Kyrgyzstan borders on which countries. Are Kyrgyzstan and Kyrgyzstan the same thing or not? Office Hours

Official name: Republic of Kyrgyzstan

Location: Kyrgyzstan is located in Central Asia, bordering Kazakhstan in the north, Uzbekistan in the west, Tajikistan in the southwest, and China in the southeast. Most of the country is occupied by mountains, and most of the central part of Kyrgyzstan is occupied by the Tien Shan mountains. Thanks to this, Kyrgyzstan is famous as a stunningly beautiful place that is the best suited for hiking and outdoor recreation. Kyrgyzstan has no access to the seas and oceans, but still, an ideal beach holiday is possible here thanks to the shores of the warm lake Issyk-Kul. Summers in Kyrgyzstan are quite hot, averaging around 30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit) – excellent conditions for swimming and relaxing in the mountains. With winter, it gets colder and snow falls, thanks to which residents and guests of Kyrgyzstan devote themselves to all kinds of winter sports, such as skiing. Tourists in this country fully experience the famous Central Asian hospitality and immerse themselves in Kyrgyz culture. The longest epic poem in the world, the Manas epic plays a significant role in Kyrgyz culture and is represented in many sights and monuments.

The Kyrgyz Republic stretches for 900 km from east to west and 410 km from north to south and is located between 39° and 43°N. The total area is almost 200 thousand square meters. km.

Land borders: 4,573 km
China 1063 km, Kazakhstan 1212 km, Tajikistan 984 km, Uzbekistan 1314 km

Population: About 6 million people
Bishkek: 900,000
Osh: 210,000
Jalal-Abad: 70,000
Karakol: 65,000
Tokmok: 60,000

Capital: Bishkek is the political, economic and administrative center of Kyrgyzstan, as well as a place of historical and cultural significance. The city is home to many government agencies, diplomatic missions and international organizations. Bishkek was founded in 1878 and has been the capital since 1926. There are many parks and cafes, as well as museums and shopping centers. In 2015, about a million people lived in Bishkek.

Language: The state language is Kyrgyz, Russian is the official language. Many business and political meetings are held in Russian, while Kyrgyz is widely spoken throughout the country and is the language of parliament. In the eastern part of the country, Uzbek is predominantly spoken. In the Kyrgyz language, a modified Cyrillic alphabet is adopted for writing. Pupils can choose to attend a Russian, Kyrgyz or Uzbek school.

Kyrgyz belongs to the Turkic group of languages, it is similar to the Kazakh and Karakalpak languages ​​and very remotely to other Turkic languages ​​- Turkish, Uzbek, Turkmen and Uighur. Many people in Kyrgyzstan speak two or more languages.

Religion: Approximately 80% of the population are Muslims, another 15% are Orthodox, and the remaining 5% profess other religions. However, religious beliefs do not dominate everyday life, but rather are part of the culture and linked to ethnicity and traditions. Religion, especially Islam, began to play a larger role in public and political life after gaining independence from the atheistic Soviet Union. The government of Kyrgyzstan is secular, although it controls and imposes some restrictions on religious organizations.

Political system: Unitary parliamentary republic.

Government bodies: Parliament (Jogorku Kenesh). The head of government is the prime minister; the head of state is the President.

Administrative-territorial division: Kyrgyzstan is divided into 7 regions: Batken, Osh, Jalal-Abad, Naryn, Issyk-Kul, Chui and Talas; and 2 cities of republican significance - Bishkek and Osh.

Currency: The national currency is the Kyrgyz som, it is equal to 100 tyiyns. Banknotes in denominations of 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000 soms, as well as coins of 1, 3, 5 and 10 soms are in circulation. Tyiyns are rarely used.

National symbols: Flag of Kyrgyzstan, coat of arms of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyz flag: A red rectangle, in the center of which there is a solar disk with forty rays diverging around it. Inside the solar disk is a tyundyuk - the top of the Kyrgyz yurt - which symbolizes the father's house and the universe. 40 sunbeams symbolize 40 ancient tribes of Kyrgyzstan.

Kyrgyz coat of arms: The emblem depicts a falcon spreading its wings over the Kyrgyz lands and the Tien Shan mountains, as well as the rising sun. The predominant color on the coat of arms is light blue, it symbolizes courage and generosity.

Chui area

Chui region is located in the northern part of the Kyrgyz Republic.

It borders on Kazakhstan in the north and west, on the Naryn region in the south, on the Issyk-Kul region in the east, and on Talas region in the southwest. The region occupies the Chui and Chon-Kemin valleys, the slopes of the mountains of the Kyrgyz, Zaili and Kungei Ala-Too. It is located at an altitude of 550-4895 meters above sea level.

The total occupied area is 20.19 thousand sq.

km population - 772.0 thousand people. (01/01/2000), population density - 38.24 people. for 1 km. Over the past 10 years, the population of the region has decreased by 18.5 thousand people, or by 2.4%, mainly due to the migration of residents of the region outside of Kyrgyzstan. The region is rich in minerals: chromium, nickel, ores of lead and zinc, gold, bismuth, rare earth elements, as well as non-metallic minerals: halite, mineral abolite, gypsum, talc, etc.

There are 4 large reservoirs: Kara-Balta, Sokuluk, Ala-Archa, Chemyuch and a network of small ones. A cascade of hydroelectric power stations was built on the Chui River and the Big Chuisky Canal. Favorable climatic conditions, production resources and developed infrastructure have led to a higher socio-economic level of the region compared to other regions.

The region is the most economically developed region of the republic, has a large production potential; large industrial enterprises of various sectors of the economy are concentrated here. This is one of those regions where the volume of industrial production exceeds agricultural.

In terms of industrial development, the Chui region ranks first among the regions of the republic, and in terms of production per capita, the region's indicators are higher than the national average. It is the most developed industrial region with a high concentration of production and high labor productivity. The enterprises of the region are among the largest in the country.

In the region there is the Kyrgyz mining plant, which works for the export of Kyrgyz gold; Bakai JSC, Kant cement-slate plant, Tokmok sheet glass plant, Keminsky cable plant, Keminsky ETZ, Koshoi JSC, Kainda sugar plant, etc. Due to the lack of natural moisture in the flat part of the Chui Valley, agricultural production is based on irrigated agriculture, for which favorable conditions are created by spring-summer floods, and only 15-20% of irrigated lands are watered by irrigation systems. The region has a large potential for arable land (33.5%) in the total land resource of the republic.

The soil and climatic conditions of the Chui Valley are favorable not only for the cultivation of sugar beet, alfalfa, vegetables and melons, but also suitable for the cultivation of rice, cotton, and mulberry. The region is the absolute leader in the turnover of the most important types of products.

In terms of exports, it ranks first among the regions of the republic, and in terms of imports, it ranks second (after Bishkek).

Naryn region

Area - 47.2 thousand m2

Population - 267,564 thousand people (population census 1999)

Naryn region is located in the southeastern part of the Kyrgyz Republic, in the very center of the Asian continent.

The region borders on China, Chui, Jalal-Abad, Issyk-Kul regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. A significant part of the territory is mountain ranges, the climate is continental, arid, several natural and climatic zones can be observed: at an altitude of 1400-1600 m above sea level desert, 1600-1800 m semi-desert, 1800-2000 m steppe, 2500-4000 m subalpine and alpine belts , above 4000 m is a zone of eternal snow. There are more than 5000 rivers and a stream in the Naryn region.

The high-mountain part of the ranges is occupied by glaciers, which give rise to many rivers that go far beyond the borders of the region, such is the Chu River, which irrigates the fields of the Chui Valley, the beginning of the Tarim River in China. Naryn is the main water artery of the Kyrgyz Republic, the main component of the river.

The Syr Darya is the second river in Central Asia after the Amu Darya. Its length is 807 km, the height difference is 1,715 meters, which determines its high potential energy, which is promising and attractive for the construction of a hydroelectric power station. In terms of hydropower reserves, the NARYN River is included in the top ten rivers of the CIS countries.

Only the Naryn River and its tributaries can produce 36.475 billion kWh of electricity per year. About 600 small and large rivers flow into it. To date, the At-Bashi HPP of low capacity operates.

Republic of Kyrgyzstan

It is planned to build another 6 HPPs of medium capacity. Further construction of HPPs on the Tien Shan rivers has great prospects and reserves for the development of micro HPPs and energy in the Kyrgyz Republic. There are numerous alpine lakes in the region. The largest of them are SON-KOL, CHATYR-KOL.

Batken region

The Batken region was formed in October 1999 with the regional center Batken, 230 km.

The territory of Batken region is 16995 sq. km. Batken, Kadamzhai and Leilek districts and the cities of Kyzyl-Kiya and Sulukta are located on the territory of the region. The territory of the region covers the wide expanses of the Fergana Valley, the foothills of the Turkestan and Alai Ranges, the valleys of the Isfairam-Sai, Shaimerden, Ak-Suu, Sokh, Isfara, Kara-Suu and Leilek rivers, which supply water to the main irrigation system.

The region borders on the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Leninabad region of the Republic of Tajikistan.

The climate is continental, with hot summers and moderately cold winters. The average air temperature is +27°C in July and -3°C in January. The average annual rainfall is 200-500mm.

Natural and climatic conditions are favorable for the development of all branches of agriculture.

people of which: labor resources 187.3 thousand people, the number of economically active population 124.64 thousand people, including 115.9 thousand people employed in all sectors of the economy. Representatives of 60 nations and nationalities, ethnic groups live in the region.

As of January 1, 2000 in Batken oblast, the number of economic legal entities and individuals amounted to 7599 units, and in comparison with the state as of January 1, 1999.

increased by 969 units, or 14.6%. Their largest share is registered in agriculture - 3157 units (51.5%), trade and public catering - 2844 (37.4%), industry - 533 (7.0%), transport and communications - 301 (4.1 %).

2.2% of economic entities are in state ownership, 2.0% in communal ownership and 95.8% in private ownership.

Batken region is rich in mineral deposits, such as antimony, mercury, coal, gold, silver, tantalum, oil and gas.

There are large reserves of raw materials for the production of building materials.

The priority direction of the economic growth of the region is the development and modernization of the processing and food industries, which is based on the processing of local raw materials.

Issues related to the creation of joint ventures, the introduction of the latest technologies, the modernization and technical re-equipment of existing production facilities, the formation of a favorable investment climate to attract foreign and domestic investment, to enter the world market with competitive products, are being resolved, for this purpose it is planned to create free economic and customs zones on the territory of Batken region.

Issyk-Kul region

There are 5 districts, 63 rural councils in the region.

The population is about 410 thousand people.

The HDI value for the region, according to the data for 1998, was 0.70, for its growth during 1995-98. mainly influenced by the increase in GRP due to the implementation of the Kumtor project. In general, in terms of the level of per capita regional product in terms of PPP, the region ranks 3rd in the country, second only to Bishkek and Chui region. However, it should be noted that the gold mining industry, which only partly belongs to the regional economy, has a very large share in this indicator.

In the structure of the regional economy, the share of the service sector is also relatively high (due to the resort area).

The development of transport infrastructure is of great importance for the future of the regional economy.

In most transport schemes, the region occupies the end places, as it is limited by high mountain ranges. Two road projects are usually cited as priorities in this plan. The first is a road that directly connects the east of the region with South-East Kazakhstan. The improvement of this transport corridor could make it much easier for local products to reach important export markets. The second one is the shortest route from the city of Almaty (Kazakhstan), the most important external tourist market, to the resort area of ​​the region (construction has already begun, but there are not enough funds to build a high-quality road).

Issyk-Kul Lake is a unique natural wealth of the region.

Its preservation is not only the preservation of the natural environment for people's lives, but also the key to the further development of the tourism industry.

Osh region

There are 4 districts in the region. The population is over 1170 thousand people.

About a third of the population of the republic lives in the Osh region (the population of one Kara-Suu region is more than 270 thousand people).

people, which exceeds the population of Talas and Naryn regions). Here is the second largest city in the country - Osh (more than a quarter of a million inhabitants). The region is part of the Ferghana Valley, a region of ancient culture.

The city of Osh will soon celebrate its 3000th anniversary. The region has many mineral resources and good conditions for growing cotton, vegetables and fruits. Nevertheless, agrarian overpopulation, unfavorable location in relation to the main existing communication routes and the least advanced industrialization cause the region to lag behind in most indicators of human development.

The main direction of overcoming the backlog of the region is to accelerate the development of its economy.

For this, the most important conditions are the improvement of the transport infrastructure, primarily the Bishkek-Osh and Osh-Sary-Tash-Irkeshtam highways, and the overcoming of customs and other border barriers to the development of trade relations in the region.

An important role in this regard can be played by regional integration and cooperation within the Fergana region.

We can talk about certain specific features of the mentality, culture and lifestyle of the population of the region. Many districts of the region gravitate towards the traditional way of life, which was formed in the ancient center of civilization - the Ferghana Valley.

Jalal-Abad region

There are 8 districts and 75 rural administrations in the region, the population is about 870 thousand people.

The region belongs to the southern region of the country. On the other hand, it also has such features as a fairly developed industrial sector, which includes all the major hydroelectric power plants in the country, almost all oil and gas production, oil refining, and the largest enterprises in the electrical and semiconductor industries.

Despite the fact that the region belongs to the Fergana region, which has ancient traditions of efficient agriculture. Therefore, for the development of this area, the ongoing project for the reconstruction of the Bishkek-Osh highway is of paramount importance.

Talas region

There are 4 districts and 36 rural administrations in the region.

Talas region occupies 6% of the total territory of the republic and is the most sparsely populated (about 200 thousand people).

Far from the main economically developed regions and small, the region is traditionally agrarian.

Favorable natural conditions and high availability of land are the prerequisites for the fact that in terms of per capita agricultural production, the region is second only to the Chui region. Industry is represented mainly by small processing enterprises. The main markets for agricultural products are the border regions of Kazakhstan and the Chui region. In economic development, it is associated with the Jerooy gold mining project.

The Talas region as a whole is a prosperous region in terms of the state of the environment.

Land border crossing points of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan has borders with four countries - Kazakhstan, China, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. On the border with each country, Kyrgyzstan has checkpoints with a certain mode of operation.

Some checkpoints are remote from settlements (for example, near the Kyzyl-Art, Torugart, Irkeshtam mountain passes), and therefore it is recommended to book a transfer to / from the border in advance.

Kyrgyzstan - General Information

Double check that you have all the required documents. Check out the list of border crossing points in Kyrgyzstan, their names and approximate opening hours, but please note that opening hours may change from time to time.

Kyrgyzstan - Kazakhstan

*The checkpoint is open seasonally, from May to September/October.

Kyrgyzstan - China

*Checkpoints are closed on Saturday, Sunday and public holidays in China.

Checkpoints on the Chinese side operate according to Chinese time.

Kyrgyzstan - Tajikistan

*The checkpoint is closed for tourists.

Kyrgyzstan - Uzbekistan

Economic Geography of Egemend Kyrgyzstanstown

Barakelde — Geography of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan is destiny. Kyrgyzstan and Aimaginin Turttin is an inactive gunsmith. Beyiktigi 7439 was published in the list of countries and countries of Kyrgyzstan.

Kyrgyndyn Aimagi Ekito Sisteasynyn Ailanasynda Zhaygashkan. Ayanty boyncha chyo tandyk-chygysh blygg Tien-Shanga kiret. Tүstүk-batish taraba Pamir-Alay tooloruna karit. Kyrgyzstan and a Muslim checks Aralya too much kirkalar arkiluu өtөt.

Republican Bardyk is 401 meters away.

An abundance of 1000 to 3000 to 3000 tons of cheese is more than 4000 metric treasured heibins. In addition, Kirkalars aymaktyn tөrttөn bir bөlүgүn eeleyt Jean are casually thrifty punishing Beery-Birina zhanasha uzatasynan zhaygashkan.

Chygyshta Tien Shandyn negizgi Too much kyrkalary basymduu kyrkasyn tүzүp LLP, TOO Meridiandyk kyrkasynyn rayonunda zhakyndashyp ketet.

Bull-pole Kytay, Kazakhstan chekteshken zherlerde Zhenish Chokusu (7439) Jean-Teíniri kana (6995) kөtөrүlөt.

Bashka orographical-elemerter — matrix of Akshirak Kөkshal Too much kyrkasy Tesco Ala-Too kyrkasy, Kүngөy Ala Too many kirkas, kirkas Kyrgyzstan, Fergana kirkas.

The Kyrgyz license for a 1609-meter two-year-old meter is a boycott of the Beshinchinsky oren Zhan, a zhetinchi boy oranda-turgan Issyk-kol kilzh zhaygashkan.

Anin jakterinde kp sandagan es aluu chu jailar, boarding house, sanatorium, tourist bazaar bar.

Kүngөy Ala-Too kyrkasy Menen Teskei Ala-Too kyrkalarynyn ortosunda Issyk-kol zhaygashkan. Sok-Kul Zana Chatyr-Kul and Cho-kldraddin Katarna kiret.

Wikipedia in Kyrgyzstan: Kyrgyzstan on our wiki pages.

Issyk-Kөldөn 50 Çakır Chygysh tarapta Merzbacher tooluu, muzduu kөlү zhaygashkan. Kөldүn үstүndө dayyma muzdar kalkyp zhүrөt, Zhai mezgilinde suunun kөlөmү kөbөyүp, tags, Subatov elements of Burkan-Sharkan tүshүp Joc bolup ketkendigi Menen belgilүү.

Kyrgyzstan Batysh taraba Batysh Tien Shan Tool Tool is available. Aninsky element negizgi orographickalik - Talas өrөөnү, Talas Ala-Too Kyrkalary, Chatkal Too Kyrkalary.

Kyrgyzstantintisk-batysh of the aimagina tundra, Ferghana

Kyrgyzstandyn tүshtүgүnө Tүrkistan kyrkalarynyn tүndүk Tarab fashions, fashions kyrkasy Alai Alai Alai өrөөnү Hana fashions kyrkasynyn tүndүk Taraba (Egemendүүlүk Chokus) Kirety.

Geography Jaktan Kyrgyzstan ekbolүkkө bөlүnөt.

Tanduk Hana tšštuk. Tүndүk Menen tүshtүk Biyik tooluu Bishkek-Osh highway menen baylanyshtyrylyp Turati. Tүndүktөn tүshtүkkө Кетков Tөө Жол-Ашуу (deңiz deңgeelinen 3800 метр biyiktikte) ashuusu, Суусамыр өrөөnү, Ала-Бель ashuusu (3200 м), Чычкан Коруков аймака, Токтогул saktagychy Су, Бел-Кок (2700) Жан Ферганская өrөөnү arkyluu өtөt.

Bishkek Chaarindag district: Lenin, October, Birinchi May, Sverdlov.

Batken oblistindagi district: Batken, Kadamzhai, Leilek.

Oblak Karamagyndagy Shaarlar: Batken, Kyzyl-Kya, it seems.

Jalal-Abad region, Karashtuu district: Aksy Ala-Buka, Bazar-Korgon, Nooken, Suzak, Toguz Toro Toktogul, Chatkal. Oblus karamagyndagy shaarlar: Jalal-Abad, Kara-kol, Mayli-Su, Tash Kumr.

Issyk-Kul-regional district of Karashtu: Ak-Suu, Jeti-Өgүz, Ton, Tүp, Issyk-Kul.

Oblak Karamagyndagy Shaarlar: Karakol, Balykchy.

Naryn is irradiated by Karashtinsky region: Ak-Talaa, At-Bashi, Jumgal, Kochkor, Naryn. Naryn irisununun karamgindagi shaar: Naryn.

Osh region of Karashtinsky district: Alai, Aravan, Kara-Kulza, Kara-Suu, Nookat, Kizhun, Choi-Alai.

Welsh region Karashtun region: Bakai-Ata, Kara-Buura, Manas, Talas.

Whose radiations are the Karashtu region: Alamdun, Zhaiyl, Issyk-Ata, Kemin, Moscow, Panfilov, Sokuluk, ch.

Most visited content: Tokmok.

Kyrgyzstan 7 administrative-territorial unit bөlүnөt — Chүy, Talas, Issyk-Kol, Naryn Jalal-Abad, Osh and Batken.

Sayasy Partilar:"Ata-Jurt" partiyasy - leader Tashiev "Kyrgyzstandagy social Demokrattar partiyasy" - leader Almazbek Atambaev, "Ar-Namys" partiyasy - leader Felix Kulov, "Respublika" partiyasy - Leaders Өmүrbek Babanov, "Ata Meken" partiyasy - Leaders Өmүrbek Tekebaev, "Bүtүn Kyrgyzstan" partiyasy - leader Adakhan Madumarov, "Ak Shumkar" partiyasy - head of TEMIRA Sariev, "Meken yntymagy" partiyasy - leaders Temirbek Asanov, "Kyrgyzstandagy kommunistter partiyasy" - head of Bүmayram Mamaseitova.

Kyrgyz producers of organic products:

Arktiklylygi: autonomylyk aiyl-charbasy.

2000-jyldan bastap zherler zheke menchikke berlin. Altids exportto zhana symap.

Gidroenergetikalyk potential of the Naryn cascade - kubattuulugu Toktogul Gacy 1200 MW, 800 MW kubattuulugu, Kurpsay Geisite, Tashkömүr Gacy, Shamaldy-Geisi says Үch Korgon Geisi, kurulup zhatkan Kambarata OH - 1, OH Kambaratinsky - second

Urandine reserves zhan republican aymagynda bayuunun joldoru (Kara-Balta pre-ken mills - zheke menchik company) AESke koldonu үchүn.

Surmanin Cho is booked by Jane Seirek who is crawling on a metal bar.

tourism

Ters Jaktary: Mamlekettik cosmyl. ZSSR mezgilinin akirs zhyldarindag econominann tөmөn tүshүүүүү.

2009 zhyly zhalpy nominal fashion fashion goods 4580000000 CABG dollaryn tүzgөn. Satyp aluu mүmkүnchүlүgүnүn parity boyuncha eseptelingen moda dүң produktsiyasy 11.66 CABG dollaryn tүzөt. 48% zhumushchul aryl charba zhghumushtar jana small charbaby Menen alexenet.

Kyrgyz cheese gnaws 2008-zildyn ayaginda 3.467 billion AKSh dollars tuzgun.

Negizinen USSR kulagandan kiyin өnөr-Zhi ishkanalarynyn toktotulushunan Zhan kvalifikatsiyaluu Zhan Orus tildүү inzhenerlerdin Zhan zhumushchulardyn massalyk tүrdө ketүүsүnөn 1990-1996-zhyldary Kyrgyzstan ekonomikasy Ekamөgөn t.

Onor Zhai Kyrgyzstanstandyn testise dүң productionsynyn 15.9% gana ondүrөt.

Below is a list of Kehl Task Manager's most active users: Beery Bugatti Altyn is Zhai's account with 40% Eun.

2003 zhyly Kyrgyzstan Altyn 22.5 tons, KMS is a registered trademark of Orus Jean. This is a list of registered trademarks.

2000 year report on economic changes in Bastalgan.

Kyrgyzstan ar-kandai syepter menen mamlekettik ishkanalardin 70% s privattashtyrlgan. Choi Ishkanalardın bir bөlүgү Akaevdin үy-bүlosu arkyluu kөzөmөldөnүp turgan.

Bishkek is the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic

Bishkek is the largest city in Kyrgyzstan, as well as the modern cultural, political and economic center of the republic. This is a quiet place with wide streets and beautiful houses with a special, measured rhythm of life.

Arriving in Bishkek, the first thing that attracts attention is that the city is literally buried in greenery. A large number of parks makes the air unusually fresh and clean. Generally, there are more trees per capita than any other city in Central Asia.

Geographical position

The city is located in the heart of the Chui valley, at the foot of the snow-white mountain of the Kyrgyz Ala-Too, at an altitude of 750 m above sea level.

The territory of the territory is 160 square meters.

Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan) Kyrgyzstan

climate

The climate in Bishkek is strongly continental, and the average annual temperature is 10.2 C. The coldest month is January (-24.7 ° C), the warmest is July (34.5 ° C).

population

In 2012, the number of inhabitants of Bishkek was 1 million people in height 42 thousand 783 people, of which 579,000 were women, of which 344,000,528 (60 percent) were young - 23,000,220 of them in reproductive age.

The population in Bishkek is ethnically heterogeneous.

Kyrgyzstan up to 51%, Russian - 20%, the remaining 29% are ethnic groups such as Ukrainians, Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Germans, Tajiks, Koreans, etc. Bishkek is divided into four administrative divisions.

Most residents of the capital express Sunni Islam. Orthodoxy is widespread in the city, which is mainly owned by the Russian population.

story

Bishkek was founded in 1825 on the ruins of an ancient fort and fortress Pishpek-Kokand Pishpek, from the 7th to the 13th century communes trading the city along trail trails.

After the 13th century, settlements from the nomadic tribes of the Kyrgyz people appeared on the site of the fortress and settlements, which continued until 1825, when the ancient city of Pishpek revived. During this time, the military commandant of Kokand won the exploitation of civil clashes between the Kirghiz region, Pishpek.

The city became the place where collectors, merchants and artisans of Kokand settled. In 1862, during the clashes between Russia and Kokand, the city was conquered by Russian troops. After the defeat of the Kokand Khanate, the population of Pishpek and the Chui valley voluntarily became part of Russia.

Farmers from different regions of Russia began to move to the city and the valley. They shared their farming experience with the locals and built European-style houses.

The rapid development of the city began after 1917. In 1926, in honor of the revolutionary and statesman Pishpek, it was renamed Frunze.

In Soviet times, Frunze developed general trends for all the capitals of the Union. Architects and engineers from Moscow and Leningrad took part in urban planning. During this time, a large number of educational institutions, theaters, museums in the Frunze region, a philharmonic society, a central store and the central register of the city were built.

When Kyrgyzstan became a sovereign state in 1991, it was renamed Bishkek. Despite the fact that the decision to change the name of the capital was made relatively recently, no one knows a clear explanation for the name Bishkek.

Some sources claim that the city is known as a special wooden spoon for cooking the old way of kumis - the symbol of the ancient nomadic Kyrgyz, other sources say that the capital was named after one of the forty most courageous and brave warriors of Manas.

The article uses information from the website

Territory of the Kyrgyz Republic

The Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz Kyrgyz Respublikasy), the official name is the Kyrgyz Republic, abbr. - Kyrgyzstan, abbr. official - Kyrgyzstan is a state in the east of Central Asia, mainly within the western and central parts of the Tien Shan and the northern part of the Pamirs.

It borders in the north with Kazakhstan, in the west - with Uzbekistan, in the southwest - with Tajikistan, in the southeast and east - with China.

Kyrgyzstan has no access to the sea.

More than three quarters of the territory of Kyrgyzstan is occupied by mountains. Pobeda Peak, with a height of 7439 m, is the highest point in the country (the northernmost seven-thousander on earth from China, Pobeda Peak is called Mount Tomur).

The territory of Kyrgyzstan is located within two mountain systems. Its northeastern part, which is larger in area, lies within the Tien Shan, the southwestern - within the Pamir-Alay.

The state borders of Kyrgyzstan pass mainly along the crests of mountain ranges. Only in the north and south-west, in the densely populated Chui and Fergana valleys, along the foothills of the mountains and foothill plains.

The entire territory of the republic lies above 401 m above sea level; more than half of it is located at altitudes from 1000 to 3000 m and about a third - at altitudes from 3000 to 4000 m. Mountain ranges occupy about a quarter of the territory and extend in parallel chains mainly in the latitudinal direction.

In the east, the main ranges of the Tien Shan converge in the region of the Meridional Range, creating a powerful mountain junction. Here (on the border with China and Kazakhstan) the peaks of Pobeda (7439 m) and Khan-Tengri (6995 m) rise.

The most important orographic elements:

• massif Akshiyrak
• Kokshal-Too ridge (highest point - Dankov Peak, 5982 m)
• ridge Terskey Ala-Too
• ridge Kungei Ala-Too
• Kyrgyz Range
• Ferghana Range

In the northeast, at an altitude of 1609 m above sea level, there is the fifth lake in the world in terms of water volume and the sixth in depth, which is included in the group of the main attractions of Kyrgyzstan - the mountain lake Issyk-Kul, on the shore of which numerous boarding houses, sanatoriums and tourist bases are located.

The lake is located in the Issyk-Kul basin, between the ridges Terskey Ala-Too (from the south) and Kungei Ala-Too (from the north). Of the large lakes, there are also Son-Kol and Chatyr-Kul. 50 km east of Lake Issyk-Kul is the mountain glacial lake Merzbacher with icebergs floating on the surface, famous for the fact that in the summer, after gaining a certain level, the water quickly disappears with noise.

The western part of Kyrgyzstan is located within the Western Tien Shan. Its most important orographic elements:

• Talas valley
• ridge Talas Ala-Too
• Chatkal Range

In the southwest, the borders of Kyrgyzstan include the northern, eastern and southern outskirts of the Fergana basin with foothills.

In the south, Kyrgyzstan includes the northern slope of the Turkestan Range, the Alai Range, the Alai Valley and the northern slope of the Trans-Alay Range (Lenin Peak, 7134 m), which is the northern outskirts of the Pamirs.

Geographically, Kyrgyzstan is conditionally divided into two parts - south (southwest) and north. The northern and southern regions are connected by the Bishkek-Osh high-mountain highway.

On the way of the highway north - south, the Teo-Ashuu pass (3800 m above sea level), the Suusamyr valley, the Ala-Bel pass (3200 m), the Chychkan protected area, the Toktogul reservoir, the Kek-Bel pass (2700 m) and the exit to the Fergana valley are overcome

Water resources

There are more than 3,000 lakes within Kyrgyzstan, including the picturesque Issyk-Kul Lake, one of the deepest in the world (maximum depth 668 m).

Large rivers - Chu, Naryn and Talas - originate in the highlands. Chu flows in the north, along it for 145 km the border of Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan passes. The Naryn River, merging with the Karadarya River, forms the Syrdarya River, which flows eastward into the Ferghana Valley. Talas drains northeastern Kyrgyzstan.

Climate

Kyrgyzstan has a continental climate.

The western and northern slopes of the mountains receive more precipitation. The amount of precipitation increases with altitude up to 5000 m. At higher altitudes, precipitation falls in the form of snow, and frosts are possible even in summer.

The average annual amount of precipitation on the northern slopes is approx. 750 mm, on the southwestern slopes of the Ferghana Range - 950 mm, and on the northeastern - 230 mm.

Average January temperatures range from -2 to -8 C in the valleys and from -8 to -20 C in the mid-altitude mountains. In the highlands, the average January temperatures are approx. -28 C. In many regions of Kyrgyzstan, except for the highlands, there are often thaws in winter. Summers are hot and dry, with average July temperatures of 20–27 C in the valleys, 15–17 C in the middle mountains, and 5 C or lower in the highlands.

Flora and fauna

The flora of Kyrgyzstan is very diverse, with at least 1/4 of all endemic species.

The Tien Shan is characterized by the presence of a forest belt of Tien Shan spruce, which is replaced higher by juniper thickets and subalpine meadows. Nut-bearing forests (from walnuts) have been preserved in some places in the northern mountainous frame of the Ferghana Valley. In the highlands, subalpine and alpine meadows are common, which have been used for many years as summer pastures for sheep.

Republic of Kyrgyzstan

At the highest levels of the relief, a subnival belt with stone placers and snowfields is widely developed. Herbaceous plants there are extremely few, mosses and lichens are common.

In the foothills, ephemeral deserts, semi-deserts and dry steppes are common, higher up they are replaced by shrubs and light forests.

Teke mountain goat, argali mountain sheep, snow leopard, stone marten, red wolf, gray and red mountain marmots live in the highlands.

Roe deer, wolf, ermine, wild boar, lynx, brown bear, fox, and marten are common in the forest mountain belt. The steppe foothill regions and adjacent plains are characterized by numerous species of rodents, including the yellow ground squirrel, large jerboa, red-tailed gerbil, various reptiles, among ungulates - goitered gazelle, among birds - partridges, bustards, etc.

The article used information from the site

Kyrgyzstan is a small Central Asian state, about which we know very little. What is the population of Kyrgyzstan today? What ethnic groups live on its territory? These questions are discussed in our article.

The population of Kyrgyzstan and the dynamics of its growth

(or Kyrgyzstan) - a small state in the heart of Asia, sandwiched between China and Kazakhstan. Demographically, culturally and ethnically, this country is unusual and interesting.

How many people live in Kyrgyzstan today? And what is its ethnic structure? Let's try to answer these questions.

How many people live in Kyrgyzstan? The population counter of this country as of the beginning of 2015 reached 5.9 million people. An amazing feature of Kyrgyzstan is that here the majority of the population still lives in rural areas (more than 60%). Thus, the urbanization processes that dominate the entire modern world cannot in any way crush the small Central Asian country.

There are only 51 cities in Kyrgyzstan. But not one of them is a million-plus city. The largest of them are states), Osh, Jalal-Abad, Karakol and Tokmok.

It is worth noting that, according to demographers, half of the entire urban population of Kyrgyzstan lives in the capital of the country, Bishkek. According to various estimates, from 600 to 900 thousand people live in this city. Such a run-up in numbers is explained by incorrect accounting of citizens, which is typical for the modern Kyrgyz Republic.

The population of Kyrgyzstan has more than doubled over the past half century and continues to grow. Over the past year, the total increase in the population of the country amounted to about 250 thousand people. The main reason for this was the high birth rate.

The most populated in Kyrgyzstan are Osh and Jalal-Abad regions.

Ethnic composition of the population of the republic

The population of Kyrgyzstan has a rather complex ethnic structure. It should be noted that until 1985, the Kyrgyz were not the dominant ethnic group in this republic. The thing is that during the Soviet era, its borders included territories where other peoples historically lived (primarily Uzbeks and Russians). By the middle of the twentieth century, the Kyrgyz made up only 40% of the total population of the republic.

However, over time, the number of Kyrgyz began to increase rapidly. During the period from 1959 to 2009, their total number in the country increased by 2.5 times.

To date, the top ten peoples of Kyrgyzstan (in terms of numbers) are as follows:

1. Kyrgyz, 71%.
2. Uzbeks, 14%.
3. Russians, 7.8%.
4. Dungan, 1.1%.
5. Uighurs, 0.9%.
6. Tajiks, 0.8%.
7. Turks, 0.7%.
8. Kazakhs, 0.6%.
9. Tatars, 0.6%.
10. Ukrainians, 0.4%.

It is worth noting that the Kyrgyz in the ethnic structure prevail in all regions, as well as in the capital of the state, where their share is about 70 percent. Uzbeks in Kyrgyzstan live quite compactly, concentrating in two cities - Osh and Uzgen.

Interethnic conflicts

Inside the republic can be described as tense and unstable. They are distinguished by a rather large conflict potential, which from time to time manifests itself in street riots and clashes between different ethnic groups.

Thus, the largest ethnic conflicts arose in the country in 1990 (the so-called Osh massacre) and in 2010.

Interethnic conflicts in Kyrgyzstan, as a rule, are caused by several factors. Among them:

• shortage (thus, it was land that became the root cause of the 1990 Osh conflict, which claimed at least 1,200 lives);
• deep economic crisis and mass unemployment;
• insufficient presence in the state administration of the country.

Migration processes in Kyrgyzstan

The population of Kyrgyzstan is actively migrating from villages to cities, where there is at least some chance of finding work. Most often these are young people who could not get enough education. But getting settled in a big city is often very difficult for them. As a result, unemployment and crime are on the rise. Active migration of Kyrgyz from rural areas to cities (mainly to Bishkek) began in the early 1990s and continues to this day.

In addition, many residents of Kyrgyzstan travel abroad. The main goal of emigrants in this case is Moscow, as well as other large Russian cities.

It is worth mentioning one more consequence of the collapse of the USSR for this state. In the early 90s, non-indigenous citizens, in particular Russians and Ukrainians, began to leave Kyrgyzstan en masse.

Russian diaspora in Kyrgyzstan

The Kyrgyz Republic has a rather powerful Russian diaspora. Even despite the fact that, compared with 1989, the number of Russians in this country has decreased three times.

The Russian population in Kyrgyzstan is concentrated mainly in the Chui and Issyk-Kul regions, as well as in Bishkek. But in where the Uzbeks dominate, the Russians did not take root at all.

One way or another, there is no discrimination against Russians in Kyrgyzstan. The Russian language is freely used in schools and universities in Kyrgyzstan, and there is even a Russian Drama Theater in Bishkek.

Finally

The Kyrgyz Republic is a small state in Central Asia with 5.9 million people. The population of Kyrgyzstan is characterized by a rather complex ethnic structure. This, in turn, manifests itself in acute inter-ethnic conflicts that periodically flare up in this country.

Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after. I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after A.I. I.K. Akhunbaeva is the leading higher medical educational institution of the Kyrgyz Republic with a 70-year history. For this ... Wikipedia

Kyrgyz State Medical Academy named after. I.K. Akhunbaeva is the leading higher medical educational institution of the Kyrgyz Republic with a 70-year history. During this time, more than 30,000 doctors have been trained. The foundation of the higher medical school ... ... Wikipedia

Coordinates: 41°16′00″ s. sh. 74°59′00″ E  / 41.266667° N sh. 74.983333° E etc. ... Wikipedia

Кызылсу Киргизский автономный округ (также автономная область; кит.: 克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州, пиньинь: Kèzīlèsū Kē ěrkèzī Zìzhìzhōu, кирг.: كىزىلسۋ كىزگىز اۆتونومييالى وبلاستى / Кызылсу Кыргыз aвтономиялы oбласты, уйг. قىزىلسۇ قىرغىز ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى)… … Википедия

The Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyz Republic) is an independent state in Central Asia On August 31, 1991, during the collapse of the USSR, the independence of Kyrgyzstan was proclaimed. 03/20/1992, the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Russian ... ... Wikipedia

Rep ... Wikipedia

The Republic of Armenia has established diplomatic relations with 154 current UN member states. Currently, Armenia maintains diplomatic relations with 153 UN member states, as well as with UN observers: Holy ... Wikipedia

The Kyrgyz Republic is a state in the northeast of Central Asia, mainly within the western and central parts of the Tien Shan. It borders in the north with Kazakhstan, in the west - with Uzbekistan, in the southwest - with Tajikistan, in the southeast and east - with China.

The territory of Kyrgyzstan is located within two mountain systems. Its northeastern part, which is large in area, lies within the Tien Shan, the southwestern - within the Pamir-Alay.

State

State structure

Kyrgyzstan is a presidential republic. The head of state is the president, who is elected in a general election for a five-year term. The head of government is the prime minister. Legislative power is vested in the bicameral Supreme Soviet.

Language

State language: Kyrgyz, Russian

The language of interethnic communication is Russian. Uzbek, Kazakh and Tajik languages ​​are spoken in the western and northern regions of the country. English is widely used in the tourism industry.

Religion

Sunni Muslims make up 75% of the population, Orthodox - 20%, there are representatives of other faiths.

Currency

International name: KGS

Som is equal to 100 tyiyn. In circulation there are banknotes of 1000, 500, 200, 100, 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1 soybeans, as well as coins of 50, 10 and 1 tyiyn.
US dollars and euros are unofficially accepted for payment in hotels and when organizing trekking and high-mountain ascents. The markets accept Russian rubles and currencies of neighboring Central Asian republics.

Currency can be exchanged at bank offices, currency exchange offices (usually open around the clock) and in many shops. It is preferable to exchange currency in the capital - in the provinces the rate is somewhat lower. When exchanging US dollars, it is recommended to have new banknotes on hand - the old rate is noticeably lower everywhere, even in government institutions.

Credit cards are accepted for payment in most banks and in some large hotels in Bishkek. Travel checks can be cashed at the offices of large banks, licensed exchange offices and some large stores in the capital, but the fees are quite high (3-7%). In the province, it is almost impossible to use non-cash means of payment.

Popular Attractions

Tourism in Kyrgyzstan

Popular hotels

Cuisine of Kyrgyzstan

The Kyrgyz national cuisine is characterized by a variety of meat, dairy and flour dishes. Kyrgyz cuisine continues to preserve its national identity, the methods of preparing many dishes have not undergone significant changes, but new dishes have appeared in cooking that were not familiar in the past, food has become much more diverse. Potatoes, vegetables, fruits, honey, sugar, confectionery, poultry, and eggs entered everyday use.

Kyrgyz cuisine is characterized by a variety of meat, dairy and flour dishes. For the preparation of meat dishes, various types of meat are used: horse meat, lamb, beef, poultry, as well as the meat of wild animals: mountain goats, sheep, roe deer. The most common method of heat treatment of meat products is boiling.

A favorite dish of the Kyrgyz is beshbarmak - finely chopped boiled meat of a young lamb. It is poured with broth and mixed with rectangular noodles boiled in this broth. The kulchetay dish is prepared as follows. Lamb boiled in large pieces, which is cut into wide thin slices, is eaten together with pieces of thinly rolled boiled dough cut into squares.

Sausage made from horse meat with fat - chu-chuk is considered a delicacy. Along with traditional meat dishes, new ones, borrowed from neighboring peoples, also became widespread. Among them are meat soup (shorpoo, shurpa) with potatoes and onions, fried potatoes with meat (zharkop), steam dumplings (chuchbara), lagman, etc.

Meat dishes combined with dough are especially characteristic of the Kyrgyz cuisine - khoshan, gashnan (patties), samsa, pottery, etc.

For the preparation of various dishes, vegetables such as onions, tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage, and carrots are most often used. In southern Kyrgyzstan, pumpkin is especially popular. It is put in soup, dumplings, eaten with meat, and independent dishes are prepared from it.

In addition to ayran and koumiss, kurut is prepared from milk and dairy products - sour cheese (prepared for future use and consumed dry or mashed and diluted in warm water), cottage cheese, kaymak - boiled cream, pyshlak - unleavened cheese from boiled curdled milk, etc. .

A large place in the Kyrgyz national cuisine is occupied by flour products: biscuits such as brushwood (choimo tokoch), puff cakes (zhupka), which are put in hot milk and flavored with butter and cottage cheese, puff cakes in butter, sometimes with cream (kattama), fried in butter cakes, pancakes, etc. The favorite delicacy of the Kyrgyz is also prepared from flour - boorsok - chopped pieces of rolled dough overcooked in oil. It should be noted that flour products are consumed mainly with tea.

Tea is the most popular drink of the Kyrgyz, and green tea (kok tea) is preferred in summer. This drink is drunk in the morning, and after dinner, and in the evening. In the Issyk-Kul region, tea is sometimes drunk with fresh milk, slightly salted. A peculiar type of tea is atkanchay. It is cooked in a special way with milk, butter, sour cream and salt. Besides flatbread and boorsok, tea is served with butter, kaimak, dried fruits, honey, etc.

In the diet of the Kirghiz, an old tradition has been preserved: the most satisfying meat food should be consumed mainly in the evening.

The Kyrgyz national cuisine is characterized by a variety of meat, dairy and flour dishes. Kyrgyz cuisine continues to preserve its national identity, the methods of preparing many dishes have not undergone significant changes, but new dishes have appeared in cooking that were not familiar in the past, food has become much more diverse. Potatoes, vegetables, fruits, honey, sugar, confectionery, poultry, eggs...

Tips

Tips are, in cases where they are not included in the bill, about 5-10% (large restaurants include them in the bill automatically). But in general, here, in accordance with the Islamic canons of hospitality, tips are not accepted. In stores, prices are fixed and quite reasonable. It is possible and necessary to bargain in bazaars and markets, but it is quite difficult to bring down the price by more than 30%.

Visa

Office Hours

Banks are open from 9.00-9.30 to 17.00-17.30 from Monday to Friday, closed on Saturday and Sunday.

Purchases

Shops are usually open from 08.00 to 17.00, it is recommended to visit the markets in the morning, and the earlier the better. In most retail outlets in the country, prices are rigidly fixed, but it is customary to bargain in bazaars and private stores.

All goods and services are subject to 20% VAT (usually already included in the price). VAT refund is almost impossible.

The medicine

Prevention against typhoid, cholera, poliomyelitis, hepatitis B and E, and rabies is recommended. Occasionally, outbreaks of anthrax are recorded in the southern regions. An HIV test certificate is required for stays in the country for more than one month.

Emergency Phones

Police - 102.
Fire - 101.
Ambulance - 103.
Rescue Service - 443-839, 110 or 161.