How to calculate a normal pulse in a person. Pulse study and what is a high pulse

Pulse is a word that every person has heard in life. But what it is and its exact concept is not known to everyone. The characteristics of the pulse can tell a lot about the state of health, give a signal of failures in it, which will help to identify the pathology at an early stage. You need to know all this to control your body, because the phrase “keep your finger on the pulse” is more relevant than ever.

In the general concept of this term, there is a division into types of pulse. Each of them has its own normative values, which show the functioning of the whole organism.

Arterial

This is the rhythmic contraction of the walls of the arteries with the ejection of blood supplied by the contracting heart muscle. Pulse waves begin at the orifice of the aortic valve when the left ventricle of the heart ejects blood.

Its main wave is formed due to a surge of systolic pressure during the expansion of the vascular bed, and when the walls decline, they take on their original shape. Cyclic contractions of the myocardium create a rhythm of oscillation of the aortic surfaces, which leads to a mechanical pulse wave.

It passes first through the large arteries, smoothly moving to the small ones, and lastly to the capillaries.

Interesting! In the capillary grid, the pulse readings are zero, which is why it is impossible to feel the pulse at the level of arterioles, but the blood flow in them is uniform and smooth.

Capillary

It is also called the Quincke pulse. This is the movement of the capillaries, which is most often checked by pressing on the tip of the nail. Redness of the nail plate shows the heart rate. Its manifestation is a deviation from the norm, because in a healthy person the movement of blood through the capillary network must be continuous, since the precapillary sphincters are constantly working.

If it appeared, then we are talking about a significant fluctuation and diastolic pressure. The load does not allow precapillary sphincters to work fully. Pulse properties are observed in people with pathological aortic valve insufficiency.

Venous

The heartbeat is reflected not only in the arterial bed, but also in the venous. With a positive venous pulse, they are diagnosed. But the negative is considered to be normative, but in the small and medium venous grid it is not.

If we compare venous waves with arterial ones, then the first ones are smoother, even sluggish, with a longer period of rise than fall.

The main characteristics of the pulse

There are 6 main features:

Rhythm,which shows how heart fluctuations alternate in equal intervals of time. A failure in cyclicity is characteristic of extrasystole - foci with additional signals or heart block due to non-conduction of a nerve impulse.

Frequency (HR)shows how many times the heart beats in one minute. Probing is carried out with a heart rate monitor or tonometer. Deviations are of 2 types:

• less than 50 beats / min - bradycardia occurs with slow cardiac work;
• more than 90 beats / min - tachycardia is an excessive pulsation of the muscle.

Value, which is directly dependent on the intensity and fullness of the blood flow. It is measured by fluctuations of the artery wall with the elasticity of the vessels, systole and diastole. There are 4 types of deviations:

• large, in which a huge volume of blood is pumped in the arteries with an increased tone of the bloodstream, which is typical for problems with the aortic valve and hyperfunction of the thyroid gland;
• small , which most often provokes narrowing of the aorta, cardiac tachycardia, excessive elasticity of blood vessels;
• filiform , in which it is difficult to feel the blows, shock or severe blood loss leads to this;
• intermittent, provoked by fluctuations of large and small waves, is diagnosed with severe myocardial damage.

Voltage- the force that is necessary to completely stop arterial blood flow. Directly depends on the pressure of the systolic type. Deviations are:

• tense due to high blood pressure;
• soft, when the artery is blocked without effort.

Filling. This is the amount of blood that the artery throws out, which is reflected in the fluctuation of the vascular walls. Full pulse is the standard value of this indicator. With an empty pulse, the ventricles do not release enough blood into the arterial bed.

The formdepends on how quickly the pressure level changes during contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle. Deviations from the norm are as follows:

• soon when the ventricles eject a lot of blood with increased elasticity of the vascular bed, which leads to a sharp decrease in pressure during the decline of the wave, which is characteristic of aortic valve insufficiency and thyrotoxicosis;
• slow , which is characterized by small pressure drops, which indicates a narrowing of the aortic walls or mitral valve insufficiency;
• narration , diagnosed with an additional wave, which is associated with a decrease in tone in peripheral vessels with normal functioning of the myocardium.

Measurement methods

Pulsometry involves the study of the pulse in a convenient place for this, most often this is the wrist, where the radial artery flows.

On palpation, the pulse is felt well, because the bloodstream is close to the skin. Sometimes checking for contractions is done by palpating the carotid, temporal, subclavian, brachial, or femoral arteries.

To complete the picture, you need to check the heart pulse on both hands. With good rhythm, the check takes half a minute, and the value is multiplied by 2. Athletes use heart rate monitors during training, show heart rate. The device can include different functionality, while running it is indispensable. This technique is quite accurate and is therefore recommended by the WHO.

There are cases when heart rate measurements will not give accurate results, these include:

• hypothermia, extreme heat or prolonged exposure to sunlight;
• consumption of hot food and drinks;
• smoking and alcohol;
• a quarter of an hour after intercourse;
• 30 minutes after a relaxing bath or massage;
• severe hunger;
• premenstrual and menstrual period.

Pulse rates

The value may vary depending on the age, gender and physical activity of the patient.

The pulse rate for people of different ages can be determined from the following table.

Athletes

For people with increased physical activity, the results of the pulse and its standard values ​​are very important, because their health directly depends on it. Excessive overload is quite dangerous and can lead to serious consequences, including a heart attack, which often occurs with arrhythmias. During physical activity, the heart rate will always be higher than at rest. When walking, this value is on average 100 beats / min, and when running, it can reach up to 150.

Interesting! It is easy to check your health status by pulse. To do this, you need to go up to the 3rd floor at a normal speed and measure your heart rate. With an indicator of up to 100 beats / min, the physical form of a person is considered excellent, if it is 15-20 beats higher than this value, then you need to go in for sports to put your body in order.

For athletes, standard values ​​have been established at which the load on the body will be normal. On average, with a pulse of 100-130 beats / min, an increase in activity to values ​​​​of 130-150 beats / min is acceptable. An indicator of 200 beats / min is considered critical and one at which the activity of classes needs to be reduced, since this will negatively affect the work of the entire cardiovascular system.

Usually, it takes about 5 minutes for a healthy person to return the pulse after training, if this does not happen, then the cardiovascular system does not work properly, which may be evidence of a serious pathology.

What does heart rate depend on?

The characteristics of the pulse may vary depending on various factors such as environment, age, physiological or pathological causes. The gender of a person is also important, so the female heart beats at a faster rate than that of men. To summarize, the heart rate is more dependent on the causes:

1. Physiological plan, such as stress, stress, eating and digesting food. There are drinks that have a significant effect on the pulse. These are caffeinated, including coca-cola and alcohol. Smokers also have a faster heart rate. Sleep and monotonous work help slow down the process of ventricular fibrillation and the release of blood by them.
2. Pathological, for example, infectious diseases, hypertension, neoplasms, asthma, bronchitis, heart attack, large blood loss. Often the cause of a slow heart rate is a side effect of certain medications. If the heart is malfunctioning, then the pulse waves will be irregular, and if the veins in the arms and legs are blocked, it is completely absent.

Possible pathologies

A certain state of a person's pulse may indicate that a pathological process is going on in his body. There are generalized indicators characteristic of certain diseases.

With a high heart rate

Tachycardia most often occurs with the following pathologies:

• congenital defect;
• heart disease, which even at rest gives a rapid pulse;
• malfunction of the nervous system;
• disruption of the endocrine system;
• benign and malignant neoplasms;
• infectious diseases.

Diabetes mellitus also provokes large pulse values, which, naturally, with such a failure in the production of hormones. For diabetics, this is a signal that it is necessary to take measures to improve the condition, for example, by taking the right medicine.

With high pulse and pressure fluctuations

In just three cases, such a state can be considered normative:

1. Strong psycho-emotional stress, like fear, horror, experience, great joy, excitement, euphoria. An excited nervous system produces adrenaline, which narrows the vascular bed, which leads to a rapid heartbeat and an increase in blood pressure. With a decline in emotions, everything returns to its original state.
2. Excessive physical activity, like sports or hard work. For such actions, the body needs a large amount of oxygen, which it receives by increasing the pressure and contraction of the heart muscle.
3. Abuse of alcohol, coffee and strong tea. In the last two cases, caffeine is to blame, which tones the body, and there are a lot of toxins in alcohol, which lead to stress on the cardiovascular system.

But often this condition is a sign of pathology, like a neoplasm in the adrenal glands, which begin to produce an excess of hormones, which is comparable to the effect of adrenaline. The pathological work of this organ is also characteristic of Addison's disease.

Hyperthyroidism, diseases of the neurogenic and psychogenic type also lead to problems with the pulse and pressure. Hypertensive patients and patients with endocrine, renal, vascular pathologies are also at risk.

With a low heart rate

Pathological bradycardia is not uncommon for:

• pre-infarction and post-infarction state and the attack itself;
• inflammation or muscle intoxication;
• changes in blood vessels and heart due to age;
• increased intracranial pressure;
• ulcers;
• myxedema;
• hypothyroidism.

Atony also leads to failures in heart rate and even bring this figure up to 50 beats / min. Decreased heart rate is the result of a violation of the output system of the heart, when the electrical impulses of the myocardium do not work properly. A slight failure of sinus rhythm usually does not give any special signs and the patient does not pay attention to it. When a healthy person's pulse drops, this will manifest itself in:

• dizziness;
• weaknesses;
• cold sweat;
• loss of consciousness;
• in a critical case - hypoxia.

Often there is drug-induced bradycardia, the signs of which are some pharmaceuticals. The idiopathic form of bradycardia has no established causes, but is no less dangerous for a person, especially with pathologies of the cardiovascular system.

Our body is very sensitive to various changes occurring inside it. Very often, he subtly reacts to the development of a disease, letting us know that not everything is in order with him, and it's time to see a doctor. One of the clear signs of problems in the body is a rapid heartbeat or tachycardia. What are the causes of increased heart rate and how to deal with this syndrome?

The human heart beats rhythmically throughout his life, pumping liters of blood every day. Typically, the pulse rate, depending on certain factors, ranges from 50 to 150 beats per minute.

The generally accepted norm is that the pulse rate of a healthy person in a calm state should not be higher than 60-80 beats in 60 seconds. However, for a single bipedal inhabitant of the planet Earth, this indicator may differ. The pulse rate depends on age, physical and psycho-emotional state, the presence of physical activity and many other factors. For example, in a child, due to the development and growth of the body, as well as a mobile lifestyle, this indicator is higher than that of an average adult. In this case, the child, even with a rapid pulse, will feel very good in most cases. Below in the table you can see the approximate indicators of the level of a person's heartbeat, depending on his age.

Thanks to the table, it is clearly seen that the older the child, the lower the upper limit of the pulse rate - the heart rate becomes calmer. In a normal state and with the good work of the organ pumping blood, we do not feel or hear the beats of the heart. However, during attacks of palpitations, a person may well clearly not only hear, but even feel how fast this organ is contracting. A condition in which there is a rapid pulse is called tachycardia.

If an attack of tachycardia passes quickly or does not cause any particular inconvenience, is not accompanied by a serious deterioration in the general condition of the body, then, most likely, it is not a sign of anything terrible. But if palpitations are accompanied by dizziness, nausea, increased or decreased pressure, or arrhythmia, then a visit to the doctor is required.

As a rule, palpitations usually appear suddenly and disappear just as suddenly. Sometimes such an attack can last for a very short time, and in other cases the heart will beat too often for hours or even days.

To understand that a person is faced with an attack of tachycardia, his body will help him. The main symptoms of this syndrome are as follows:

• clearly audible heartbeats;
• labored breathing;
• panic state;
• dizziness;
• darkening in the eyes;
• chest pain;
• feeling of heat;
• a feeling of stupidity.

These symptoms may appear singly or in addition to each other. However, it is worth remembering that in a child, sharp jumps in the pulse rate without being accompanied by other symptoms may be the norm, since the child's body is more changeable, and the heart easily adapts to the new rhythm of work. But if the seizures appear accompanied by a general deterioration in the condition or far exceed the normal values ​​\u200b\u200bpresented in the table above, then you should consult a doctor.

Causes of a fast heart rate

Heart palpitations occur more often in the fairer sex than in men. It is especially pronounced in overly emotional ladies, impulsive and temperamental natures. In addition, an increased pulse is often a companion of those people who are prone to self-abasement, frequent and groundless experiences, and mood swings. Also, people who are in depressive states, who are overly demanding of themselves and the world around them, are also subject to attacks of tachycardia.

What are the main causes of rapid heart rate? It can be:

• the use of antidepressants and other drugs;
• severe stress of a positive or negative nature;
• use of alcohol, nicotine, drugs;
• excess weight;
• disturbing dreams or insomnia;
• drinking strong tea or caffeinated drinks (coffee, energy drinks);
• overwork;
• the use of certain pharmaceuticals;
• physical exercise;
• pregnancy;
• age.

It is worth noting that in the last stages of pregnancy, an increase in heart rate is considered the norm. Also, various diseases can cause an increase in the frequency of heart beats:

• influenza or SARS;
• diseases of the organs of the hematopoietic system;
• thyroid pathology;
• psychological illnesses;
• tumors of various etiologies.

Elevated body temperature is often the cause of a rapid heartbeat. Doctors note that for every extra degree, the pulse rate increases by an average of 10 units.

Often, people engaged in hard mental work, working in serious leadership positions, suffer from an increase in heart rate. The responsibility that lies on their shoulders is often a source of considerable stress and anxiety and, consequently, an increase in the level of the heartbeat. Also, the cause of tachycardia can be the death of a loved one, problems in the family or at work, and much more.

Among the heart diseases that cause tachycardia (and it is one of the signs of their development), the following can be distinguished:

• heart disease;
• ischemia;
• myocarditis;
• arterial hypertension;
• cardiomyopathy;
• myocardial dystrophy;
• pathological structure of the heart and others.

Also, an increase in heart rate can occur in women during menopause, with bleeding, the development of purulent infections or anemia. Often, tachycardia is a companion of people who avoid playing sports, lead a sedentary lifestyle, do not allow themselves to rest, and those who do not like walking in the fresh air.

Scientists say that the use of chocolate in large quantities has a negative effect not only on the figure - the heart of a lover of sweets is also subjected to serious tests. Tachycardia is a frequent companion of chocolate lovers.

In fact, there are a great many reasons due to which the frequency of contractions of the heart muscle may increase. But it is important to learn to distinguish the so-called pathological tachycardia from the normal reaction of the body to certain loads on it. To do this, you should regularly monitor the heart rate in various states: for example, in a calm and after physical education, during stress and immediately after sleep, and so on.

Remember that an increase in heart rate in itself is not a disease as such, but this indicator may be one of the signs of the development of a serious pathology. That is why, if the attacks are repeated quite often and occur for no apparent reason, it is imperative to visit a doctor.

Video - Rapid heartbeat. How to calm the heart

Diagnostics

If attacks of palpitations disturbed you in order or were accompanied by other unpleasant symptoms, then most likely you have already made an appointment with a cardiologist. What should you be prepared for, what can a doctor prescribe?

Since a rapid pulse is a sign of the possible development of certain diseases, the specialist will definitely prescribe a set of examinations that you will need to undergo. To begin with, the cardiologist will conduct a general examination of the patient, measure blood pressure, pulse rate, and interview the patient. Based on the information collected, he will appoint a specific list of studies. Scheduled examinations may include:

• Ultrasound of the heart;
• blood test (both general and hormone levels);
• electrocardiogram.

As a rule, a patient with a rapid pulse is also referred to an endocrinologist, since often diseases of the thyroid gland and other organs of the endocrine system cause a change in the heart rate. After conducting all the necessary examinations, the doctor will identify the cause of the rapid pulse and prescribe the necessary treatment.

Treatment

The treatment for heart palpitations is to eliminate its cause. That is, for example, if this syndrome arose due to the developed diseases of the endocrine system, then, after its condition returns to normal, the pulse rate will also decrease. If the cause of a rapid heartbeat is that a person has an increase in temperature, then after its decrease, the pulse rate will return to normal.

For people who are depressed or have other psychological problems and disorders, a specialist may prescribe various sedatives or antidepressants. It is also recommended that such patients make an appointment with a psychotherapist. Therapy sessions will help restore a harmonious state of mind, calm you down, set you in a positive mood, and a rapid pulse will no longer accompany a person.

Aromatherapy sessions, spa visits or meditation are very calming. It’s good if during an attack of heart palpitations you can set aside 15-20 minutes in the middle of the working day and retire somewhere in a quiet and peaceful place with a cup of green tea. A weak black tea with mint or milk also calms and normalizes the pulse.

To return the pulse to normal will help such drugs as Corvalol, Valocordin. Take the drug according to the instructions and try to lie down. The pulse rate returns to normal after a few minutes.

If a tachycardia attack suddenly caught you jogging in the park, then you should sit on a bench and take a break. You should not torture yourself and try to overcome the intended distance, if you feel that it is very difficult for the body at the moment.

Those who have suffered from frequent bouts of heart palpitations are advised to visit several sessions of acupressure of the neck. However, remember that it is worth finding a good specialist in this field. Improper massage technique can only aggravate the condition.

Video - Treatment of tachycardia at home

Prevention

How to avoid tachycardia? In old age, most likely, it will not be possible to completely escape from it, but young people can reduce the risk of this condition. The main preventive measures are as follows:

1. Proper nutrition. Eat "healthy" foods, avoid eating salty, spicy, fatty and sweet foods too often. Make sure that your menu contains all the vitamins, minerals and other useful substances that the body needs.
2. Control your caffeine intake. One cup of coffee in the morning is enough to wake you up. Do not drink this drink, as well as others containing caffeine, throughout the working day. Do not abuse and strong black tea.
3. Give up smoking and alcohol. Nicotine and alcohol will not lead to good, their use negatively affects not only the heart, but also the whole body. And the less you use them, the higher the chance of maintaining health until old age.
4. Healthy lifestyle. Periodically arrange evening walks in the park, go in for sports. The gym, swimming pool, fitness and other outdoor activities will add vigor to you, make your body stronger and more resilient. Experts also recommend attending yoga classes - they normalize breathing and strengthen the body.
5. Avoid stress. Do not worry too much about failures at work or in your personal life. After a black streak in life, a white streak is sure to come, which means that all the best is yet to come. It is also best to simply avoid those stressful situations that you can control as much as possible.
6. Don't forget to rest. Overwork is one of the main reasons for the rapid deterioration of all body systems. Do not overload yourself with work beyond measure, be sure to take at least one day off a week.

Raised heart rate is rarely dangerous in itself, but it can sometimes signal something wrong with our body. If you are faced with tachycardia for the first time, then you should observe your condition for a while and periodically check your pulse rate. If you visited a doctor and you were prescribed a certain course of treatment, then you should definitely go through it. But you should not self-medicate if tachycardia attacks cause you serious inconvenience.

The pulse is the rhythmic fluctuation of the volume of blood within the vessels. caused by myocardial contraction. They are caused by pressure in the vessels for 1 cardiac cycle. The manifestation of this process occurs as shocks during probing of large vessels.

• 60-80 strokes/min. This indicator should be measured in a supine position and mainly after sleep, in the morning.
• We must not forget that the pulse is affected such a circumstance as age.

  For example, in infants, it can be equal to 140 beats per minute. A low pulse in an elderly person reaches approximately 65 beats per minute.

  The highest rates are found in preschool children, often around 100 beats per minute. Over time, the pulse decreases, and by old age, its characteristics will become the lowest. But experts have found that before death, it can rise again and reach 160 beats per minute.

• The pulse has the ability to change taking into account the physical and emotional state. For example, with running and other loads, an increase occurs; stressful situations and other emotional upheavals cause high pulse characteristics.

What heart rate is considered low

Low heart rate is a fairly popular phenomenon, provoked by a malfunction in the functioning of the heartbeat.

Experts believe that with the characteristics of the pulse less than 55 beats per minute there are all signs of diagnosing a pathology in a person, which is associated with malfunctions in the functioning of the heart. Such dysfunctions are otherwise referred to as bradycardia.

Low pulse and low blood pressure- obvious symptom
om bradycardia. Basically, a decrease to 50 beats per minute can be observed with low blood pressure.

In addition, these indicators associated with physiological factors: for example, it has the property to decrease in a calm state or during deep sleep. This process can be observed during a long stay in a cold place or a sudden change in climate. When the pulse decreases without objective reasons, you should consult your doctor.

Decreased heart rate up to 50 or 40 beats per minute, indicates violations in the functioning of the heart, therefore, during the observation of this symptom, you should ask for recommendations from a cardiologist for subsequent diagnosis.

Preliminary, it is necessary to make a cardiogram of the heart. When the diagnosis establishes that the pulse corresponds to the heart rate, that is, the characteristics of these 2 categories are identical, then there are grounds to declare that a person has bradycardia.

In another article, we talk a lot about .

Low heart rate symptoms

A low pulse can also occur in the absence of symptoms, for example, if this is a physiological feature of a person. Then there is no reason to worry - such symptoms do not pose a threat to life. Insignificant deviations in the heart rhythm may not cause discomfort or complaints to a person.

When the pulse becomes very small (less than 40 beats / min), the following pathology appears:

• Poor sleep, irritability.
• Failures in the work of the cardiovascular system.
• Lethargy.
• Difficult breathing.
• Hypertension or hypotension.
• Vertigo.
• Cold sweat.
• Nausea.
• Failures in coordination.
• Unconscious state.

Possible consequences of bradycardia may include permanent syncope, heart failure, in critical situations - sudden cardiac arrest. In this regard, it is necessary to detect the symptoms of such a pathological phenomenon in time and consult a cardiologist.

Bradycardia is not always provoked by heart disease, popular causes include dysfunction in the endocrine system, hypotension, intoxication, diseases of the nervous system, infectious diseases, high intracranial pressure.

Causes of a low heart rate

Changes in the myocardium are due to the replacement of muscle cells with scar tissue and affect the main "generator" of contraction of cardiac impulses, the sinus node. This phenomenon is referred to as sick sinus syndrome.

Often, the cause of bradycardia is thought to be an irregular functioning of the heart, when some of the contractions of the heart are not strong enough to be felt on the wrist.

Such a situation could be:

• during persistent failures, ;
• atrial fibrillation. Here you can read about .
• heart block.

Low heart rate causes:

• prolonged stay at low temperature;
• increased activity of the parasympathetic nervous system;
• the development of intracranial pressure, which occurs during cerebral edema, neoplasms, hemorrhage in the brain and membranes, with meningitis;
• certain medications, such as beta-blockers or antiarrhythmic drugs;
• intoxication with various chemicals;
• interruptions in the work of the thyroid gland, for example, during the period of hypothyroidism;
• infectious diseases.

In addition, a decrease in heart rate can often be observed in people involved in sports and at a young age who regularly exercise. A low pulse in a similar category of people is the norm when there are no pathological symptoms.

If a child has a pronounced low pulse, this is a signal of insufficient blood supply. In this situation, you need to consult with a cardiologist.

What does a low heart rate mean?

Bradycardia speaks of heart rhythm failures due to disturbances in the functioning of the myocardium. The causes are varied, the most common being hypotension.

It is possible to establish the development of heart pathology with the help of cardio
frames. It can develop in connection with dysfunction of the sinus node, which produces an electrical impulse.

The result of this process will be a poor supply of oxygen to organs and tissues, substances that are required for proper operation.

This leads to a variety of failures in the functioning of internal systems and organs.

Bradycardia does not bother the patient at first, but over time, other traditional signs of a low pulse are added to it:

• persistent dizziness and headache;
• general lethargy and fatigue;
• nausea and gag reflex;
• fainting states.

With a lack of oxygen, fainting, dizziness, a headache and a low pulse can become an extremely dangerous condition.

Changes in the pulse provoke endocrine pathology, psychological stressful situations, various thyroid diseases and the use of hormonal drugs.

A slow pulse is considered a companion of coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, congenital and acquired defects, myocardial infarction.

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A low heart rate can be raised at home. To achieve the maximum effect, you should consult with a cardiologist in advance.

It is permissible to use folk remedies only when the cause of bradycardia is established:

1. Normalize the number of heartbeats possibly through the use of honey and radish. To do this, you need to cut the radish in two and make a small hole in the middle with a knife. Put 1 teaspoon of honey inside and put the radish overnight. The finished syrup will be the daily dosage, it must be divided into two or three times.
2. Restore heart rhythm perhaps through the use of lemon and garlic. To prepare the recipe, you will need about 5 lemons and 5 heads of garlic. Squeeze out the lemon juice and chop the garlic cloves as finely as possible. Mix the ingredients and mix with a mass of 400 g of honey. Consume 2 tablespoons of the mixture before meals for 30 days.
3. Eliminate bradycardia at home possibly using walnuts. Peel 0.5 kg of nuts and chop. Add to them 0.25 kg of sugar and 200 ml of sesame oil. Take 2 tablespoons three times a day.
4. Relieve symptoms of bradycardia will give the opportunity to tincture on alcohol and young pine shoots. Pour 300 ml of alcohol shoots. Let it brew for 10 days in a dark, cool place. Take 20 drops twice a day.
5. Mustard baths to raise the pulse. For this purpose, 150 g of mustard powder are added to the prepared bath. It is permissible to carry out the procedure daily for 15 minutes. Helps improve blood flow to the heart muscles and increases heart rate.
6. Boil 3 tablespoons of rose hips in 400 ml of water for 15 minutes. Cool the resulting broth and strain through gauze, which must be folded in several layers. Add 3 tablespoons of honey. You need to use the remedy for half a glass twice a day.
7. Eliminate bradycardia soon possibly using ordinary mustard plasters. They need to be placed on the chest. Burning will stimulate blood flow, this will increase the number of pulse beats.

• It is impossible to solve this problem on your own. Therefore, medical attention will be required with a low pulse. Self-treatment can cause adverse complications. In this regard, during the lowering, you need to contact a specialist.
• When he does not detect dangerous symptoms, then he can advise the method of therapy and recommend means, as well as what manipulations to carry out at home in order to bring the pulse back to normal.
• One of the most popular ways the use of a mustard plaster is considered. Often it is applied for 5 minutes to the place to the right of the heart. The optimal time for this procedure is 3 minutes. You should not do the procedure very often, as there will be a risk of adverse complications.
• Effectively normalize heart rate you can take drinks that contain caffeine, decoctions made from ginseng and guarana.
• During low blood pressure bradycardia a likely factor that caused this condition is a violation of the thyroid gland. Here consultation of the endocrinologist is required. He must take into account the results of ultrasound examinations of the thyroid gland, hormones, etc., prescribe an effective therapy designed to normalize the pulse.

  So, an increase in the pulse rate is the business of a doctor, only a timely consultation with a specialist and following his recommendations will help get rid of the signs of bradycardia and its symptoms.

What is the danger of low heart rate

• Bradycardia may occur as a result of failures in the rhythm of heart contractions due to hypotension, pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, regular neurosis, endocrine ailments.
• Similar symptoms provokes an increase in the normal content of potassium in the bloodstream, an overdose of medications, including beta-blockers, which lower blood pressure and the activity of the functioning of the heart muscle.
• The risk of bradycardia is in the fact that in connection with such symptoms there is an improper blood supply to the brain and the rest of the body, which leads to dysfunction. For example, this process is unsafe for the elderly, whose vessels do not sufficiently maintain tone.
• When a bradycardia attack happens unexpectedly, you need to call an ambulance without delay. This phenomenon is otherwise referred to as "conduction block" and causes a fatal arrhythmia.

  A decrease in heart rate to 30 beats per minute may be a precursor to unconsciousness. In this situation, it is necessary to carry out resuscitation before the arrival of doctors.

• "sick sinus" syndrome(a condition characterized by the fact that the pacemaker is unable to perform its function and the frequency of impulses is reduced) is a fairly common phenomenon now. It can only be diagnosed with a Holter ECG scan.

Accompanying symptoms - causes, what to do?

Pathological bradycardia is mostly provoked by various symptoms unrelated to the functioning of the heart.

Factors that provoke a decrease in heart rate are:

• neoplasms in the brain;
• myxedema;
• medications used in the treatment of heart disease and hypertension;
• neurosis;
• body aging;
• low blood pressure;
• typhoid fever;
• hypothyroidism;
• increased intracranial pressure;
• electrolyte disturbances;
• viral infection;
• atherosclerosis;

In such cases, it is necessary to cure the underlying ailment.

For these purposes, the patient must do the following studies:

1. electrocardiogram;
2. ultrasound examination of the heart;
3. coronary angiography;
4. daily study using a portable electrocardiograph.

If using these research methods, malfunctions in the functioning of the heart are not detected, and bradycardia is still present, the patient should be sent to other specialists who will identify the cause.

Low heart rate during pregnancy

Bradycardia during pregnancy - a fairly common occurrence. Often, women calmly cope with it, but there are situations when, during a decrease in the pulse, painful sensations occur, such as dizziness, lethargy, fatigue and drowsiness, and in certain cases, fainting is observed.

The correct functioning of the cardiovascular system shows the characteristics of the pulse. This is the first thing that is checked in a person who asked for an ambulance. Although, at first glance, it seems that this indicator does not carry much information about the state of the body and is not so important, it should still be given special attention. By the frequency of pulsations, malfunctions in the work of the heart, the presence of inflammation and other serious diseases are determined. The pulse character gives a general picture of the state of the organism. It is impossible to diagnose a specific disease only by reading the pulse, but it is possible to identify the direction of the problem.

What it is?

The heart pumps blood continuously throughout the body. When it passes through the veins and arteries, it hits their walls due to resistance. These shocks are felt in those places where the vessels pass close to the surface of the skin. This is called the pulse and is indicated by beats per minute. The properties of the pulse depend on a number of factors and they determine the heart rate. There are such types of pulse:

• - jerky oscillation in the artery, which occurs when filled with blood and has the characteristics of a pulse;
• venous - pulsation of large veins in the neck and close to the heart;
• capillary is a change in the color of the nail bed.

Briefly about the characteristics that are determined during the study:

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• frequency reflects the number of full oscillations of the walls of the vessel, determined by palpation;
• rhythm is determined by the interval between tremors of blood, shows the correct functioning of the heart;
• the filling of the pulse characterizes the volume of blood that entered the artery;
• tension refers to the force that is needed to clamp the artery;
• the shape of the pulse means the rate at which the volume of the artery changes;
• height - a value that combines tension and content, it corresponds to the sum of their indicators.

How to measure?

The way to measure heart rate is by palpation of the pulse. More often, the study of the pulse is carried out on the artery located on the wrist under the thumb and which is called the radial one. The hand should be relaxed, and the hand should be clasped so that the thumb is on the back side, and the rest on the front surface. To obtain an accurate result, measurements are taken simultaneously on two hands. You can measure pulse shocks in other arteries:

• sleepy;
• femoral;
• temporal;
• brachial.

With a slow, weak heartbeat, the peripheral pulse will be faintly felt, so it is difficult to find and determine it. In this case, the study should be done on the carotid artery. On the area where this artery is located - on the front edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, slightly above the Adam's apple - you need to put two fingers, index and middle. In this case, it is impossible to simultaneously determine the frequencies of pulse waves simultaneously from two sides.

During normal heart function, the number of pulsations is calculated in 30 seconds and the result is doubled. If there are rhythm disturbances, then measurements are taken for a minute. A person who knows, independently conducts a measurement, and even deviations can be detected: is the pulse of blood rhythmic and what is the frequency? The correctness of the diagnosis depends on the quality of the measurements.

What does it depend on?

The nature of the pulse depends on various factors - the action of the environment, physiological, pathological factors and age. Gender also has an influence - in women, the frequency is higher than in men. The main reasons that have an impact on the reduction rate:

• Physiological. Physical activity, stress, eating and digesting food, drinks such as coffee, coca-cola, alcohol, smoking increase the heart rate. During sleep and monotonous quiet work, a slowdown occurs.
• Pathological. An increase in heart rate is provoked by infectious diseases, hypertension, tumors, asthma, bronchitis, and blood loss. Heart attack, side effects from various drugs slow down the pulse. When the heart is disturbed, the pulse wave becomes irregular. With blockage of blood vessels in the limbs, it may be completely absent.

Age norms

The age of a person affects the heart rate. Newborn children usually have a high frequency, in contrast to the adult. It is also believed that before death, the frequency of pulse waves increases, for what reasons, there is no exact explanation. The table shows the normal pulse depending on age. But it should be understood that these indicators relate exclusively to a healthy person, without pathologies and in a normal calm state.

Reasons for change

With age, there is a change in the value of the pulse in the norm. This is due to the fact that in a small newborn child, the heart is very small, so it must contract more often in order to pump the right amount of blood into the body. As the body grows, the heart becomes large, which means that it can work more slowly. Therefore, in adults under 50 years of age, the frequency is on average 70 beats / min. Under the influence of loads on the body, the heart also has to work faster to cover the oxygen consumption. In athletes who have a pumped up strong heart, the contraction rate is low - 40 beats, and this is the norm for them.

There are arterial, capillary and venous pulses.

arterial pulse- these are rhythmic oscillations of the artery wall, due to the release of blood into the arterial system during one contraction of the heart. There are central (on the aorta, carotid arteries) and peripheral (on the radial, dorsal artery of the foot and some other arteries) pulse.

For diagnostic purposes, the pulse is also determined on the temporal, femoral, brachial, popliteal, posterior tibial and other arteries.

More often, the pulse is examined in adults on the radial artery, which is located superficially between the styloid process of the radial brush and the tendon of the internal radial muscle.

When examining the arterial pulse, it is important to determine its quality: frequency, rhythm, filling, tension, and other characteristics. The nature of the pulse also depends on the elasticity of the artery wall.

Frequency is the number of wave pulses per minute. Normally, in an adult healthy person, the pulse is 60-80 beats per minute. An increase in heart rate of 85-90 beats per minute is called tachycardia. A decrease in heart rate below 60 beats per minute is called bradycardia. The absence of a pulse is called asystole. With an increase in body temperature by 1 0 C, the pulse increases in adults by 8-10 beats per minute.

Rhythmpulse determined by the intervals between pulse waves. If they are the same - the pulse rhythmic(correct), if different - pulse arrhythmic(wrong). In a healthy person, the contraction of the heart and the pulse wave follow each other at regular intervals. If there is a difference between the number of heartbeats and pulse waves, then this condition is called a pulse deficit (with atrial fibrillation). The counting is carried out by two people: one counts the pulse, the other listens to the tops of the heart.

Value is a property that consists of a joint assessment of filling and stress. It characterizes the amplitude of oscillations of the wall of the arteries, i.e. the height of the pulse wave. With a significant value, the pulse is called large, or high, with a small value - small, or low. Normally, the value should be average.

Filling the pulse is determined by the height of the pulse wave and depends on the systolic volume of the heart. If the height is normal or increased, then it is probed normal pulse(full); if not, then the pulse empty.

Pulse voltage depends on the magnitude of blood pressure and is determined by the force that must be applied until the pulse disappears. At normal pressure, the artery is compressed with a moderate increase, so the pulse is normal moderate(satisfactory) voltage. At high pressure, the artery is squeezed by strong pressure - such a pulse is called tense.

It is important not to be mistaken, since the artery itself can be sclerosed (hardened). In this case, it is necessary to measure the pressure and verify the assumption that has arisen.

At low pressure, the artery is compressed easily, the voltage pulse is called soft (unstressed).

An empty, relaxed pulse is called small filiform.

The data of the pulse study are recorded in two ways: digitally - in medical records, journals and graphically - in the temperature sheet with a red pencil in the column "P" (pulse). It is important to determine the price of pressure in the temperature sheet.

Research data in two ways: digital - in medical records, journals, and graphic - in the temperature sheet with a red pencil in the column "P" (pulse). It is important to determine the price of pressure in the temperature sheet.

Arterial pressure.

Arterial called the pressure that is formed in the arterial system of the body during heart contractions and depends on complex neuro-humoral regulation, the magnitude and speed of cardiac output, the frequency and rhythm of heart contractions, as well as vascular tone.

Distinguish between systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

systolic called the pressure that occurs in the arteries at the moment of maximum rise in the pulse wave after ventricular systole.

diastolic called the pressure maintained in the arterial vessels in ventricular diastole.

Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurement (study) of blood pressure is performed by an indirect sound method, proposed in 1905 by the Russian surgeon N.G. Korotkov. Devices for measuring pressure have the following names: Riva-Rocci apparatus (mercury), or tonometer, sphygmomanometer (pointer), and now electronic devices are more often used to determine blood pressure by a non-sound method.

For the study of blood pressure, it is important to consider the following factors:

§ cuff size, which should correspond to the circumference of the patient's shoulder: M - 130 (130 x 270 mm) - adult medium shoulder cuff, shoulder circumference is 23-33 cm. In small children and adults with a small or large shoulder circumference, blood pressure is corrected when using an adult cuff M - 130 (130 x x 270 mm) according to a special table or a device with a special cuff size. The length of the cuff chamber should correspond to 80% of the coverage of the upper arm in centimeters, and the width should correspond to about 40% of the length of the cuff chamber. A cuff with a smaller width overestimates with a larger one - underestimates the pressure indicators (Appendix 2);

§ The condition of the membrane and tubes of the phonendoscope (stethophonendoscope),

which may be damaged;

§ Serviceability of the pressure gauge, which requires regular verification at least once a year or at intervals specified in its technical characteristics.

Evaluation of results.

The evaluation of the results is carried out by comparing the data obtained with the established standards (according to the technology for performing simple medical services, 2009)

It must be remembered.

During the first visit, blood pressure is measured on both arms.

The multiplicity of measurements is observed. If the first two measurements differ from each other by no more than 5 mm Hg. Art., measurements are stopped and the average value of these values ​​is recorded.

If asymmetry is detected (more than 10 mm Hg for systolic and 5 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure, all subsequent measurements are taken on the arm with higher blood pressure. If the first two measurements differ from each other by more than 5 mm Hg st., then a third measurement and (if necessary) a fourth measurement are taken.

If a progressive decrease in blood pressure is observed with repeated measurements, then it is necessary to allow time for the patient to relax.

If multidirectional fluctuations in blood pressure are noted, then further measurements are stopped and the arithmetic mean of the last three measurements is determined (excluding the maximum and minimum blood pressure values).

Normally, blood pressure fluctuates depending on age, environmental conditions, nervous and physical stress during the period of wakefulness (sleep and rest).

Level classification

blood pressure (BP)

In an adult, the norm systolic pressure ranges from 100-105 to 130-139 mm Hg. Art.; diastolic- from 60 to 89 mm Hg. Art., pulse pressure normally is 40-50 mm Hg. Art.