Disabled children: benefits and other assistance to disabled children. Benefit for the care of a disabled child to a non-working parent. Maternal capital for social adaptation and integration into society

Russian Federation- the state with social responsibility. The government provides a number of benefits to needy categories of the population, which include children with disabilities.

Who receives the status of "child with a disability"?

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 95 of February 20, 2006 provides for the rules for recognizing a person as a disabled person (including a minor citizen). The conditions are:

• Congenital or acquired defects, diseases, injuries resulting in severe violations bodily functions.
• Complete or partial inability to serve yourself independently, move, learn, communicate, and other restrictions.
• Need for action social protection.

Important: in order to receive a disability, you must simultaneously meet all of the listed conditions. For example, a health disorder that does not interfere with the normal life of a person does not give him the right to assign the status of a disabled person.

It should be noted that since 2014, citizens have ceased to be assigned the category of “disabled since childhood”. Minors receive the status of "disabled child" instead, adult citizens - just the corresponding disability group. However, it is interesting that the concept itself was not abolished. That is, those citizens who received the status of "disabled since childhood" before it was canceled are entitled to all the required benefits.

What assistance from the state can a disabled child and his family count on?

• Retirement Benefits
• labor benefits
• Housing Benefits
• Transport benefits
• Education and training
• Medical, spa and prosthetic and orthopedic services
• tax incentives

Retirement

According to the law of the Russian Federation "On State Pensions", a disabled child receives a social pension and supplements to it.

Non-working able-bodied persons caring for such a child can count on a monthly compensation in the amount of 6,000 rubles (caring for a disabled child under 18 years of age or disabled since childhood of group I), if they are parents (adoptive parents) or guardians. Other persons will receive a payment in the amount of 1200 rubles (according to the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 26, 2013 No. 175)

Persons caring for a child with a disability are entitled to early retirement. The mother of such a child can retire at age 50, provided that her insurance record is at least 15 years.

The time of caring for a disabled child is included in the total insurance or work experience.

In 2019, it is planned to increase pensions for disabled children - up to 8600 rubles.

Disabled children, as well as those disabled since childhood, also receive monthly cash payments(EDV), the amount of which from February 2019 will be 2678.31 rubles(in January 2019 - 2590.24 rubles).

Labor

A woman who is raising a disabled child under 16 years of age has the right to work part-time or part-time, receiving income according to the hours worked. In addition, one of the parents of a minor child with a disability (or guardian, custodian) has the right to 4 additional days off per month. Such days off can be divided between parents at their discretion or used only by one of the family members. An employer whose employee is a parent (or guardian, custodian) of a disabled child does not have the right to send a woman raising a disabled child on business trips or engage in overtime work to refuse to hire a woman because she is raising is disabled, or reduce her wages dismiss a single mother of a disabled child, except for the liquidation of an enterprise

Housing

Families of disabled children are entitled to a discount of at least 50% when paying

• living quarters
• Utilities
• Fuel
• Phone subscription fee

Also, such families can count on priority housing. The law states that, first of all, housing should be provided to citizens who need to improve their living conditions, as well as to those who suffer from certain serious diseases, which, in particular, include:

• chronic diseases psychological nature accompanied by personality changes (schizophrenia, epilepsy)
• Organic lesions of the central nervous system, accompanied by persistent dysfunction of the limbs ( multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, etc.)
• Severe organic kidney damage
• HIV infections
• Tuberculosis in active form

And other serious illnesses.

If a child needs constant dispensary observation due to a severe mental illness, or is in wheelchair or a wheelchair due to a musculoskeletal disorder, his parents or guardians are also entitled to additional living space. The list of diseases that give disabled people suffering from them the right to additional square meters is recorded in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 21, 2004 No. 817.

Transport

Disabled children, their parents and guardians, accompanying persons, social workers caring for a disabled child - all these citizens are entitled to free travel in public urban and suburban transport (except taxis). To receive benefits, you need to have a pension certificate and a passport with you. Parents of a disabled child, trustees and guardians must obtain a single sample certificate from the social protection authorities.

In addition, such citizens are entitled to free travel by suburban, intercity and intra-regional bus to the place of treatment or examination.

Also, in the period from October 1 to May 15, the state provides for disabled children a 50% discount on travel in intercity air, rail, river or road transport (in both directions).

Education and training

Disabled children have the right to extraordinary enrollment in a preschool educational institution, and their parents are exempted from tuition fees (this also applies to children with mental and physical development). For children who cannot attend preschool for health reasons general type, special educational institutions should be created, where pupils are fully supported by the state. For referral to such institutions, the consent of parents or guardians must be obtained, as well as an appropriate medical certificate.

A disabled child can also be educated at home or in a private institution.

Medical service

The Government provided free receipt children with disabilities prescription drugs, prosthetic and orthopedic products, wheelchairs, free vouchers to a sanatorium for a child and an accompanying person.

tax incentives

According to Article 217 of Part II of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, parents of disabled children are entitled to receive a monthly tax deduction on the income of individuals in the amount of 3,000 rubles. The deduction is doubled for a citizen who is raising a disabled child alone. Other types available tax incentives, for example, a deduction for paying for the treatment of a child in the amount of 120,000 rubles (Article 219 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation), or the exemption of a disabled child from paying the property tax of an individual (in the event that property is registered for such a child).

Disabled children belong to a group of people that is commonly called vulnerable. This position is based on the fact that children with handicapped need to live in certain conditions, where it would be possible to fulfill their domestic needs with maximum convenience.

In our country, there is an opportunity to get housing for disabled children. However, for this you need to take certain steps.

The need for registration

In the Russian Federation, providing housing for children with disabilities is one of the areas public policy in the field of social protection of the population. Families raising children can count on improving their living conditions on the basis of medical reports.

You can be guided in the right to improve housing conditions and in the provision of living space for disabled children, you can article 17 of the Federal Law No. 181 of November 24, 1995. In this case, registration is required. Russian legislation provides that the acquisition of a priority right to housing for children with disabilities is available to those citizens who registered as such before January 1, 2005.

Important! People who applied for benefits before the specified period can count on receiving funds from the funds formed for this purpose, as well as housing.

Many are interested in the question of how to get an apartment for a disabled child after January 1, 2005. In this case, all actions will be regulated by the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.

In this case, the following indicators are very important:

• registration time;
• number in the queue;
• availability of rights to extraordinary receipt of residential premises.

The first turn may be in children if their disease is associated with severe chronic forms. These categories are spelled out in the LCD and, for example, they may include:

• abscess or necrosis of the lungs;
• malignant tumors;
• a number of mental illnesses;
• skin lesions in severe forms;
• and others.

Legislative regulation

Russian law invented special system, which allows families with disabled children to purchase housing. You can be guided by the right to improve housing conditions and in the provision of living space for disabled children, you can article 17 of the Federal Law No.

For those who were registered after 01/01/2005, housing squares are issued in accordance with Article No. 57 of the Housing Code.

Only those persons who are ill with a severe form of a chronic disease can get without a queue (Part 2 of Article No. 57 of the LCD).

Living space for a disabled child in the context of standards

At the federal level, there is no specific value for the minimum area of ​​​​housing that can be provided to a disabled person. This right is granted to local authorities. The number of square meters is affected various conditions. So, for example, in Moscow, 18 sq.m. minimum.

Important! In other regions of Russia, there may be other regulatory indicators, which can be found in local legislative acts.

Collection of documentation for benefits

Before you get housing for a disabled child, you need to collect a certain package of documents and submit it to local governments.

The list of documentation includes the following:

• passport of a citizen of our country;
• proof of income;
• an extract issued by the real estate cadastre, if there are already residential premises;
• a copy of the house book or an extract from it;
• issuance of a personal account;
• a copy of the existing cadastral plan;
• a document confirming the existing disability and related papers;
• a marriage or divorce document and a certificate of family composition.

It is worth noting that the entire paperwork procedure is very complicated and tedious. With some frequency, local governments try to complicate the submission of documentation in some way.

There are also cases when the confirmation of disability is completely refused. This state of affairs cannot be left to chance, but it is necessary to appeal the decisions of the bodies and authorities in court.

Attention! Submission of documents can be carried out by representatives of the beneficiary. This can be done by any officially authorized persons. To do this, you need a notarized power of attorney, where such a right will be clearly spelled out.

Who can apply for housing

Only the presence of a disability in a minor family member cannot become an unconditional basis for obtaining residential square meters. It is very important to be exactly the family that needs.

In this case, the bodies dealing with the issue of providing housing for the disabled rely on the Rules for the Provision of Housing for the Disabled and on Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 1996 No. 901.

Circumstances that lead to the right to preferential conditions include:

• the size of the existing apartment (room, house, etc.) does not meet the existing standards for each family member;
• requirements for sanitation and technical indicators of the apartment are not met;
• several families live on the territory of one building;
• the presence of such conditions when people with a disabled child live together with people who also suffer from severe chronic diseases;
• the absence of an isolated room for children, if cohabitation is carried out not with relatives;
• accommodation in a hostel with a number of exceptions (the temporality of such a factor);
• lack of own housing (sublease, use of state fund premises and other circumstances).

Even without taking into account all the bureaucratic procedures, the Russian Federation, through its government agencies must create

Raising a child with limited abilities becomes a difficult test for the whole family. Increasing costs for medical service and rehabilitation of the baby in society. To solve this problem, the Russian government provides benefits to disabled children and their parents in 2018. The volumes and types of social assistance are regulated by federal and regional legislative acts.

Who are children with disabilities

This category includes minors who have pronounced physical, sensory, mental or psychical deviations. They can be congenital or caused by some disease. Benefits for disabled children and their parents in 2018 can be used after the official recognition of disability by an authorized medical institution.

Conditions for recognition of disability in childhood

State regulations contain criteria for recognizing a baby as partially or completely incompetent. Parents or guardians must contact the nearest medical institution at the place of registration for passing medical and social expertise. Disability recognition is carried out if the baby’s health condition meets 2 out of 3 conditions. Criteria for recognition as a disabled person:

1. Dysfunction of certain organs or systems due to birth defects, serious illnesses or received injuries.
2. Life limitation. A minor partially or completely loses the possibility of self-service, has problems with behavior control, independent movement, communication, etc.
3. Strong need for social support and rehabilitation.

Documents for obtaining the status of a disabled child

Just go to the medical and social examination will not work. You need to get a referral from the organization that provides treatment and preventive care to the baby. It doesn't matter if it's public or private. At the place of residence, the referral can be issued by an employee of the social protection authority or a pension fund. The assignment of the status of a disabled person is carried out on the basis of the following documents:

• referral from the attending physician;
• certificates confirming the presence of health problems in a minor;
• birth certificate.

Medical and social expertise

The event can be held at home, if the minor cannot be brought to the bureau for health reasons, in the hospital where the baby is being treated, in absentia by decision of the bureau's specialists. The pension is assigned after passing the medical and social examination. During the procedure, a protocol is drawn up, which describes in detail the state of the citizen. The act contains the following information:

• conclusion about the types and severity of functional disorders;
• the reason for the disability;
• information about the documents that parents will receive after the completion of the examination;
• data on the documents that served as the basis for the decision;
• consultants' opinions.

The decision is made by the specialists of the bureau on the basis of the submitted documents and a visual assessment of the patient's condition. An extract from the medical history must be present along with the results of the examinations. Specialists can suspend the medical and social examination. This occurs if, in order to draw up a conclusion, it is necessary to carry out additional examination minor. With a positive decision, an extract from the act of social and medical examination.

Legal Framework

Benefits are provided in accordance with federal law(FZ) No. 181. It addresses key points social protection of people with disabilities, the procedure for conducting a medical and social examination, the features of the development of individual rehabilitation programs and the provision of outpatient care. The amount of payments is regulated by Federal Law No. 178, 213, 388.

What is due to a disabled child from the state

For disabled minors, the government pays the maximum social pension. After reaching the age of 18, a disability group is established, so the amount of payments changes. Regional authorities may provide children with disabilities with additional financial and social assistance. The following benefits are provided at the federal level:

Social pension

From 2018, the amount of monthly payments will increase to 12,557 rubles. When calculating a social pension, the territorial coefficient is taken into account. The maximum value of this parameter is 2, and the minimum value is 1.15. After filling out the declaration, the social pension is accrued either until the citizen reaches the age of majority, or until the disability expires, if the status was assigned for 2-3 years.

Monthly cash payment (MU)

The amount of this benefit is determined by whether the guardian decides to keep the social services package or refuses it. The minimum value of the EDV is 1,478.09 rubles, and the maximum is 2,527.06 rubles. While maintaining the right to free travel on railway transport, the benefit will be 2402 rubles. If the parents of a disabled person do not refuse medicines, the EDV will be 1719 rubles.

Medicines and medical supplies

Benefits are provided for the purchase of certain medications that may be required for prosthetics or planned treatment juvenile patients. By order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 117, in order of priority, guardians will be able to receive free strollers and some prosthetic and orthopedic products for their wards.

Vouchers for spa treatment

The list of benefits for disabled people and their parents in 2018 included discounts on the purchase of health tours. The standard duration of sanatorium-and-spa treatment for incompetent minors is 21 days. If a citizen has received a disability due to injuries of the spinal cord or brain, the duration of therapy is increased to 24-42 days.

Free public transport

Minors with disabilities can receive a 50% discount on the cost of travel on water, air, rail, and road intercity transport once a year. On city buses, minibuses, trolleybuses, a disabled person will be able to ride for free. Parents or official guardians of a minor accompanying him are vested with a similar right.

Benefits for admission to a university or college

If a child with a disability has passed the exam well, then he is enrolled out of competition in educational institution. He will have to go to study with other students, unless the rules of the institution provide otherwise. The preference is given once, so the future student is obliged to weigh all the pros and cons of the chosen organization, evaluate the academic load before submitting documents for admission there. Benefits available upon admission:

• admission to the faculty without entrance exams;
• when calculating the same number of points, applicants with disabilities are enrolled in the first wave;
• with a positive passing of exams, a person is accepted according to the existing quota.

Benefit for caring for a disabled child

Guardians of a disabled minor often cannot go to work: they need permanent care, which can be provided by a non-working parent or caregiver. There is often not enough money for professional medical staff, so one of the family members begins to care for the incapacitated. In order to support such people, the government decided to add a care allowance to the existing benefits. A citizen must apply to the pension fund (PFR) with the following documents:

• a certificate from a socio-medical examination, which is proof of disability;
• a written application for grants;
• a photocopy of the identity document of the applicant;
• a written statement of consent to care for the disabled;
• certificate from the Pension Fund confirming the absence of additional payments;
• certificate from the employment center confirming the status of unemployed.

The basic amount of the allowance is 5500 rubles. According to the schedule, it is paid once a month. If another person is caring for a minor, then the state transfers 1,200 rubles a month to him. With a partial or complete recovery of the baby or the parent's return to work, payments stop. In some regions, the allowance is compared with the living wage. For example, in Moscow, instead of 5,500 rubles, they pay 12,000 rubles.

Who is eligible to receive

Parents, legal guardians and adoptive parents of a disabled person can apply for financial assistance. The beneficiary must be fully able to work. If he receives a pension disability III category, he will not be paid care allowance. Benefits are not granted to grandparents who are the sole guardians of a minor, receive a pension and do not belong to the category of the able-bodied population.

Lump sum cash payment in 2018

The amount of this benefit changes every year in April. Payments are made by the FIU. Given that children are considered disabled, one of their parents or guardians can collect the payment. According to preliminary forecasts, the amount will be increased by 4%, but the exact percentage for each category of disability will be announced by the FIU immediately before indexation. When changing the status of a disabled person amount of EDV automatically recalculated.

Benefits for mothers of children with disabilities

An employer cannot fire a woman who is caring for a disabled person under the age of 18 on her own. Until the disabled person reaches the age of majority, the mother can apply for up to 4 paid days off each month, regardless of whether she was earlier in maternity leave or not. This ordinance is in effect in the city. Residents of settlements will be able to get only 1 unpaid day off. A woman has the right to receive alimony for a disabled person upon reaching the age of 18, to spend part of the money from the mother's capital for the treatment or adaptation of the baby.

Alimony for disabled adult children

When a marriage is dissolved, a permanent payment of funds is provided in favor of disabled children who, upon reaching the age of 18, are assigned category I disability. The amount of alimony is regulated by concluding a joint agreement of the parties or by decision of a judicial authority. Biological parents cannot refuse to provide financial assistance to a child. Monetary funds are paid in favor of one of the spouses caring for a disabled person of group I according to the following reasons:

• health problems that prevent a citizen from finding a job;
• lack of opportunities to receive money in other ways.

Maternal capital for social adaptation and integration in society

Benefits for disabled children and their parents in 2018 apply to existing programs to support the birth rate of the population. Since 2016, the law has entered into legal force and it has become possible to use the money that is part of maternity capital for the rehabilitation of minors with disabilities. The parent must first purchase goods or services, saving cash receipts, receipts or payment agreements, and then receive an act of checking the purchased products from the social security authority. The following documents are required to receive compensation:

• application on behalf of the certificate holder;
• SNILS;
• certificate holder's passport;
• cash/sales receipts and other payment documents confirming the purchase of goods/services;
• individual rehabilitation program (IPRA) for a minor with a disability;
• the act of checking the purchased goods or services;
• bank account details.

The documents listed above must be taken to the branch of the pension fund at the place of residence. After consideration of the application, the funds will be transferred to the account of the certificate holder within 2 months from the date of application. You can reduce the period for checking documents to 1 month if you apply on the official website of the Pension Fund through your personal account.

Benefits for parents of children with disabilities in 2018

Social assistance can be received not only by a small citizen with a disability, but also by his family. Benefits for incapacitated and their parents in 2018 are provided upon presentation of documents confirming the presence of health problems in the baby. They affect labor activity adults, contribute to solving the housing problem and reducing the cost of rent.

labor benefits

Persons raising a disabled minor are legally entitled to refuse night shifts, business trips and overtime work. You can dismiss a parent only if the institution is completely liquidated or if he expressed a desire to change the organization. The employee's working hours must be specified in the contract. The government has prepared the following employment benefits for families with disabilities:

• providing additional days off (4 days) per month,
• incomplete work week or part-time;
• the impossibility of dismissal of a working mother.

Early retirement

The rights of the parents of a disabled person are specified in the legislation of the Russian Federation. According to Article 1 of the Federal Law No. 440 “On Insurance Pensions”, persons who have been raising a citizen with disabilities since childhood can take advantage of preferential pension provision by receiving a bonus for length of service and other labor achievements. One of the parents or adoptive parents will be able to receive old-age payments earlier than the generally established age:

• father after reaching 55 years of age with an official work experience of at least 20 years;
• mother after reaching 50 years of age with an official work experience of at least 15 years.

There are only 2 decisive factors for early retirement. The first is to be recognized as disabled before the age of 18 or after the age of majority with the note “childhood disabled”. The duration of being on disability does not matter. The second is to raise a child until the age of 8. Those parents whose children were granted disability for 1-2 years, but then removed due to remission of the disease or improvement in the health of the baby, can apply for an early pension.

Income tax deduction

In 2018, citizens can also take advantage of benefits for disabled children and their parents after paying taxes. According to article No. 27 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, persons raising a disabled citizen can receive a tax deduction equal to 12,000 rubles. A similar tax exemption applies to parents whose children study up to 24 years of age at the full-time department of the university and have a disability of I or II group.

If guardians are involved in the upbringing of minors, then the amount of the NDFL deduction is reduced to 6,000 rubles. The benefit cannot be used if the income of the parent or adoptive parent is more than 350,000 rubles. The deduction can be received only by one citizen involved in the upbringing of a minor. Families with several disabled children receive money for each ward.

The right to better living conditions

Benefits for families with disabled children include receiving housing from the state. Preference is given to adults who are raising a child with severe chronic diseases and an officially established need to improve living conditions. The area norm is established by the legislation of the region where the family lives. Children with the following ailments can receive an additional 10 m2:

• multiple skin lesions with copious discharge of pus;
• leprosy;
• HIV infection;
• rehabilitation period after bone marrow transplantation or internal organs;
• diseases of the musculoskeletal system with persistent dysfunction of the lower extremities or complete absence legs requiring constant use of wheelchairs;
• mental illness(schizophrenia, epilepsy, bipolar personality disorder, etc.) requiring mandatory dispensary observation;
• severe renal damage;
• active forms tuberculosis of any organ;
• tracheostomy temporary or lifelong to eliminate obstruction respiratory tract;
• fecal, urinary and vaginal fistulas;
• lifelong use of a catheter to artificially remove urine from the body;
• cavities in bladder, non-surgical urinary incontinence, unnatural anus;
• neuromuscular malformations of the face and skull with impaired breathing, chewing, swallowing;
• lesions of the nervous system, provoked by injuries of the spine / brain, the formation of cavities in spinal cord, vascular sclerosis.

Priority right to land

The property issue is very acute for families raising a disabled minor. Even toddlers with verbal comprehension problems need special care. In order to improve the living conditions of such families, the government has developed a bill allowing them to receive land out of turn. Citizens can use them for house building or gardening.

Compensation for housing and communal services and overhaul

In 2018, disabled children and their parents will be able to take advantage of the benefits when paying utility bills. At the initiative of the government, 50% of the payment made will be returned to such families. With an increase in the rate for utilities, the amount paid from the budget is automatically indexed. The duration of the compensable period is 12 months, and then you need to submit documents again.

Social support measures for children with disabilities

Representatives of the administration of various Russian cities, together with the country's parliament, regularly allocate a certain amount of funds from the budget to provide material assistance to underage citizens who have received a disability. Measures social support may be federal or regional. The former operate throughout the country, while the latter are designed for a specific area. Federal measures of social assistance include:

• free access to kindergartens;
• free meals school;
• homeschooling if the minor is unable to attend school;
• priority for vacant places in kindergartens;
• individual mode of passing unified state exams.

Regional benefits for disabled children and their parents in 2018 in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Orenburg, Murmansk and other cities of the Russian Federation. Thanks to them, guardians will be able to receive free technical means rehabilitation, corrective glasses for vision problems, financial assistance for the purchase of children's orthopedic suits and partially reimburse the costs of purchasing low-protein foods for phenylketonuria.

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