Name material for filling teeth. and social development. Root canal filling

Temporary fillings are designed to be removed after some time and replaced with permanent ones. Most often they are placed for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes. Let's say the doctor is not sure whether the nerve is affected or not. For this, a temporary filling is placed: if the tooth is sick, then the nerve must be removed. Healing fillings are most often hidden under themselves various medicines, which will need to be removed after a while. Those. a temporary filling is not the one that falls on the 3rd day after visiting the doctor, but the filling that the doctor removed himself without much difficulty. Arsenic is also covered with temporary fillings.

Permanent fillings

Permanent fillings are designed to last for years or decades. Permanent fillings vary in composition.

Materials for making fillings

metal fillings- from various kinds amalgams (an alloy of metal with mercury). The disadvantage is the presence of mercury harmful to the body. Also, the amalgam expands after installation. Often there is a chipping of the tooth wall adjacent to the filling, although in modern amalgam this disadvantage is minimized. Amalgam fillings are used for chewing teeth and in difficult situations e.g. in subgingival defects. They are also often placed under crowns when the appearance of the filling is not important.
Glass ionomer cements have a good marginal fit and are cheap. Special additives nourish tooth tissues with fluorine ions and prevent tooth development. secondary caries. But such seals are fragile and quickly erased.
cement fillings(powder + liquid). They also counteract the formation of "secondary caries", but are short-lived due to the fragility of the material.
Composites and chemical curing plastics- largest group filling materials who came to the place of cement fillings. The difference between composites and plastics lies mainly in the content of the filler (most often it is porcelain). It is possible to conditionally divide composites into acrylic-containing, composites based on epoxy resins and light-cured composites. Acrylic-containing composites- very strong "breaking", very resistant to abrasion, but very toxic, and have a lot of pores formed during polymerization. Putting them on healthy tooth, you can easily get pulpitis (inflammation of the nerve). Also, secondary caries often develops (including on the teeth to which the filling is adjacent). Composites based on epoxy resins- more resistant to abrasion, but brittle. Of course, they are better than acrylic resins, less toxic. However, after a few years, such composites darken.
Light composites(light-cured, they are also photopolymer, they are also gel-cured composites) - the most popular material for filling teeth in our country. It is a mixture of polymer and filler, which hardens under the action of blue light emitted by a special lamp. They are beautiful, durable, curing control allows the doctor to make a tooth for as long as necessary and without haste. In addition, they have an extensive range of colors (almost all layers of the tooth can be reproduced in color and transparency), excellent polishability (i.e., a polished filling does not differ in luster from enamel) and sufficient durability. Today we can talk about five or seven years of impeccable service. Their main problem is shrinkage and marginal fit. Therefore, they are unsuitable for closing extensive defects and cannot serve as a substitute for prosthetics.

Disadvantages of light-cured fillings

Unfortunately, for all positive qualities modern light-cured materials they have 3 serious drawbacks:

Shrinkage during polymerization (or light curing). This shortcoming embedded in the chemistry of these materials. At the moment when the filling begins to harden, it shrinks in volume, i.e. shrinkage occurs. The degree of shrinkage varies from 5% to 0.8%, which leads to the fact that the filling comes off the walls of the tooth. True, several ways have been devised to deal with this drawback, but they are not always effective, and sometimes technically not feasible. And if the size of the filling is not large, then this is not a problem, but if the filling is large, then the risk of tearing off the filling and the occurrence of caries under it increases along with the size of the filling itself.
The second problem is a continuation of the first, because shrinkage leads to the appearance of internal deformations in the filling itself, as a result, thin walls break off.
Insufficient polymerization (or curing) of the filling. The fact is that under the action of the light of a polymerization lamp in the mouth, the seal hardens (or polymerizes) only by 60-70%. This affects the strength of the seal and its color stability. If any filling could be simply heated to 100 degrees for 15 minutes, then its strength would increase several times. This principle lies in the manufacturing technology of inlays from light-cured composite materials.

Based on site materials

High-quality endodontic treatment involves not only the removal of the pulp and disinfection of the canals, but also their sealing. There are various filling materials for root canals; the quality of pulpitis treatment depends on the correct choice.

Canal filling has several purposes:

prevention of penetration into the infection;
elimination of inflammation in tissues;
exclusion of tissue fluid ingress.

Materials for filling the root canals of the teeth must comply with a number of requirements:

The materials used are divided into several groups:

By physical properties: plastic (pastes), solid (pins).
According to the functions performed: for sealing (sealers), for filling (fillers).
According to the duration of the installation - for permanent or temporary filling.

Plastic pastes

Plastic materials are non-hardening or hardening.

Non-hardening agents

This material for filling root canals has therapeutic effect. It is assumed that upon reaching desired result it will be removed. The agent is injected, closed with a sterile cotton ball and a temporary filling.

Types of compositions:

Pastes containing calcium hydroxide are also used for canal treatment due to their sterilizing effect. According to studies, the method allows achieving sterility at the level of 97% (for example, when processing saline it reaches 20%. It is recommended to fill the channels with such pastes after their instrumentation, and after 3 days to put a permanent filling.

hardening pastes

Materials used for installation permanent fillings, harden. These include:

Zinc phosphate cements are used to install fillings in teeth that have a single root with a wide canal. They do not change the color of the tooth, do not dissolve, but harden very quickly, so they are used to a limited extent.
Compositions with zinc and eugenol are able to have an anti-inflammatory effect, differ optimum time hardening, but can cause allergies and dissolve.
Pastes based on calcium trioxide have an osteotropic effect, but it lasts until the moment of hardening.
Epoxy resin products are characterized by heat resistance, the ability to maintain stability. Negative properties - susceptibility to shrinkage, violation of sealing with insufficient drying of the space inside the root.
Resocine-formalin materials have an antiseptic effect, but can stain the crown and irritate the periodontium.
glass ionomer cements. These pastes are characterized by good adhesiveness, biocompatibility, high stability. They are difficult to remove if necessary, therefore they are used together with pins.

The choice of filling material depends on many factors.
One of the promising developments, which is at the implementation stage, is a product consisting of two calcium compounds. It is characterized by good biological compatibility, tight adhesion to the walls, low solubility.

Pins

Called primarily hard materials, are used together with sealers - means that fill the space to the walls and ensure tightness. The most popular types are gutta-percha products. This material fills the channels well, is quickly removed if necessary, is stable, does not irritate tissues, and is radiopaque.

Difficulties can arise due to its softness, so only a qualified dentist should install such pins. Other types of pins are also used:

Impassable channels

The listed funds may not always be used. If channels are found to be obstructed, other techniques are used. This situation arises due to age-related obliteration or due to curvature, inflammatory processes, as well as for other reasons. The following treatment methods are practiced:

Features of choice

When choosing a paste or post, the dentist focuses on several criteria:

1. Is the tooth milk or permanent, in what condition are its roots. During the shift period time units their roots are resorbable, so the material must have the same ability.
2. The shape of the channels and their permeability. Metal, fiberglass posts are used if the canals are wide, straight and there is no risk of root damage. It is not recommended to install such models in curved canals, giving preference to gutta-percha products.
3. The degree of preservation of the crown. In case of severe destruction, metal or fiberglass pins are used.
4. Financial opportunities. The most budgetary solution is filling the canal with cement paste, but it is not always acceptable in terms of the quality and durability of the treatment.

one of the most important areas in dentistry, because it the main task- elimination of diseases of the base of the tooth, roots. At wrong choice material, complications are inevitable - the development of allergic reactions, inflammatory processes, including in bone tissue.

Sources:

Borovsky E.V. Clinical endodontics. Moscow, 2003.
Lukinykh A.M. Pulpitis. Tutorial. Nizhny Novgorod, 2005.
Propaedeutic dentistry, textbook. Ed. E.A. Bazikyan. Moscow, 2008.

Hard tissues of teeth, unfortunately, cannot regenerate (recover). For this reason, fragments of enamel and dentin affected by the carious process or broken off need to be replaced with artificial materials. Restoration can be done by placing fillings or making inlays. Significant defects require orthopedic treatment.

Tooth filling: purposes and materials used

Filling has two main goals:

Elimination of affected tissue during tooth preparation stops further development caries and prevent its complications.
The filling replaces the defect, which is important from an aesthetic and physiological point of view.

All materials used to restore dental crowns must necessarily meet the following requirements:

safety for the body (no toxic effects);
strength (resistance to mechanical and chemical influences);
high aesthetic qualities.

Note:a well-placed filling should ideally be completely invisible (according to at least for the non-specialist).

Before placing a filling, a number of preparatory work is carried out, which include:

mechanical removal of the affected (infected) tissue;
formation of a cavity in compliance with certain requirements;
isolation of the tooth from saliva;
treatment of the cavity with an antiseptic solution.

Direct filling involves:

applying an insulating gasket (if necessary);
surface treatment with an adhesive (or enamel etching);
introduction of material into the cavity and its compaction;
filling modeling;
exposure to a special lamp (for photopolymers);
grinding and polishing after final curing.

What are fillings for? The answer to this question in the video review is given by the dentist:

Classification of dental fillings

According to their purpose, all fillings can be divided into temporary and permanent. The former can serve to temporarily isolate the cavity into which medicinal preparation(Some materials contain medicines). A temporary filling can also be placed if the dentist is not completely sure that pulpitis will not develop (such fillings can be called "diagnostic" fillings).

Temporary fillings differ from permanent fillings in their composition. For their manufacture, less durable materials are used, which allows the doctor to easily remove such a temporary filling after 1-3 days during the next visit of the patient. A common material for such fillings is artificial dentin, which is mixed with water. With its help, in particular, arsenic paste is fixed and isolated, which is necessary for the devitalization (destruction, removal) of the pulp (neurovascular bundle) of the tooth.

Important:arsenic is a poisonous substance. A small amount of a preparation containing arsenic is introduced into the tooth cavity to “kill the nerve”.

Permanent fillings made from quality material, and delivered in compliance with all the rules, are designed to stand for many years and even decades.

Note: if the filling was lost after a few months, then either there was a violation of the technology, or the doctor did not take into account mechanical loads (i.e., an artificial crown was required).

metal fillings

Metal fillings are made from amalgam, an alloy of certain metals with mercury. Until recently, silver amalgam was the most common. Before placing such a filling, the doctor had to carefully mix the fine silver powder with mercury. Working with this hazardous to health required compliance with especially strict rules. In fairness, it should be noted that the finished amalgam is almost non-toxic ( tobacco smoke contains much more mercury).

The disadvantage of this type of filling is the likelihood of developing the effect of "galvanism" (the appearance of a weak current) in the presence of metal crowns or bridge prostheses. Disadvantages can also be considered the separation of the filling against the background of the tooth (characteristic metallic sheen), the duration of curing (up to 3 hours) and the expansion coefficient, which differs significantly from that for the natural tissues of the tooth (chips may occur when cold and hot food). Obvious advantages- Possibility of setting metal fillings into a wet cavity, their negative shrinkage and fantastic wear resistance. To this day, dentists can detect an amalgam in the patient's mouth that was placed in the last century.

cement fillings

Several types of cements are used in dentistry, but for fillings, as a rule, either phosphate or glass ionomer cements are used.

note: cements are two-component materials. When kneading, powder and liquid are mixed.

Phosphate cement fillings were relatively recently placed for everyone as part of the provision of free dental care. The undoubted advantages of materials in this category are their low cost and ease of use. Mechanical strength, i.e. resistance to abrasion, leaves much to be desired and, in addition, there is a poor "marginal fit" to the walls of the formed cavity. As a result, a gap gradually forms between the filling and the walls of the crown defect, into which food residues fall, and secondary caries develops. To increase the mechanical strength, finely dispersed silver powder was often introduced into the composition of such cements, but this did not solve the problem of poor marginal fit.

A much more perfect material is glass ionomer cements, which are characterized by a rather high degree of affinity with hard tissues tooth. They contain fluorine ions, which contribute to the remineralization of enamel. Due to this circumstance, glass ionomer fillings are often placed on children's milk teeth. The adhesive properties of such cements are much higher than those of phosphate cements, which partly solves the problem of marginal fit. However, seals of this category are not distinguished by high mechanical stability and no additives have helped to radically solve this problem.

All cements have a very short "working time". After mixing the composition, it is necessary to introduce it into the cavity and form a seal within a matter of minutes. Then the material begins to quickly "seize", i.e., lose the necessary plasticity.

Plastic fillings

A breakthrough in dentistry was the emergence of plastic and composite fillings. Most filling resins are based on acrylic acid compounds. The material is characterized by high mechanical strength, which ensures the durability of the seals, provided they are properly placed. The advantages include the ability to choose the material by color. In some cases, after grinding and polishing, the plastic may be indistinguishable by appearance from healthy enamel.

But there are many disadvantages of plastic fillings. During polymerization, a great amount microscopic pores, which further causes the development of secondary caries. The porous surface is an excellent breeding ground for microorganisms that contribute to the development of a number of oral diseases. Aesthetic merits also quickly disappear "to nothing"; the material tends to darken, especially under the influence of food dyes and nicotine. A serious disadvantage is the toxicity of acrylic plastics. Aggressive chemical compound affects the pulp. If the filling is installed on a tooth from which the nerve has not been previously removed, then even if there is a high-quality insulating lining made of cement, the likelihood of developing pulpitis is very high.

Two-component (“paste-paste”) composite materials based on epoxy resins have significantly fewer drawbacks. The toxicity of the composition takes place, but it is not as pronounced as with acrylic polymers. Composite fillings wear out even more slowly, but the fragility is somewhat higher. They are perfect, for example, for filling a defect on chewing surface crowns, but it is not recommended to restore the cutting edge with them.

Light-curing fillings (photopolymer fillings)

Photopolymers (solar fillings, light seals) are the most modern materials. Compounds of pasty consistency tend to harden under the action of ultraviolet radiation, the source of which are special dental lamps.

The doctor can not rush at all in the process of introducing the material into the cavity and the final formation of the seal, which, among other things, ensures the high quality of the seals. There is no need to grind a significant amount after curing; it is only required to carry out polishing with fine abrasive nozzles to give shine. The widest range of shades allows you to achieve perfect matching of the color of the filling with the color of the surrounding healthy enamel. A well-placed and polished photopolymer filling cannot always be detected even by a specialist. High aesthetic properties make it possible to use such composites for the restoration of the frontal (most noticeable when smiling or during a conversation) group of teeth. The toxicity of the material is minimal, as is the degree of shrinkage. Abrasion is also low, thanks to which light-cured fillings can last for many years.

If the financial situation allows, then, of course, we recommend giving preference to photopolymer fillings. AT this case the cost is fully justified!

You can see how composite fillings are installed by watching this video review:

Tabs

Inlays are a cross between a filling and a small crown prosthesis. In fact, this is a finished filling made in dental laboratory and then fixed by the doctor in the prepared cavity by means of composite material. The installation process is very similar to fixing a crown.

According to the materials from which the structures are made, the following types of tabs are distinguished:

plastic;
composite;
ceramic;
metal.

According to the manufacturing technology, it is customary to distinguish the following varieties:

inlays modeled in the oral cavity;
tabs made on the model.

In the first case, after the preparation of the tooth, softened dental wax is introduced into the cavity. Then an inlay is completely formed to replace the defect, and the wax model is transferred to the foundry at the clinic, where exactly the same metal structure is cast on it.

In the second case, after preparing the cavity, an impression is taken from the tooth with an elastic material based on silicone. A plaster model is cast on the cast, on which a wax tab is already being modeled and the model is “translated” into necessary material(plastic, composite, etc.). A ceramic inlay can also be created on the model.

Such "microprostheses" have a lot of advantages over traditional and fillings.

They fit perfectly to the walls of the cavity, unlike fillings, in which the formation of the so-called. "undercuts" with insufficient compaction during setting. Ceramic models are characterized by excellent aesthetic properties, due to the translucency of the material and a wide range of colors.

By means of inlays it is possible to create an anatomically perfect "contact point" between adjacent teeth. The abrasion of inlays is even less than that of healthy tooth enamel, not to mention composite fillings. Models with bump overlap can in some cases be an excellent alternative artificial crowns requiring a thorough preparation of all dental surfaces. In addition, there is no need to pre-depulp the tooth, since modern ceramic "micro prostheses" are completely non-toxic.

Not all patients dental clinic are wondering what materials are available for filling a tooth. But this factor directly affects how long the seal will last. In addition, the type of material depends on the health of the tooth, as well as the level of complexity of the process of its treatment. Today we will talk about how to choose the material for the filling. Types of fillings, their advantages and disadvantages will also be discussed in this article.

General requirements for dental fillings

First of all, let's define: what is a filling in dentistry? This is a medical material, characterized by viscosity and plasticity, which over time or under the action external factors hardens in the cavity of the tooth.

There is a certain list of requirements for any type of seals:

Safety. The material must comply with established hygienic standards.
Insolubility.
Persistence - the filling should not wear out or shrink in volume.
Should solidify in a short time.
The material cannot change color, be painted.
Strength.

Types of materials for tooth filling

AT modern dentistry Various materials are used for dental fillings. Each of them has both advantages and disadvantages. Some materials are offered in free public clinics, while others have enough high cost. So, what are the main types of fillings? On the this moment there are three of them:

chemical;
photopolymer;
temporary.

Each of the types includes subspecies, depending on the substances that make up the material for filling the tooth.

cement fillings

These types of dental fillings are prepared, as a rule, from a powdered substance and liquid acid. As a result of mixing the components, a chemical reaction occurs, during which a pasty mixture is formed, which tends to harden after a certain period of time.

Cement fillings, in turn, are also divided into subgroups depending on the substances in the composition, namely:

zinc and phosphates;
silicates;
silicates and phosphates;
polycarbonates;
glass ionomers.

The first four types of fillings are chemical. And the latter can harden both under the influence of acid and with the help of light waves.

Cement fillings have the following advantages:

Low cost.
No need to use special devices during filling.
Simplicity in the technique of performing the installation process of the material.

They have such seals and significant disadvantages:

quickly lose their shape, volume;
need a long period of time for complete hardening;
over time or under the influence of external factors, they easily crack, crumble;
if the filling process is not carried out correctly, a healthy tooth can be chipped;
does not protect against the recurrence or spread of caries;
toxic.

To a greater or lesser extent, all subspecies of cement fillings, except for glass ionomers, have such disadvantages. This material is widely used in modern medicine including private clinics. This filling is non-toxic. Contains fluoride inclusion, which protects the tooth from further spread of carious areas. In addition, the material not only physically fills the space of the tooth, but also enters with the enamel into chemical reaction. Due to this process, the glass ionomer filling lasts for a long time.

metal materials

What are metal types dental fillings? These are the so-called amalgams - metal-based solutions that have the property of hardening. There are silver, gold and copper.

They are highly durable, they do not dissolve under the action of saliva. Despite this, in modern dentistry, such material is practically not used. What are the disadvantages? There are several of them:

to install such a seal, you need special professional equipment, which is not available in every clinic;
the metal slowly hardens;
the filling differs significantly from the natural color of the tooth;
possible development of caries;
cases of itching are often recorded, metallic taste in the oral cavity.

Plastic fillings

What fillings are used in modern dentistry? There are different types of fillings, so the doctor chooses those that will perform their function most effectively in a particular case. But experts recommend less and less plastic materials to their patients. Although just a few years ago, such a filling was an innovative alternative to metal. Why didn't plastic keep its high ranking among the popular materials for dental fillings?

The thing is that such a solution is quickly erased, shrinks in volume, changes color. In addition, often plastic fillings cause pronounced allergic reactions in the form of a rash, redness in the oral cavity. In addition, these materials are toxic.

Composites

A common type of fillings are composites. They include both organic and inorganic substances. hardens under the influence chemical processes, as well as under ultraviolet radiation.

The setting of composites requires the specialist to know the technology of preparing the tooth for this procedure. Since in case of violation of any processes, the quality and durability of the seal is significantly reduced.

The undoubted advantage is the presence of a wide color palette of such materials, which allows you to perform dental procedure and for aesthetic purposes.

Light seals

Often, thanks to advertising brochures, potential clients of a dental clinic first get acquainted with such a concept as photopolymers. What is it really? Everything is very simple - these are the same composites or glass ionomers that are installed using a special UV lamp. These types of fillings in dentistry are used more often than others.

Today it is difficult to find a clinic that does not offer such a service as photopolymerization. What are the advantages of these types of dental fillings?

Strength.
Plastic.
Aesthetics.
Easy to install.
Fast result.
Absence toxic substances in composition.

With the help of photopolymers, the restoration of the front teeth is carried out. The properties of the material allow you to "sculpt" the correct nice shape, after which it is absolutely painless to fix the result with the help of ultraviolet radiation. Thus, in just one appointment, you can perform the procedure on several teeth.

But it is quite difficult to fill distant teeth in this way - it is simply impossible to reach the necessary part of the oral cavity with a lamp.

Temporary materials

Often, a dentist needs to install a temporary filling for therapeutic purposes. The requirements for such a material are low: it must close the hole in the tooth for a period of several days to a week, after which such a filling could be easily removed.

Temporary fillings crack and fall out, shrink, so they are not installed for a long period.

Often these materials are added medications. Therefore, it is possible that bad taste or bad breath.

The types are as follows:

diagnostic;
intended for therapeutic treatment;
fillings for prosthetics.

What are children's teeth filled with?

Many parents do not even think about the fact that a child, like an adult, needs preventive examination dentist. Why treat your teeth if they will fall out soon anyway? In fact, the condition of permanent teeth directly depends on the health of milk teeth. Therefore, children need to fill their teeth as soon as there are indications for this procedure.

In this case, it is important to choose safe materials. In pediatric dentistry, fillings containing fluorine are used (in order to prevent further caries formation). It is much more convenient to use materials that harden under the influence of ultraviolet radiation - in the treatment of children, such fillings are most often used. Types of fillings that are very popular today in the nursery dental practice, are represented by glass ionomers and composites.

Colored children's fillings: what is it?

Multi-colored children's dental fillings have become a novelty in dental practice. The types of such materials are determined by the manufacturer.

Bright, plasticine-like fillings arouse genuine interest, thereby reducing the fear of the dentist in kids.

This material is also highly durable. In most cases, it lasts in children until the change of teeth. In addition, the colored filling is well polished, it is plastic, and its installation takes a short time.

Which fillings to choose? Types of seals required in each specific medical case should only be recommended by a specialist. Since it is necessary to professionally assess the situation, various factors and determine which material is best suited for a given patient.

Until the middle of the last century, the choice of filling material was small. Amalgams (compounds of metals with mercury) and phosphate and silicate cements were used for restoration. Later, acrylics appeared, followed by composite materials.

Later, glass ionomer cements were developed, which have not ceased to be used for permanent filling even now. They have not only universal properties:

non-toxicity;
biocompatibility;
high strength,

but also different consistency (powders, fluid composites).

Similar compositions are used for temporary fillings. The only difference is that the seal is not fixed thoroughly and can be easily removed. In each case, the doctor excludes the danger of microbial exposure from the outside. Medical pads are used to reduce the risk of secondary caries.

Basic filling materials

If we classify materials for filling according to their purpose, they can be divided into 4 main groups:

permanent - restore the shape of the tooth;
temporary - for closing carious cavity at the time of treatment);
gaskets (medical, insulating);
used for canal filling;

Materials for permanent fillings

A permanent filling must be strong and resistant to stress and saliva. These qualities correspond to:

cements;
metal-based materials;
plastics and polymers;
adhesives and sealants;
composites.

cements

Dental cements are a filling material consisting of powder and liquid.

When mixing the components, a homogeneous, plastic mass is formed, which, after curing, acquires a very strong structure. For each type, this freezing indicator is individual.

Some composite compounds, such as Citrix, begin to harden as early as two minutes after mixing, and therefore require certain work skills from the dentist.

There are several groups of cements, which are distinguished by their composition and, accordingly, by purpose.

Phosphate cements

Phosphate-based cements have many advantages, such as:

non-toxicity;
optimal coefficient of thermal expansion;
high insulating properties.

However, several characteristic flaws- solubility, shrinkage, low chemical and mechanical stability - make them enriched with additional components of antimicrobial action.

Polymer cements

Polymer cements have optimal properties for dentistry. They contain polyacrylic acid, which provides chemical adhesion (adhesion) of the filling to the tooth tissues.

According to their characteristics, they are similar to zinc-phosphate cements, but they have better biocompatibility, they are practically not subject to dissolution. Such cements are indispensable for restoration temporary teeth, as they do not require the installation of a gasket.

Glass ionomer filling materials

Glass ionomer cements represent a whole class of filling material that is gradually replacing zinc phosphate and zinc silicate systems.

It has its own classification:

for permanent filling (aesthetic, heavy-duty);
for gaskets, sealing (quick-hardening);
for filling root canals;
for fixation (used in prosthetics).

This material has excellent biocompatibility and chemical adhesion with tooth tissues. In the process of hardening, the reaction of fluorine release occurs, which causes the mineralization of tissues, contributes to the formation of an antibacterial environment.

Main representatives:

Filling of milk teeth

In pediatric dental practice, both phosphate cements and compomers are used as a permanent filling material - composites combined with glass ionomers.

Both have the ability to enrich tooth tissues with fluorine, but the latter are more resistant to destruction and have high aesthetic characteristics. Some dentists use chemical curing formulations with colored components to make children's fillings.

Root canal filling material

Root canal filling is complicated by the fact that the filling material is located in close proximity to internal tissues teeth. In this regard, there is a need for its "exceptional" properties:

do not dissolve in under the action of tissue fluid;
do not cause irritation;
have radiopacity (stand out on the x-ray);
easy to remove.

Gutta-percha has found wide application for obturation (clogging) of root canals. Gutta-percha pins have a standard conical shape and dimensions corresponding to a special tool (K-rimer), which allows to achieve the highest quality of endodontic manipulations.

For retrograde fillings, when a surgical incision is made behind the apex of the tooth root, glass ionomer cements are used. The use of other materials that are more complex in application technique is not advisable, since it will be impossible to achieve the desired tightness with them.

Price of filling materials

The abundance of filling materials does not allow to determine a clear price framework for this service. An example price list looks like this:

temporary filling - from 500 rubles;
filling with amalgam - from 1500 rubles;
light-cured - from 2500 to 5000 rubles;
composite - from 2700 rubles.

The use of one or another composition should be dictated not only by the cost framework, but also by other important points: the age of the patient, the extent of the loss of hard tissues, the function of the damaged tooth.

In order to combine all these requirements without compromising health, it is necessary to contact qualified dentists who own modern techniques for installing seals.