Prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Random connection effect. how to treat the most common STDs

"Latent" sexually transmitted infections (STDs)

In women, white vaginal discharge, itching, burning and discomfort in the genital area are usually the result of infections, including sexually transmitted infections.

What are chlamydia and other "hidden" sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)? Why are they called "hidden"? How often do they meet?

How is the process of infection with chlamydia and other "hidden" STDs?

Infection occurs through sexual contact, and not only with genital, but with the same probability with oral or anal. From the moment of infection to the development of the disease, at least 3 days pass, and on average from 7 to 14 days. This period is called the incubation period. As a rule, in the first 3-5 days after infection, it is impossible to detect chlamydia and other "hidden" STDs even by the most sensitive diagnostic methods.

What to do if you suspect that you have chlamydia and other "hidden" STDs?

If you have had a new sexual relationship and found out that your sexual partner had an STD, felt characteristic symptoms (discharge from the genitals, discomfort when urinating, itching in the genital area) or simply doubts that you do not have an STD, you need to undergo a special medical examination. Never try to self-medicate or take the advice of a non-specialist. This can lead to chronic inflammation and the development of complications.

How reliable are methods for diagnosing chlamydia and other "hidden" STDs?

Modern methods for diagnosing STDs: polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescent method (PIF), enzyme immunoassay (ELISA), isolation of pathogens in cell cultures, etc. are extremely reliable (70-95%). However, in conditions of shortage of funds, not all laboratories in our country have sufficiently high-quality reagents and equipment.

How difficult is it to treat chlamydia and other "hidden" STDs?

Do all latent infections need to be treated?

Chlamydia and some types of mycoplasmas, as well as Trichomonas and the inflammatory diseases caused by them, are always subject to mandatory treatment in both partners, even if these infections are detected only in one of them! The need for treatment of these infections in pregnant women is determined individually in each case.

Gardnerellosis in women (aka bacterial vaginosis) is inherently not an STD, but indicates a violation of the biocenosis in the vagina. It is manifested, as a rule, by abundant vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor. Gardnerellosis is often combined with STDs. Violation of the composition of the vaginal microflora leads to a change in the acidity of the environment, the protective barrier of the mucosa is violated and, as a result, the likelihood of infection with other STDs and a more pronounced course of the inflammatory process increases. In this regard, bacterial vaginosis in women, including during pregnancy, should be treated.

According to the international standards for the treatment of STDs, adopted by the World Health Organization, gardnerella and gardnerella infection in men is treated only if it manifests itself in the form of obvious inflammation of the glans penis and foreskin (balanoposthitis). In all other cases, the treatment of gardnerellosis in men is not indicated, because. Numerous studies have shown that treatment of a male sexual partner does not affect the recurrence rate of bacterial vaginosis (gardnerella is the main cause of this disease) in women. And the fact of the transmission of gardnerella from a man to a woman, if the gardnerellosis in a man is not manifested by balanoposthitis, is also not proven.

Candidiasis (what women often call "thrush" in everyday life) is nominally not an STD, since sexual intercourse is not the main route of infection. A fungus of the genus Candida in a small amount can normally occur on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity, intestines, vagina, on the skin With a decrease in local or general immunity, after taking antibiotics, general diseases, including colds, diseases, etc., the fungus begins to actively multiply and penetrate deep into the mucous membranes, which causes certain suffering: itching, discomfort, white discharge. men - redness, itching and peeling of the skin of the glans penis.To treat or not to treat candidiasis is an individual question.If the infection causes inflammatory manifestations, it needs to be treated, but if it is an accidental finding during diagnosis, then not always.Treatment of the sexual partner, as well as in the case of gardnerellosis, optional.It is carried out only if there are manifestations of infection in the sexual partner.

What are the complications of chlamydia and other "hidden" STDs?

The most common complication of chlamydia in men is some (endocervicitis), salpingitis (inflammation of the appendages) and tubal infertility in women. Chlamydia can cause serious pathology of the fetus and newborn, be the cause of pelvioperitonitis and perihepatitis in women. Chlamydia also leads to Reiter's disease, a severe disease of the joints and eyes. STDs can lead to the development and problems with urination, be the cause

What are the most common causes of STD treatment failure?

The most common cause is re-infection, which occurs as a result of a new sexual intercourse during treatment, the absence of treatment of the sexual partner, the non-use of a condom by the couple undergoing treatment. Less commonly, the reasons for unsuccessful treatment of STDs are an incorrect diagnosis, an incorrectly selected antibacterial drug, the patient's failure to follow the doctor's recommendations, and, most rarely, antibiotic resistance of the infection. Any educated doctor is obliged to know the latest and truthful data on antibiotic susceptibility and resistance to antibiotics of any infections, including sexually transmitted infections. Often Russian doctors exaggerate or underestimate the resistance of chlamydia and other "latent infections" to antibiotics, simply not knowing the real picture. This leads to incorrect treatment of patients and only supports the myth about the difficulty of curing hidden infections.

What should I do after completing STD treatment?

Control of treatment of chlamydia and other latent STIs is carried out no earlier than 3 weeks after the completion of the antibiotic. The patient should be aware that some symptoms of the disease may remain for several weeks or even months after successful treatment. It is possible to resume sexual life without a condom with a permanent sexual partner (partner) only after a control examination, which showed the absence of infections and inflammation.

If you have any questions, you can contact the leading specialists of the Andros clinic.

In the clinic of urology, andrology and gynecology, Andros is carried out in accordance with international standards approved by the World Health Organization and using the most modern antibacterial drugs and treatment regimens. Be sure to take into account the latest data on antibiotic susceptibility of infections. It's easy, fast and reliable. Modern STD treatment is almost always cheaper than diagnosis! See your doctor right away and stay healthy!

Recently, the number of people seeking help in the treatment of STDs has increased dramatically.

All because of what? Because people lack sexual education, frequent partner changes have become commonplace. Yes, and the majority have a habit of doing nothing, if suddenly something went wrong, they do not turn to a specialist.

And then, when a completely critical situation comes, when there is little that can be done to help, people turn to medical workers. Sexually transmitted diseases are no joke, especially since there are still a lot of STDs that cause no less harm.

Let's see, STDs - what is it and how to deal with it?

In ancient times, venereal diseases appeared. Since the twentieth century, the classification and systematics have changed, a large number of diseases and sexually transmitted infections have been added. As a result, a whole group appeared, the name of which is "STD".

Viral infections. The disease proceeds with damage to organs and systems.

Infections have different modes of transmission, such as:

AIDS virus, or "HIV" for short. Symptoms of the disease can be different, and the course is unpredictable.
Hepatitis B and C. Sexually transmitted is very rare, mostly known cases of transmission through the blood. The disease leads to damage to the hepatic parenchyma.
Herpes simplex virus type 2. This is genital herpes, especially dangerous during each pregnancy for the fetus, as it easily penetrates the placenta and causes very severe lesions. That is why pregnant women are checked for infections. There is an analysis that reveals ToRCH. It is believed that herpes of any type is so common that it is not necessary to treat it. Of course, the opinion is erroneous! You can't joke with any disease. The sooner treatment begins, the better.
Human papillomavirus. It has 27 species and more than 170 types. A large number of types are dangerous to human life in that they predispose to the development of cancer cells.
Cytomegalovirus. One of the representatives of the Herpesviridae family. Contributes to the development of the disease cytomegaly. It is transmitted sexually, but there are also cases when a patient infected a healthy person through close household contact. So this way of transmission is quite possible.
Venereal diseases. There are five of them in total, they are of bacterial origin. These include donovanosis, syphilis, inguinal lymphogranulomatosis, chancre and gonorrhea.

protozoan infections. There are about 50 known protozoan infections included in this group:

Fungus of the genus Candida. It refers to such bacteria that live in the human body and do not cause inconvenience, subject to a good immune system. When a virus enters, the normal flora is disturbed, after which various inflammatory processes begin in a woman. The fungus provokes the emergence of a well-known disease called "thrush" (candidiasis). This infection can provoke inflammation in areas of the oral mucosa. The most common diseases are vaginitis and colpitis. By the way, it should be noted that if suddenly the partner has this fungus, then the partner will also have it. That is why we need to be treated together.
Trichomoniasis. The cause is a unicellular microorganism from the class of flagellates. It is more common in women than in men. Main symptoms: burning and itching of the genitals. Usually accompanies HIV or gonorrhea, gets along well with the fungus.

Symptoms

Representatives of protozoan infections:

Phthiriasis. It is familiar to our grandparents firsthand, since literally 50-80 years ago the infection was quite common. The disease is caused by pubic lice. Rarely seen at present.
Scabies. Mode of transmission: close contact with the patient. The causative agent in some cases is a tick. If you follow the basic rules of personal hygiene, the chances of getting sick are almost zero.
Multiple hemorrhagic sarcomatosis or Kaposi's sarcoma. It is a malignant neoplasm of the skin. This is the eighth type of herpes, joins HIV, and in subsequent stages - to AIDS. Neoplasms affect the entire skin, mucous membranes, while causing torment to the patient.
Molluscum contagiosum. It is caused by a type of smallpox virus. In the course of the disease, the appearance of nodules on the genitals or around them can be observed. Transmission method: sexual, the option of close contact is also not excluded.

New bacterial infections that have recently been added to the list:

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Sometimes a harmless microorganism can cause a disease of the genitourinary system. Under favorable conditions for him (your general malaise, frequent stress, lack of vitamins, weakened immune system), as a rule, STDs occur.

To correctly and quickly identify the disease, you need to contact a specialist, conduct an examination and pass the necessary tests. In men, scrapings are made from the urethra, in women - from the vagina.

Most people go to forums, describe the general condition and make diagnoses for themselves, this cannot be done.

The easiest way to find out if a person is healthy or not is an appointment with a competent medical worker. How does a doctor usually act? Takes a smear on the flora, makes an analysis for the detection of an antigen, conducts a study of biological material (sowing), detects the presence of antibodies to the pathogen in the blood, and conducts an ultrasound scan.

The main risk factors are early onset of sexual activity, a large number of partners. The most common disease precautions will always be good personal hygiene, contacts with healthy people, the abolition of promiscuity, and periodic medical consultations.

The main signs of STDs and differences from STIs

The main common feature of the occurrence of STIs and STDs are groups of infections transmitted through sexual contact. And the other is the presence of similar symptoms for some diseases. For example, by the presence of common signs, the disease can be attributed immediately to four sexually transmitted diseases. The symptoms of syphilis are similar to gonorrhea.

HIV infection and types of hepatitis differ from others in nature. Many types of infections are related in their development to conditionally pathogenic flora: candida, mycoplasma and ureaplasma, gardnerella, but in the presence of a strong immune system they cannot develop in the body.

Currently, there are about 30 types of various infections, most of which are primarily chronic and do not have severe symptoms. They can only be identified in the laboratory.

Such diseases can cause complications, among which even infertility is possible, both female and male.

The primary signs of STDs appear by the end of the incubation period - this is the period from the beginning of the infection to a favorable environment until the first signs are detected.

For different types of diseases, the incubation period lasts differently.

The shortest period is in gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia and ureaplasmosis (with its acute development), which takes about 2 weeks.

In viral diseases such as hepatitis B and C, HIV, papilloma - this period can last up to several years.

In the first days after the completion of the incubation process, the signs of STDs may be the same.

Common symptoms of STIs and STDs:

the appearance of itching and burning in the reproductive system;
dysuria, frequent and painful trips to the toilet, with little urine;
the presence of various inclusions in the semen in men in the form of pus or blood, indicating inflammation of the prostate gland;
mucous discharge with a smell from the urethra or reproductive system;
women have pulling pains in the lower abdomen;
there is an increase in lymph nodes, as well as pain on palpation.

With different types of pathogens, the signs of manifestation may be specific.

In recent years, disease statistics do not look rosy at all, because there are few absolutely healthy people left, especially among women. The presence of serious diseases is quite rare, but almost everyone has dysbacteriosis.

Therefore, the question arises, what then is considered the norm? After all, it refers to the state of most people. The dispute between doctors and scientists has been going on for a long time in relation to gardnerellosis (vaginitis) to the disease. With its development, there is an imbalance between "beneficial" and "pathogenic" bacteria.

Research

In the absence of viral infections, the cause of vaginal dysbacteriosis can be:

hormonal disbalance;
decreased immunity;
treatment with antibiotics or hormones;
direct contact with a toxicant;
protection from unwanted pregnancy by intrauterine method;
unprotected sex.

The causative agent of vaginitis can only be found in the reproductive system of women, and therefore only they suffer from this. The development of this process can be affected by any representative of the opportunistic flora, among them there may be various fungi, ureaplasma and many others. This disease also negatively affects the sexual partner, so it can also be attributed to STDs.

The popular Ebola virus is also sexually transmitted, but it is impossible to catch it during the incubation period.

After all of the above, we can conclude that among the many viruses and microorganisms that cause STIs, it is possible to make the correct diagnosis and select the appropriate treatment only if the correct diagnosis is made.

STD symptoms in men and women

The period of time from the moment of infection with a sexually transmitted disease to the onset of symptoms is from one day to a week. After a longer period of time, already serious STD symptoms and changes in the body are noticeable.

How to understand that after all the infection with a venereal disease has occurred:

it is noticeable that they began to go to the toilet more often, while urination is quite painful;
there is discomfort in the perineum;
copious discharge from the genitals, accompanied by an unpleasant odor;
symptoms of STDs in women are manifested by the periodic occurrence of pain in the vagina and in the lower abdomen;
the appearance of ulcers, pimples, etc. around the anus and genitals;
pain during sexual intercourse;
in the groin, lymph nodes can sometimes increase.

If most of the symptoms are present, you should immediately consult a specialist. The main thing is to learn about the disease in the early stages and start treatment on time, then the recovery will be successful.

It must be remembered that at least once every six months it is necessary to visit the hospital and undergo examinations.

If you notice a discharge with pus, urination has become more frequent (it has become painful), pain in the abdomen and lower back has appeared, then most likely these STD symptoms indicate chlamydia. Symptoms of STDs in men are manifested by severe pain in the scrotum and in the perineum, in a woman, in some cases, bleeding occurs. Infection can sometimes lead to various inflammations, pathologies occur in pregnant women, and so on. Violated potency, inflammation of the bladder in men.

Trichomoniasis. Signs of this infection will become noticeable within a month. Symptoms of STDs in men are as follows: purulent discharge is observed, going to the toilet causes a lot of inconvenience, including burning. Symptoms of STDs in women in most cases are manifested by noticeable yellow-green discharge, while there is a sharp, unpleasant odor.

The inner layer and cervix, urinary tract, ovaries and fallopian tubes are affected. If a pregnant woman is sick with trichomoniasis, then the baby is likely to become infected during childbirth. By the way, most often trichomoniasis is cured in children on their own.

Medications

Syphilis. The period of infection and the appearance of the first symptoms starts from three days, reaches up to six weeks. The first signal that a woman is sick is an ulcer that forms on the labia or on the vaginal mucosa. The ulcer is round and easy to recognize. In men, it forms on the scrotum or penis.

After just a couple of weeks, there is an increase in the lymph nodes, later the second stage of the disease begins to develop (a rash is noticeable on the body, the body temperature rises slightly and the head begins to hurt, the lymph nodes continue to increase). And of course, we all know the further course of this dangerous disease.

If you start to engage in treatment in the early stages of the development of the disease, it will take no more than four months. In advanced cases, the patient's recovery is achieved within three years. By the way, at present the disease is completely curable.

Gonorrhea. The first symptoms are noticeable after a few days. Men have pain when urinating and yellow or yellow-green discharge. In women, pulls the lower abdomen, frequent urination, accompanied by pain.

Sexually transmitted diseases are unpredictable and anyone can get them. It is also difficult to diagnose the disease, since all STD symptoms are similar to each other.

The main symptoms of STDs in men (if detected, you should contact a specialist as soon as possible):

increase in body temperature;
frequent visits to the toilet;
burning during the process of urination;
pain in the lower back;
any discharge with an unpleasant odor.

Symptoms in women:

itching of the genitals;
the occurrence of discomfort during sex (pain);
the menstrual cycle has become irregular;
atypical discharge with a smell;
drawing pains in the lower abdomen;
frequent trips to the toilet and so on.

Take note: such diseases in the female population go unnoticed, in most cases the symptoms are so mild that you may not know about the disease. It is worth remembering that with any change in the body, you need to consult a doctor.

Treatment of STDs and their prevention

Despite the fact that everyone knows about the methods of protection during sexual contact, the number of people with STDs in our country is not decreasing.

It's all to blame - a disregard for one's health, an alcoholic change in thinking, and a purely Russian "maybe".

Even if there was a dangerous, unprotected sexual contact, medicine has in its arsenal disinfectants, which include an antiseptic.

Of course, such treatment of STDs does not provide 100% protection, but it will be effective against some sexually transmitted diseases.

In the case of HIV and hepatitis, the antiseptic does not give any result. If HIV infection is suspected, emergency antiretroviral therapy is performed. The earlier you start it, the more likely you are not to get infected status. With the "gentle killer" - the situation is much more complicated.

Treatment for blood-borne hepatitis is lengthy and has many side effects. And the very treatment of STDs is beyond the reach of the average citizen. Although science is developing, pharmaceuticals are improving drugs and trying to reduce the cost of treatment. For example, 10 years ago the same treatment cost many times more.

Types of STDs

Against STDs, there are medicines containing iodine ("Betadine"). Such a drug is produced in the form of vaginal suppositories or a special solution. In this regard, both men and women can use the medicine. It is necessary to treat the genital organs of this kind with prophylactic agents immediately after intercourse.

Remember that even the most expensive and high-quality condom does not give a 100% guarantee.

There is always a risk of contracting such sexually transmitted diseases:

Syphilis.
Gonorrhea.
Gonorrhea.
Chlamydia.
Common scabies and pubic lice.
candidiasis and other infections.

Such diseases are dangerous for human health, not only because there is a pain syndrome at a certain stage of development, but also because there are a lot of side effects. Among them: infertility, impotence, the occurrence of tumors. These tumors can be malignant, so it is very important to monitor the cleanliness and condition of the genitourinary system.

Very often, people with such diseases (due to increased shame) seek help too late, at such stages when venereologists can only shrug. Remember, at the first suspicion that there is an STD disease, contact a specialist immediately.

Signs of STDs do not appear immediately, an infection or a virus needs a certain amount of time to start infecting an organ and it gave an alarm.

For example, the incubation period for gonorrhea is three to ten days. Only after him can a person begin to suspect that not everything is as good with his sexual organ as we would like.

In any case, for men and women, you need to learn one main rule, if there are pains and cramps in the genitals, there are suspicious discharges, you need to contact the clinic as soon as possible and take all the necessary tests to determine the diagnosis. Take care of your health and do not self-medicate. This is more dangerous than a late visit to the doctor.

Intimate relationships are one of the integral areas of life for almost any sexually mature person of fertile age. With a responsible attitude, observance of hygiene standards and the use of reliable methods of contraception, unpleasant "surprises" can be avoided.

The simplest and most affordable means of preventing any problems is condoms. In addition to unplanned pregnancy, they will reliably protect against many sexually transmitted diseases. If risky behavior has led to infection, medical treatment (sometimes long-term) cannot be avoided.

What are venereal diseases

This term refers to a group of infections transmitted from a carrier to a sexual partner during intercourse. These diseases are part of the concept of "diseases (or infections) sexually transmitted" - STDs or STIs, respectively. A broader definition includes not only lesions of the reproductive system caused by pathogenic bacteria and fungi, but also AIDS, human papillomavirus, scabies, pubic pediculosis and others.

STDs can be transmitted through more than just sexual contact. Infection can be carried out by contact, parenterally, vertically.

The approach to treatment depends on the causative agent of the infection. For example, viral diseases require antiviral therapy, fungal infections are treated with fungicides, and bacterial infections with antibiotics.

Antibiotics for genital infections

The best known sexually transmitted diseases are gonorrhea and syphilis. In addition to them, this group includes soft chancre, inguinal granuloma, urogenital trichomoniasis, venereal lymphogranuloma, chlamydia, etc. All of these pathologies are amenable to antibiotic therapy, but require prior consultation with a dermatovenereologist and compliance with his appointments.

Self-treatment on the advice of non-specialists usually leads to a temporary suppression of the activity of pathogens when the symptoms disappear. However, the disease progresses, although less noticeably, and the pathogen acquires resistance to the antibiotic used. As a result, a form of the disease that is difficult to respond to antibiotic therapy is formed, and numerous complications appear.

Major diseases

Below is a brief description of the symptoms of STDs, their forms and methods of drug therapy. The information in this case is for informational purposes only and should not become a guide to self-treatment.

Firstly, a preliminary laboratory analysis is required to accurately determine the pathogen, and secondly, antibiotic therapy should be individual. For example, all drugs are divided into basic (broad-spectrum) and reserve. The second group of medicines is prescribed for the resistance of pathogens to the main antibiotics.

At the moment, the same antibiotics are used for STDs in women and men, as well as treatment regimens.

Syphilis

Known since the 15th century, when the first epidemic of this disease occurred in Europe. Since then, various therapies have been tried, but only with the advent of the era of antibiotics, doctors learned how to rid patients of it quickly and with little or no consequences. The causative agent is pale treponema (lat. Treponema pallidum), which enters the body through the mucous membranes and causes a systemic chronic infection that affects the internal organs, skin, bones and nervous system.

Primary- with the formation of a hard chancre (mainly in the genital area, but can be localized in the pharynx, arms, abdomen, anus). The formation is a seal of small diameter, sometimes with an erosive surface. However, the modern craze for antibiotics sometimes prevents the pronounced activity of treponema, and the chancre does not appear, and the disease is diagnosed already in the second stage.
Treatment - three intramuscular injections of bicillin-1 with an interval of 5-8 days. In case of intolerance, ceftriaxone® injections, doxycycline®, erythromycin® preparations, etc. are prescribed. in accordance with the diagram.
Secondary- manifested by various skin rashes. It can be spots that look like lichen and psoriasis, nodules, wide warts, pustules. At the end of the period, due to the penetration of the pathogen through the blood-brain barrier, pathologies of the central nervous system (neurosyphilis) are diagnosed. Treated with bicillin-3 ® (according to the scheme) or others. Reserve drugs -,.
Tertiary- deep damage to all organs and tissues. It is expressed in the form of various malignant tumors, necrosis of the skin and cartilage. Therapy - 4-week course of "benzylpenicillin sodium salt" ® There are no sexually transmitted diseases, since even different periods of syphilis require an individual approach to the choice of the drug. If a pregnant woman is infected, then if she wants to save the fetus, it is necessary to prescribe the appropriate stage of treatment with antibiotics of the penicillin series. Since the infection of the child with treponema occurs during childbirth, prevention is mandatory even in the maternity hospital (benzylpenicillin sodium salt).

Gonorrhea

With unprotected intercourse, Neisseria gonorrhoeae affects the mucous membranes (mainly the genital organs, as well as the rectum, oropharynx and eyes). The pathology is characterized by a long incubation period, after which itching, burning, milky discharge, pain, the appearance of bright inflammatory hyperemia of the affected mucous membranes, pain during urination, and the appearance of false urge to urinate appear. At the same time, in about half of infected women, the only symptom is milky-purulent discharge.

If untreated, the infection spreads to the pelvic organs and kidneys, which leads to severe complications and infertility.

Antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated gonorrhea consists of a single intramuscular injection of one of the drugs: Ceftriaxone ® , or (the dose depends on the severity), together with oral administration of a gram (azithromycin ® is indicated in the presence of concomitant STDs).

Trichomoniasis

The most common infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. After a rather long incubation period (from a week to a month), women develop symptoms such as hyperemia of the vulva and vagina with purulent discharge, burning, pain during intercourse and urination, and itching. In men, most cases are asymptomatic.

The chronic form is one of the main causes of infertility and recurrent inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs.

Antibiotics for trichomoniasis in women are prescribed for a seven-day course. Need to take : orally, 500 mg twice a day.

Reserve drugs are tinidazole ® and. Treatment of pregnant women can be started in the second trimester (2 grams of ornidazole ® or metronidazole ® once). Without systemic antibiotic therapy, local antibiotic therapy in the form of ointments and suppositories is ineffective.

Chlamydia

Widespread latent infection (occurs in most cases asymptomatically) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Clinically, it is always manifested by urethritis, both in men and women. The latter are more likely to become infected, and, in addition, chlamydia is considered a component of the conditionally pathogenic flora of the vagina.

In the absence of symptoms of the inflammatory process, this infection is not treated. However, with symptoms of urethritis, a course is indicated or .

Alternative drugs, including for pregnant women, are erythromycin ® , amoxicillin ® , spiramycin ® , josamycin ® .

Other infections

Other diseases are recorded much less frequently. Antibiotics are used for these sexually transmitted diseases in men and women as follows:

Lymphogranuloma venereum (caused by C. trachomatis) is successfully treated with a three-week course of doxycycline® (100 mg twice a day) or erythromycin (500 mg four times a day).
Inguinal granuloma is also an "exotic" infection, since the pathogen C. granulomatis actively reproduces only in tropical climates. Antibiotic therapy consists in taking doxycycline ® or co-trimoxazole ® according to the scheme.
Soft chancre is another rare venereal disease in Russia that comes from hot countries. The pathogen H. ducreyi is killed by a single gram of Azithromycin® orally, a single intramuscular injection of Ceftriaxone® (250 mg), or a five-day course of erythromycin.

All of these infections are manifested by seals or ulcerations in the groin or genital area. It is quite difficult to get infected with them in our climate, and on vacation in Africa, India, South America, accidental unprotected sexual contacts should be avoided.

What antibiotics to drink to prevent STDs?

As you know, it is better to prevent the disease. The best option in this case is the presence of a permanent proven partner and the use of a condom. This contraceptive guarantees almost complete safety of casual sexual intercourse.

The use of antiseptics after coitus (for example, Miramistin ®) for disinfection of the genital organs can also give some effect. Although clinical studies note a very low effectiveness of this method.

What antibacterial drugs can be taken orally to avoid infection?

The effectiveness of Azithromycin ® in STDs

As can be seen from the above information, this powerful antibiotic - from the azalide subclass, is quite often used in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. However, it is pointless and ineffective to use it as a prophylaxis after unprotected intercourse.

The drug is also often used to treat infections of bacterial origin in the respiratory tract, where it has gained great popularity due to its short course and convenient dosage regimen. Not being a panacea in venereology, it is still successfully used for the treatment of:

gonorrhea (in combination with ceftriaxone ®) - 1 gram, taken once;
chlamydia - once 1 g;
soft chancre - similarly.

As for the treatment of syphilis, here Azithromycin ® is prescribed together with penicillins. The effectiveness of monotherapy against pale treponema has not been proven.

But in any case, drinking antibiotics after an accidental sexual intercourse or if infection is suspected is unacceptable. Venereal diseases should be treated by a specialist based on laboratory tests. Self-treatment is the way to temporary suppression of the pathogen, its mutation and the occurrence of severe complications. In addition, the social significance of STDs requires awareness that will help stop the spread of infections.

To date, antibiotics for sexually transmitted infections have shown high efficacy in the treatment of these diseases. Sexual infections in the past were called venereal diseases, after the goddess of love, Venus. Such a beautiful name has a very prosaic basis. These infections are transmitted through sexual contact. These diseases include gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV/AIDS, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, and others. Many of the STDs (sexually transmitted diseases) do not manifest themselves for a long time, but destroy the body from the inside and are transmitted during sex.

Distribution and danger of STDs

Sexually transmitted diseases are transmitted through all types of sexual contact: vaginal, oral, anal. Sexually transmitted diseases are:

bacterial vaginosis;
chlamydia;
gonorrhea:
syphilis;
HIV AIDS;
human papilloma virus;
hepatitis;
genital herpes;
trichomoniasis;
chancroid;
chlamydia;
mycoplasmosis.

Any sexually active person can get sick. You don't have to have direct sexual intercourse to get infected. STDs such as herpes and HIV can be passed through skin contact. Now every seventh inhabitant of the Earth is a carrier of one or more venereal infections.

Adolescents and young people aged 15 to 24 are especially often victims, as this population group is the most sexually active and careless in choosing sexual partners.

Sexually transmitted diseases, curable in modern conditions, become very dangerous if they are not treated. For example, untreated chlamydia and gonorrhea create complications during pregnancy, cause death of the newborn and infertility. In men, running gonorrhea causes prostatitis, urethritis.

Hepatitis B and C cause severe liver damage that often remains for life. The human papillomavirus contributes to the development of oncology. The causative agents of sexual infections weaken the immune system, increase the chances of contracting HIV. Syphilis, if left untreated, leads to disability and even death.

How to identify STDs

All diseases are different, and each has a number of specific symptoms. An accurate diagnosis can only be made in the laboratory. But there are several symptoms that are observed in almost any sexual infection. It:

unnatural discharge from the genitals (abundant, in the form of foam, with blood, putrid or sour smell);
severe itching and burning in the genital and anal area;
pain when urinating, especially in the morning;
any rashes in the genital area (in the form of sores, vesicles, warts, abscesses, etc.);
fever and swollen lymph nodes;
lower abdominal pain.

With oral infection, angina (manifestations of syphilis, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis, chlamydia) and stomatitis (gonorrhea) can develop, anal contact with an infected partner leads to itching, pain, burning in the rectum, and pus discharge during bowel movements.

STDs at all times were considered bad diseases, which is why people are ashamed to see a doctor on time, self-medicate. Knowing about the danger of complications, every person who values his health and the health of loved ones should consult a venereologist as soon as possible.

How are genital infections treated?

Venereal diseases are described by ancient Greek physicians. In the past, when there were no means of safe sex, people were saved from infections only by religious prohibitions on premarital and extramarital affairs. However, soldiers, sailors, travelers and adventurers of both sexes often suffered from the diseases of Venus. It was impossible to cure these diseases in those days.

In the 30s of the twentieth century, a revolution occurred in medicine associated with the beginning of the use of antibiotics. The first of the STDs to be targeted with antibiotics is gonorrhea. Treatment with injections of penicillin proved to be very effective against gonococci. In the 1940s, an antibiotic attack on syphilis began. Penicillin was used, and later Bicillin. When treated with antibiotics, pale spirochetes (causative agents of syphilis) die very quickly. Thus, antibiotics for sexually transmitted infections have proven to be highly effective.

As for other sexually transmitted diseases, most of them were discovered and studied relatively recently: from 100 to 30 years ago. Therefore, doctors immediately began to fight these infections with antibiotics.

More than 200 antibiotic agents are known to modern medicine. For the treatment of genital infections use:

Bicillin-5, Benzylpenicillin sodium or potassium salt, Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline (against syphilis);
Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Spectinomycin, Ofloxacin (against gonorrhea);
Tetracycline, Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin (against chlamydia);
Metronidazole (against trichomoniasis);
Cephalosporin, Penicillin, Doxycycline, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Ofloxacin, Lincomycin (against mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis).

All drugs are prescribed by a doctor according to special schemes, depending on the disease, its stage and nature of the course.

In no case should patients self-treat with antibiotics, having found symptoms similar to STDs:

First, we need a diagnosis that will identify a specific pathogen. Not all antibiotics work equally on different microbes.
Secondly, only a venereologist will be able to determine what treatment should be: in injections, tablets or external.
Thirdly, a number of diseases do not require antibiotics at all (for example, genital herpes or papilloma). Some patients suffer from allergic intolerance to certain drugs, and only a specialist can choose the right analogue.

A healthy sex life with one regular partner is the best.

Once STDs have been identified, infections should be treated as early as possible to prevent complications. Let's talk about how to treat STDs in women and men.

What is an STD Treatment Plan?

The treatment regimen includes several types of drugs.

Therapy used:

etiotropic;
pathogenetic;
symptomatic.

The basis of the treatment of STDs in men and women is etiotropic therapy. Without it, taking all other drugs will not allow you to get rid of the disease.

Etiotropic therapy is aimed at eliminating the cause of the pathology - that is, at the destruction of the infectious agent. Antibiotics are usually prescribed in the form of injections or tablets for STDs. In women, vaginal suppositories can also be used to treat STDs.

They are used to improve the effectiveness of systemic therapy. Drugs other than antimicrobials are also used. Enzymes are often prescribed in the treatment of STDs. They enhance the action of antibiotics due to their better penetration into tissues.

Immune drugs for the treatment of STDs can be used to enhance the body's defenses against infectious diseases.

They are often used for viral infections. Especially in cases where effective etiotropic therapy against identified pathogens has not yet been developed. The doctor always takes into account possible complications in the treatment of STDs. When choosing drugs, he always takes into account the peculiarities of the effects of antibiotics on the human body. For example, some drugs are prohibited during pregnancy, a person may be allergic to others, others are contraindicated for medical reasons, etc. If a person suffers from liver pathology, the doctor will give preference to drugs that are eliminated to a greater extent through the kidneys.

Side effects in the treatment of STDs are stopped by additional drugs. Manifestations of dysbacteriosis are removed by probiotics. In case of bitterness in the mouth and heaviness in the right hypochondrium, the doctor may prescribe hepatoprotectors.

Treatment of bacterial STDs

STDs are treated in the same way for men and women. The same antibiotics are used to treat STDs in men and women, in the same dosages, for a course of similar duration. The choice of drug is determined by the detected infection.

Drugs for the treatment of STDs in men of bacterial etiology:

with gonorrhea - ceftriaxone;
with syphilis - penicillins;
with chlamydia - doxycycline.

Antibiotics for the treatment of STDs in women are sometimes prescribed in response to pregnancy or preparation for it. Preference is given to drugs that are not toxic to the fetus. During pregnancy, ceftriaxone, azithromycin, josamycin, amoxicillin can be used. Instillations are sometimes used as an adjunct therapy in both sexes to treat STDs.

Treatment of viral STDs

Viral infections are often much more difficult to treat. Against some, drugs for etiotropic therapy have not even been developed.

Tablets for the treatment of STDs of viral etiology are selected by a doctor. These can be antiviral drugs (acyclovir for herpes, antiretroviral therapy for HIV).

Often used immunomodulatory therapy (with papillomavirus infection). Many diseases are not cured completely - they get worse from time to time and you have to fight them all your life.

Treatment of fungal STDs

Fungal infections are sometimes treated without pills. Ointments are used to treat STDs of fungal etiology.

Women may be prescribed vaginal suppositories or tablets. For local treatment, fenticonazole, clindamycin, miconazole are prescribed. For systemic therapy - fluconazole, itraconazole, ciclopirox.

Treatment of STD complications

Treatment of complications of STDs in men and women is often required. Among them, obstruction of the fallopian tubes, the formation of abscesses, reactive inflammation of the joints, etc.

In each case, the treatment is selected individually. It can be carried out with the participation of specialized specialists.

Thus, the treatment of joint lesions in STDs is the competence of a rheumatologist. If the valvular apparatus of the heart is affected, a cardiologist is involved in the treatment process.

Treatment of complications can be conservative or surgical. Conservative therapy consists in the appointment of additional drugs and non-drug procedures.

Surgical treatment can be indicated in the formation of limited foci of purulent inflammation. Often it is carried out in order to restore fertility. After the treatment of STDs in women, this may be reconstructive surgery on the fallopian tubes in order to restore their patency.

Timing of STD treatment

How much treatment for sexually transmitted infections depends on a number of factors:

type of infection;
its severity;
duration of infection;
what drugs are used.

Some infectious pathologies are treated by taking one tablet. With other drugs, you have to take 1-2 weeks. Some STDs are treated with antibiotics given parenterally, in a hospital setting, for 3-4 weeks or more.

Tests after STD treatment

Whatever the terms of therapy, after its completion, control tests are always given. They are usually done 2 weeks after the abolition of etiotropic treatment. Analyzes show whether the infection is destroyed.

If yes, then the person goes home and no longer worries about his health. If the infection is found in the structures of the urogenital tract, this means that the treatment was ineffective, and a second course is needed.

Causes of failure in the treatment of STDs

There are many reasons why STDs fail.

Here are the main ones:

Non-compliance by the patient with medical prescriptions.

A person can independently replace the drug prescribed by a doctor, change the dosage or regimen. Sometimes he forgets to take antibiotics or is not treated to the end, feeling the disappearance of symptoms. Often, the patient does not buy all the drugs prescribed by the doctor in the pharmacy in order to save money.

flora resistance.

The bacterium may simply be insensitive to the prescribed antibiotic. In this case, a second course of therapy with a drug with a different mechanism of action is carried out.

Medical errors.

Perhaps you have chosen a bad clinic, a low-skilled doctor. He prescribed outdated drugs, which turned out to be a failure.

Self-treatment of which STDs is possible

Most STDs cannot be treated on their own.

Perhaps a person can take drugs in case of herpes himself, if the exacerbation does not occur for the first time. Usually he already has experience in dealing with this pathology. He remembers what drugs he used during the previous exacerbation, he can independently buy them at a pharmacy and use them to treat the disease. All other infections should only be treated by a specialist. Otherwise, complications may develop due to improper treatment.

Which doctor treats STDs

This group of infectious diseases is treated by a venereologist. If you do not know where to go for STD treatment, make an appointment with a doctor at our clinic. We employ highly qualified venereologists who have many years of experience in treating genital infections. Within a few days you will get rid of your disease and will be able to lead a full intimate life.

If you suspect an STD, contact a competent venereologist.