What is sexual perversion

Sexual perversions are some violations of sexual desire and a way to satisfy it. As a rule, sexual perversions are based on reasons that are organic in nature, for example, such as trauma to the genital organs, drug or alcohol use) or psychosocial factors - psychical deviations, interpersonal relationships. Manifestations of sexual perversions are characterized by peculiarities of behavior, perception of the surrounding world, psychopathic features. Many of the sexual perversions are accompanied by serious mental disorders, such as schizophrenia.

To date, doctors have compiled a list of unusual sexual perversions:

narratophilia- this is a sexual perversion in which a person feels sexual arousal from obscenities and vulgarities. As a rule, narratophiles use swearing and swearing during sexual intercourse, many of them, after the completion of the act, do not even remember what they said in the process.

Pictophilia- this is a sexual perversion, for people suffering from which, it is typical to enjoy pictures. In other words, pictophiles prefer to enjoy pornographic films and photographs than sexual intercourse. One of the most famous pictophiles in the world is the Pole Tomasz Jurinowicz, who saw a picture of a girl in an art gallery and fell in love with her. For many years, Tomasz tried to find the "original" picture, but he never succeeded. So he decided to "marry" a work of art.

Podophilia, better known as food fetish and is quite widespread today. Podophiles are very partial to the soles of their feet. From world celebrities to podofily include themselves: Quentin Tarantino, Enrique Iglesias and Ricky Martin.

lactophilia- this sexual perversion refers to nursing mothers and women's breast milk. In Muslim countries, it is even considered if the husband tried breast milk his wife, they are already considered divorced.

Dendrophilia- this sexual perversion is characterized by a sexual attraction to trees. Dendrophiles believe that trees have not only a soul, but also genitals, so they have sex right in the forests and park areas.

Mechanophilia- represents an attraction to mechanisms, most often to cars. It is a well-known fact that some racing drivers experience orgasms from speed. For many who have at least once felt an orgasm from speed, ordinary sex becomes unattractive.

pyrophilia- this sexual perversion is the receipt of sexual pleasure from the sight of fire. Some pyrophiles experience orgasms from setting something on fire.

Can sexual perversion be cured?

If sexual perversions are caused by trauma or pathology of the genital organs, then they can be cured quite easily, as a rule, with the help of surgery and several sessions of psychotherapy. If there are no organic causes of sexual perversions, it is necessary to contact a sex therapist who can identify the cause and determine how much it can be corrected. In order for the treatment to be as successful as possible, both partners should contact a sex therapist.

If the disease is mental in nature and manifests itself in the form of sexual dysfunction, you should contact a psychiatrist. Many patients suffering from sexual perversions carefully hide them from their families and close associates, which makes it difficult timely appeal to a specialist and, as a result, the disease may worsen.

Sexual violations - conditions in which normal physical reactions are violated sexual function. The causes of such dysfunctions can be organic in nature (or genital trauma, drug use, alcohol) and psychosocial (psychological, cultural, interpersonal relationships, mental illness).

Sexual disorders in men

Erectile dysfunction, or impotence, is the inability to have or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. At primary erectile dysfunction the man was never capable of sexual intercourse, with the secondary - he managed to have sexual intercourse one or more times. This disorder can appear at any age. More common is an incomplete (partial), partial erection, which is insufficient for the penetration of the penis into the vagina.

There are cases when a man, under some circumstances, is capable of an erection (with his wife), and under others ( random connection) - No.

impotent a man is considered to have difficulty with erection in at least 25% of his sexual contacts. One of the most common causes of this disorder is alcoholism. Other causes include injuries of the spine and genital organs, endocrine diseases ( diabetes), reception large doses various drugs for a long time (neuroleptics, barbiturates, narcotic drugs). About half of the disorders are purely functional in nature and are associated with personality traits (anxiety, suspiciousness, impressionability), reactions to the environment (fear of sexual intercourse) and mental disorders (neurosis, depression, schizophrenia).

Premature(fast) ejaculation(ejaculation) - ejaculation before the onset of sexual intercourse or loss of control over ejaculation immediately after the onset of intercourse. Excessive fixation on this phenomenon and fear contribute to erectile dysfunction. This type of disorder is rarely caused organic causes, mainly psychosocial factors play a role.

ejaculatory failure- inability to ejaculate, despite sufficient erection and level of sexual arousal. There are cases when ejaculation does not occur during intercourse, but outside of sexual contact (masturbation, nocturnal emissions), ejaculation is possible. Such violations are usually not associated with organic causes. A complete inability to ejaculate can occur in drug addicts and in some neuropsychiatric diseases.

painful intercourse(dyspareunia) - a painful sensation in the penis, testicles, prostate during intercourse. Most common causes are inflammatory processes of the genital organs. In half of the cases, the causal role is played psychological factors.

Sexual disorders in women

Sexual disorders in women - various kinds sexual difficulties, which until recently were designated by the term frigidity and included several points in this concept, ranging from the inability to sexual arousal and orgasm testing to total absence interest in sex. Currently, the term anorgasmia is used - the absence of orgasm (sexual satisfaction). Women suffering from primary anorgasmia never experienced orgasm, while women with secondary anorgasm experienced orgasm before, and then lost this ability. Situational anorgasmia is characteristic of women experiencing orgasm, but only under certain circumstances (masturbation, erotic dreams). There are many forms of anorgasmia. Some women look at sex as a marital obligation and do not experience any satisfaction. Others, without getting an orgasm, nevertheless consider sex a useful and quite pleasant experience. The causes of anorgasmia are different. However, only a small percentage of cases are associated with diseases of the genital and internal organs.

Mental disorders(neurosis, depression), psychological and physiological incompatibility of partners, sexual illiteracy are quite common causes of anorgasmia.

vaginismus- a condition in which the external muscles of the vagina involuntarily contract spastically when attempting to have sexual intercourse. Women of any age suffer from this, but more often young. The degree of vaginismus can be different, up to the complete closure of the entrance to the vagina and the inability to gynecological examination. Some women with vaginismus are capable of sexual arousal and sexual satisfaction, but without sexual intercourse. Only the desire to have children makes such women seek medical help. The cause of vaginismus may be the fear of sexual intercourse since childhood (the girl witnessed erotic scenes or rape), fear of losing your virginity, sharp pain and rudeness on the part of the partner during the first sexual intercourse, and so on.

painful intercourse(dyspareunia) can manifest as acute pain, burning, tingling, scratching and occurs at any stage of sexual intercourse. This reduces sexual pleasure and can interfere with sexual arousal and orgasm. At severe pain the woman avoids sexual intercourse.

The causes of pain are varied: diseases of the genital organs, condition after gynecological surgery, vaginal dryness due to ingestion medicines or estrogen deficiency in menopause, psychological factors (fear of sexual intercourse).

Hypersexuality- constant, extremely high sex drive, which is rarely satisfied, despite numerous sexual acts and big number partners. In men, this phenomenon is called "satiriasis" or "Don Juanism", in women - "nymphomania". Hypersexuality manifests itself in an insatiable sexual need, often interfering in life. At the same time, there is often no attraction to a certain person, only physiological need without the participation of emotions and psychological moments. The need may not be satisfied even with frequent orgasms. Hypersexuality is a constitutional property of the individual, or arises as a result of an illness, for example, in a manic state in patients with manic-depressive psychosis or schizophrenia.

sexual perversion

Sexual perversions (sexual perversions, paraphilias) are conditions in which a pathological orientation of sexual desire appears and the forms of its realization are distorted. Sexual arousal and satisfaction depend on fantasies about unusual sexual experiences and can be caused by an unusual (even strange) sexual object (animals, small children, corpses). A person subject to sexual perversion, in contrast to random sexual experimentation, is completely absorbed in thoughts of achieving his goal, while completely forgetting about moral standards of behavior and possible responsibility before the law. All other types of sexual activity lose all meaning for him.

Paraphilia more common in men than in women. Sexual perversions can be a manifestation of mental illness (oligophrenia, schizophrenia, senile dementia) or are formed in psychopathic personalities under the influence of various psychogenic and environmental factors. They play an important role in their development mental trauma received in childhood, improper upbringing (including sexual), early sexual contacts associated with rape, molestation, etc. Some tend to stick to one type of sexual perversion, while others tend to change forms of sexual satisfaction.

Homosexuality - sexual attraction to people of their own gender. The word "homosexual" comes from the Greek root "homo", which means "same", and Latin word"sex" - gender. Homosexual men are called "gay" in everyday life. Pederasty (from the Greek "pederasty" - love for boys), or sodomy is a form of male homosexuality in which sexual intercourse is performed by inserting the penis into the rectum. Female homosexuality is called lesbianism (lesbian love), or safism, after the ancient Greek poetess Sappho, who lived on the island of Lesbos and was obsessed with this attraction. According to US scientists, about 4% of men and 3% of women adhere exclusively to homosexuality throughout their lives. sexual behavior. In addition, a certain part of women and men experience the same sexual attraction to persons of both sexes, they are called bisexuals.

It is necessary to distinguish homosexuality as a pathological attraction to persons of the same sex (inversion) from that acquired in certain period life of homosexual behavior. The latter can also form in a person with heterosexual inclinations under the influence of appropriate external factors(seduction, coercion, curiosity, self-interest). Such persons are called accidentally inverted, or pseudo-homosexuals. In the West and in the United States, the opinion is increasingly expressed that homosexuality is not a pathology, but a variant of the norm, which has the same right to exist as heterosexuality. However, last years a new wave of discrimination against homosexuality broke out in connection with the spread of AIDS, especially among homosexuals.

Reasons for homosexuality have not yet been fully elucidated. Exist different opinions about the origin of this phenomenon. Some believe that the formation of homosexual attraction is due to genetic (hereditary) factors, others attribute this to the pathology of the central nervous system, endocrine disorders. Many supporters of Freud's psychoanalytic theory.

Sexual contacts of homosexuals leading to mutual sexual satisfaction are diverse. Most often, this is mutual masturbation, oral-genital contacts (stimulation of the genital organs with the help of the mouth), friction of the genital organs against various parts of the partner’s body, etc. The division of homosexuals into active (male role) and passive (female role) is valid only in cases of pederasty. For women, such a distribution of roles is generally not typical.

Fetishism- the occurrence of sexual arousal when contemplating an inanimate object or certain parts of the body (legs, genitals). The object of sexual attraction can be objects of the toilet (underwear, clothes, shoes), statues (pygmalionism). These objects are present during masturbation, as well as during sexual intercourse with partners for sexual arousal. Fetishists usually collect these things, stopping at nothing, even before stealing, but at the same time carefully hide them from others.

Sexual arousal can occur when dressing in clothes of the opposite sex - transvestism. Usually men suffer from this, getting sexual pleasure from wearing women's clothing. Wearing women's clothing can be combined with the use of cosmetics, wigs. Most transvestites are heterosexual and have a family, however, there may be individuals with homosexual inclinations. Transvestism should be distinguished from transsexualism, in which a man seeks to change his gender and live the life of a woman.

Scopofia(voyeurism) - getting sexual satisfaction at the sight of sexual intercourse or contemplation of naked and undressing people. Spying or fantasies about this topic become the only way sexual arousal. voyeurs special visit public baths, toilets, beaches, peeping scenes of dressing up. They can look into other people's windows in the hope of spying on sexual intercourse. They get the greatest satisfaction in situations where there is a risk of being exposed or caught. Voyeurs usually avoid sexual contact with women, limiting themselves to masturbation.

Exhibitionism- obtaining sexual satisfaction by demonstrating their own naked genitals to passers-by. More common in men, especially young age. Most exhibitionists are impotent, incapable of other forms of heterosexual activity. The exhibitionist experiences the greatest satisfaction when the victim is frightened, bringing her into a state of shock. To do this, they specifically target a woman in parks, transport, on the beaches, in order to suddenly appear in front of her with naked genitals. If such behavior goes unnoticed or is ignored, then sexual satisfaction does not arise and the exhibitionist looks for other victims.

Sadism- the achievement of sexual satisfaction by causing pain and suffering to a sexual partner. The term "sadism" comes from the name of the French writer Marquis de Sade (1774-1814), who describes cruelty as a means of achieving sexual satisfaction. Exist various forms sadism: from light insults and unquestioning submission of the victim to beatings, rape and even murder.

Masochism- getting sexual satisfaction from humiliation, painful sensations and suffering caused by a sexual partner. These sensations are described in detail in his book by Baron von Sacher-Masoch, from which the name of this phenomenon arose - “masochism”. Mild manifestations of masochism: achieving arousal in bound state, when receiving light blows to the buttocks, with bites. At an extreme degree of masochism, pain is inflicted on oneself, sometimes in a monstrous form (they strike with a knife, tighten the rope around the neck, set fire to the hair on the chest). Some cases may end in death.

Combination of sadism and masochism- sadomasochism - pretty rare view paraphilia, contrary to popular belief. The current expression that all women are masochists is unfair, because This type of pathology occurs mainly among men.

Obscene phone calls - telephone conversations on erotic topics in order to obtain sexual satisfaction. Relative safety and anonymity are excellent conditions for sexual arousal and masturbation. In this case, the caller may know who he is calling, or dial a random number. Enjoyment comes from different topics conversation: from a detailed cynical description of the scenes of masturbation and extorting from the partner the details of her intimate life to obscene language and threats to the interlocutor, etc.

bestiality(bestiality, sodomy) - obtaining sexual satisfaction from contact with animals. More commonly seen in men. For these purposes, domestic animals (mares, cows, donkeys, goats, sheep) are used. Women meet sexual contact with dogs. Bestiality can be observed as a transient phenomenon in some peoples, when animals are used for sexual satisfaction during the puberty of young men. This perversion may be a manifestation mental illness(oligophrenia, schizophrenia).

Pedophilia("love for children") - sexual attraction to children. More common in men, including old age. The victims are mostly girls aged 8-11, but there are also babies. Among pedophiles (child molesters), only a small percentage random people. Basically, these are familiar "uncles" or relatives (sexual intercourse with a relative is incest). In order to facilitate acquaintance with children, pedophiles specifically choose an occupation that gives them this opportunity (teachers, coaches and educators in kindergartens, schools, boarding schools). Some get satisfaction from touching the genitals, others from showing pornographic postcards and their own genitals, followed by coercion to have sex. Acts of violence can be accompanied by sadism up to brutal murder. Aggressive pedophiles are misogynists, people with sexual problems. Their sexual contacts are impulsive and occur with unfamiliar children. Desire usually arises suddenly, they urgently look for a victim, unable to suppress the desire and commit physical violence, often with grave consequences.

Apothemnophilia- sexual attraction to people with disabilities different kind amputations. The phenomenon is rare.

Clysmophilia - sexual pleasure in the application of enemas.

Frottage- sexual satisfaction obtained by rubbing the genitals on the bodies of dressed people, as a rule, in crowded transport, on subway escalators, in lines.

Necrophilia- obtaining sexual satisfaction at the sight of a corpse or as a result of contact with it. Rarely seen, predominantly in the mentally ill. Necrophiles take jobs in morgues, tearing up graves and stealing corpses. It can be combined with sadism - desecration of a corpse.

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Treatment of sexual disorders and perversions

Sexual disorders associated with the pathology of the genital area are treated by appropriate specialists - gynecologists and urologists. In the absence of organic causes sexual disorders it is necessary to address to the sexopathologist. The survey is carried out by both partners. Only mutual understanding and mutual desire to rectify the situation can give positive result. Methods of treatment are selected individually depending on the nature of the disorders. If sexual dysfunction is the result mental illness, then first of all it should be treated by contacting a psychiatrist. Treatment of perversions is a more complex problem. People suffering from paraphilia rarely seek help and carefully hide their occupation from others, even from family members. They get treatment only after they are detained by law enforcement agencies or exposed in the family. Such a person is not able to stop his studies himself, because. they give him the greatest pleasure. The basis modern treatment sexual perversions, with the exception of mental illness (oligophrenia, schizophrenia, senile dementia), various methods psychotherapy, in particular psychoanalysis and behavioral psychotherapy. Their purpose is to open sexual complexes and develop normal sexual desire and behavior. Are used medications- antiandrogens that reduce certain time the content of testosterone (male sex hormone), in order to weaken the sexual desire for unwanted objects. Therapy of sexual perversions is ineffective.

Sexual perversions (sexual perversions, paraphilias) are conditions in which a pathological orientation of sexual desire develops and the forms of its realization are distorted. Sexual arousal and satisfaction depend on fantasies about non-standard sexual experiences and can be caused by an unusual (even strange) sexual object (animals, small children, corpses).

A person subject to sexual perversion, in contrast to random sexual experimentation, is completely absorbed in thoughts of achieving his goal, while completely forgetting

about moral standards of behavior and possible responsibility before the law. All other types of sexual activity lose their meaning for him.

Paraphilias are more common in men than in women. Sexual perversions can be a manifestation of mental illness (oligophrenia, schizophrenia, senile dementia) or are formed in psychopathic individuals under the influence of various psychogenic and environmental factors. In their occurrence, a large role is given to mental trauma received in childhood, improper upbringing (including sexual), early sexual contacts associated with rape, molestation, etc. Some are characterized by adherence to one type of sexual perversion, while others are prone to change forms of sexual satisfaction.

Homosexuality is sexual attraction to people of the same sex. The word "homosexual" comes from the Greek root "homo", which means "the same", and the Latin word "sexus" - "sex". Homosexual men are called "gay" in everyday life. Pederasty (from the Greek "pederasty" - "love for boys") or sodomy is a form of male homosexuality in which sexual intercourse

performed by inserting the penis into the rectum. Female homosexuality is called lesbianism (lesbian love) or safism after the ancient Greek poetess Sappho, who lived on the island of Lesbos and was obsessed with this attraction. According to US scientists, about 4% of men and 3% of women adhere exclusively to homosexual behavior throughout their lives. In addition, a certain part of women and men experience the same sexual attraction to persons of both sexes; they are called bisexual.

It is necessary to distinguish homosexuality as a pathological attraction to persons of the same sex (inversion) from homosexual behavior acquired in a certain period of life. The latter can also be formed in a person with heterosexual inclinations under the influence of appropriate external factors (seduction, coercion, curiosity, self-interest). Such persons are called accidentally inverted, or pseudo-homosexuals. Nowadays, the opinion is being expressed more and more often that homosexuality is not a pathology, but a variant of the norm, which has the same right to exist as heterosexuality. However, in recent years, a new wave of discrimination against homosexuality has erupted in connection with the spread of AIDS, especially among schmosexuals.

The causes of homosexuality are still not fully understood. Opinions about the origin of this phenomenon are different. Some believe that the formation of homosexual attraction is due to genetic (hereditary) factors, others attribute this to the pathology of the central nervous system, endocrine disorders. Many supporters of Freud's psychoanalytic theory.

Sexual contacts of homosexuals leading to mutual sexual satisfaction are diverse. Most often, this is mutual masturbation, oral-genital contacts (stimulation of the genital organs with the help of the mouth), rubbing of the genital organs against various parts of the partner’s body, etc. The division of homosexuals into active (male role) and passive (female role) is valid only in cases pederasty. For women, such a distribution of roles is generally not typical.

Fetishism - the occurrence of sexual arousal when contemplating an inanimate object or certain parts of the body (legs, genitals). Toiletries (underwear, clothes, shoes), statues (pygmalionism) can be objects of sexual attraction. These objects are present during masturbation, as well as during sexual intercourse with partners for sexual arousal. Fetishists usually collect such things, stopping at nothing, even before stealing, but carefully hide them from others.

Transvestism. Sexual arousal can occur when dressing in clothes of the opposite sex. This paraphilia is called transvestism. Usually men suffer from this, getting sexual pleasure from wearing women's clothes, which can be combined with the use of cosmetics, wigs. Most transvestites are heterosexual and have a family, but there may be homosexuals among them. Transvestism should be distinguished from transsexualism, when a man seeks to change his gender and live the life of a woman.

Scopophilia (voyeurism) - getting sexual satisfaction at the sight of sexual intercourse or contemplation of naked and undressing people. Peeping or fantasies on this topic become the only way of sexual arousal. Voyeurs specially visit public baths, toilets, beaches, peeping scenes of dressing up. They can look into other people's windows in the hope of spying on sexual intercourse. They get the greatest satisfaction in situations where there is a risk of being exposed or caught. Voyeurs usually avoid sexual contact with women, limiting themselves to masturbation.

Exhibitionism - getting sexual satisfaction by showing naked genitals to passers-by. It is more common in men, especially young ones. Most exhibitionists are impotent, incapable of other forms of heterosexual activity. The exhibitionist experiences the greatest satisfaction when the victim is frightened, bringing her into a state of shock. To do this, they specifically target a woman in parks, transport, on the beaches, in order to suddenly appear in front of her with naked genitals.

If such behavior goes unnoticed or is ignored, then the exhibitionist does not receive sexual satisfaction and is looking for another victim.

Sadism is the achievement of sexual satisfaction by inflicting pain and suffering on a sexual partner. The term "sadism" comes from the name of the French writer Marquis de Sade, who describes cruelty as a means of achieving sexual satisfaction. The forms of sadism are different: from light insults and unquestioning submission of the victim to beatings, rape and even murder.

Masochism - getting sexual satisfaction from humiliation, pain and suffering caused by a sexual partner. These sensations are described in detail in the book of Baron von Sacher-Masoch, from which the name of this phenomenon arose. Mild manifestations of masochism - the achievement of excitation in a bound state, when receiving light blows to the buttocks, with bites. In an extreme degree of masochism, a person inflicts pain on himself, sometimes in a monstrous form (stabs him with a knife, tightens a rope around his neck, sets fire to chest hair). Some cases may end in death.

The combination of sadism and masochism - sadomasochism - is a rather rare type of paraphilia, contrary to popular belief. The current expression that all women are masochists is unfair, since this species pathology occurs mainly among men.

Obscene phone calls - phone conversations on erotic topics in order to obtain sexual satisfaction. Relative safety and anonymity are excellent conditions for sexual arousal and masturbation. In this case, the caller may know who he is calling, or dial a random number. They get pleasure from various topics of conversation: a detailed cynical description of masturbation scenes, asking a partner for details of her intimate life, obscene language and threats against an interlocutor, etc.

Bestiality (bestiality, sodomy) - obtaining sexual satisfaction from contact with animals. More commonly seen in men. For these purposes, domestic animals (mares, cows, donkeys, goats, sheep) are used. Women have sexual contact with dogs. In some peoples, bestiality may be a transient phenomenon, when animals are used for sexual satisfaction during the puberty of young men. Such a perversion is sometimes a symptom of mental illness (oligophrenia, schizophrenia).

Pedophilia ("love for children") - sexual attraction to children. It is more often observed in men, including senile age. The victims are mostly girls 8^-

11 years old, but there are also babies. Among pedophiles (child molesters) there is only a small percentage of unfamiliar, random people. They are mostly familiar "uncles" or relatives (sexual intercourse with a relative is called incest). To facilitate contact with children, pedophiles specifically choose an occupation that gives them this opportunity (teachers, coaches and educators in kindergartens, schools, boarding schools). Some get satisfaction from touching the genitals, others - from the demonstration of pornographic postcards and their own genitals, followed by coercion to have sexual intercourse. Acts of violence can be accompanied by sadism up to brutal murder. Aggressive pedophiles are misogynists, people with sexual problems. Their sexual contacts are impulsive and occur with unfamiliar children. Desire usually arises suddenly, they urgently look for a victim, unable to cope with themselves, and commit physical violence, often with grave consequences.

Apothemnophilia - sexual attraction to disabled people with various kinds of amputations. The phenomenon is rare.

Clysmophilia - sexual pleasure in the application of enemas.

Frottage - sexual satisfaction obtained by rubbing the genitals on the bodies of dressed people, as a rule, in crowded transport, on subway escalators, in lines.

Necrophilia - getting sexual satisfaction at the sight of a corpse or as a result of contact with it. Rarely seen, predominantly in the mentally ill. Necrophiles take jobs in morgues, tearing up graves and stealing corpses. It can be combined with sadism - desecration of a corpse.

Treatment. Sexual disorders associated with the pathology of the genital area are treated by appropriate specialists - gynecologists and urologists. In the absence of organic causes of sexual disorders, it is necessary to contact a sexologist. Both partners are examined and treated. Only mutual understanding and mutual desire to correct the situation can give a positive result. Methods of treatment are selected individually depending on the nature of the disorders. If sexual dysfunction is a consequence of a mental illness, then first of all it should be treated by contacting a psychiatrist. Treatment of perversions is a more complex problem. People suffering from paraphilia rarely seek help and carefully hide their addiction from others, even from family members. They get treatment only after they are detained by law enforcement agencies or exposed in the family. Such a person is not able to stop his studies himself, since they give him the greatest pleasure. The modern treatment of sexual perversions, with the exception of mental illnesses (oligophrenia, schizophrenia, senile dementia), is based on various methods of psychotherapy, in particular psychoanalysis and behavioral psychotherapy. Their goal is to open sexual complexes and develop normal sexual desire and behavior. To weaken the sexual desire for unwanted objects, drugs are used - antiandrogens, which for a certain time reduce the content of testosterone (male sex hormone). Therapy of sexual perversions is ineffective.

The concepts of norm and normality are relative, because what is considered normal in our society is what is acceptable to most people. Many modern psychologists and sociologists believe that when characterizing personal relationships between people and especially - sexual relations, the criterion of "normality" is unacceptable, since the needs and preferences of each person are individual, and what is normal for one may be unacceptable for another. As regards the attitude of society towards various aspects sexual life, now people are much more loyal to various deviations from the generally accepted norm than even 60-70 years ago. Nevertheless, with a fairly loyal attitude of society to the diversity of sexual life, sexologists and psychologists distinguish such a thing as sexual deviations (paraphilias, perversions) - deviations from the forms of sexual behavior accepted in society.

Sexologists, doctors and psychologists have not come to an unequivocal conclusion about which forms of human sexual behavior are considered deviations, and which are within the normal range. For example, some sexologists are sure that they are sexual deviations, while other scientists argue that these forms of human sexual behavior are natural sexual orientations. Separately, it should be noted the opinion of a certain circle of sexologists who believe that sexual deviations or perversions are only those forms of human sexual behavior that are realized through violence and are aimed at causing moral or physical damage to other people.

The most common sexual perversions

There is no single classification of human sexual deviations, however, according to experts, the so-called MBK-10 list, developed by WHO, deserves the greatest confidence. International classification diseases of the 10th revision, which includes sexual perversions. On the this moment, according to this list, psychosexual deviations are considered to be:

Reasons for the formation of sexual perversions

The reasons for the formation of sexual deviations in the human psyche have not been fully studied, and scientists are still discussing what factors can contribute to the formation of such deviations. Most psychologists and sexologists are of the opinion that sexual deviations in the human psyche are formed under the influence of one or more of the following factors:

Heredity
Birth trauma in which the brain was injured
Deviations in work endocrine system in which there are significant hormonal changes
Intoxication with narcotic and psychotropic substances
Violations and distortions in the process
Psychological trauma
Mental illness (schizophrenia, psychosis, etc.).

Treatment of sexual deviations

If the cause of sexual deviation is not a brain injury or mental illness, a person with highly likely will be able to get rid of his special addiction to sex by suppressing desire and gradually "forcing" it into the unconscious part of the psyche. In the case when sexual perversion is due to the presence of a mental disorder or abnormalities in the functioning of the brain, a person should seek help from a psychopathologist or sexopathologist. Also, a visit to the doctor should not be postponed for those people who cannot independently suppress perverted sexual desires and suffer from internal conflict between your desires and possibilities - without timely assistance such people can either lose control of themselves or earn a severe neurotic disorder.

However, in most cases, the treatment of sexual deviations is not required, and sexologists offer people whose inclinations do not contradict the law and morality to accept their own characteristics. Most often, doctors advise accepting deviation as the norm for themselves to those people whose inclinations may be acceptable to their potential partners. For example, a sexual sadist can achieve harmony in intimate relationships with a masochist, a fetishist may agree with his partner to have a fetish during intercourse (if the fetish is a certain clothing or object), etc. Of course, this does not apply to pedophilia and necrophilia - those who are prone to such forms of perverted sexual behavior are sent to compulsory treatment aimed at reducing sexual desire.

Sexual disorders may be based on organic causes (disease or trauma of the genital organs, alcohol, drug use) and psychosocial factors (psychological, interpersonal relationships, mental illness).

Sexual disorders in men. The most common is erectile dysfunction, or impotence - the inability to have or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. This disorder can appear at any age. More common is an incomplete (partial), partial erection, which is insufficient for the penetration of the penis into the vagina. There are cases when a man under some circumstances is capable of an erection (with his wife), but under others (random relationship) - no. The most common causes of this disorder are alcoholism, injuries of the spine and genital organs, endocrine diseases (diabetes mellitus), taking large doses of various drugs for a long time (neuroleptics, barbiturates, drugs). A large number of disorders is purely functional in nature and is associated with personality traits (anxiety, suspiciousness, impressionability), reaction to the environment (fear of sexual intercourse) and mental disorders (neurosis, depression, schizophrenia).

Premature (rapid) ejaculation (ejaculation) - occurs before the onset of sexual intercourse or at the very beginning of it, when immediately after the onset of sexual intercourse there is a loss of control over ejaculation. This phenomenon can be exacerbated if excessive attention is fixed on it and each subsequent sexual intercourse is performed with the thought of failure. This type of disorder is rarely caused by organic causes, mainly psychosocial factors play a role ( prolonged abstinence, incorrect partner behavior, alcohol intoxication etc.).

Ejaculatory failure is the inability to ejaculate despite sufficient erection and level of sexual arousal. There are cases when ejaculation does not occur during intercourse, but outside of sexual contact (masturbation, nocturnal emissions), ejaculation is possible. Such violations are usually not associated with organic causes. A complete inability to ejaculate is sometimes found in drug addicts and in some neuropsychiatric diseases.

Painful intercourse - pain in the penis, testicles, prostate during intercourse. Most often occur due to inflammatory processes in the genitals.

Sexual disorders in women are usually defined by the term frigidity and include in this concept a decrease or absence of sexual desire, excitability, orgasm. Currently, the term anorgasmia is used - the absence of orgasm (sexual satisfaction). Women suffering from primary anorgasmia never experienced orgasm, while women with secondary anorgasmia used to experience orgasm, but then due to various reasons lost this ability.

There are several forms of anorgasmia. Some women look at sex as a marital obligation and do not experience any satisfaction. Others, without getting an orgasm, still consider sex a useful and quite pleasant experience. The causes of anorgasmia are different. A very small percentage of cases are associated with diseases of the genital and internal organs. Situational anorgasmia is characteristic of women experiencing orgasm, but only when certain conditions(masturbation, erotic dreams). Mental disorders (neurosis, depression), psychological and physiological incompatibility of partners, sexual illiteracy are quite common causes of anorgasmia.

Vaginismus is a condition when, when attempting to have sexual intercourse, the external muscles of the vagina involuntarily convulsively contract and make sexual intercourse impossible. It occurs more often in young women. The degree of vaginismus can be different, up to the complete closure of the entrance to the vagina and the inability to conduct a gynecological examination. Some women with vaginismus are capable of sexual arousal and sexual satisfaction, but without sexual intercourse. The cause of vaginismus may be the fear of sexual intercourse since childhood (the girl witnessed rape), the fear of losing virginity, pain, rudeness on the part of the partner during the first sexual intercourse, etc.

Painful intercourse can manifest itself in the form of acute pain, burning, tingling, scratching and occurs at any stage of sexual intercourse. The causes of pain are varied: diseases of the genital organs, condition after gynecological surgery, vaginal dryness due to medication or estrogen deficiency during menopause, psychological factors (fear of sexual intercourse). Painful sensations reduce sexual pleasure, may interfere with sexual arousal and orgasm. With severe pain, a woman avoids sexual intercourse.

Hypersexuality is a constant, very strong sexual desire, which is rarely satisfied, despite numerous sexual acts and a large number of partners. In men, this phenomenon is called "Don Juanism", in women - "nymphomania". Hypersexuality is a constitutional property of a person or arises as a result of an illness (a manic state in patients with manic-depressive psychosis or schizophrenia). Hypersexuality manifests itself in an insatiable sexual need, often interfering in life. In this case, there is usually no attraction to a particular person, only a physiological need is satisfied.

Sexual perversions (sexual perversions, paraphilias) are conditions that are characterized by a pathological orientation of sexual desire with a distortion of the methods of its implementation. Sexual arousal and satisfaction depends on fantasies about unusual sexual experiences and can be caused by an unusual sexual object (animals, small children, corpses). A person who is subject to sexual perversion, in contrast to random sexual experimentation, is completely absorbed in thoughts of achieving his goal, while he is not stopped by either moral standards of behavior or possible liability before the law. All other types of sexual activity have no meaning for him.

Sexual perversions can be a manifestation of mental illness (oligophrenia, schizophrenia, senile dementia) or are formed in psychopathic personalities under the influence of various psychogenic and environmental factors. In their occurrence, a large role is given to mental trauma received in childhood, improper upbringing (including sexual), early sexual contacts associated with rape, molestation, etc.

Homosexuality is a sexual orientation that manifests itself in erotic attraction mainly or exclusively to people of the same sex. Homosexuality can be both permanent and temporary, transient. Female homosexuality is called lesbian love (lesbianism). In addition, a certain part of women and men experience the same sexual attraction to persons of both sexes, they are called bisexuals.

It is necessary to distinguish homosexuality as a pathological attraction to persons of the same sex (inversion) from homosexual behavior acquired in a certain period of life. The latter can also be formed in a person with heterosexual inclinations under the influence of appropriate external factors (seduction, coercion, curiosity, self-interest). Such persons are called accidentally inverted, or pseudo-homosexuals. Currently, the opinion is being expressed more and more often that homosexuality is not a pathology, but a variant of the norm, which has the same right to exist as heterosexuality.

The causes of homosexuality are still not fully understood. There are different opinions about the origin of this phenomenon. Some researchers believe that the formation of homosexual attraction is due to genetic (hereditary) factors, others attribute this to the pathology of the central nervous system, endocrine disorders. Special place occupies the psychoanalytic theory of Freud.

Fetishism is a sexual perversion in which the object that causes sexual desire is an inanimate object (most often the details of a woman's toilet: underwear, clothes, shoes). These objects are present during masturbation, as well as during sexual intercourse with partners for sexual arousal. Fetishists usually collect these things, stopping at nothing, even before stealing, but at the same time carefully hide them from others.

Transvestism is a perversion in which sexual arousal can occur when dressing in clothes of the opposite sex. Usually men suffer from this, getting sexual pleasure from wearing women's clothes. Wearing women's clothing can be combined with the use of cosmetics, wigs. Most transvestites are heterosexual and have a family, but there may be individuals with homosexual inclinations. Transvestism should be distinguished from transsexualism, in which a man seeks to change his gender and live the life of a woman.

Exhibitionism - obtaining sexual satisfaction when demonstrating one's own naked genitals to passers-by. Usually observed in men, especially young people. As a rule, exhibitionists are impotent, incapable of other types of heterosexual activity. The exhibitionist experiences the greatest satisfaction when the victim is frightened, bringing her into a state of shock. To do this, they specifically target a woman in parks, transport, on the beaches, in order to suddenly appear in front of her with naked genitals. If such behavior goes unnoticed or ignored, then sexual satisfaction does not arise and the exhibitionist is looking for other victims.

Voyeurism (scopophilia) - getting sexual satisfaction at the sight of sexual intercourse or contemplation of naked and undressing people. Peeping or fantasies on this topic become the only way of sexual arousal. Voyeurs specially visit public baths, toilets, beaches, peeping scenes of dressing up, look into other people's windows in the hope of spying on sexual intercourse. They get maximum satisfaction in situations where there is a risk of being exposed or caught. Voyeurs usually limit themselves to masturbation and avoid sexual contact with women.

Sadism is the achievement of sexual satisfaction by inflicting pain and suffering on a sexual partner. The term "sadism" comes from the name of the French writer Marquis de Sade (1740-1814), who describes cruelty in his works as a means of achieving sexual satisfaction. There are various forms of sadism: from light insults and unquestioning submission to the victim to beatings, rape and even murder.

Masochism - obtaining sexual satisfaction with moral or physical humiliation, pain and suffering caused by a sexual partner. The Austrian writer Sacher-Masoch described this perversion in detail, hence the name "masochism". Mild manifestations of masochism: the achievement of excitement in a bound state, when receiving blows on the buttocks, when biting. At an extreme degree of masochism, pain is inflicted on oneself, sometimes in a monstrous form (stabbing with a knife, tightening a rope around the neck, setting fire to the hair on the chest). There are frequent cases of death.

Bestiality (bestiality, sodomy) - obtaining sexual satisfaction from contact with animals. Usually seen in men. Domestic animals (cows, donkeys, horses, goats, sheep) are used for sexual satisfaction. Women have sexual contact with dogs. Bestiality can be observed as a transient phenomenon in some peoples, when animals are used for sexual satisfaction during the puberty of young men. Sometimes it is observed as a manifestation of mental illness (oligophrenia, schizophrenia).

Pedophilia ("love for children") is the sexual attraction to children. It is more often observed in men, including senile age. The victims are mostly girls aged 6-10, but there are also babies. To facilitate acquaintance with children, pedophiles often choose an occupation that gives them such an opportunity (teachers and educators in kindergartens, schools, boarding schools, coaches). Some get satisfaction from touching the genitals, others from showing pornographic postcards and their own genitals, followed by forcing children to have sexual intercourse. Acts of violence can be accompanied by sadism up to brutal murder. Aggressive pedophiles are misogynists, people with sexual problems. Their sexual contacts are impulsive and occur with unfamiliar children. Desire usually arises suddenly, they urgently look for a victim and commit physical violence, often with extremely serious consequences.

Obscene phone calls - phone conversations on erotic topics in order to obtain sexual satisfaction. Relative safety and anonymity are excellent conditions for sexual arousal and masturbation. In this case, the caller may know who he is calling, or dial a random number. They get pleasure from various topics of conversation: from a detailed cynical description of masturbation scenes and extorting the details of her intimate life from a partner to obscene abuse and threats against an interlocutor, etc.

Frottage - sexual satisfaction obtained by rubbing the genitals against the bodies of dressed people, as a rule, in crowded transport, in lines, in a crowd.

Necrophilia - getting an orgasm at the sight of a corpse or as a result of contact with it. It usually occurs in mentally ill people. Necrophiles take jobs in morgues, tearing up graves and stealing corpses.

Treatment. Sexual disorders, which are based on diseases of the genital area, are treated by appropriate specialists - gynecologists, urologists. If no organic diseases that can cause sexual disorders have been identified, it is necessary to contact a sexologist. Both partners are examined and treated. Only mutual understanding and mutual desire to correct the situation can give a positive result. Methods of treatment are selected individually, depending on the nature of the disorders. If sexual dysfunction is a consequence of a mental illness, then first of all it should be treated by contacting a psychiatrist.

Curing perversions is a more complex problem. Sick people rarely seek help and carefully hide their occupation from others, even from family members. Most often, they get to treatment only when they are detained by law enforcement agencies or exposed in the family. Such a person is not able to stop his studies, because they give him the greatest pleasure. The modern treatment of sexual perversions, with the exception of mental illnesses (oligophrenia, schizophrenia, senile dementia), is based on various methods of psychotherapy, in particular psychoanalysis and behavioral psychotherapy. Their purpose is to open sexual complexes and develop normal sexual desire and behavior. Various hormonal drugs are used to reduce sexual desire for unwanted objects. Therapy of sexual perversions does not always bring the desired effect.