Act hib hemophilic infection. Akt hib: about the vaccine, vaccination instructions. Terms of dispensing from pharmacies
Dosage form:lyophilisate for solution preparation for intramuscular and subcutaneous injection complete with solvent sodium chloride solution 0.4%
Compound:1 dose of the vaccine contains:
| Polysaccharide haemophilus influenzae type of b | 10 mcg |
| Conjugated tetanus protein | 18-30 mcg |
| Excipients sucrose | 42.5 mg |
| Trometamol | 0.6 mg |
| Sodium chloride solvent solution 0.4% (0.5 ml) Sodium chloride | 2.0 mg |
| Water for injections | Up to 0.5 ml |
Akt-Hib vaccine complies with the requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia and the World Health Organization for conjugate vaccines for the prevention of infection caused by haemophilus influenzae type of b.
Description:The vaccine is a white homogeneous lyophilisate.
The solvent is a clear, colorless liquid.
The reconstituted solution is a clear, colorless liquid.
Pharmacotherapeutic group: MIBP - ATH vaccine:J.07.A.G Vaccine to prevent infections caused by Haemophilus influenza B
J.07.A.G.01 Haemophilus influenzae B antigen purified conjugated
Pharmacodynamics:Immunological properties
Act-Hib vaccine provides protection against invasive infections caused by haemophilus influenzae type of b. The cell capsule polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP)) elicits an anti-PRP serological response in humans. However, the nature of the immune response to polysaccharide antigens is not thymodependent and is characterized by the absence of the effect of revaccination after repeated injections and low immunogenicity in children. Covalent bond of the capsule polysaccharide haemophilus influenzae type of Kommersant with tetanus protein allows the conjugate to act as a thym-dependent antigen and induce a specific anti-PRP serological response in children with the formation of specific IgG immunoglobulins and memory cells. Study functional activity PRP-specific antibodies induced by a conjugate vaccine against infections caused by haemophilus influenzae type of b in infants and older children showed that they have bactericidal and opsonizing activity.
Immunogenicity studies in children vaccinated from the age of 2 months showed that after the third dose, all children had a PRP antibody titer ≥0.15 µg/ml, and about 90% had a titer ≥1 µg/ml. In infants under 6 months of age, vaccinated with three doses of vaccine against infections caused byhaemophilus influenzae type of b,revaccination after 8-12 months caused a significant increase in the average titer PRP antibodies.
Indications:Prevention of purulent-septic diseases (meningitis, sepsis, arthritis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, etc.) caused by haemophilus influenzae type of b(HIB infection) in children from three months of age.
Contraindications:Allergy to vaccine ingredients, especially tetanus toxoid and formaldehyde.
Allergic reaction to previous administration of a vaccine to prevent infection caused by haemophilus influenzae type of b(HIB infection).
A disease accompanied by an increase in body temperature, an acute infectious or chronic disease in the acute stage. Vaccination is carried out 2-4 weeks after recovery or during the period of convalescence or remission. For non-severe SARS, acute intestinal diseases and other vaccinations are carried out immediately after the temperature normalizes.
Pregnancy and lactation:Because the Act-Hib vaccine is used to vaccinate children, data on the effect of the drug on the course of pregnancy and breastfeeding are very limited. It is not known if the vaccine is excreted in breast milk.
Dosage and administration:Introduce the entire contents of the syringe with the solvent into the vial with the vaccine, shake the vial until the lyophilisate is completely dissolved. The resulting solution should be colorless and transparent.
The vaccine is administered intramuscularly or deep subcutaneously in a single dose of 0.5 ml immediately after preparation. Before insertion, make sure that the needle does not enter the blood vessel.
Children under 2 years of age:
the introduction of the vaccine is carried out in the upper outer surface of the middle part of the thigh.In children older than 2 years the introduction of the vaccine is carried out in the region of the deltoid muscle.
Vaccination course
When starting vaccination at 6 months of age: 3 injections of 0.5 ml with an interval of 1-2 months. Revaccination is carried out once a year after the 3rd vaccination.
When starting vaccination between 6 and 12 months of age: 2 injections with an interval of 1 month. Revaccination is carried out once at the age of 18 months.
When starting vaccination between 1 and 5 years of age: single injection.
In case of contact: if unvaccinated or unvaccinated full course vaccination, the child will come into contact with a patient with invasive form infections haemophilus influenzae type of b, Vaccination should be started or completed according to the age-appropriate schedule in combination with recommended chemoprophylaxis.
Side effects:In accordance with the recommendations of the National Calendar preventive vaccinations and the World Health Organization, the Act-Hib vaccine is used in combination with other vaccines administered simultaneously, for example, DTP vaccine with whole-cell or acellular pertussis component. As a result, the security profile medicinal product Akt-Khib corresponds to such a joint use with other vaccines.
The adverse events below are listed according to system organ class and frequency of occurrence. The frequency of occurrence was determined based on the following criteria: very often (≥1/10), often (≥ 1/100 to< 1/10), нечасто (≥ 1/1000 до < 1/100), редко (≥ 1/10000 до < 1/1000), очень редко < 1/10000), частота неизвестна (нельзя оценить по имеющимся данным).
Data clinical research
Approximately 7,000 healthy infants and children under 2 years of age who were vaccinated with Act-Hib in combination with DTP vaccine with a whole-cell or acellular pertussis component participated in clinical studies with active monitoring of adverse events.
In controlled studies where Act-Hib was used concomitantly with DTP, the frequency and type of subsequent systemic reactions did not differ from those observed after vaccination with DTP alone.
This section presents adverse events that may be related to the use of Akt-Hib vaccine and were observed after vaccination in clinical studies in more than 1% of participants (ie with a frequency of "common" and "very often"). All adverse events are grouped by frequency. They usually appeared within the first 6-24 hours after vaccination and were transient and mild to moderate in severity.
With subsequent vaccine injections as part of the primary immunization course, the frequency and severity of these adverse events did not increase.
The most common reactions following administration of Act-Hib were injection site reactions, fever, and irritability.
From the side of the psyche
Very common: irritability
Often or infrequently: prolonged or abnormal crying
From the gastrointestinal tract
Very common: vomiting
Often: fever (
≥ 38 °C)Uncommon: fever (≥ 39 °С)
Soreness, redness, swelling, and / or inflammation, induration at the injection site - from often to very often.
Post-registration data
Since spontaneous reports of adverse events with commercial application drugs were obtained very rarely and from a population with an indeterminate number of patients, their frequency was classified as "frequency unknown".
Immune System Disorders
Hypersensitivity reactions
Edema of the face, edema of the larynx (suggesting possible reaction hypersensitivity)
From the side of the nervous system
Febrile or afirritable convulsions
From the side respiratory system
In extremely preterm infants (born at or before 28 weeks of gestation), within 2-3 days after vaccination, there may be cases of lengthening of the time intervals between respiratory movements(see section " special instructions").
From the skin and subcutaneous tissues
Urticaria, rash, itching
General disorders and disorders at the injection site
Severe edema (≥ 5 cm) at the injection site, including swelling beyond one or both joints of one or both lower extremities(with a predominance of edema on the extremities where the vaccine was introduced). These reactions appeared 24-72 hours after the vaccine was administered and could be accompanied by cyanosis, redness, fever at the injection site, and severe crying. All symptoms resolved spontaneously within 24 hours without any residual effects.
Overdose:No data available.
Interaction:Act-Hib vaccine can be used simultaneously with other vaccines of the National Immunization Schedule and the Immunization Schedule according to epidemic indications subject to the use of different syringes and injection into different parts of the body.
With the exception of immunosuppressive therapy (see section "Special Instructions"), there is no reliable data on the possible mutual influence when used with other drugs, including other vaccines.
The reconstituted vaccine must not be mixed with other medicines or vaccines.
The doctor should be informed about the recent or coinciding with the vaccination introduction to the child of any other drug (including over-the-counter).
Special instructions:Act-Hib vaccine does not provide immunity against infection caused by other serotypes haemophilus influenzae, as well as against meningitis of a different etiology. The tetanus toxoid contained in the vaccine cannot be considered as a substitute for tetanus vaccination.
The physician must be informed of all cases adverse reactions including those not listed in this manual. Before each vaccination, in order to prevent possible allergic and other reactions, the doctor must clarify the state of health, the history of immunization, the history of the patient and close relatives (in particular, allergic), cases side effects to previous vaccine administrations. The physician must have medicines and tools necessary for the development of a hypersensitivity reaction.
The vaccinated should be observed within 30 minutes after vaccination. Immunosuppressive therapy or a state of immunodeficiency may cause a weak immune response to the vaccine. In these cases, it is recommended to postpone vaccination until the end of such therapy or remission of the disease. However, in individuals with chronic immunodeficiency (eg, HIV infection, asplenia, or sickle cell anemia), vaccination is recommended, even though the immune response may be weakened.
Potential risk the development of apnea and the need to monitor breathing for 48-72 hours should be considered when conducting primary course immunization in very preterm infants born at or before 28 weeks of gestation, especially those with a history of respiratory immaturity. Because the benefit of immunizing this group of children is high, vaccination should not be delayed or considered contraindicated.
Since the capsular polysaccharide antigen haemophilus influenzae type b is excreted through the kidneys, within 1-2 weeks after vaccination, urinalysis can be recorded positive test. During this period, other tests should be performed to confirm the diagnosis of infection caused by haemophilus influenzae type of b.
Influence on the ability to drive transport. cf. and fur.:Since the Act-Hib vaccine is used to vaccinate children, the effect of the drug on the ability to administer vehicles and engage in other potential dangerous species activity has not been studied.
Release form / dosage:Lyophilizate for preparation of a solution for intramuscular and subcutaneous administration, complete with sodium chloride solvent solution 0.4% 1 dose.
Package:1 dose of the vaccine in a vial and 0.5 ml of solvent in a syringe (with or without a fixed needle) in a closed cell package.
If the syringe does not have a fixed needle, then 2 separate sterile needles are put into the package.
1 closed cell pack with instructions for use in a cardboard box.
Storage conditions:Store in the refrigerator (at a temperature of 2 to 8 ° C). Do not freeze.
Keep out of the reach of children.
Best before date:Lyophilizate - 3 years.
Solvent - 5 years.
The expiration date of the lyophilisate complete with the solvent is determined by the expiration date of the component for which it occurs earlier.
Conditions for dispensing from pharmacies: On prescription Registration number: P N013850/01 Date of registration: InstructionsSelf-medication can be harmful to your health.
It is necessary to consult a doctor, and also read the instructions before use.
Act-hib: instructions for use
Compound
Lyophilizate:One dose of the vaccine contains:
Active substances:
Polysaccharide Haemophilus influenzae type b 10 mcg;
Conjugated tetanus protein 18-30 mcg,
Excipients:
Trometamol 0.6 mg;
Sucrose 42.5 mg;
Solvent (sodium chloride solution 0.4%)
0.5 ml of solvent contains:
Sodium chloride 2.0 mg;
Water for injection up to 0.5 ml
Description
The vaccine is a white homogeneous lyophilizate. The solvent is a clear, colorless liquid.Indications for use
Prevention of purulent-septic diseases (meningitis, sepsis, arthritis, epiglottitis, pneumonia) caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b ( Hib infections) in children from the age of three months.Contraindications
Allergy to vaccine ingredients, especially tetanus toxoid. - An allergic reaction to a previous administration of a vaccine to prevent infection caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB infection).1 - Acute diseases, exacerbation chronic diseases- Vaccinations are carried out in 2-4 weeks. after recovery (remission). In non-severe forms of respiratory and intestinal infections, vaccination can be carried out immediately after the temperature returns to normal.
Dosage and administration
Introduce the entire contents of the syringe with the solvent into the vial with the vaccine, shake the vial until the lyophilisate is completely dissolved. The resulting solution should be colorless and transparent.The vaccine is administered intramuscularly or deep subcutaneously in a single dose of 0.5 ml. Before insertion, make sure that the needle does not enter a blood vessel.
Children under the age of 2 years - the introduction of the vaccine is carried out in the middle third of the anterolateral region of the thigh.
In children older than 2 years - the introduction of the vaccine is carried out in the region of the deltoid muscle.
Vaccination course
At the beginning of vaccination before the age of 6 months: 3 injections with an interval of 1-2 months. Revaccination is carried out once a year after the “3rd X vaccination.
When starting vaccination between 6 and 12 months of age:
2 injections 1 month apart. Revaccination is carried out once at the age of 18 months.
At the beginning of vaccination at the age of 1 to 5 years: a single injection.
Side effect
In the course of clinical studies, it was noted:Usually (1-10% or more) local reactions: soreness, erythema, swelling and / or inflammation, induration at the injection site, irritability, vomiting.
Perhaps (no more than 10%) an increase in body temperature, prolonged crying.
Sometimes (no more than 1%) increase in body temperature above 39°C.
During practical application Based on data from passive pharmacovigilance, very rarely (less than 0.01% of cases of use) were noted:
- peripheral edema of the lower extremities (see section "Special Instructions") - hypersensitivity reactions, febrile or afebrile convulsions, urticaria, rash and itching.
In very premature babies (born at 28 weeks or earlier), within 2-3 days after vaccination, there may be cases of lengthening of the time intervals between respiratory movements (see section "Special Instructions"),
Application features
ACT-HIB does not form immunity against infection caused by other serotypes of Haemophilus influenzae, as well as against meningitis of a different etiology. The tetanus protein contained in the vaccine cannot be considered a substitute for tetanus vaccination.Immunosuppressive therapy or immunodeficiency conditions may cause a weak immune response to the vaccine,
Isolated cases of peripheral edema of the lower extremities occurred in children under the age of 4 months. after the 1st or 2nd injection of a vaccine containing the Hib component (71% of cases), more than half of the cases occurred within 6 hours. Such reactions developed with the introduction of the Hib component in combination vaccines (for example, against diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus ).
The edema extended to one or both lower extremities (with a predominance of edema in the extremity where the vaccine was introduced). These reactions may be accompanied by soreness, unusual or high-pitched crying, cyanosis or discoloration of the skin, redness, petechiae or transient purpura, fever, rash. These cases resolved on their own within 24 hours without any residual effects, they are not associated with any adverse events from the heart and respiratory system. The potential risk of developing apnea and the need to monitor breathing for 48-72 hours should be considered when conducting a primary course of immunization in very preterm infants born at or before 28 weeks of gestation, especially those with a history of respiratory immaturity. Because the benefit of immunizing this group of children is high, vaccination should not be delayed or considered contraindicated. INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS
ACT-HIB can be used simultaneously with other vaccines national calendar vaccinations and a calendar of preventive vaccinations according to epidemic indications, provided that different syringes are used and injected into different parts of the body.
Haemophilus influenzae is one of the most serious and underestimated threats to young children, which can lead to the most dire consequences, up to lethal outcome. effective protection from this insidious bacterium today is vaccination, which we will discuss below.
What is a hemophilic infection?
Haemophilus influenzae (HIB) infection is whole complex serious diseases, the causative agent of which is Haemophilus influenzae, or, as it is also called, Pfeiffer's wand. This microorganism is easily transmitted when a patient coughs or sneezes, through common household items (for example, toys, dishes, etc.), and in addition, it is present on the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx in about 10% of people.
The most common form of Hib infections is acute respiratory infections, however, in addition to this, there are quite a few big risk development the following diseases and states:
- Haemophilus pneumonia;
- Inflammation of the subcutaneous adipose tissue (purulent cellulitis);
- Inflammation of the epiglottis (epiglotitis), which is often accompanied by respiratory problems;
- Purulent meningitis;
- Infectious diseases of bones, blood, heart;
- Arthritis and sepsis (rarely encountered).
The main danger of HIB infections is that children under the age of five are most affected especially those that do not receive the necessary antibodies from mother's milk, visit children's institutions, etc. In addition, due to their structure, 80% of strains of hemophilic infection are resistant to traditional antibiotics, which makes the treatment of these diseases quite difficult.
As for the frequency serious complications after the transferred forms of the disease, it is approximately 40%. For example, meningitis, which was provoked by Haemophilus influenzae, is much more difficult than meningococcal, and the prognosis in this case is rather disappointing - in about 10-30% of cases given form disease leads to death.
Learn more about Haemophilus influenzae
Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae (HIB) infection
Until 2010, vaccination against hemophilic infection in the Russian Federation was not mandatory, but only a recommended measure, but at the end of 2010 it was included in the vaccination calendar at the legislative level. It should be noted that this is a normal practice for most developed countries, in which this preventive measure has been practiced for many years.
If, for any reason, the parents refuse to routine vaccinations, hemophilic vaccination is recommended for children who are at risk:
- Infants on artificial feeding;
- premature babies;
- Patients suffering from various immunodeficiencies;
- Children who often catch colds and have acute respiratory infections;
- Children with serious chronic diseases, whose body is not able to fight Hib infections at full strength;
- Those who attend or plan to attend preschools.
Mechanism of action of Hib vaccines
Hemophilus vaccine (or Hib vaccine) is a drug created on the basis of an inferior antigen (polysaccharide of the capsule of hemophilic bacteria), which has been combined (conjugated) with tetanus toxoid protein molecules. It was the conjugation of the HIB antigen with the protein that made it possible to solve several problems at once: firstly, to turn it into a full-fledged antigen that can form a stable immunity to the disease, and, secondly, to reduce the reactogenicity of vaccines and make them as safe as possible for the health of babies.
In addition, the vaccine against hemophilic infection has a so-called booster effect: that is, when it reintroduction the concentration of antibodies in the body not only increases, but grows exponentially.
Features of Hib vaccines
In total, there are three hemophilic vaccinations in Russia that can protect the body from hemophilic infection: the Hiberix and Akt-HIB monovaccines, which contain only Haemophilus influenzae antigens, as well as combination drug Pentaxim, which includes several vaccines at once, including hemophilic. Due to the ease of use, it is Pentaxim in recent times recommended for use in public maternity hospitals and clinics.
- Vaccine "Act-HIB". Manufacturer - Sanofi Pasteur Corporation, France. it oldest drug from Haemophilus influenzae in the world, which has already proven its effectiveness in reducing the incidence of Hib infections in many countries. The main advantage of Act-HIB is that it is able to form strong immunity in babies from 6 to 12 months, when Haemophilus influenzae poses a particular danger to the body.
- Vaccine "Hiberix". Manufacturer - GlaxoSmithKline, Belgium. "Hiberix" is an analogue of "Act-HIB", and has a similar mechanism of action. True, the experience of using this drug on the territory of the Russian Federation is relatively small, so it is rather difficult to talk about its disadvantages and advantages.
- Vaccine "Pentaxim". Manufacturer - Sanofi Pasteur Corporation, France. A multicomponent vaccine that protects the body from five infections at once: DTP + hemophilic infection. Nowadays, it is widely used in both public and private medical institutions, however, due to the presence of the pertussis component, this vaccine is considered quite reactogenic, that is, it may cause some side effects.
How and where is the hemophilus vaccine administered?
Infants under two years of age are vaccinated against hemophilus infection in the front of the thigh, and older babies - in the shoulder, or rather, in the deltoid muscle region. Hib vaccines can be combined with other vaccines: for example, they are often given on the same day as DTP vaccination. Such a complex introduction allows minimizing the number of adverse reactions from the immune system.
Haemophilus influenzae vaccination schedules
Haemophilus influenzae vaccination is desirable to be carried out as early as possible, and there are several vaccination schemes for this. Standard scheme as follows:
- I dose of the vaccine - 3 months;
- II dose - 4.5 months;
- III dose - 6 months;
- Revaccination - upon reaching one year old(usually at 18 months).
In addition, there are alternative schedules that depend on the age at which the first dose of the vaccine is given to the child. Up to 6 months, children are given 3 injections with a break of 1-2 months, and revaccination is carried out a year later.
If the first vaccination is given in the period from six months to a year, then 2 injections are given with a 30-day break, and after a year - 1 injection. Finally, children after five years of age are not vaccinated with Hib drugs - it is believed that they already have a fairly strong immunity.
Complications and side effects from vaccination
Usually hemophilic vaccines are quite easily tolerated by vaccinated people of all ages, however, in some cases, complications may develop after hemophilic vaccination of local and general. These include:
- Redness, swelling, swelling and discomfort at the injection site (about 9% of those vaccinated);
- Fever, tearfulness, general malaise(1% vaccinated);
- Enlarged lymph nodes;
- Digestive disorder.
It is impossible to get sick with one of the forms of hemophilic infection after immunization, since it does not contain living microorganisms and bacteria.
There is evidence that after the injection, the child may experience different reactions allergic nature(vomiting, urticaria, convulsions, temperature above 40 o), however similar situations rarely occur. It should be noted that it is not the antigen of the bacterium contained in hemophilic vaccines that causes side effects and complications, but tetanus toxoid, which is also part of them. That is, people who are allergic to tetanus vaccine may experience allergic reactions and hemophilic vaccines.
In any case, parents should carefully monitor the condition of the baby after vaccination, and if any non-specific symptoms show it to the doctor immediately. Also, within half an hour after the procedure, the child should be under the supervision of qualified specialists.
It is very important to remember that if immunization is carried out complex vaccine"Pentaksim", then the list of side effects and contraindications can be somewhat expanded, since in addition to the Hib component, this drug contains four more different antigens.
About actions after vaccination aimed at reducing the risk occurrence of complications,
Efficacy of Hib vaccines
The effectiveness of modern Hib vaccines is quite high: for example, in developed countries, where routine immunization of the population against this infection has been carried out for a long time, the number of cases has decreased by 85-95%. In addition, this preventive measure can reduce the level of carriage of this bacterium from 40 to 3%.
Immune response to haemophilus influenzae vaccination
An adequate immune response to the hemophilic vaccine is present in almost 100% of those vaccinated, and only in isolated cases (for example, when taking immunosuppressive drugs), the body's response may be insufficient.
How long does post-vaccination immunity last?
Strong immunity to the disease is formed within two weeks after the introduction of the Hib vaccine (on average, 10-15 days). In 95% of those vaccinated, it persists for 5 years, therefore, after a double injection of the drug, the child is already quite well protected from hemophilic infection.
Preparing for the Hib Vaccine
Preparation for vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae is no different from preparation for other similar preventive measures: the vaccinated person must be examined by a neonatologist or pediatrician, and, if necessary, by other specialists, in particular, by a neurologist. The point is that it is in children with neurological disorders most often complications on various vaccines are noted.
About general rules vaccination training
Contraindications for Haemophilus influenzae vaccination
There are relatively few contraindications for hemophilic vaccination; in particular, The permanent list includes the following:
- Severe allergic reactions to the administration of the hemophilic vaccine in history;
- Individual intolerance to tetanus toxoid and other components of the drug.
Relative contraindications (when vaccination is recommended to be postponed) are acute infectious diseases, as well as exacerbations of any chronic ailments. In this case, the injection should be done when the child's condition is completely stabilized.
Video - “Hemophilus infection, meningitis. Dr. Komarovsky"
Have you and your child had a positive or negative experience with the Haemophilus influenzae vaccination? Share in the comments below.
Akt Hib is a polysaccharide conjugate vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b.
Composition, release form and analogues
Akt Hib is available in the form of a lyophilisate for the preparation of a solution for subcutaneous and intramuscular injections along with the solvent. 1 dose of the vaccine contains:
- 10 micrograms of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide and 18-30 micrograms of conjugated tetanus protein (active ingredients);
- 0.6 mg trometamol, 42.5 mg sucrose (excipients);
0.5 ml of solvent (0.4% sodium chloride solution) contains 2 mg of sodium chloride and up to 0.5 ml of water for injection.
Vaccine Act Hib is a white homogeneous lyophilisate, and the solvent is produced in the form of a colorless clear liquid. One cell pack contains a vial with 1 dose of vaccine and 0.5 ml of diluent in a syringe with a fixed needle. In the case when the needle is not attached to the syringe, 2 separate sterile needles are included in the package.
The main analogue of the Act Hib vaccine is Belgian-made Hiberix.
Pharmacological action Akt Hib
Act Hib is out of the calendar mandatory vaccinations, however, experts strongly recommend the introduction of this vaccine due to the high prevalence of infections with the pathogen Haemophilus influenzae type b. It refers to bacteria of the opportunistic type, which, with a weakened immune system in a child, provoke the following diseases:
- SARS;
- Otitis;
- Meningitis;
- Bronchitis;
- Arthritis;
- Otitis;
- Sepsis;
- Pneumonia;
- Epiglottitis.
The Act Hib vaccine is intended for the prevention of purulent-septic diseases caused by the pathogen Haemophilus influenzae type b. It develops specific resistance to this pathogen and promotes the production of antibodies. As a result, B-lymphocytes are activated by stimulated T-lymphocytes through lymphokines (mediators of immunity). This is the reason for the immunostimulating effect of Act Hib.
It is important to note that in the case of repeated vaccinations, a pronounced booster effect is observed. It is evidence of the formation of immunological memory acquired as a result of the primary injection.
Indications for use Act Hib
Indications for the use of the vaccine, according to the instructions for Act Hib, are various purulent inflammatory processes and diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. Injections are allowed for children aged 3 months to 5 years.
Contraindications
According to the instructions for Act Hib, this vaccine is contraindicated in case of individual intolerance to its components, in particular to tetanus toxoid. In addition, if a child has acute illness or in cases of exacerbation of existing chronic disease vaccination should be postponed. It is recommended to inject in such situations only after 2 or even 4 weeks after the complete recovery of the child.
Also, the instruction to Act Hib warns that mild forms respiratory infection or intestinal infections are also reasons to delay vaccination. It can be carried out only after the normalization of the body temperature of the baby.
It should be added that Act Hib does not form immunity to meningitis of a different origin and to other types of the pathogen Haemophilus influenzae. Also, the tetanus protein in this vaccine cannot be used as a substitute for childhood tetanus shots.
According to Act Hib reviews, children who are undergoing immunosuppressive therapy or who are immunocompromised have a weak immune response to the vaccine.
How to use Act Hib
According to the instructions for Act Hib, before use, it is necessary to dissolve the lyophilisate with a syringe filled with a solvent and shake thoroughly until the suspension is completely dissolved. The resulting liquid may have a whitish tint or be slightly cloudy. The vaccine is administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly in a single dose of 0.5 ml. Before the injection, it is necessary to check whether the needle has penetrated into the blood vessel, since Act Hib cannot be used intravenously.
The introduction of the vaccine to children under the age of two years is done in the anterolateral region of the thigh (in the middle third), and after two years - in the deltoid muscle.
If vaccination begins to be given to a child up to six months, then 3 injections are carried out with an interval of 1-2 months. Revaccination can be carried out only 1 time a year after the third vaccination.
If vaccination begins to be given to a child from six months to a year, then 2 injections are carried out with an interval of 1 month. Revaccination can be carried out only 1 time at the age of one and a half years.
At the beginning of Act Hib vaccination at the age of one to 5 years, a single injection is performed.
Side effects
According to Act Hib reviews, after the introduction of the vaccine, in some cases, side effects may be observed in the form pain, redness, swelling and induration at the injection site.
In addition, the vaccine can also provoke:
- Edema of the lower extremities;
- Rash;
- transient purpura;
- Febrile or afebrile seizures;
- vomiting;
- Irritability and prolonged crying;
- Urticaria;
- Temperature increase over 39 °C.
Such side effects occur in most cases when Act Hib is administered as part of combination vaccines, for example, against tetanus, diphtheria and whooping cough. They, as a rule, pass without residual effects on their own within a day.
Some reviews of Act Hib indicate that the vaccine may cause an increase in the interval between respiratory movements in premature babies (born at 28 weeks and earlier).
Drug Interactions Act Hib
It is allowed to use Act Hib simultaneously with other vaccines of the preventive vaccination schedule, subject to two main conditions: the introduction must be carried out in different parts of the body and using different syringes.
The introduction of any, including over-the-counter, drug or vaccine that coincides with the timing of Act Hib vaccination or has recently taken place before it, must be reported to the doctor.
Storage conditions
Akt Hib vaccine should be stored at 2-8°C in the refrigerator. The shelf life is 3 years.
act hib- a vaccine designed to prevent diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B (Haemophilus influenzae). It should be noted that this microorganism is the causative agent of such a serious pathology as: meningitis, encephalitis, postoperative septic complications, purulent arthritis, and so on. For those who will use this drug useful to know more about it. What is the Act Hib vaccine, what does the instruction tell about it?
Composition and form of release
The drug is produced in vials, which are completed with a syringe and a solvent. Each such container contains the following substances: hemophilus polysaccharide, conjugated tetanus protein. Also excipients: trometamol, sucrose, sodium chloride.
The conjugate vaccine is a white, completely homogeneous lyophilisate, the solvent is presented as a colorless liquid. The drug is sold in pharmacies, the sale is carried out only by prescription.
pharmachologic effect
The principle of operation of most vaccines is, by and large, the same, a weakened pathogen of a disease is introduced into the human body, which, when normal conditions unable to cause the development of the disease. This is done so that our the immune system, in response to the introduction of a foreign agent, has developed specific antibodies that have a detrimental effect on pathogenic bacteria.
In this case, when a pathogenic pathogen enters the body, the body will already be prepared for this, and will provide a foreign agent worthy rebuff, and he will not be able to exert his detrimental effect. As a result, the disease will not develop. Here, in fact, and all the main pharmachologic effect this vaccine.
It should be noted that each vaccine is specific, and is intended for the prevention of some certain disease. Immunity to this disease can be both persistent, lifelong, and limited in time.
In immunodeficient states, as well as during immunosuppressive therapy, a weak response to the vaccine is possible. This should be remembered.
About the dosage and how the Act Hib Vaccination is applied
First, the lyophilisate must be diluted with a solvent in the syringe that comes with the vaccine. Further, with the help of light shaking, you need to thoroughly stir the product until a homogeneous, absolutely transparent solution is obtained.
The vaccine is administered intramuscularly or deep subcutaneously. For children under 2 years of age, it is administered middle part hips, and in older age groups, the injection is carried out in the region of the deltoid muscle.
Vaccination is carried out following scheme: children under 6 months require 3 injections, and an interval of 1 - 2 months. Revaccination is carried out once, about a year later.
Children aged 6 months to 1 year are vaccinated with 2 injections 1 month apart. Revaccination is performed at the age of one and a half years.
Children over the age of one year are vaccinated once, by injecting the agent into the area of the deltoid muscle. Revaccination at this age is not carried out.
Indications for use
Vaccination is carried out for preventive measures, in order to prevent the occurrence of diseases caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B. The abbreviation HIB is precisely formed by the first letters of Haemophilus influenzae B.
special instructions
The vaccine must not be frozen. It should be stored at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees. The duration of storage should not exceed 3 years, after which the vials with the drug should be disposed of.
Contraindications for use
Vaccination is unacceptable in the presence of the following conditions:
Any infectious disease in acute period;
Fever of any origin;
Exacerbation of chronic diseases;
Individual intolerance to any component of the vaccine.
Side effects
About the side effects that the Act Hib vaccine gives, the instruction says this: when the vaccine is administered in rare cases there are undesirable manifestations of the introduction of the drug. As a rule, in 10% of the case, quite pronounced redness and swelling appear at the injection site. In this case, the child may become overly irritable, whiny, in rare cases, vomiting may even occur.
In about 10% of cases, fever may appear, up to 39 degrees, pronounced arousal of the child, prolonged crying.
Even less often, allergic reactions occur, expressed in the appearance of edema of the lower extremities, small rash on the body like urticaria. Possible seizures or other pathological manifestations from the central nervous system.
As a rule, no special specific measures are required when side effects appear. Redness, swelling and fever go away on their own in about a day. In rare cases, hospitalization may be required to determine the cause of side effects.
Analogues
In the presence of special circumstances, Act-HIB can be replaced by the Hiberix vaccine. The prerogative of determining the need for such a replacement is entirely in the hands of a pediatrician.
Conclusion
Of course, mandatory vaccination should be carried out, although this has many opponents, including among professionals. Prophylactic administration Act-hib remedies can prevent the appearance of very formidable infectious diseases.
Therefore, it is imperative for parents to carefully observe the recommended timing of preventive measures by regularly visiting medical institutions.
