Types of breathing, frequency and depth, nature of respiratory movements. Breath

Respiration (respiratio) is a set of processes that ensure the entry of atmospheric oxygen into the body, its use in biological oxidation reactions, as well as the removal of carbon dioxide formed in the process of metabolism from the body. Reflex irritation of the respiratory center occurs with an increase in the content of carbon dioxide in the blood.

There are several stages of respiration: 1. External respiration - the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the alveoli. 2. Exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood of the pulmonary capillaries. 3. Transport of gases by blood - the process of transferring O2 from the lungs to the tissues and CO2 from the tissues to the lungs. 4. O2 and CO2 exchange between capillary blood and body tissue cells. 5. Internal, or tissue, respiration - biological oxidation in the mitochondria of the cell. There are several stages of respiration: 1. External respiration - the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the alveoli. 2. Exchange of gases between the alveoli and the blood of the pulmonary capillaries. 3. Transport of gases by blood - the process of transferring O2 from the lungs to the tissues and CO2 from the tissues to the lungs. 4. O2 and CO2 exchange between capillary blood and body tissue cells. 5. Internal, or tissue, respiration - biological oxidation in the mitochondria of the cell.

In a healthy adult, the rate of respiratory movements at rest is 1620 per minute. NPV (Respiratory Rate) depends on: 1. Gender: Women have 2-4 breaths more than men; 2.From body position; 3. From the state of the nervous system; 4.From age; 5.From body temperature; With an increase in body temperature by 1 ° C, breathing quickens by an average of 4 respiratory movements. 1. From gender: Women have 2-4 breaths more than men; 2.From body position; 3. From the state of the nervous system; 4.From age; 5.From body temperature; With an increase in body temperature by 1 ° C, breathing quickens by an average of 4 respiratory movements. Breathing monitoring must be carried out imperceptibly for the patient, since he can involuntarily change the respiratory rate, rhythm, and depth of breathing. ATTENTION!

Distinguish between shallow and deep breathing. Shallow breathing may be inaudible at a distance or slightly audible. It is often combined with pathological rapid breathing. Deep breathing, heard at a distance, is most often associated with a pathological decrease in breathing.

Physiological types of breathing include thoracic, abdominal and mixed type. In women, chest type of breathing is more often observed, in men, abdominal. With a mixed type of breathing, there is a uniform expansion of the chest, all parts of the lung in all directions.

It is desirable that the ward before the test was not excited about something, did not eat, was not subjected to physical activity. For "one breath" consider the inhalation-exhalation. The calculation is carried out without informing the patient about the study of respiratory rate in order to prevent arbitrary changes in breathing. It is desirable that the ward before the test was not excited about something, did not eat, was not subjected to physical activity. For "one breath" consider the inhalation-exhalation. The calculation is carried out without informing the patient about the study of respiratory rate in order to prevent arbitrary changes in breathing. It is convenient to count the respiratory rate when the patient is lying on his back and the upper part of his chest or epigastric region is visible (with abdominal breathing) Take the patient’s hand as if to study the pulse, count the number of breaths per minute, using a stopwatch, simulating the study of the pulse Assess the frequency of the patient’s respiratory movements . Follow the movements (raising and lowering) of the chest or abdominal wall: how high the chest rises, whether the inhalations and exhalations are the same, whether the pauses between them are equal. At the end of the procedure, conduct data registration to ensure continuity in work and control of respiratory rate. It is convenient to count the respiratory rate when the patient is lying on his back and the upper part of his chest or epigastric region is visible (with abdominal breathing) Take the patient’s hand as if to study the pulse, count the number of breaths per minute, using a stopwatch, simulating the study of the pulse Assess the frequency of the patient’s respiratory movements . Follow the movements (raising and lowering) of the chest or abdominal wall: how high the chest rises, whether the inhalations and exhalations are the same, whether the pauses between them are equal. At the end of the procedure, conduct data registration to ensure continuity in work and control of respiratory rate.

Pathological types of breathing. For a patient with a heart or lung disease, a sharp increase in breathing is a sign of a complication or worsening of the condition. Rare breathing (less than 12 breaths per minute) is a sign of a threat to life. If shallow and excessively frequent breathing occurs with noise, sometimes gurgling, this indicates an incorrect gas exchange in the lungs. In asthma, wheezing, in bronchitis with wheezing. For a patient with a heart or lung disease, a sharp increase in breathing is a sign of a complication or worsening of the condition. Rare breathing (less than 12 breaths per minute) is a sign of a threat to life. If shallow and excessively frequent breathing occurs with noise, sometimes gurgling, this indicates an incorrect gas exchange in the lungs. In asthma, wheezing, in bronchitis with wheezing.

Large Kussmaul breathing rare, deep breathing with a loud noise, observed with a deep coma (prolonged loss of consciousness); Biott's breathing is periodic breathing, in which there is a correct alternation of the period of superficial respiratory movements and pauses, equal in duration (from several seconds to a minute);

Cheyne-Stokes respiration is characterized by a period of increase in the frequency and depth of respiration, which reaches a maximum at the 57th breath, followed by a period of decrease in the frequency and depth of respiration and another long pause, equal in duration (from several seconds to 1 minute). During a pause, patients are poorly oriented in the environment or lose consciousness, which is restored when breathing movements are resumed (with severe damage to the brain, kidneys, and heart vessels).

"Medical art consists of the amount of knowledge necessary to understand the causes and pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases, from clinical experience, intuition and a set of qualities that together make up the so-called "clinical thinking".

Breathing is a physiological marker of the state of our body. As adults, we do not pay much attention to it, it is another matter if it is a child or a newborn baby.

Any child is subject to difficulties inherent in his age. Runny nose, colds, bronchopulmonary diseases at this age often develop imperceptibly, because the baby often cannot tell that something is bothering him or hurting somewhere.

However, many diseases can be detected even in the early stages, if you pay attention to the baby's breathing.

Features of the process in children

In infancy and childhood, almost all body systems differ markedly from those of an adult.

At the birth of a baby, his lungs and chest have different proportions than in an adult. The chest of an infant grows faster than the lungs, and only in an adult does it acquire the size at which fully expanded lungs fit in a relaxed chest.

In children, the lungs do not fully expand even when the chest is fully lifted on inspiration. In order for the child's body to receive the required rate of oxygen, the body is forced to breathe at an increased frequency. Therefore, the respiratory rate in newborns is the highest among all age groups.

Another feature of the breathing of babies: about 70% of them until the age of 3-6 weeks breathe only through the nose. And only 30% immediately breathe through the nose and mouth. This does not mean that children who breathe through their nose cannot breathe through their mouths, just that they do not do so in their normal, calm state.

In the first months of a baby's life, his nasal passages are anatomically narrow, and the mucous surfaces of the respiratory tract are supplied with blood to a much greater extent than in adults. This property of the mucosa is very useful for the baby, because it allows cold and dry air to enter the lungs already warmed and moistened, cleaned of dust and harmful microbes.

But besides the advantages, breathing through the nose has its drawbacks. The narrowness of the nasal passages with inflammation, swelling of the mucous membranes or nasal congestion does not allow the child to take a full breath. Any speck that gets into the nose can provoke sneezing and accumulation of mucus. The baby's breathing becomes difficult, becomes superficial and frequent, his sleep and feeding are disturbed. The baby becomes restless, begins to scream, thereby ensuring that the right amount of air enters the lungs.

The work of the pulmonary system of a newborn largely depends on the work of his diaphragm. This muscle separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity and, due to its contractions, ensures the respiratory movements of the lungs. Therefore, problems with the gastrointestinal tract, as well as tight swaddling of the baby, which limits the mobility of his diaphragm, affect the frequency of his respiratory movements.

At an older age, children already breathe largely due to the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles.

Sometimes infants have a type of breathing in which regular breaths alternate with irregular ones. This is normal for this age.

Unusual infant breathing should not be cause for alarm in itself. Shallow, jerky breaths with wheezing or an unstable rhythm are quite common, although they are somewhat of a deviation.

Normal frequency

Knowing the indicators of the child's breathing rate, parents can pay closer attention to his health. The rate of breathing in children gradually decreases by age, as the baby grows.

Below is a table showing what breathing rate in children of different ages is the norm.

For comparison, in adults, the rate of breathing is approximately 12-20 breaths per minute.

If the child's breathing rate falls within the range noted above, there is no reason to worry. If breathing becomes more frequent, this may be an indication of problems and is the reason for an immediate visit to the doctor.

Possible causes of respiratory problems:

1. 1. Infection;
2. 2. Respiratory distress syndrome;
3. 3. Transient tachypnea of ​​newborns;
4. 4. Other problems (pneumonia, lung malformation, etc.).

Dependence on body temperature

Studies show that the heart rate in children aged 2 months and older increases by approximately 10 beats per minute for every degree Celsius increase in body temperature. In children under 2 months, this does not occur due to insufficient activation of the regulators of the nervous system for an adequate response to elevated temperature.

Elevated temperature stimulates the respiratory muscles and causes increased work of the pulmonary system. Frequent inhalations-exhalations allow heat to be more actively removed through pulmonary gas exchange.

The respiratory rate of children under 12 months of age increases by 7-11 breaths per minute for every degree Celsius increase in body temperature. For children under 2 years old, this figure is reduced and is already 5-7 breaths per minute per 1 degree Celsius.

It should be noted that body temperature has a moderate, albeit significant, effect on respiratory status, regardless of age group. The use of the data obtained in clinical practice is limited, since the nature of the relationship between respiratory rate and body temperature is not linear.

One of the actions carried out during the examination by a pediatrician is the counting of respiratory movements. This seemingly simple indicator carries important information about the state of health in general and about the functioning of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems in particular.

How to correctly calculate the frequency of respiratory movements (RR) per minute? This is not particularly difficult. However, there are some difficulties in interpreting the data. This is more true for young parents, because, having received a result from a child that is several times higher than their own, they panic. Therefore, in this article, we still propose to figure out what is the norm of NPV in children. The table will help us with this.

Features of the child's respiratory system

The first thing that the expectant mother has been waiting for so long is the first cry of the baby. It is with this sound that his first breath occurs. By the time of birth, the organs that ensure the respiration of the child are not yet fully developed, and only with the growth of the organism itself do they mature (both functionally and morphologically).

The nasal passages (which are the upper respiratory tract) in newborns have their own characteristics:
. They are quite narrow.
. Relatively short.
. Their inner surface is tender, with a huge number of vessels (blood, lymph).

Therefore, even with minor nasal mucosa in a child, it quickly swells, and the small lumen decreases, as a result, breathing becomes difficult, shortness of breath develops: young children cannot yet breathe through their mouths. The younger the child, the more dangerous the consequences can be, and the faster it is necessary to eliminate the pathological condition.

Lung tissue in young children also has its own characteristics. They, unlike adults, have poorly developed lung tissue, and the lungs themselves have a small volume with a huge number of blood vessels.

Rules for counting the respiratory rate

Measuring the respiratory rate does not require any special skills or equipment. All you need is a stopwatch (or a clock with a second hand) and following some simple rules.

The person should be in a calm state and in a comfortable position. If we are talking about children, especially at an early age, then the calculation of respiratory movements is best done in a dream. If this is not possible, the subject should be distracted from the manipulation as much as possible. To do this, it is enough to take hold of the wrist (where the pulse is usually determined) and in the meantime count the respiratory rate. It should be noted that the pulse in children under one year old (about 130-125 beats per minute) should not cause concern - this is the norm.

In infants, it is strongly recommended to count the respiratory rate during sleep, since crying can significantly affect the result and give obviously false numbers. By placing your hand on the anterior abdominal wall (or just visually), you can easily conduct this study.

Given that breathing has its own rhythmic cycle, it is necessary to observe the duration of its calculation. Be sure to measure the respiratory rate for a full minute, and not multiply the result obtained in just 15 seconds by four. It is recommended to carry out three counts and calculate the average value.

Norm of respiratory rate in children

The table shows the norms of the frequency of respiratory movements. Data are presented for children of different age groups.

As you can see from the table, the frequency of respiratory movements per minute is higher, the younger the child. Gradually, as they grow older, their number decreases, and by the pubertal period, when the child is 14-15 years old, the respiratory rate becomes equal to this indicator in an adult healthy person. No gender differences are observed.

Breath types

There are three main types of breathing in both adults and children: thoracic, abdominal, and mixed.

The chest type is more characteristic of the female representative. With it, inhalation / exhalation is provided to a greater extent due to the movements of the chest. The disadvantage of this type of respiratory movements is poor ventilation of the lower parts of the lung tissue. Whereas in the abdominal type, when the diaphragm is more involved (and the anterior abdominal wall visually moves during breathing), the upper sections of the lungs experience a lack of ventilation. This type of respiratory movements is more typical for men.

But with a mixed type of breathing, a uniform (equal) expansion of the chest occurs with an increase in the volume of its cavity in all four directions (upper-lower, lateral). This is the most correct one that provides optimal ventilation of the entire lung tissue.

Normally, the respiratory rate in a healthy adult is 16-21 per minute, in newborns - up to 60 per minute. Above, the rate of respiratory rate in children is given in more detail (table with age norms).

Rapid breathing

The first sign of damage to the respiratory system, especially in infectious diseases, is. At the same time, there will certainly be other signs of a cold (cough, runny nose, wheezing, etc.). Quite often, with an increase in body temperature, the respiratory rate increases and the pulse quickens in children.

Holding your breath during sleep

Quite often, in young children (especially infants) in a dream, there are short-term respiratory arrests in duration. This is a physiological feature. But if you notice that such episodes become more frequent, their duration becomes longer, or other symptoms occur, such as blue lips or loss of consciousness, you should immediately call an ambulance to prevent irreversible consequences.

Conclusion

The respiratory organs have a number of features that contribute to their frequent damage and rapid decompensation of the condition. This is primarily due to their immaturity at the time of birth, certain anatomical and physiological features, incomplete differentiation of the structures of the central nervous system and their direct effect on the respiratory center and respiratory organs.
The younger the child, the less lung capacity he has, so, therefore, he will need to make more respiratory movements (inhalation / exhalation) in order to provide the body with the necessary amount of oxygen.

Summing up

It should be remembered that in children of the first months of life, respiratory arrhythmia is quite common. Most often, this is not a pathological condition, but only indicates age-related features.

So, now you know what the rate of NPV in children is. The table of averages should be taken into account, but small deviations should not be panicked. And be sure to check with your doctor before jumping to conclusions!

Not only the pulse, temperature and blood pressure can tell a lot about the condition of the child. The frequency of respiratory movements is also considered a very informative indicator. We will talk about how to learn how to measure it, and what frequency is considered the norm, in this article.

What it is?

Such a biomarker as the frequency of respiratory movements has been known since ancient times. The healers of the ancient world noticed that this indicator changes in a sick person. Today, NPV (respiratory frequency) does not lose its relevance in the diagnosis of a wide variety of childhood and adult diseases. For one movement it is considered to be one series of "inhale-exhale". The number of such movements for a specific period of time is estimated - usually it is 1 minute.

It should be noted that The NPV in children is not at all similar to that in adults. Children, due to anatomical features, breathe a little differently - their breathing is shallow, superficial, the frequency of inhalations and exhalations is much higher. The oxygen needs of a growing child's body are extremely high, and the volume of the lungs and the size of the chest are small. That is why the baby needs intensive breathing.

However, there are certain norms for different ages. And the excess of the respiratory rate in excess of these norms may indicate that the child has oxygen starvation (hypoxia). Rapid breathing accompanies a wide variety of pathologies in children.

Why measure?

The frequency of respiratory movements, coupled with the determination of the heart rate and the type of breathing, is of paramount diagnostic importance when examining a newborn and infant. Such children cannot tell their parents what exactly worries them, and only by the NPV indicators can one understand that something is wrong with the baby. Most of the diseases that are accompanied by rapid breathing in children are successfully treated. with timely treatment and provision of proper medical care. The pediatrician, of course, will pay attention to the child's respiratory rate at each scheduled visit to the clinic.

The rest of the time, parents are on guard for children's health, it is they who need to be able to distinguish between normal breathing and abnormal breathing.

It is not difficult to do this, the frequency of respiratory movements is a parameter that any mother, any father and grandmother of a baby can independently determine. The main thing is to do everything correctly and correctly evaluate the results.

How to measure?

If parents think that the child is breathing too fast, the respiratory rate should be measured. It is best to do this when the child is calm, for example, in a dream. When the baby is awake, playing, experiencing something, experiencing emotions, breathing becomes more frequent, and this is quite natural.

Mom should put her hand on the chest or stomach of the child. The choice of measurement site is very important, as it determines the type of breathing of the baby. In infants and children up to 4-5 years, diaphragmatic breathing prevails (the child breathes with the stomach, the peritoneum methodically rises on inspiration, and falls on exit).

At the age of 4, the development of a new way for the baby to breathe begins - chest breathing (when, when inhaling and exhaling, the chest rises and falls). By the age of 10, a child develops the type that is more characteristic of him by gender. Boys usually have abdominal breathing, while girls usually have diaphragmatic breathing. Thus, determining the place where to put your hand is very simple - must be based on the age of the child.

The calculation algorithm is quite simple. Within 1 minute count the episodes of "inhale-exhale". One series of such movements counts as one breath. It is a big mistake to measure your breath for 30 seconds, then to multiply the resulting number by two. Breathing is not as rhythmic as, for example, the pulse, and therefore such a simplified method for measuring the respiratory rate is not suitable. Parents will spend another minute measuring the heart rate (pulse) and it will be possible to assess the condition of the child, starting from age norms.

For measurement, an electronic clock, stopwatch or clock with an arrow is useful.

Norms

There are a lot of tables on the Internet, according to which it is proposed to compare the data obtained as a result of measuring the child's respiratory rate with the norms. It is difficult to assess the veracity of each. Pediatricians try to stick to the data published in Berkowitz's Pediatrics: A Primary Care Approach. They are officially recognized:

1. Newborns. The respiratory rate is 30-60 times per minute. Pulse - from 100 to 160.
2. Children at 6 months. The respiratory rate is 25-40 times per minute. Pulse - from 90 to 120.
3. Children at 1 year old. The respiratory rate is 20-40 times per minute. Pulse - from 90 to 120.
4. Children at 3 years old. The respiratory rate is 20-30 times per minute. Pulse - from 80 to 120.
5. Children at 6 years old. The respiratory rate is 12-25 times per minute. Pulse - from 70 to 110.
6. Children at 10 years old. The respiratory rate is 12-20 times per minute. Pulse - from 60 to 90.

Attentive parents will be able to notice any deviation from the individual children's norm. We are talking about the frequency at which the child usually breathes, because one baby has 40 breaths in 60 seconds, and another baby at the same age has only 25. It is clear that in the second case, an increase in frequency to 40-45 will be be considered a violation, and in the first, in crumbs with frequent breathing from birth, the same indicators will be the norm. Parents should not ignore their own observations. After all, mothers and fathers know the individual characteristics of their baby better than any, even a very good doctor, who sees a child for the first time.

Reasons for rejection

Exceeding the frequency of respiratory movements in medicine is called "tachypnea". This is not a disease, but just a symptom that may indicate the development of a certain pathology. You can talk about tachypnea if if the NPV differs from the norm upwards by at least 20%. There are quite understandable physiological and psychological reasons for frequent children's breathing. When children worry, worry, are in a state of stress, fright, in a nervous situation, they very often react to stress by increasing their respiratory movements.

Such tachypnea does not require correction, treatment and usually resolves on its own as the delicate children's nervous system strengthens. If the stress is very strong, then parents can consult a neurologist and a child psychologist.

With shortness of breath, shallow shallow breathing in a child is observed only during periods of increased physical activity, at times when the child is tired and tries to catch his breath. Shortness of breath is temporary and transient. Tachypnea is permanent. If the excess of the normal respiratory rate does not disappear even in a dream, this is certainly a reason to call a doctor and examine the baby for a possible disease.

What to do?

When detecting an increase in respiratory rate in newborns, it is best to call a doctor. If the baby has other symptoms - a runny nose, cough, fever, inhalation or exit has become difficult, the best solution is to call an ambulance. An older child can try to help on their own. A prerequisite is the absence of any additional painful symptoms.

To stop an attack of tachypnea, it is enough to take a paper bag, cut a small hole in it and invite the child to breathe through the bag in a playful way. This will help restore gas exchange in the cells, and breathing will stabilize.

Inhalation and exhalation should be done only through the bag, air from the outside cannot be inhaled.

Sudden increased breathing for no apparent reason (excitement, stress, fear) is always an alarming symptom that parents should not ignore. It is important to quickly pull yourself together, calm the baby, breathe through the bag, make sure that the child's skin has a normal color, has not changed, has not turned pale and cyanosis has not appeared. Treatment always involves the treatment of the underlying disease that caused rapid breathing.

What can not be done?

Parents should not try to give medication to a child with rapid breathing. No pills and drops at this moment can affect a single symptom of a possible latent disease. But it is quite possible to worsen the condition of the baby without permission with these drugs. Do not try to make a child with respiratory disorders inhalation. They are not able to help, but the burn of the respiratory tract, which the baby can get when inhaling steam, is a very real threat.

It is important for parents to learn to distinguish tachypnea from the most common shortness of breath.

For information on what breathing rate in a child is considered correct, see the following video.

Are you able to breathe correctly? This is very important, because air is the very fuel on which our body works. Both life and health depend on the quality and quantity of this fuel.

Of course, it is better to breathe clean air, and not a mixture of carbon monoxide and dust that make up the atmosphere of a metropolis. However, let us dwell in more detail not on chemistry, but on the physics of respiration.

Frequency, depth, rhythm

Check if you are breathing correctly. Take a watch with a second hand, sit up straight and count how many breaths you take in a minute. This will determine your breathing rate.

The average adult breathes at a rate of 14 to 18 breaths per minute. If you take less than 14 breaths per minute, then you are a well-trained and hardy person with healthy respiratory organs. The respiratory rate also decreases during sleep - it decreases to 12-14 per minute. More than 18 breaths per minute is a cause for concern. This means that your breathing movements do not provide the lungs with enough air, and the respiratory center gives signals to replenish supplies more often than it should be normal. You need to find the reason that prevents you from taking a deep breath. Maybe you sit at the computer for hours? Or have you just eaten too much? Or maybe just a little excited, conducting a study of their own breathing? The frequency of inhalations and exhalations can increase with an increase in temperature and with various diseases of the pulmonary and cardiac systems.

The next indicator is the depth of breathing, that is, the volumes of inhaled and exhaled air. Tidal volume is the volume of air inhaled in one breath. At rest in an adult, it is approximately 500 cm3. The same amount of air leaves the lungs during a quiet exhalation. If immediately after a quiet breath, without exhaling, take an additional deep breath, then about 1500 cm3 of air will enter the lungs, which is an additional, or reserve, volume of inspiration. If, after a calm exhalation, an additional deep exhalation is made, then with maximum effort, you can exhale about 1500 cm3 more, which will be the reserve expiratory volume. Summing up these values, you can determine the so-called vital capacity of your lungs. The vital capacity of the lungs varies depending on the age, sex, fitness of a person and can reach 5000 cm3. Unfortunately, it will not be possible to independently obtain indicators of the volume of your lungs - this requires special devices.

Now follow the rhythm of breathing: the ratio of inhalation and exhalation, the arrangement of pauses in this cycle. Normally, the time intervals between inhalations and exhalations should be equal, with the same depth and duration of inhalation and exhalation.

By the way, according to the rhythm of breathing, you can judge your performance at a particular moment. An extended breath - a pause - a short exhalation: this is the breath of a cheerful person, such, as they say, this minute is “ready for work and defense”. Short energetic breath - extended exhalation - pause: this is the breath of a tired person. With the help of this rhythm, the nervous system relaxes the muscles, getting rid of internal tension. Do you often sigh for no apparent reason? This is the body trying to remind you that it's time to rest. Do not neglect his hint - and you are not in danger of chronic fatigue.

Violation of breathing in the form of difficulty in the inhalation or exhalation phase is called shortness of breath - this is an alarm signal. Maybe you have a cold and your nose is stuffed up? If everything is in order with the upper respiratory tract, go to the doctor - shortness of breath may indicate a violation of the lungs or heart.

Breast or animal?

Determine exactly how you breathe - belly or chest. If you combine both, then you have a mixed type of breathing. Interestingly, most women breathe through their chest, and abdominal (diaphragmatic) breathing is typical for men, young children and sleeping people, regardless of gender and age. Note: babies tend to have a slightly protruding tummy. This is precisely because their abdominal muscles are included in the respiratory cycle. It is not necessary to force a preschooler to draw in his stomach - this can impair his lung function.

It is diaphragmatic breathing that is considered more physiological, since it is much deeper, involves all respiratory organs and contributes to complete ventilation of the lungs. Singers, swimmers and yoga practitioners do special exercises to develop "animal" breathing.

Learning to breathe with the stomach is useful for any person, because correctly set diaphragmatic breathing normalizes blood pressure, facilitates the work of the heart and provides a natural massage of the digestive tract.

It is also important that the constant movement and increased blood supply to the abdominal muscles limits the deposition of fat in the waist area and helps to maintain a slim figure.