Effect of noise on the human body. Human exposure to noise What does exposure to loud noise lead to?

Schelmanova Ekaterina Alexandrovna

The project examines what noise and noise pollution are, how noise affects human health, presents the results of a survey of teachers and school students on the impact of noise on their health, and presents the results of practical work to determine the hearing acuity of students in grades 9 and 11.

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MUNICIPAL BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "Secondary school No. 19 with in-depth study of individual subjects."

Ecology project

"Impact of noise on human health"

Completed by a student of 11 "A" class

Schelmanova Ekaterina Alexandrovna

Project Manager:

Teacher of chemistry and ecology Khripunova T.V.

Zavolzhye, 2012

1. Introduction …………………………………………….3
2. Relevance of the work………………………………5
3. The purpose of the work…………………………………………5
4. Sound characteristic…………………………….5
5. Noise…………………………………………………..6
6. The influence of sounds on the human psyche…..8
7. Practical part:

Practical №1…………………………………9

Practical №2………………………………...12

1. Conclusion………………………………………..13
2. Application……………………………………….14

10. Literature……………………………………….15

Introduction

In nature, loud sounds are rare, the noise is relatively weak and short. The combination of sound stimuli gives animals and humans time to assess their nature and form a response. Sounds and noises of high power affect the hearing aid, nerve centers, can cause pain and shock. This is how noise pollution works.

The quiet rustle of leaves, the murmur of a stream, bird voices, a light splash of water and the sound of the surf are always pleasant to a person. They calm him, relieve stress. But the natural sounds of the voices of Nature are becoming more and more rare, disappearing completely or are drowned out by industrial traffic and other noises.

Prolonged noise adversely affects the organ of hearing, reducing the sensitivity to sound.

It leads to a breakdown in the activity of the heart, liver, to exhaustion and overstrain of nerve cells. Weakened cells of the nervous system cannot clearly coordinate the work of various body systems. This results in disruption of their activities.
The noise level is measured in units expressing the degree of sound pressure - decibels. This pressure is not perceived indefinitely. The noise level of 20-30 decibels (dB) is practically harmless to humans, this is a natural background noise. As for loud sounds, here the permissible limit is approximately 80 decibels. A sound of 130 decibels already causes a painful sensation in a person, and 150 becomes unbearable for him. Not without reason in the Middle Ages there was an execution “under the bell”. The hum of the bell ringing tormented and slowly killed the convict.

The level of industrial noise is also very high. In many jobs and noisy industries, it reaches 90-110 decibels or more. Not much quieter in our house, where new sources of noise appear - the so-called household appliances.

Noise

Noise acts on the body as a stress factor, causes a change in the sound analyzer, and also, due to the close connection of the auditory system with numerous nerve centers at the most diverse levels, profound changes occur in the central nervous system.

The most dangerous is long-term exposure to noise, in which the development of noise disease is possible - a general disease of the body with a predominant lesion of the hearing organ, the central nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Noise levels in residential apartments depend on:

Location of the house in relation to urban noise sources

Internal layout of premises for various purposes

Soundproofing of building envelopes

Equipping the house with engineering and technological and sanitary equipment.

Noise sources in the human environment can be divided into two large groups - internal and external.

External sources: underground, heavy trucks, railway trains, trams

Internal: elevators, pumps, machine tools, transformers, centrifuges

The relevance of the work

Wherever we are, whatever we do - we are accompanied everywhere by a variety of sounds. Each of our movements causes a sound - a rustle, a rustle, a creak, a knock. Man has always lived in a world of sounds and noise. The sounds of nature are always pleasant for him, they calm him down, relieve stress. But in everyday life, we are more confronted with the noise of household appliances, industrial, transport noise. And we notice that our body gets tired more and more. What is the reason for this, do the sounds around us really influence the state so much, in what way does it manifest itself?

Objective

1. Find out what noise is, what effect sounds can have on a person, what noise pollution is and what are its sources, how noise disease manifests itself.
2. Learn from the literature about the effects of noise on humans and the environment
3. Determine the level of hearing of students when performing practical work, methods of dealing with noise pollution.

Study plan:

1. Sound characteristic
2. Noise and its impact on human health
3. Research work with students and teachers
4. Conclusion
5. Reminder: What needs to be done to make the house quieter

Sound characteristic

Man has always lived in a world of sounds and noise. Sound is called such mechanical vibrations of the external environment, which are perceived by the human hearing aid (from 20 to 20,000 vibrations per second). Vibrations of a higher frequency are called ultrasound, a smaller one is called infrasound. Noise - loud sounds that have merged into a discordant sound.

For all living organisms, including humans, sound is one of the environmental influences.

Noise

For a long time, the effect of noise on the human body was not specially studied, although already in ancient times they knew about its harm and, for example, in ancient cities, rules were introduced to limit noise.

Currently, scientists in many countries of the world are conducting various studies to determine the impact of noise on human health. Their studies have shown that noise causes significant harm to human health, but absolute silence frightens and depresses him. So, employees of one design bureau, which had excellent sound insulation, already a week later began to complain about the impossibility of working in conditions of oppressive silence. They were nervous, lost their working capacity. Conversely, scientists have found that sounds of a certain intensity stimulate the process of thinking, especially the process of counting.

Each person perceives noise differently. Much depends on age, temperament, state of health, environmental conditions.

Some people lose their hearing even after brief exposure to noise of comparatively reduced intensity.

Constant exposure to strong noise can not only adversely affect hearing, but also cause other harmful effects - ringing in the ears, dizziness, headache, increased fatigue.

Very noisy modern music also dulls the hearing, causes nervous diseases.

Noise has an accumulative effect, that is, acoustic irritation, accumulating in the body, increasingly depresses the nervous system.

Therefore, before hearing loss from exposure to noise, a functional disorder of the central nervous system occurs. Noise has a particularly harmful effect on the neuropsychic activity of the body.

The process of neuropsychiatric diseases is higher among persons working in noisy conditions than among persons working in normal sound conditions.

Noises cause functional disorders of the cardiovascular system; have a harmful effect on the visual and vestibular analyzers, reduces reflex activity, which often causes accidents and injuries.

Studies have shown that inaudible sounds can also have harmful effects on human health. So, infrasounds have a special effect on the mental sphere of a person: all types of intellectual activity are affected, mood worsens, sometimes there is a feeling of confusion, anxiety, fright, fear, and at high intensity - a feeling of weakness, as after a strong nervous shock.

For example, a well-known American physicist suggested that the director of the performance use very low, rumbling sounds, which, the scientist believed, would create an atmosphere of something unusual and frightening in the auditorium. To get an alarming sound, the physicist designed a special pipe that is attached to the organ. And the very first rehearsal frightened everyone. The trumpet did not make audible sounds, but when the organist pressed the key, the inexplicable happened in the theater: the window panes rattled, the crystal pendants of the candelabra rang. Even worse, everyone who was present at that moment in the hall and on the stage felt an unreasonable fear! And the culprit was infrasound, inaudible to the human ear!

Even weak infrasound sounds can have a significant impact on a person, especially if they are of a long-term nature. According to scientists, it is precisely by infrasounds, inaudibly penetrating through the thickest walls, that many nervous diseases of the inhabitants of large cities are caused.

Ultrasounds, which occupy a prominent place in the range of industrial noise, are also dangerous. The mechanisms of their action on living organisms are extremely diverse. The cells of the nervous system are especially susceptible to their negative effects.

Noise is insidious, its harmful effect on the body is invisibly, imperceptibly. Violations in the human body against noise is practically defenseless.

Currently, doctors are talking about noise disease, which develops as a result of exposure to noise with a primary lesion of hearing and the nervous system.

The influence of sounds on the human psyche

Cat's purring promotes normalization:

Of cardio-vascular system

blood pressure

Classical music (Mozart) contributes to:

General reassurance

Increased milk production (by 20%) in a nursing mother

Rhythmic sounds due to a direct effect on the brain contribute to:

Release of stress hormones

memory impairment

Bell ringing quickly kills:

typhoid bacteria

Viruses

Practical work No. 1

A sociological survey conducted among students and teachers of school No. 19 on the impact of noise on health:

Teachers Pupils

Conclusion: According to teachers and students, noise affects human health

2. Where do you think noise pollution is increased on school grounds?

Teachers Pupils

Conclusion: The main sources of noise are floors, gyms and canteen

3. Do you consider noise to be the cause of absent-mindedness, distraction of students in the lesson?

Teachers Pupils

Conclusion: Most teachers and students believe that noise affects the concentration in the lesson.

4. And what personally prevents you from concentrating on the lesson?

Teachers Pupils

Conclusion: According to the majority, the noise in the corridor interferes with the lesson

5. What do you feel about noise pollution? How does noise affect you?

Teachers Pupils

Conclusion: For the majority of respondents, noise causes headaches and fatigue.

6. Where is the big noise pollution?

Teachers Pupils

Conclusion: Most of the respondents believe that the greatest noise pollution in the school

Thus, according to students and teachers, noise can be a source of illness, fatigue, can interfere with the normal rhythm of life, and the school is the object of increased noise levels.

Practical work №2

"Determination of hearing acuity"

Purpose: to determine the acuity of students' hearing.

Equipment: ruler, clock.

Hearing acuity is the minimum volume that can be perceived by the subject's ear.

9th grade students

Conclusion: all students have good hearing

11th grade students

Conclusion: 11th grade students also have good hearing.

Conclusion: the students of the school have good hearing, but the students of the 9th grade are slightly better.

Conclusion

Sounds have a negative impact on human health, especially in the modern world, when there is a lot of carrier noise around. Based on a survey of students and teachers, it was found that: noise affects human health, the main sources of noise are floors, gyms and canteens, noise affects concentration in the lesson, noise in the corridor interferes with the lesson, noise causes headaches and fatigue, and what is the most noise pollution in the school.

The opinion of teachers and students is similar to the table given before practical work. During the work on the project, it was also possible to determine the level of hearing among students in grades 9 and 11, which showed that so far there are no particular hearing problems, but which may arise later, since in grade 11 the level of hearing is already lower.

All this is due to the fact that teenagers very often listen to loud music in headphones and the fact that a lot of equipment has appeared that negatively affects people's health (mobile phones, cars)

Application

memo

What you need to do to make the house where you live quieter:

1. External walls must be soundproofed
2. Double glazing significantly reduces noise
3. Plant trees between the house and the road
4. Replace thin doors with more solid ones
5. Lay thick, well-padded carpets
6. Choose the Quietest Appliance Model
7. If household appliances make a lot of noise, call a specialist
8. Use soft shoes at home

Literature

1. http://tmn.fio.ru/works/40x/311/p02.htm Effect of noise on human health.
2. http://schools.keldysh.ru/labmro/web2002/proekt1/zaklych.htm - health factors
3. Kriksunov E.A. Ecology 9 cells. M. Bustard 2007
4. Mirkin B.M., Naumova L.G. Ecology of Russia 9-11 cells.
5. Kuznetsov V.N. Ecology M. Bustard 2002

Slides captions:

Project on ecology"Impact of noise on human health"
MUNICIPAL BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION "SEVERAGE SCHOOL №19 WITH IN-DEPTH STUDY OF INDIVIDUAL SUBJECTS".
Completed by: student of 11 "A" class Shchelmanova Ekaterina Alexandrovna Project leader: teacher of chemistry and ecology Khripunova T.V.
Zavolzhye, 2012
Rationale for the choice of topic
Wherever we are, whatever we do - we are accompanied everywhere by a variety of sounds. Each of our movements causes a sound - a rustle, a rustle, a creak, a knock. Man has always lived in a world of sounds and noise. The sounds of nature are always pleasant for him, they calm him down, relieve stress. But in everyday life, we are more confronted with the noise of household appliances, industrial, transport noise. And we notice that our body gets tired more and more. What is the reason for this, do the sounds around us really influence the state so much, in what way does it manifest itself?
Objective
Find out what noise is, what effect sounds can have on a person, what noise pollution is and what are its sources, how noise disease manifests itself. Learn from the literature about the impact of noise on humans and the environment. Determine the level of hearing of students when performing practical work, methods of combating noise pollution. The health of the nation must come first in any country. Therefore, much attention is paid to the study of the influence of various factors on human health. Knowing the problem is the first step in solving it
Study plan:
Characteristics of soundNoise and its effects on human healthInfluence of sounds on the human psycheResearch work with students and teachersConclusion Memo: What needs to be done to make the house quieter
Sound characteristic
Man has always lived in a world of sounds and noise. Sound is called such mechanical vibrations of the external environment, which are perceived by the human hearing aid (from 20 to 20,000 vibrations per second). Vibrations of a higher frequency are called ultrasound, a smaller one is called infrasound. Noise - loud sounds, merged into a discordant sound. For all living organisms, including humans, sound is one of the environmental influences.
Noise and its impact on human health
Noise is an unpleasant or unwanted sound or a combination of sounds that interfere with the perception of useful signals, break silence, have a harmful or irritating effect on the human body, reduce its performance. Noise is a general biological stimulus and, under certain conditions, can affect all organs and systems of the whole organism, causing various physiological changes.
Noise sources
Noise levels in residential apartments depend on: the location of the house in relation to urban noise sources; the internal layout of premises for various purposes; Noise sources in the human environment can be divided into two large groups - internal and external.
Impact of noise level on human health
External sources are vehicles that create large dynamic loads during operation, which cause the propagation of vibration in the ground and building structures of buildings. These vibrations are often also the cause of noise in buildings. centrifuge transformers
Noise units
The noise level is measured in units expressing the degree of sound pressure - decibels (dB). This pressure is not perceived indefinitely. The noise level of 20-30 dB is harmless, it is a natural background. Loud sound -80 dB. 130 dB - pain, 150 - the sound becomes unbearable
The influence of sounds on the human psyche
Cat's purring contributes to the normalization of: Cardiovascular system Blood pressure Classical music (Mozart) contributes to: General sedation Increased milk secretion (by 20%) in a nursing mother Rhythmic sounds due to direct effects on the brain contribute to: Release of stress hormones Memory impairment Bell ringing quickly kills: Typhoid bacteria Viruses
Appointment of the area, development, territories, premises
Permissible sound level, dB
7-23 h
23-7 h
Resort and health-improving (zones)
40
30
Territories and zones of mass recreation (outside resort areas)
50
-
Industrial or residential areas
65
55
Doctors' offices of hospitals, sanatoriums, polyclinics, pharmacy pharmacies
35
35
Living rooms of apartments
40
30
Sleeping quarters in preschool institutions
40
30
Classes at school
40
-
School plots
50
-
Sport halls
50
-
Practical work No. 1
A sociological survey conducted among students and teachers of school No. 19 on the impact of noise on health: 1. Can noise be considered an invisible killer Teachers Pupils
2. Where do you think noise pollution is increased on school grounds?
Teachers Pupils
According to teachers and students, noise affects human health
The main sources of noise are floors, gyms and dining rooms.
3. Do you think the noise is the reason for the absent-mindedness, distraction of students in the lesson? Teachers Pupils
4. And what personally prevents you from concentrating on the lesson
Teachers Pupils
Most teachers and students believe that noise affects the concentration in the lesson.
According to the majority, the noise in the corridor interferes with the lesson
5. How do you feel about noise pollution? How does noise affect you? Teachers Pupils
6.Where is the most noise pollution?
Teachers Pupils
For the majority of respondents, noise causes headaches and fatigue.
The majority of respondents believe that the greatest noise pollution in the school
Practical work No. 2 "Determination of hearing acuity"
Purpose: to determine students' hearing acuity. Equipment: ruler, watch. Hearing acuity is the minimum volume that can be perceived by the subject's ear. WORK PROCEDURE: 1. Bring the watch closer to you until you hear a sound. 2. Attach the watch tightly to your ear and move it away from you until the sound disappears. 3. Measure the distance (in cases 1 and 2) between the ear and the watch in cm. 4. Find the average of the two indicators. Make a conclusion.
The project involved students of grades 9 and 11. Pupils of grade 9: Pupils of grade 11: Conclusion The intensity of the sound varies significantly depending on the distance of the sound source (noise), the closer the clock, the higher the noise level, and vice versa. If the sound of the clock is heard at a distance of 15-20 cm - satisfactory (small problems), 5 cm is already a sign of hearing loss (in the future, complete deafness is possible). As a result of practical work, it turned out that the hearing of 9th grade students is not much better than that of 11th grade.

1 student
2 student
3 student
1
26
24
23
2
28
25
29
3
27
24,5
26
1 student
2 student
3 student
1
27
25
24
2
29
28
28
3
28
26,5
26
Conclusion
Sounds have a negative impact on human health, especially in the modern world, when there is a lot of carrier noise around. Based on a survey of students and teachers, it was found that: noise affects human health, the main sources of noise are floors, gyms and canteens, noise affects concentration in the lesson, noise in the corridor interferes with the lesson, noise causes headaches and fatigue, and what is the most noise pollution in the school. The opinion of teachers and students is similar to the table given before practical work. During the work on the project, it was also possible to determine the level of hearing among students in grades 9 and 11, which showed that so far there are no particular hearing problems, but which may arise later, since the level of hearing is already lower in grade 11. All this is due to the fact that teenagers very often listen to loud music in headphones and with the fact that a lot of technology has appeared that negatively affects people's health (mobile phones, cars)
memo
What you need to do to make your house quieter: Exterior walls should be soundproofed Double glazing significantly reduces noise Plant trees between the house and the road Replace thin doors with more solid ones Install thick carpeting with good padding Choose the quietest model of household appliances If household appliances are noisy, call SpecialistUse soft shoes at home
Literature
http://tmn.fio.ru/works/40x/311/p02.htm Impact of noise on human health . Ecology 9 cells. M. Bustard 2007 Mirkin B.M., Naumova L.G. Ecology of Russia 9-11 class Kuznetsov V.N. Ecology M. Bustard 2002

Numerous works of the last few decades have shown quite convincingly that noise causes changes not only in the organ of hearing, but also in many other organs and systems of the body. Clinical observations and experimental studies indicate that the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, and many others are primarily affected. Noise has an irritating effect on a person, changes his behavior, interferes with speech intelligibility, contributes to a decrease in labor productivity and an increase in injuries.

Damage to the hearing system, as a rule, does not manifest itself in increasing deafness in the entire frequency range, it is expressed only in a decrease in sensitivity to certain frequencies or in a progressive hearing loss at higher frequencies, as N. N. Grachev notes. Employers are legally liable for hearing damage in the workplace, which is why a number of companies take audiograms when hiring new individuals who will be exposed to high noise levels in the workplace.

The International Labor Organization (ILO) in the document "Protection of Workers from Noise and Vibration at Work" confirms that "noise and vibration are two of the most important factors that create a hazard in the workplace. Noise vibrations that exceed certain threshold values ​​harm the health and performance of people, ranging from mild mental and physical disorders to serious illnesses. The paper also points to economic losses caused by equipment downtime due to illness or premature retirement due to excessive noise and vibration.

Noise is one of the most common environmental factors that can adversely affect public health.

In the literature, data on the harmful effects of noise on the human body are studied in three main areas:

• 1) the effect of noise on the organ of hearing;
• 2) the impact of noise on the functions of individual organs and systems (cardiovascular, digestive, endocrine, muscular systems, vestibular apparatus, metabolic processes, hematopoiesis, etc.);
• 3) the impact of noise on the body as a whole and, in particular, on higher nervous activity, on autonomic reactivity.

Prolonged exposure to intense noise on a person's hearing leads to its partial or complete loss. Depending on the duration and intensity of exposure, there is a greater or lesser decrease in the sensitivity of the hearing organs, expressed as a temporary shift in the hearing threshold, which disappears after the end of noise exposure, and with a long duration and/or intensity of noise, irreversible hearing loss (deafness) occurs, characterized by a permanent change hearing threshold. The degree of damage to the hearing organs depends on parameters such as sound level, its duration, as well as on the individual sensitivity of the person.

There are the following degrees of hearing loss: I degree (slight hearing loss) - hearing loss in the region of speech frequencies is 10-20 dB, at a frequency of 4000 Hz - 20-60 dB; II degree (moderate hearing loss) - hearing loss in the region of speech frequencies is 21-30 dB, at a frequency of 4000 Hz - 20-65 dB; III degree (significant hearing loss) - hearing loss in the region of speech frequencies is 31 dB or more, at a frequency of 4000 Hz - 20-78 dB.

The effect of noise on the human body is not limited to the effect on the organ of hearing. Through the fibers of the auditory nerves, noise irritation is transmitted to the central and autonomic nervous systems, and through them it affects the internal organs, leading to significant changes in the functional state of the body, affects the mental state of the body, causing a feeling of anxiety and irritation. A person exposed to intense noise spends on average 10-20% more physical and neuropsychic effort to maintain the performance achieved at a sound level below 70dB (A).

The impact of noise on the autonomic nervous system is manifested even at low sound levels (from 40 dB (A)) and does not depend on the subjective perception of noise by a person. Of the vegetative reactions, the most pronounced is the violation of peripheral circulation due to the narrowing of the capillaries of the skin and mucous membranes, as well as an increase in blood pressure. For the autonomic nervous system, a clear correspondence has been established between noise and reaction; in the field of the psyche, such a correspondence is absent. It has been established that pronounced mental reactions appear starting from sound levels equal to 30 dB (A). The impact on the psyche increases with increasing noise frequency and level, as well as with decreasing noise bandwidth. At the same time, a person's personal attitude to this noise plays a decisive role in the mental assessment of the unpleasantness of noise.

A significant place in the study of the functional state of the nervous system was given to recording the biopotentials of the cerebral cortex (electroencephalography) (N. M. Aspisov, I. Dimov, K. Kiryakov, I. Machev, A. M. Volkov, M. G. Babadzhanyan, E. I. Kostina, Ya. A. Altman, A. M. Volkov, L. E. Milkov, D. A. Ginzburg, M. N. Livanov, A. G. Kopylov, N. P. Bekhtereva, etc.). The impact of noise on the central nervous system causes an increase in the latent (hidden) period of the visual-motor reaction, leads to impaired mobility of nervous processes, changes in electroencephalographic parameters, disrupts the bioelectrical activity of the brain with the manifestation of general functional changes in the body (with noise of 50-60 dB (A )), significantly changes the biopotentials of the brain, their dynamics, causes biochemical changes in the structures of the brain. With impulsive and irregular noise, the degree of negative impact of noise increases. Changes in the functional state of the central and vegetative systems occur much earlier and at lower noise levels. Table 2 shows the burdensomeness of sound properties in the ranking sequence according to the degree of impact. Burdensomeness is a central concept in research that examines how individuals relate to noise; it includes: distraction, disturbing peace, feeling of irritation, discomfort, distress, frustration, resentment, insult.

Table 2. Burdensomeness of sound properties in the ranking sequence according to the degree of impact

In various areas with low noise intensity, numerous examples of the negative effects of sound can be found. Due to the impact of noise, the following vegetative reactions occur: the process of blood circulation changes, which can be established, for example, by reducing the minute volume of blood and by increasing the resistance of the peripheral walls of blood vessels and reducing blood flow to the skin.

The dilation of the pupils leads to a decrease in visual acuity, and this is harmful in certain activities. Prolonged noise causes inhibition of the activity of the salivary and gastric glands; acceleration of metabolism, changes in the electrical activity of the brain, increased muscle potential, violation of the depth of sleep until awakening.

Noise exposure also causes an increased secretion of the hormone of the adrenal glands - adrenaline, which, together with a change in a number of other indicators, is a typical picture of a stress reaction. This autonomic response to noise exposure corresponds to a general activation of the organism.

For a person, under certain circumstances, such activation is undesirable, it interferes not only during sleep, but for people who are overly loaded at work and at home with the need to meet the high requirements of modern society, additional stress, which, accumulating, can lead to pathological changes in the body or to an emotional outburst.

In contact with

Classmates

"It gets on my nerves!"- Your first reaction to the roar of a siren or a strong roar.

According to scientists, frequencies outside the gamut of sounds of the human voice often have detrimental effects on our nervous system.

We are talking about the number of acoustic vibrations per second (Hz) when their frequency is either too weak (very low sounds) or too high.

The fight against noise has been going on for a very long time. As early as three thousand years BC, in the state of the Sumerians, gunsmiths were not allowed to keep workshops in the city center. The ancient Greeks and Romans put straw under their chariots to muffle the rumble of the wheels. Then there was a ban on rooster singing before dawn. A rooster that crowed before the appointed time was immediately sent to the spit. In England, which retains its laws adopted several hundred years ago, one of them has not yet been repealed, which prohibits hitting wives between 10 pm and 5 am. In parallel with new inventions that make life easier for people, they also invented ways to reduce their noise effect. Silent trams appeared, soundproof walls and windows, almost silent refrigerators, passengers of an airliner do not hear the roar of its engines.

Noise not only causes hearing impairment, but also negatively affects the psyche. At first, there is some kind of dullness from the noise, and then the opposite effect begins: the excitation of the body, as from strong coffee. This is followed by aggressiveness, irritability, increased blood pressure.

The inconvenience that such vibrations cause has not yet been physiologically explained.

However, it is known that they act on cells located at the level of the inner ear, the so-called cochlea. High-pitched sounds seem especially shrill to us, as they almost always come from the background noise. This is why the alarm signals are at very high frequencies. On the other hand, low sounds, characteristic engine noises or "techno" music not only irritate the auditory cells - they make our soft organs vibrate. The shoulder blades, heart and intestines resonate and produce an almost tactile sensation of sound.

But if the sound drives you crazy, then more often because of its high volume. The more powerful the sound, the more molecules move through the air as the sound wave propagates.

When moving back and forth, comparable to the movement of concentric waves after a stone falls into water, the air vibrates for various reasons. And it puts a lot of pressure on the ear.

The auditory sensation resulting from the transformation of sound by our ear and our brain, a sound wave into an unequal emission, becomes frankly unpleasant.

If the auditory system allows you to hear sounds from 0 to 140 dB, pain starts at 120 dB. The feeling of discomfort, rather subjective, appears already at 60 dB (car, street noise).

If the sound is strong, especially very low or very high, it affects the whole organism. The heart rate and breathing speed up, causing pulsations and an increase in pressure. The neuromuscular system is also affected. Convulsions and spasms. From the noise in the literal sense "breaks the bones." The thyroid and adrenal glands are also affected, which contributes to stress and sleep disturbance. Increases sweating. In exceptional cases, the pupils dilate, disrupting the perception of color and narrowing the field of vision. With noise it is very difficult to think, as the concentration of attention is disturbed.

The sensation of noise also depends on its duration. A shot or hammer blow makes you flinch at the high sound level, but mostly because of the brevity of the sound.

Such impulse noises can damage the auditory cells of the inner ear. They are very short and do not allow the ear to activate the protective system. This reflex works by contracting the muscles in the middle ear, limiting exposure to outside sounds, so short noises can be deafening.

Some noises increase our irritation, such as a whistle, which is short, sharp and disturbing. Musicians know these features well. These are sounds whose frequency components are very close. The sound seems "rough", as if the piano gave a chord of two consecutive notes in a chromatic scale, for example, C and sharp. A saw, a sports car engine, or the squeaking of chalk on a blackboard contain many of these annoying sounds.

Frequency, strength, duration...

This explosive cocktail is a potentially dangerous weapon for both hearing and the whole body.

Decibels cause euphoria

At first, a very high sound level makes ravers more receptive to music, isolating them from the outside world. This impact is enhanced by the repetitive structure of the passage, which "lulls" conscious brain activity and allows you to escape from reality. Loud music can be euphoric like a drug, leading, as happens at rock concerts, to a state of collective hysteria. And just like a drug, it is addictive and addictive. The same exciting effect is used at rock concerts and discos stroboscopic effects - a rapid alternation of flashes of bright light. By the way, a stroboscope is used in neurological studies when a patient is suspected of having epilepsy. Stroboscopic effects may even cause her to have an attack. As a rule, the action of loud music and the stroboscopic effect is summed up.

The low ones get knocked out

The ears of techno lovers get used to the sound stream. But the body continues to be affected: an acceleration of the heart rate, muscle contractions, even hormonal disorders. Their digestive system is upset by the dominant low sounds, causing severe ailments.

Harmful are not only those sounds that we hear, but also those whose frequency the human ear does not register. Infrasounds, that is, sounds of very low frequency, interacting with the energy-information vibrations of the central nervous system, cause a feeling of lethargy, drowsiness, followed by sometimes opposite reactions - aggressiveness.

For example, those women who listened to hard rock during feeding lost milk, while those who preferred the classics increased it by 20%. Also, with the help of sounds, it is possible to control the crowd. There is such an assumption that the missing ship crews were affected by infrasound, people were controlled by fear, and they jumped from the sides of the ship. Today, scientific studies have proven that such sounds as in vitro and in vivo of a certain frequency kill viruses. And the purring of a cat has a good effect on the human psyche.

The vibrations that the ear perceives stimulate the nerves in the inner ear, where the vibrations are converted into electrical impulses and then sent directly to the brain. Many sounds pass into the auditory centers, they are perceived as sounds. The rest is converted into electrical potential in the cerebellum, which controls movement and balance. Then they enter the limbic system, which is responsible for emotions and the release of hormones that affect the entire body. This is how sound feeds the brain and our body.

Subconscious suggestion through music is the best method of controlling the human psyche. Music, bypassing consciousness, is able to penetrate the subconscious and program it. After experiments, it was proved that due to the suggestion "do not steal" in supermarkets, the number of thefts was greatly reduced. Playing certain songs continuously has saved store owners millions of dollars. Relaxing music recreates a cozy homely atmosphere in the supermarket, and forces customers to take their time, devoting a lot of time to shopping. At rush hour, fast music is used, which provokes buyers to move much faster. A similar method is used in restaurants, a specially trained manager continuously monitors visitors in the hall. If there are too many, dynamic recordings are turned on, if there are few visitors, relaxing music is put on in order to keep customers in the restaurant longer.

Sound therapy is the use of music for healing purposes. Sound therapy has been an independent branch of traditional medicine since ancient times. Even ancient philosophers such as Pythagoras, Aristotle, Plato knew that sounds and music are able to restore the original harmony of the soul broken by illnesses. In his famous work The Kreutzer Sonata, L. Tolstoy applied a special hypnotizing effect to music. Tsiolkovsky also believed that music is "a powerful tool, like medicines", which, accordingly, should be in the power of specialists. Aesculapius, a famous Greek physician of antiquity, treated sciatica and various diseases of the nervous system by playing the trumpet loudly in front of the patient. Pythagoras began and ended his day with singing (in the morning - to clear the mind and excite activity, and in the evening - to calm and attune to rest).

According to research by neuroscientist Jevasia Schreckenberger and physicist Harvey Bird, rhythmic and loud music weakens the human body. They conducted experiments on mice, watching two groups of them looking for food in the labyrinths built for them. During this process, some listened to Strauss waltzes, while others listened to drumming. As a result, it turned out that those who were searching for waltzes began to navigate the maze better, and those who did it to the sound of a drum, even after three weeks, could not find their way to food. So, a noticeable deviation in the development of hippocampal neurons (part of the limbic system of the brain, the olfactory brain, is involved in the mechanisms of the formation of emotions, memory consolidation) was revealed, which made it very difficult for mice to come to prey.

Usually, noise violates the logic of thinking, leads to uncertainty and irritability. In order to isolate oneself from such harmful noises, a correct understanding of the influence of music and sounds in general on a living organism is necessary. To unload the nervous system, it is useful from time to time to take a break from all the noise. Turn off the phone, electrical appliances and remove the headphones for at least 20 minutes and stay in complete silence. It is better to lie down at this time, try to relax as much as possible, and the body will begin to recover faster.

If you have any hearing impairment, you should immediately contact an otolaryngologist.

It adversely affects our lives. In this case, the word noise means its hygienic meaning, namely, the totality of sounds that are undesirable for us, that is, those sounds that do not carry any useful information for us, but only pollute the information background in which we are.

At the same time, not everyone knows exactly what effect noise has on the human body and what consequences should be expected, for example, working in conditions of exposure to high noise levels.

It has now been proven that noise is a general biological stimulus.
, that is, it affects not only the organ of hearing, but also the whole organism as a whole. First of all, the influence of noise affects the structures of the brain, which causes adverse changes in the functions of various organs and systems.

Thus, the effect of noise can be divided into specific and non-specific. The specific effect of noise is manifested in the changes that occur in the auditory analyzer, and the non-specific effect is manifested in changes that occur in other organs and systems of a person.

The specific effect of noise

The influence of noise on the auditory analyzer is manifested in aural effects, which mainly consist in a slowly progressive hearing loss in the form of neuritis of the auditory nerve (cochlear neuritis). In this case, pathological changes affect both ears equally.

Occupational hearing loss develops with more or less long work experience in conditions of high noise levels. The timing of the onset of hearing loss depends on many factors, such as the individual sensitivity of the auditory analyzer, the duration of noise exposure during a work shift, the intensity of industrial noise, as well as its frequency and time characteristics.

Workers working in noisy industries in the first years show nonspecific symptoms that characterize the reaction of the central nervous system to the effect of noise: they complain of headache, increased fatigue, tinnitus, etc. The subjective feeling of hearing loss usually occurs much later, and audiological signs of hearing damage can be detected long before the moment when a person notices that he has begun to hear worse.

Modern methods of research, which can and should be carried out in relation to those working under the influence of noise during medical examinations, allow not only to establish the first signs of noise pathology in the early stages of its occurrence, but also to predict individual terms of hearing loss.

It is known that

Noise accompanied by vibration is more detrimental to the auditory analyzer than isolated noise.

Non-specific effect of noise

The nonspecific influence of noise manifests itself in the form of extraaural effects.

People exposed to noise most often complain of headaches, which can have different intensity and localization, dizziness when changing body position, memory loss, increased fatigue, drowsiness, sleep disturbances, emotional instability, loss of appetite, sweating, pain in the heart area.

The influence of noise can manifest itself as a violation of the function of the cardiovascular system, for example, broadband noise above 90 dBA, dominated by high frequencies, can provoke the development of arterial hypertension, in addition, broadband noise causes significant changes in peripheral circulation.

It should be remembered that

You can get used to the subjective perception of noise and it will no longer be so noticeable to you, but adaptation to non-specific vegetative reactions is impossible. That is, in the physiological sense, no habituation to noise is observed, the frequency and severity of nonspecific changes increase along with an increase in the time of contact with noise, for example, with an increase in work experience in noisy production.

If the noise intensity is higher than 95 dBA, then it is possible to detect violations of vitamin, protein, carbohydrate, cholesterol and water-salt types of metabolism.

Noise is one of the strongest stress agents. The influence of noise affects the functions of the endocrine and immune systems of the body, in particular, this can manifest itself in the form of three main biological effects:

• Decreased immunity to infectious diseases;
• Decreased immunity against the development of tumor processes;
• The emergence of favorable conditions for the emergence and development of allergic and autoimmune processes.

It has been proven that along with hearing loss, changes occur that contribute to a decrease in the resistance of the human body, for example, with an increase in industrial noise by 10 dBA, the overall incidence of workers increases by 1.2-1.3 times.

At the same time, it was found that the rate of development of hearing loss is almost 3 times higher than the rate of growth of neurovascular disorders, which corresponds to 1.5 and 0.5% per 1 dBA, that is, with an increase in noise by 1 dBA, hearing loss will increase by 1 .5%, and neurovascular disorders - by 0.5%. When exposed to noise above 85 dBA for every 1 dBA, neurovascular disorders develop half a year earlier than at lower levels.

As you can see, the impact of noise on the body is quite multifaceted and its harmful effects should be avoided, therefore, measures to improve your personal space in terms of protecting it from the noise factor are quite relevant for a modern technogenic and urbanized society.

The impact of noise on a person depends on the noise level, its characteristics and spectrum, exposure time, resonance phenomena. It also depends on the state of health, the adaptability of the body, the individual characteristics of the person and other factors.

The unpleasant effect of noise affects the emotional mood, motivation of actions, initiative, maybe, but, as a rule, does not manifest itself in the deterioration of work; in any case, it causes inconvenience to a person.

The disturbing effect of noise adversely affects the work of a person in that it causes strong concomitant irritations that negatively affect the main work of a person; increases the workload.

The harmful effects of noise cause pathological changes in the organ of hearing, worsen the state of the nervous system and the whole organism. It has a negative effect on certain types of human activity associated with changing certain situations, long-term management work and unforeseen reception of information that require attention. Short-term mental and physical activity is essentially independent of uniform exposure to noise of high intensity or high frequency.

Noise distracts a person's attention and thus has a negative effect in cases where it is necessary to monitor the flow of information or random changes.

Strong industrial noise adversely affects the human body. It reduces his working capacity, labor productivity, increases the susceptibility to heart attacks, increases the likelihood of neuroses and nervous diseases, worsens eyesight, causes headaches, mental depression, fatigue, causes a decrease in attention and psychological focus on work and an increase in reaction time. Noise disrupts relationships between people, a calm working environment. It causes a sharp deterioration in health in certain types of diseases, nervousness, a tendency to conflict situations. The unpleasant effects of noise have a stronger effect on mental than physical work.

According to the studies of E. Weil (France), exposure to strong noise causes the following mental disorders: disorders of the nervous system and the system of internal secretion, changes in the instinct of self-preservation, intellectual degeneration and inability to self-control, unwillingness to work, disturbance of a balanced state, conflicts between workers based on mental irritation.

The noise is more unpleasant, the narrower the frequency band and the higher the intensity. The most harmful effect is produced by noise, which has high tones in its composition.

Noise above 500 Hz is more disturbing (error causing) than lower frequency noise. Intermittent chaotic noise is more harmful than constant noise. Noise with variable intensity (eg 40-70 dB) is more harmful than sound with constant intensity (eg 80 dB).

Unexpectedly occurring intense noise and sound (for example, impact) are very dangerous and have a significant impact on the decrease in productivity.

Rhythmically fluctuating and stepped noise, hissing, thunder and creaking can be unpleasant; they reduce the ability to perform coordinated movements quickly and accurately.

Strong noise causes difficulties in estimating distance and time, in recognizing color signals, reduces the speed of color perception, visual acuity, visual reaction at night, and disrupts the perception of visual information.

Labor productivity decreases by 5-12%. By reducing the noise level by 20%, it is possible to achieve an increase in labor productivity by 5-10%. Prolonged exposure to noise with an intensity of about 90 dB reduces labor productivity by 30-60%.

Monotonous monotonous sound or noise causes fatigue and increases the feeling of monotony. Noise and signaling sound such as telephone ringing, loudspeaker sound, etc. interfere with operation.

Industrial noise, especially associated with pleasant and necessary work, is perceived normally and does not irritate. The worker, as a rule, is not annoyed by the noise of his own machine, but is annoyed by unpleasant, uncontrollable noise that appears unexpectedly from other machines.

A person aged 20-40 years tolerates strong noise worse than a person older or younger than this age, women tolerate noise better than men. People suffering from hypertension tolerate loud noise worse than healthy people.

A person does not perceive the normal noise of the living space. He just needs it. A quiet and noiseless environment negatively affects the human psyche, since absolute silence is not habitual for a person.

Rice. 1. Human exposure to noise

Noise levels are given and not included!. noe, interfering and harmful effects on the body of a working person, on his thinking, actions, on the reception of information and a decrease in labor productivity.