Under which armpit is it correct to measure the temperature. Measurement of body temperature in the inguinal fold. What determines body temperature

The usual way of measuring temperature under the arm is not suitable for everyone and not always. The temperature in the mouth is most often measured in young children who cannot hold a thermometer.

A thermometer for such a procedure needs a special one, and the results will be slightly different from the usual indicators.

Why measure the temperature in the mouth?

To begin with, it is worth asking the question - why measure the temperature in the mouth, if holding a thermometer under the arm is much more convenient? There are two answers to this question.

The first is that small children from one to three years old still do not know how to hold a thermometer in the armpit, and it is much easier for them to measure the temperature in their mouths. At a younger age, a rectal thermometer is used.

The second answer is that the temperature in the armpit does not always give objective information about the state of the body. Why is this happening? Because among the functions of the skin is the removal of excess heat, so it is not surprising that it will be significantly cooler than the internal organs.

This phenomenon can be observed even with an active inflammatory process. Measuring temperature on mucous membranes - mouth, rectum, vagina - is much more informative.

The oral mucosa is the most accessible and convenient of all those listed.

In order for the result to be reliable, it is necessary to correctly carry out the procedure for measuring oral temperature. Half an hour before the procedure, you can not:

All of these factors affect the temperature in the oral cavity, which is why they must be excluded.

When starting the procedure, you need to prepare a thermometer and a watch in advance in order to record the time, sit in a comfortable position and spend a few minutes in complete peace. All removable dental structures must be removed, the thermometer must be disinfected in advance. Then the thermometer is placed under the tongue, the mouth is closed and held for 3-4 minutes.

To measure the temperature in the oral cavity, there are special oral thermometers, but you can use the usual one, which measures the temperature under the arm.

The thermometer must be disinfected before and after each use. Which is preferable - electronic or mercury, depends on individual preferences. Electronic is safer and will show the result faster, mercury is more accurate, but in domestic conditions this advantage is insignificant.

During the thermometry procedure, you can not make any active actions- it is dangerous. It is not worth clenching your teeth tightly - there is a risk of biting off the tip of the thermometer. In the case of an electronic thermometer, this will only lead to damage to the device, and if the temperature was measured with mercury, that is big risk mercury poisoning. Therefore, for children, it is definitely better to choose an electronic oral thermometer.

Mouth temperature is normal in adults and children

Normal in the mouth is higher than under the arm, but lower than in the rectum.

The norm for adults is 36.8 ° -37.3 °, in children this parameter is slightly higher and depends quite strongly on age.

Higher numbers can be observed in inflammatory processes in oral cavity, therefore, before proceeding with such a procedure, you need to make sure that they are absent.

There are two main methods of measuring temperature in the mouth - sublingual (the thermometer is placed under the tongue) and buccal (the thermometer is placed behind the cheek). The indications for both measurements will be the same, so which method to choose is determined by the convenience of the patient.

Why the temperature in the mouth and under the arm is different

The temperature is not the same throughout the human body. If you measure the temperature of the internal organs, it turns out that it is much higher than the temperature of the skin. The blood flow redistributes heat, removing its excess from some areas (for example, the liver) and warming others, in particular, the skin and mucous membranes.

What is the best thermometer to use to measure the temperature in the mouth?

The temperature of the skin is also unevenly distributed - some areas are colder and some are warmer. Measurement in the armpit is due to the fact that it is in this place that the skin temperature is least affected external factors. It will also be the highest temperature recorded on the skin.

The mucous membranes have very little contact with the external environment, so their temperature is more stable. Almost always it is higher than the temperature at the surface of the skin.

Among the mucous membranes, whose temperature is available for measurement, the most stable and high rate observed in the rectum. In the mouth, it is somewhat lower and more dependent on environmental factors - food, bad habits etc. The temperature in the armpits is more stable than in the oral mucosa, but usually somewhat lower than it.

The most accurate result gives a comparison of all three indicators. For observation in dynamics, it is necessary to measure the temperature at the same time under the same conditions.

Normally, the discrepancy between the results obtained in different areas will be small - no more than 0.5 ° C. But in some cases there can be significant differences.

• The temperature in the oral cavity is much higher than in the armpit. This condition is observed during the inflammatory process in internal organs, as well as with active inflammation in the oral cavity;
• The temperature in the armpit is higher than in the oral cavity. Seen in skin inflammatory diseases, increase axillary . In this case, the temperature in the right and left armpits will be different. In this case, axillary thermometry is not informative;
• The temperature in the rectum is much higher than in the mouth. This is an indicator of beginning inflammatory processes in the intestines or pelvis, diseases of the rectum (especially hemorrhoids), incorrect temperature measurement in the mouth;
• The temperature in the mouth is higher than in the rectum. This indicates an inflammatory process in the mouth, the use of hot drinks and dishes before measurements.

In any case, thermometry is not an exhaustive method for diagnosing diseases. To put accurate diagnosis you need to see a doctor and get tested.

Mouth temperature may be important diagnostic sign which will help determine early stages diseases. But the measurement technique is somewhat more complicated than in determining axillary temperature although it takes less time.

For measurement, you can use a conventional thermometer, but it is better to buy a special electronic one, which is safer to use. Some experts do not recommend using this method in children.

Video about emergency care child with high fever

An adult can easily measure his body temperature. If you got sick Small child, difficulties may arise. It is important to know: how to use a thermometer and in what place is it better to keep it, is it possible to measure the temperature under the knee.

Places to measure

The eardrum gives the most accurate temperature reading.

There are several places on the human body that give reliable information about temperature:

• The armpit is the traditional and most familiar place.
• Oral cavity.
• Anal opening.
• Forehead and Auricle if the measurement is carried out with an infrared thermometer.

The place under the knee with a bent leg is used when the child refuses to hold the thermometer under the armpit. Experts do not recommend this method, as the indicators will not be accurate. However, a run in the readings of 0.5 degrees is often not critical.

The well-known pediatrician Evgeny Olegovich Komarovsky believes that it is not the value on the thermometer that is more important, but the well-being of the child and the reaction to antipyretics.

If at a temperature of 38 the baby is active, he has good mood, there are not many reasons for concern, you just need to carry out the prescribed treatment. If the child is weak, has a fever and does not respond to antipyretics, you should immediately show him to the doctor.

How to measure temperature correctly

The higher the temperature, the sooner the thermometer will fix it.

There are rules for measuring body temperature. To get an accurate result, it is important to follow them:

• Wipe dry the armpit or knee crease.
• Insert the thermometer into the fold, pressing it firmly.
• During the measurement, you can not move, walk.
• Hold the thermometer for 4 to 10 minutes.

The electronic thermometer itself gives a signal when the body temperature is fixed.

The time of measurement and the place for measurement differ depending on the type of thermometer.

Description of thermometers and rules for their use

Types of devices for measuring body temperature:

Mercury thermometer. precision instrument. The full name is the maximum mercury thermometer. Scale reaching maximum value, will not drop if the body temperature fluctuates. To decrease the scale, shake the device. You can measure the temperature under the knee, in the mouth, armpit. The lack of a thermometer long time measurements (up to 10 minutes) and the risk that it may break.

Digital Thermometer. May not give accurate results. His work directly depends on the quality of workmanship. It is recommended to buy a device with a quality certificate in trusted places. The electronic thermometer reacts to changes in temperature and fixes the value on the display if it has not fluctuated within 15 seconds. You can take measurements under the arm, in the mouth, in the groin, in the anus and under the knee.

Infrared thermometer. It is considered accurate, shows the result within a few seconds. The places for measurement with this device are the forehead and the auricle. The thermometer captures the thermal radiation of the body. The most accurate result is given by radiation from eardrum. It is important to consider: if a child has otitis media, the result will be distorted, since the inflammatory process is always accompanied by an increase in local temperature.

It is impossible to measure the temperature under the knee with an infrared thermometer.

When using a mercury or electronic thermometer to measure temperature under the knee, it is important to consider factors that can affect the result. Inflammatory processes in the knee will distort the data. In the absence of inflammation, the temperature in the knee bend will be slightly lower than in the armpit or in the mouth.

If you need to measure the temperature of an adult, but the armpit gives inaccurate data (during breastfeeding or inflammation), you can take a measurement in the elbow bend.

Any doctor will be able to quickly and correctly diagnose a patient, having reliable and accurate information about his condition. Body temperature is a very important parameter. It turns out that in order to correctly determine it, it is necessary to observe certain rules, and also know how much it is necessary to measure the temperature with one or another type of thermometer. So, let's consider everything in order.

Temperature measurement methods

There are three main ways to measure the temperature in an adult or a child:

• rectal;
• oral;
• axillary.

The methods listed in the list are arranged as the accuracy of the readings obtained decreases. You should know that the well-known temperature of 36.6 degrees is the norm only for determining the temperature in the axillary way (under the arm). For example, with the rectal method, it will be correct to consider 37.3 - 37.7 degrees as the norm, and with the oral method - 37.1 - 37.5.

It's important to know

Temperature norms vary, depending on the part of the body:
- 36.3-36.8 - under the arm;
- 37.1-37.5 - in the mouth;
- 37.3-37.7 - in the rectum.

Temperature measurement by any of these methods is possible using mercury thermometer or electronic thermometer.
Let's consider each of the methods in more detail. Let's determine which method makes sense to use in each specific situation, how much you need to keep the thermometer under your arm or in other parts of the body.

Rectal temperature measurement

It is carried out by inserting a thermometer into the rectum. It is the most accurate, since the rectal cavity is closed from the outside by an external sphincter. Most often, this method is used to determine the temperature in children under 5 years of age. There are a number of cases where the rectal method is the best option:

• for determining basal body temperature among women;
• finding the patient unconscious;
• with thermoneurosis disease, when fever lasts for a long time;
• in people suffering from underweight;
• in the presence of skin diseases in the armpits, inflammation in the oral cavity.

Contraindications: constipation, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, proctitis.
Do not measure immediately after taking hot bath or soul, as well as after intense physical activity.

How and how much to measure the temperature by the rectal method

The measurement can be made with both mercury and electronic thermometers. Most comfortable position- on the side, legs must be bent at the knees. When measuring the temperature of a child, you can also lay him on his back, lifting his legs up or on his stomach on the knee of an adult.

Before proceeding with the procedure for introducing a thermometer, it is necessary to thoroughly disinfect it. Then lubricate its tip with petroleum jelly, oil or baby cream. Then enter into anus to a depth of 5-6 cm for an adult and 1-2 cm for a child, press the buttocks tightly against each other. A time of 5 minutes will be required if you measure the temperature with a mercury thermometer, how long it takes when using an electronic thermometer will let you know a sound signal, after which you need to wait another 30 seconds.

Oral temperature measurement

It is carried out by placing a mercury or electronic thermometer in the oral cavity under the tongue. This method quite convenient and effective, is widely used in countries Western Europe and America. it best way for children over five years of age. AT younger age children are at risk of injury due to improper use of measuring instruments. It is used in cases where the procedure is not possible in other ways.

Contraindications: inflammatory processes in the oral cavity or nasal congestion.

How and how much to measure the temperature with a mercury thermometer in the mouth

You can not measure the temperature immediately after taking cold or hot food. You must wait at least 20 minutes for the information to be reliable. In the mouth, it is correct to measure the temperature with both a mercury thermometer and an electronic thermometer.

Before use, the tip of the thermometer must be thoroughly disinfected. Then the thermometer should be placed as far as possible in the lower palate under the tongue and lips tightly compressed. Breathing is done only through the nose.

Many are concerned about the question of how many minutes to measure the temperature with a mercury thermometer in the mouth. So, the time required to determine the most accurate temperature value is five minutes. If an electronic thermometer is used, it is necessary to wait 30-40 seconds, after sound signal.

Axillary temperature measurement

Does not give the most accurate results, however, most people in Everyday life most often resort to it. However, not everyone knows how long you need to keep a mercury thermometer under your arm. Many people do this procedure at random and do not keep track of how many minutes they hold a mercury thermometer under their arm. Let us dwell on the axillary method in more detail.

Firstly, you should not start measuring the temperature immediately after taking a bath or performing intense physical exertion. Secondly, the skin in the armpit should be dry. To do this, before measuring the temperature, you need to wipe this area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin with a dry cloth, removing the existing droplets of sweat. Thirdly, it is desirable to use a non-working hand to measure temperature.

Before performing the procedure, it is necessary to disinfect the tip of the thermometer and wipe it dry with a napkin or towel. The thermometer is inserted deep into the armpit, then pressed tightly with the hand. Air must be prevented from entering the measuring point.

How long should you keep a mercury thermometer under your arm?

The duration of temperature measurement using the accelerator method is longer than any other. The fact is that in order for the temperature of the skin in the armpit to reach internal temperature body of a person, it is necessary, for at least five minutes, to keep the hand very tightly pressed to the body. Plus, the thermometer needs five minutes for the mercury to reach desired point on a scale corresponding to the actual temperature. Thus, the answer to the question: how many minutes to measure the temperature under the arm will be - 10 minutes.

How long to keep a mercury thermometer

- in the mouth and rectum - 5 minutes;
- under the armpit - 10 min.

Measurement of temperature under the arm in children

Many mothers are also interested in the question: how long should a thermometer be kept under the arm of a child. After all, most children are fidgety, so it is not possible to keep them in one position for as long as 10 minutes. In this case experienced pediatricians it is advised to first ask the child to simply press his hand to the body for about 5 minutes so that the temperature under the arm rises to the internal temperature of the body. And after that, put a thermometer for the remaining 5 minutes.

You can also wait until the baby is fast asleep. Only after that, carefully place and hold the thermometer under your arm. No matter how long it takes, it is easy to fix the child in the right position when he sleeps.

After the optimal method for measuring temperature is chosen, the question arises of choosing a measuring instrument.

Which thermometer to choose

There are two main types of thermometers, which differ in the principle of operation:

• mercury;
• electronic.

Each of them has its own characteristics. Let's consider them in more detail.

mercury thermometer

A simple mercury thermometer known to everyone from distant childhood has not lost its relevance even now. It has a number of advantages:

• high measurement accuracy;
• low price;
• familiarity and ease of use;
• possibility of application at any method of measurement;
• the possibility of error is practically excluded.

Its disadvantages include:

• high fragility;
• the possibility of harm in case of damage;
• long time for the measurement procedure.

There are a number of rules for using mercury thermometers:

• use in children only under adult supervision;
• store in a special case out of the reach of a child;
• do not store faulty thermometers at home.

Electronic thermometer

Electronic thermometers have become popular among the population along with mercury thermometers. In order to learn how to correctly measure the temperature with an electronic thermometer, you must carefully read the instructions attached to it.
Advantages of using an electronic thermometer:

• short time of the procedure;
• universality, it is possible to measure the temperature with an electronic thermometer both axillary and oral and rectal;
• safety of use.

The disadvantages of digital thermometers include: the possibility of obtaining incorrect information due to an error in the internal program of the thermometer.
Some people notice that an electronic thermometer shows a temperature lower than a mercury one. This situation occurs if the electronic thermometer is removed immediately after the sound signal is triggered. Doctors strongly recommend holding the thermometer for another 30 seconds after the signal. Often such a situation arises when a measurement is made under the arm. In this case, the hand should be pressed against the body more strongly, since the temperature sensor of an electronic thermometer requires closer contact with the skin than mercury. Do not rule out a malfunction of the thermometer.

For more exact result the electronic thermometer must be held for another 30 seconds after the beep.

Other temperature measurement options

In some Western European countries, it is customary to measure the body temperature of children in the ear canal using an infrared thermometer. This method is quite convenient, as it takes a minimum of 2-4 seconds. However, there is some measurement error. In addition, a high-quality infrared thermometer has a high cost.

Even for newborns, there are thermometers-pacifiers. Pretty handy invention. But the scope of such thermometers is limited: firstly, not all children take a pacifier, and secondly, measurement is possible only by oral method.

Thermal strips on the forehead. They are convenient because you can always carry them with you. However, they give very approximate information about the rise in temperature.

Having studied and tried all the options for measuring temperature, everyone can choose the most convenient way for themselves. The main thing is to follow all the rules for the measurement procedure and the use of thermometers various types and do not forget about how much you need to measure body temperature with a mercury thermometer or electronic.

A popular method for diagnosing diseases and inflammatory processes is to measure body temperature using special devices- thermometers, also called thermometers. Depending on the deviation of the obtained indicator from the norm, the doctor makes a prediction about the state of the body systems, determines the intensity of the necessary drug therapy during the first days of treatment. Answers to the questions about which thermometers are best to use, and on which part of the body to measure the temperature, will help you understand how to measure it correctly, to minimize the error.

What is temperature measurement

Thermometry is a set of methods and methods that help measure the temperature, in medicine - the human body. The degree of heating of the object is compared with the absolute thermodynamic scale. Deviation from average norm up or down show the doctor that processes are taking place in the body that violate its thermoregulation, for example, the fight against a virus or inflammation. Regular measurements of this parameter allow you to monitor the patient's condition, improve the effectiveness of treatment in a timely manner, and avoid possible complications.

What determines body temperature

Apart from infectious infections and other external factors (for example, hypothermia or overheating), many circumstances affect the temperature index of the body. You will see different numbers on the thermometer by measuring the temperature on the surface of the skin (in the armpit or in the inguinal folds) or with one of internal ways(oral or rectal). In addition to the location of the measurement, the indicator is affected by:

• the time of the manipulation (morning / evening);
• patient's age;
• period menstrual cycle among women.

Normal human body temperature

Physiological indicators normal temperature human body can fluctuate within 36.3 - 37.3 ° С. The norm of 36.6 ° C, to which we are accustomed since childhood, is set to measure in armpit, due to individual characteristics may deviate within 36.4 - 37.0 ° С. Medium rectal temperature(in the rectum) is 37.3-37.7 ° C; temperature ranges for oral measurement, considered healthy indicators - 36.8 - 37.2 ° C.

Minimum human body temperature

The human body is better adapted to hypothermia than to an increase in temperature. Deviation from the norm towards the lower limit up to 35 ° C is accompanied by strong weakness, after lowering to 29 ° C, the person loses consciousness. The lowest recorded rate at which the life of a hypothermic patient could be saved was 14.9 °C. Death usually occurs when the temperature reaches 25°C.

Critical temperature

If the temperature of the victim from overheating rises to the absolute scale mark above 42 ° C and it is impossible to reduce the indicator, there is a high probability lethal outcome. A case was recorded when the patient managed to survive with overheating up to 46.5 °C. The lower limit in some cases can reach up to 25-26 °C. With hyperthermia - an increase in the indicator to 42 ° C and above - loss of consciousness, hallucinations, delirium are observed. The patient's life is in danger in this case. serious danger, therefore it is necessary to lower this biometric indicator by any accessible way.

What is temperature measured in

The SI system (international system of units) has two main units of measurement temperature indicators degrees Celsius and degrees Kelvin. Body temperature in medicine is measured on the Celsius scale, on which zero is equal to freezing water, and one hundred degrees is the state of its boiling.

Temperature measuring instruments

In thermometry, a special measuring device is used - a thermometer to measure body temperature. These devices are also called thermometers. They are made from different materials(glass, plastic), have their own specifics and principle of operation (contact, non-contact; digital, mercury, infrared), measurement error. Each type of these devices has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Instrument classification

The basic principle by which thermometers are classified for measuring body temperature is the principle of operation of these measuring instruments. According to him, they are divided into:

• mercury;
• digital;
• infrared (for contactless method measurements).

Mercury thermometers are made of glass and work on the principle of expanding the mercury contained in their glass tank. When heated from the body, the mercury column moves up the scale, reaching a mark corresponding to t of the body. This method of determining temperature characteristics helps to obtain high accuracy of measurement results, the error of the actual temperature when using this type of thermometer is only 0.1 degrees.

Along with the advantages - affordability, a wide range of applications, durability, obtaining accurate measurements- liquid thermometers with mercury have significant disadvantages:

• fragility of the body;
• mercury toxicity (there is a risk of poisoning if you accidentally damage the mercury tank or break the thermometer);
• measurement duration (up to 10 minutes).

The widespread use of digital electronic thermometers. They may have different appearance, their body is made of plastic, and the temperature is determined due to the operation of a thermodynamic sensor. Electronic thermometers safer than mercury ones, they help to get a quick measurement result (within one minute), however, the accuracy of the readings of these devices is significantly inferior to mercury thermometers.

Infrared devices for measuring temperature indicators do not require direct contact with the body, the time of measuring the temperature value takes a few seconds. A special sensor displays a digital infrared image on the screen, the device requires adjustment, gives an error of about 0.2 degrees, is expensive, and is often used in cases where the patient cannot be disturbed.

Specially for infants, which cannot be at rest for a long time, pacifier thermometers disguised as an ordinary dummy were invented. They are made of silicone, the duration of the measurement is about five minutes, but this does not bring any inconvenience to the child. The deviation from the exact data can reach 0.3 degrees.

Where to take the temperature

Not all parts of the body have the same indicator, in this regard, there are different ways temperature measurements. For getting exact definition state of the body, this biometric indicator is determined by:

• axillary (the thermometer is installed and held with the working end in the armpit);
• oral (measurement is carried out by taking the level of thermal radiation in the mouth);
• rectally (in the rectum);
• in the inguinal folds;
• in the woman's vagina.

How to measure correctly

AT different cavities and areas, the temperature indicator is measured according to certain rules. It is important to check the technical condition of the device you are using - replace the battery in the digital thermometer, if necessary, adjust the infrared, make sure the integrity of the mercury one. If there is any doubt about the reliability of the results obtained - for example, the child’s forehead is hot, and the device shows a normal temperature, repeat the procedure or measure the indicator on another part of the body.

mercury thermometer

Before using a mercury thermometer, shake it to bring down the mercury column to the minimum value on the scale, less than 35 ° C. The instrument must be dry and clean if you are measuring orally or rectally, necessary condition The use of the thermometer is its preliminary disinfection. For glass thermometers, in order to avoid damage, there are rules for careful storage in a case.

During the procedure in the armpit, the device is kept in a state of equilibrium, tightly pressed against the body for the required time. For oral measurement, the device is placed under the tongue, which closes tightly, breathing through the nose. During the rectal measurement method, the patient is positioned in lying position on the side, the thermometer is inserted through the sphincter into the rectum and held for two to three minutes.

Time for measuring body temperature with a mercury thermometer

When using contact thermometers, the type of which is mercury, the time during which the measurement is taken is important. Depending on the place of measurement, it is:

• 5-10 minutes - for the axillary method;
• 2-3 minutes - for rectal;
• 3-5 minutes - for oral.

Electrothermometer

Digital measuring instruments must be used when you want accurate and fast results. The audible signal function provided with the thermometers makes it easier to control the thermometry, as it notifies the user when the measurement process is completed. They produce so-called instant thermometers, which, thanks to high sensitivity thermoelement, give the result in 2-3 seconds.

Remote temperature measurement

Measurement of temperature indicators at a distance is a convenient property of infrared thermometers. These devices are the result of high-tech laboratory development, which determines the quality of their work and the accuracy of the data obtained. They don't provide harmful effects on the body, and are suitable both for immobilized patients and for infants who are in constant motion.

Measurement algorithm

Using correct algorithm measurements of body temperature, you will reduce the influence of external factors, you will be able to timely monitor changes in temperature indicators, thereby speeding up the patient's recovery process. With any method and use of any type of contact thermometer, follow the rules of hygiene and disinfection of the devices themselves. The algorithm for using a mercury thermometer:

1. Wash your hands thoroughly.
2. Take the device out of the case.
3. Gently but firmly shake it while holding forefinger on the tank.
4. Make sure the mercury column is below 35°C.
5. Take a measurement.
6. Disinfect the thermometer after completing the procedure.
7. Write down the received data.

Measurement of body temperature in the armpit

By adhering to the following algorithm, you will understand how to measure the temperature in the armpit with any thermometer in order to get exact value and not use another method:

• take measurements several times a day, at regular intervals;
• press the thermometer tightly to the body to avoid the free position of the thermometer;
• keep your body still during the procedure;
• record the upper and lower indicators in writing during the day.

Under which armpit to measure

Physical sensation right and left armpit are the same, so it doesn't matter which one you use to measure temperature. If you wish, you can remove the value from both the right and left sides several times to make sure that you get the same data as a result. If there are doubts about the correctness of the result, you can always measure the temperature in another sensitive area, in inguinal region, for example.

In the mouth

The answer to the question of how to measure the temperature in the mouth correctly lies in the following two main points - the position of the thermometer and the measurement time. Place the device under the tip of the tongue, press it firmly and close your mouth. To obtain data, hold this position for two to three minutes, breathing through your nose, evenly and calmly. Before carrying out the procedure, be sure to treat the thermometer with a disinfectant wipe.

Processing thermometers

Clean sanitized thermometer - important condition to obtain correct data when measuring indicators. The treatment of the device should be carried out after each procedure; at home, this can be done using wipes soaked in any disinfectant. alcohol composition. After disinfection, the device is wiped dry and placed in a storage case.

Video

Body temperature- index thermal state of the human body or other living organism, which reflects the ratio between the heat production of various organs and tissues and the heat exchange between them and the external environment.

Body temperature depends on:

- age;
- time of day;
- impact on the body environment;
- state of health;
- pregnancy;
- characteristics of the body;
- other factors that are not yet clear.

Types of body temperature

Depending on the readings of the thermometer, the following types of body temperature are distinguished:

— less than 35°С;
- 35°С - 37°С;
— subfebrile temperature bodies: 37°С - 38°С;
— Febrile temperature bodies: 38°С - 39°С;
— Pyretic body temperature: 39°С - 41°С;
— Hyperpyretic body temperature: above 41°C.

According to another classification, the following types of body temperature (state of the body) are distinguished:

— Hypothermia. Body temperature drops below 35°C;
— Normal temperature. Body temperature is in the range from 35°C to 37°C (depending on the state of the body, age, gender, moment of measurement and other factors);
— Hyperthermia. Body temperature rises above 37°C;
— Fever. An increase in body temperature, which, unlike hypothermia, occurs in conditions of maintaining the mechanisms of thermoregulation of the body.

Low body temperature is less common than elevated or high, but nevertheless, it is also quite dangerous for human life. If the body temperature drops to 27°C or below, there is a chance that a person will fall into a coma, although there are cases when people survived at and up to 16°C.

Temperature is considered low adult healthy person below 36.0°C. In other cases, a low temperature should be considered a temperature that is 0.5°C - 1.5°C below your normal temperature.

The body temperature is considered low that is more than 1.5°C lower than your normal body temperature, or if your temperature drops below 35°C (hypothermia). In this case, you must urgently call a doctor.

Reasons for low temperature:

— weak immunity;
— severe hypothermia;
- consequence past illness;
- diseases thyroid gland;
— medications;
— low hemoglobin;
- hormonal imbalance
— internal bleeding;
- poisoning
- fatigue, etc.

The main and most frequent symptoms low temperature are prostration and .

Normal body temperature, as noted by many experts, mainly depends on age and time of day.

Consider values ​​of the upper limit of normal body temperature in people different ages if measured under the arm:

— normal temperature in newborns: 36.8°C;
— normal temperature in 6 month old babies: 37.4°C;
— normal temperature in 1 year old children: 37.4°C;
— normal temperature in 3 year old children: 37.4°C;
— normal temperature in 6 year old children: 37.0°C;
— normal temperature in adults: 36.8°C;
— normal temperature in adults over 65: 36.3°C;

If you measure the temperature not under the armpits, then the readings of the thermometer (thermometer) will differ:

- in the mouth - more by 0.3-0.6 ° C;
- in the ear cavity - more by 0.6-1.2 ° C;
- in the rectum - more by 0.6-1.2 ° C.

It is worth noting that the above data is based on a study of 90% of patients, but at the same time, 10% have a body temperature that differs up or down, and at the same time, they are absolutely healthy. In such cases, this is also the norm for them.

In general, temperature fluctuations up or down from the norm, by more than 0.5-1.5 ° C, is a reaction to any disturbances in the body. In other words, it is a sign that the body recognized the disease and began to fight it.

If you want to know the exact indicator of your normal temperature, contact your doctor. If this is not possible, then do it yourself. To do this, it is necessary for several days, when you feel great, to take temperature measurements, in the morning, afternoon and evening. Record the thermometer readings in a notebook. Then separately add up all the indicators of morning, afternoon and evening measurements and divide the sum by the number of measurements. The average values ​​will be your normal temperature.

Elevated and high body temperature is divided into 4 types:

— Subfebrile: 37°С - 38°С.
— Febrile: 38°С - 39°С.
— Pyretic: 39°С - 41°С.
— Hyperpyretic: above 41°C.

Maximum body temperature, which is considered critical, i.e. at which a person dies - 42 ° C. It is dangerous because the metabolism in the brain tissues is disturbed, which practically kills the entire body.

The reasons for the high temperature can only be indicated by a doctor. The most common causes are viruses, bacteria and other foreign microorganisms that enter the body through burns, disturbance, by airborne droplets and etc.

Symptoms of fever and fever

- For the first time, the temperature of the human body (oral temperature) was measured in Germany in 1851 using one of the first samples of mercury thermometers that appeared.

- The world's lowest body temperature of 14.2 ° C was recorded on February 23, 1994 in a 2-year-old Canadian girl who spent 6 hours in the cold.

- The highest body temperature was recorded on July 10, 1980 in a hospital in Atlanta, USA in 52-year-old Willie Jones, who received heat stroke. Its temperature was 46.5 °C. The patient was discharged from the hospital after 24 days.