Social assistance to disabled people of the 1st group. Disability groups: classification and brief description. Benefits for carers of people with disabilities

The appointment of the first group of disability occurs if a person is recognized as completely disabled and in need of outside care. Recognized disabled people with the first group can be people who have injuries or ill health, but the reason for this should not be illegal actions, alcohol, narcotic, toxic intoxication, or intentional harm to their health.

Disability group 1: a list of possible diseases

Experts on the issue under consideration advise focusing on Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 247. This document describes the conditions, as well as the procedure according to which a person can receive a disability of group 1 (as well as 2 or 3). In addition, it is worth studying the order of the Ministry of Health regarding the rules for the implementation of the ITU (dated 12/23/2009). From Federal Law No. 181, you can learn about specific categories that have the opportunity to receive a group.

If we consider the list of diseases, in the presence of which you should contact the ITU for the appointment of disability, you can designate various categories:

mental disorders (for example, we can talk about problems with intelligence, difficulties with cognitive functions, etc.);

failures in speech abilities, as well as in the functions of various body systems;

problems affecting the musculoskeletal system;

physical deformity.

When establishing the group under consideration, specialists rely on the criteria presented in the Order of the Ministry of Labor No. 664n. The presence of deviations from the norm, which is 90-100% (when compared with healthy people), is important. That is, an applicant for disability group 1 must have:

minimal or no ability to self-service, in which he needs third-party help;

Significant changes in life plan due to injury or illness;

urgent need for social protection.

You can get acquainted with the full list of diseases suitable for the purpose of group 1 in the Order indicated above, but for a general idea, we will list some conditions within this material. For example, give 1 group should be when:

progressive tuberculosis;

complex diseases from the circulatory system;

schizophrenia (meaning severe forms);

recurring seizures of epilepsy;

inoperable malignant tumor;

paralysis (partial or complete);

limb amputations, etc.

We emphasize that there is no specific list of diseases, because the assessment of health in each case takes into account its own nuances. For example, with diabetes, depending on the condition, the complexity of the disease can give not only 2 or 3 groups, but also 1.

Features of obtaining 1 group

First of all, you will need a referral to the ITU. It is taken from a therapist at the place of residence, or in the social security authorities or in the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. In the folder of submitted documents, include:

application (compiled by a potential disabled person or his representative, who acts by proxy)

passport with copies of completed pages;

medical certificates and conclusions indicating the disease, methods of exposure, etc.;

work book in the original and in the form of a copy, plus a salary certificate (if there was activity before that);

an act of injury received at work, if any.

Taking into account the information from the listed documents, as well as taking into account the results of the examination of the applicant for disability, the members of the commission make an appropriate decision. If the group is assigned, the disabled person receives a certificate with a seal, IPR. A document is sent to the Pension Fund for calculating a pension.

When is 1 group given indefinitely?

As a rule, the recertification process should be repeated every few years, but there are nuances in which periodic confirmation of disability by passing the ITU is not required. For example, you can become the owner of group 1 without specifying the deadline for the next passage of the commission if:

the retirement age has been reached;

up to retirement age, the disease was constantly confirmed for five years;

health problems have been recorded over the past 15 years;

have the status of a disabled veteran of the Great Patriotic War or the disease was received during this period;

the appointment of a recommittee coincides with the retirement age.

In addition, the presence of irreversible morphological changes and the impossibility of reducing the degree of disability play a role. With regard to specific health anomalies, there are:

benign tumor in the brain;

incurable malignant neoplasm of various localization and type;

pathologies of the central nervous system that provoked problems with motor skills, the functioning of the sense organs, as well as acute anomalies of the nervous system;

complete lack of vision or hearing;

damage in the cerebral cortex (mechanical) or in the skull (the same), etc.

Children are assigned a disability upon reaching one year and up to 18 years of age, then they will have to undergo a re-evaluation of their health status. Let us consider this category of disabled people in more detail.

Disabled children of the 1st group

If by the time of birth the child has a pathology, an injury that limits his life, it is appropriate to classify him as a “child with a disability”. Restrictions in general should affect the ability to move independently, serve themselves, learn, control behavior and attention.

To assign a group, they also apply to the ITU commission, where specialists, along with the appointment of disability in an individual rehabilitation program, prescribe recommendations regarding the content, education of the child, equipping him with technical means. That is, they try to take into account the main points that will allow him to adapt normally, and so on.

A child with a disability has the right to:

Monthly financial support from the state;

Free treatment in a sanatorium;

Quotas for diagnostic and health procedures;

Travel expenses to the place of rehabilitation.

Pension for the first group of disability

The owners of the first group of disability have the largest pension, sometimes the difference with the 3rd group can reach 2.5 times.

How much do people with disabilities of group 1 who receive a social pension get paid?

The social pension for the 1st disability group for 2019 will be 10567.73 rubles per month. Disabled people from childhood of the 1st group are charged 12681.09 ruble per month. Those who have no work experience or those who, for some reason, do not want to switch to an insurance pension, have the right to this type of pension.

How much are disabled people of group 1 who receive a labor or insurance pension paid?

At absence dependents - RUB 10668.38. per month;

In the presence of one dependent - RUB 12446.44.;

In the presence of two dependents - RUB 14224.50.;

In the presence of three dependents - 16002,56 rub.

What other payments besides the pension are due for the first group of disability?

The size of the EDV for disabled people of the 1st group in 2019

Every month, in addition to the pension, a citizen with disability group 1 is entitled to special payments called EDV. In terms of size, this is the largest payout among all groups and its size is 3782.94 rubles. If for any reason you do not receive this payment, go to the Pension Fund and write an application.

The amount of the cost of the social package (NSU) for disabled people of group 1 in 2019

A set of social services costs and consists of the same benefits for all disability groups - 1121.41 ruble. But this is provided that you receive all the benefits in their monetary equivalent.

How can a disabled person of the 1st group receive an additional 1,200 rubles a month to his pension?

Disabled persons of the first group can be issued for the care of an able-bodied and not working citizen anywhere. Go with him to the FIU and arrange care. That's it, now every month a plus for your pension will come care allowance. Moreover, a citizen is not at all obliged to look after you, the main thing is that he does not work officially and does not receive any benefits. You can even apply for a 16 year old.

What benefits can I expect with the first group of disability?

Since 2005, there has been a monetization of benefits, that is, now compensation for a particular benefit has acquired the form of cash payments added to the basic pension. To receive these payments, you need to collect a package of documents, and then contact the relevant civil services. Read more in our articles.

Social support for the disabled

Every citizen of the Russian Federation is guaranteed social services, which include medicines, vouchers to sanatoriums with travel. In return for such a social package, you can receive cash payments. And now let's look at the main areas of life and the benefits that a person with the first group of disabilities can count on.:

Benefits in education make it possible, on a non-competitive basis, to enroll in any SPO, VPO, including educational municipal institutions.

For people with disabilities, medicines should be provided free of charge if they are prescribed.

Transport services are not provided free of charge, but it is possible to reduce the cost when buying tickets.

Employment benefits include a reduction in the working day and a total weekly employment of no more than 35 hours, while there should not be a reduction in wages compared to other workers. Leave is due annually for 30 days if the working week was six days.

A disabled person at his own request can be involved in overtime work, work on weekends and night shifts, while individual consideration of medical prescriptions is important.

Housing benefits are a 50 percent discount on rent and utilities (meaning houses belonging to the municipal, public and state housing stock).

Disabled people are given the right to own a land plot as close as possible to their place of residence. They can live in a alienated house, apartment for life, and if a disputable situation arises, the state provides another living space.

Also, beneficiaries can count on care, food and other assistance necessary for themselves.

As for tax incentives, there is a certain division. In particular, there are simply insurance premiums (27% for legal entities and individual entrepreneurs) and premiums related to injuries, that is, the insurance premium from the salary of a disabled person will be 60% of the fixed insurance rate. In this case, payments for injuries should be stipulated in a clause of the contract.

Lying invalids of the 1st group

A person who is not even able to get out of bed needs care. In this case, 1200 rubles are added to the pension of a disabled person of group 1, as noted earlier. Plus, it is possible to resort to the help of a social worker who is obliged to bring medicines to the house every month, and for free. Perhaps this is the only privilege provided for bedridden disabled people.

When is a nurse assigned to a disabled person of the 1st group?

This type of assistance takes place only in the absence of care from loved ones. This opportunity is provided at the request of the disabled person and is free of charge. True, in most cases a person needs medical care (that is, the nurse must have the appropriate education), but in practice this requirement is rarely met. On the contrary, there is a shortage of social workers capable of providing proper care. For this reason, many relatives of bedridden patients prefer to take care of them on their own.

Can I work with 1 disability group?

Despite the absence of the concept of “non-working” in the legislation, the disability group in question is considered to be such. As a rule, this is only in theory. In fact, many owners of group 1 are engaged in labor activities. For example, with a partial functioning of the musculoskeletal system and normal mental abilities, a person has the opportunity to work at home or in a specially equipped room.

But with official employment, difficulties often arise, since employers do not consider a disabled person of group 1 as a permanent employee. For example, they are afraid of constant sick leave, do not want to equip the workplace, and so on. At the same time, there is no legislative ban in the country regarding the hiring of people with group 1 disability. In any case, when applying for a particular position, it does not hurt for a person with disabilities to provide data from the IPR, where it can be indicated that he has job opportunities.

YOU CAN BE USEFUL

Any Russian citizen whose state of health meets the requirements of the law has the right to apply for disability of group 1. Consider in detail what rights and benefits are guaranteed to disabled people of the 1st group in the Russian Federation and how these rights are exercised and protected. In order to acquire the status of a disabled person of group 1, a citizen will have to collect the necessary package of documents and overcome a number of legal procedures.

If we turn to the Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ, then it is stipulated that a person who has certain health disorders is recognized as a disabled person. Citizens of this category are characterized by persistent disorders of body functions, which, in most cases, are caused by injuries or diseases that have led to a limitation of life and require protection of a social nature.

The rights of disabled people of the 1st group

Persons with the most serious health disorders are assigned disability group 1. The state, assigning this status, first of all, takes care of providing a person with the necessary social assistance. A disabled person of group 1 has a basic and inalienable right to social protection, which includes some guarantees from the state. Social protection bodies are obliged to provide support to a disabled person by providing social, legal and economic measures.

Persons who have received the status of a disabled person in the manner prescribed by law will be provided with conditions that compensate for the limitations and allow them to overcome a number of life difficulties. At the level of state authorities, social support is provided for disabled people so that their life opportunities are almost the same as those of an average citizen of the Russian state.

If a citizen legally received the status of a disabled person, then he has the following rights:

1. To receive medical care.

2. Availability of information. This right is ensured through the publication of books written in special fonts for the visually impaired. In addition, special audio literature for visually impaired people is being created. Libraries of cities are equipped with information and reference and educational literature for the disabled. Authorized bodies assist persons with disabilities in obtaining services for typhlosand and sign language interpreting. If a disabled person has a hearing impairment, then the state provides him with special means for understanding sign language and specialized equipment.

3. The right to provide real estate for living. State authorities are working on the problem of improving the living conditions of the disabled. And if a citizen of this category has a need, then housing will be allocated to him. In addition, persons with disabilities are guaranteed appropriate benefits and may qualify for reduced housing costs.

4. Availability of visiting social infrastructure facilities. At the state level, disabled people are provided with guide dogs and special wheelchairs for comfortable movement. This allows people with disabilities to easily have access to recreational facilities, public and residential buildings, transport interchanges. The construction and planning of buildings is carried out taking into account the needs of people with disabilities. For the disabled, facilities are established with the help of which they can freely access these facilities. Parking lots of many organizations are also equipped with places for the disabled.

5. Employment in the labor sphere. At the legislative level, for citizens with a disability of group 1, a reduced working time is established. A disabled person must work no more than 35 hours a week.

6. Opportunity to get an education. A list of diseases has been established that enable disabled people to study at home. In addition, there are institutions that teach adapted general education programs.

7. Services at the social level, involving the provision of household and medical services. A disabled person has the opportunity to receive services of this nature, both at their place of residence and at the place of treatment. If we turn to Chapter 6 of the Federal Law "On the basics of social services for citizens in the Russian Federation" dated December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ, then the types of such services include:

• Stationary services necessary if the disabled person stays in a boarding house or boarding house;
• Semi-residential services if the disabled person stays in a department of a social service institution;
• Home service including:

Assistance in the acquisition of medical devices, medicines;

Catering for the disabled, food shopping;

Assistance in organizing funeral services;

Assistance in obtaining legal and medical assistance;

Assistance in the purchase of essential items.

8. Financial benefits. These are insurance payments, various benefits and pensions, payments due to compensation for harm, as well as other compensations.

9. The state has taken care to provide urgent social services to the disabled. It could be this kind of help:

• Provision of clothing items;
• One-time purchase of food;
• One-time provision of medical care;
• Obtaining temporary real estate;
• Consultations regarding social assistance and guarantees;
• Legal assistance;
• Providing basic necessities;
• Organization of urgent medical and psychological support.

10. In order to protect the interests and rights of disabled people, special public organizations are being created.

The size of the pension for disabled people of the 1st group

If we turn to paragraph 1 of part 2 of Art. 28.1 of the law dated November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ, it is written there that disabled people of group 1 receive a monthly payment, the amount of which is 2162 rubles. This payment is subject to indexation, so over the years its size increases. In 2017, 1 group is 3538.52 rubles.

In addition, a disabled person is entitled to receive a disability insurance pension, and a fixed payment is added to this amount. For disabled people of groups 1 and 2 in 2017, this amount is 4805.11 rubles. For disabled people of the 3rd group, this amount has been reduced by half and amounts to 2402.56 rubles.

If a disabled person of the 1st group has disabled family members, then he has the right to apply for an increased pension provision. In particular:

1. If a disabled person has one family member who cannot work, then the amount of the pension is 11,211.92 rubles.
2. If a disabled person has two disabled family members, then his pension is 12,813.62 rubles.
3. If three or more disabled relatives are in the care of a disabled person, then the amount of the pension is 14,415.32 rubles.

What benefits are eligible for people with disabilities of the 1st group

The state takes care of citizens with disabilities, therefore it protects their interests and provides a number of benefits. Among them:

1. Tax benefits: disabled people of the first group have the right to apply for some tax benefits, and in order to have complete information about them, you need to familiarize yourself with the tax legislation in detail.

2. Social benefits: they are regulated by the law "On State Social Assistance" dated July 17, 1999 No. 178-FZ. It outlines a list of benefits for citizens who are recognized as disabled of the first group at the legislative level. This category of persons has the right to apply for the following social benefits:

• The right to free travel on suburban railway transport;
• Receipt of medicines and other medical products and means;
• If a disabled person has medical indicators, then he is given a ticket for sanatorium treatment in order to prevent diseases. He also has the right to apply for a voucher to sanatoriums and resorts for the necessary treatment. Depending on the type of injury or illness, the maximum possible time of stay in the sanatorium-resort organization is established. As a general rule, a disabled person can be treated for up to 18 days. If a citizen with disabilities visits medical institutions due to the consequences of injuries or diseases of the brain and spinal cord, then the disabled person can be treated for a maximum of 42 days;
• If a disabled person goes to another city for treatment, then the state provides him with free travel on intercity transport;
• A free ticket to sanatorium and resort organizations, as well as travel on intercity and suburban transport is provided to persons who accompany a disabled person of the 1st group.

3. Land tax: in relation to the disabled, the land tax is not canceled, but if you turn to Part 5 of Art. 391 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, it states that citizens of this category have the right to claim a reduction in the cost of such a tax. So, according to the Tax Code of Russia, disabled people of the 1st group have the right to take advantage of a reduction in the tax base for land tax in an amount equal to 10,000 rubles.

4. Property tax: if we refer to Art. 4017 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, it says that objects of taxation are considered to be real estate objects. People who own such property pay tax payments on a regular basis. Disabled people of the 1st group are exempted from the obligation to pay property tax in relation to certain types of property at the legislative level.

5. Social card of a Muscovite: if a citizen, recognized as a disabled person of the 1st group, lives in Moscow, then he can become the owner of a social card of a Muscovite. If you wish, you can even transfer money to such a plastic card. The Muscovite card, in accordance with the law of the city of Moscow dated 03.11.2004 No. 70, allows disabled people to receive social assistance.

If a disabled person of the 1st group has a social card of a Muscovite and a legal disability status, then he has the right to receive discounts in stores, pharmacy chains, and hospitals. In addition, he can travel for free on rail and public transport.

What are the criteria for disability

If we turn to the order of the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation No. 1024 of December 17, 2015, then there is an exhaustive list of criteria that make it possible to attribute citizens to a certain disability group.

So, if a citizen has a health disorder that is associated with a significantly pronounced disorder of body functions, leading to a limitation of life, then he can legally receive the status of a disabled person. Citizens of this category need the state to protect them socially.

What types of disability exist

The law determines that among the main restrictions experienced by disabled people of the 1st group, it should be noted:

1. Severe impairment of the ability to move. Simply put, the citizen's ability to move without losing balance is impaired. Having such a disorder, a disabled person of the 1st group needs regular assistance, since he is completely deprived of the opportunity to move.
2. Severe impairment of self-care ability. This means that a disabled person cannot conduct household activities and fulfill physiological needs. A person cannot live without outside help.
3. Significant and pronounced impairment of the ability to control one's own behavior. A disabled person cannot exercise control over himself, and this condition is not corrected in any way. For this reason, a disabled person must be constantly supervised.
4. Pronounced impairment of the ability to navigate. The disabled person suffers from disorientation and therefore needs constant support from an assistant.
5. A pronounced impairment of the ability to enter into communicative relations, that is, a disabled person does not have the opportunity to communicate with people.
6. Pronounced impairment of the ability to acquire knowledge. The disabled person does not have the ability for any method and kind of learning.
7. Severe impairment of the ability to work. Work may be contraindicated for a disabled person or he may not be able to work.

How can a citizen get the status of a disabled person?

If we turn to Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 20, 2006 No. 95, then there are prescribed rules that describe the scheme for obtaining the status of a disabled person of the 1st group.

When a citizen is engaged in disability registration, the preparation begins with a visit to the attending physician. The doctor will inform about the conditions for obtaining the status of a disabled person, the procedure for obtaining it, and provide a list of documents required to start the process.

List of documents for obtaining disability status

There are a number of basic documents that must be collected for recognition of disability:

1. An identity document is a passport.
2. Application for medical and social examination. It can be filled out independently by a citizen applying for disability, or if it is impossible, by his representative by law.
3. Referral for examination - it is made by the attending physician of the patient. In this direction, the doctor describes the degree of dysfunction of the patient's body, information about his state of health, compensatory possibilities and rehabilitation measures that were carried out in relation to the future disabled person.
4. Information about the patient's income.
5. Outpatient card, which is located in a medical institution where the patient receives medical services and is monitored.
6. Work injury report, if any.
7. Occupational Disease Act.
8. or work.

What are the conditions for recognition of disability

Talking about what rights and benefits are guaranteed to disabled people of the 1st group in the Russian Federation, you should know that at the legislative level of the Russian Federation a list of conditions is indicated, without which, a citizen is not entitled to receive disability status. These conditions regulate certain requirements for the condition of the patient who claims to receive disability status. Among them it should be noted:

• A person in accordance with the list of disability criteria must have a disability.
• A citizen must have a persistent disorder of body functions and a violation of health.
• A candidate applying for the status of a disabled person must constantly need social assistance.

All of the above conditions must be met in order to receive covenant status. But if only one condition from the list is met, the citizen is not recognized as disabled. The status of a disabled person is recognized only for a person who meets all 3 points.

How does the medical examination commission work?

1. In order for a citizen to be recognized as disabled, he must undergo a medical and social examination, on the basis of which a decision will be made. After the citizen has collected the necessary package of documents, he should go to the bureau authorized to conduct an examination at the place of residence. If a citizen has problems with independent movement, the examination will be carried out at the applicant's home. If the future disabled person is undergoing inpatient treatment, then the examination will be carried out in this medical institution.
2. Expertise is carried out by medical specialists, as well as bureau employees specializing in social work and rehabilitation of citizens. In addition, the expert commission should include a psychologist.
3. The examination has a goal - to establish the structure of the degree of limitation of a person's life activity and the level of his rehabilitation potential.

The verification procedure consists of the following procedures:

• examination of a citizen;
• studying the living and social conditions of a citizen's residence;
• analysis of the package of title documents that was provided by the citizen;
• studying the employment opportunities of a future disabled person;
• analysis of the psychological state of a disabled person;
• studying the marital status of a person.

If we turn to the norms of the order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated December 29, 2015 No. 1171n, then it is indicated there that specialists from the bureau draw up a protocol during the examination. This order contains a standard form, which is the basis for drawing up the document.

In most cases, it contains information established as a result of an examination of a citizen. The following information will be indicated there:

1. Time and date of the examination.
2. Date of receipt of the citizen's application for participation in the ITU.
3. Marital status of the applicant.
4. Information about a citizen applying for the status of a disabled person of the 1st group.
5. Data on the order of the examination.
6. Cause of disability.
7. Clinical and functional data that were obtained during the medical examination.
8. Information about the measures taken for rehabilitation and habilitation.
9. The conclusion of the specialists of the bureau.
10. Information about the labor activity of a citizen and his education.

Each medical specialist who took part in the examination will put his signature under the prepared protocol. Also, the protocol is signed by the head of the expert organization and sealed with the seal of the institution.

What is an act of medical and social expertise

The specialists who were involved in the examination draw up a special act of medical and social examination, in which they indicate their decision to recognize the applicant as disabled. The form of the act, drawn up on the basis of the results of the medical and social examination, is regulated by the Order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated April 13, 2015 No. 228n.

What information is contained in the act:

1. Information about the person who is eligible for disability group 1.
2. Degree of incapacity for a person.
3. The reasons why a citizen has lost the ability to work.
4. The decision that experts made on the basis of the examination of a citizen. It consists of: an assigned disability group or a record of refusal to award it; characteristics of the degree and type of health disorder of the person and limitations of his life.
5. The date on which the recertification is scheduled.

This act must necessarily be certified by the signatures of specialists, as well as the head of the medical institution. The act of the examination is kept for at least 10 years.

Experts in the course of the survey are discussing its results. The decision of the commission, which is engaged in the examination of a citizen, is taken by a majority of votes. All doctors who conducted the medical and social examination take part in the voting.

The decision to be made by the commission conducting the examination will be announced to the citizen or his legal representative in the presence of the doctors who conducted the examination. If necessary, doctors will explain the content of their decision.

The results of the award of disability of the 1st group

If the applicant was assigned the status of a disabled person of the 1st group, then it is valid only for two years, until a new re-examination is carried out. The citizen will be issued a disability document and an individual rehabilitation program. Employees of the medical organization involved in the medical examination will send an extract on the decision of the commission to the pension authorities, which accrue pensions to the disabled person.

From the moment the decision is made to recognize the applicant as disabled, the extract must be sent within three days, and this can be done both electronically and in paper form.

What to do if your disability is denied

If the applicant was denied recognition of him as a disabled person of the 1st group, then he has the legal right to appeal against the decision of the commission. To do this, you will need to write a complaint and apply with it to the main office - 1 month is allocated for this procedure.

When the main bureau accepts the complaint from the applicant, it is obliged to appoint a new examination, the results of which will become the final decision on the complaint of the person who did not agree with the initial decision. From the moment the application is submitted by the citizen, the main bureau is obliged to conduct an examination no later than 30 days.

If this decision does not suit the applicant, then the decision of the main bureau can be appealed to the Federal Bureau within 1 month. This body, in addition, will set a new date when the examination of the citizen will be carried out, but no later than 30 days from the moment the application was accepted.

You should be aware that the decision of each of these bureaus can be appealed by the applicant or his legal representative to the judicial authorities.

So, persons with serious health problems, whose condition satisfies the criteria described in the regulations, have the legal right to apply for an examination to establish disability. After the examination, based on its results, the doctors, after voting, will decide on the recognition of the applicant as a disabled person of the 1st group.

Seeing a person in a wheelchair on the street or a sad-eyed mother trying to entertain her different child, we try to look away and completely ignore the problem. And is it right? How many people think that life is unpredictable, and at any moment trouble can overtake one of us or our loved ones? The answer will probably be negative. But the reality is cruel, and healthy people today may be disabled tomorrow. Therefore, maybe it would be worth looking for answers to the questions about who people with disabilities are, how many groups of disabilities exist, who establishes them?

Patients need constant supervision and assistance from third parties. They need love, affection and care more than others. It is important to note that many of them do not tolerate any kind of self-pity and demand to be treated as equals.

Today, an increasing number of such people are trying to lead a full life, work, attend entertainment events, relax in resorts, etc. When communicating with them, one should observe a sense of tact and not focus on their health problems.

Basic concepts and their definitions

The term "disability" has Latin roots and comes from the word invalidus, which means "weak", "weak". This concept is used when it is necessary to characterize the physical or mental state of a person who, due to certain circumstances, is permanently or for a long time limited or completely unable to work. This, in turn, implies a limitation due to the presence of some defect (congenital or acquired). A defect, in turn, or as it is also called a violation, is a loss or deviation from the norm of any function of the body.

As for the term "disabled", in the literal sense, it means "unfit". This is the name of a person suffering from a disorder of health, a moderate or significant disorder of various functions or systems of the body, which is the result of diseases or a consequence of injuries. As a result, we can talk about the limitation of life, which consists in the complete or partial loss of the ability to take care of oneself, move around without outside help, enter into a dialogue with others, clearly express one's thoughts, navigate in space, control actions, be responsible for actions, receive education, work.

The criteria for disability groups are used by specialists conducting a medical and social examination in order to determine the conditions under which the degree of limitation of an individual's abilities is established.

In the presented sequence of ideas, the meaning of the phrase "rehabilitation of the disabled" should also be clarified. It is a system and at the same time a step-by-step process of restoring certain abilities of a person, without which his everyday, social and, accordingly, professional activities are impossible.

Disability groups: classification and brief description

Disability is a problem that directly or indirectly affects almost every person on Earth. That is why it is no secret to anyone that there are three different groups of disability, the classification of which depends on the extent to which certain functions or systems of the body are impaired, and how limited the vital activity of the individual is.

A citizen can be recognized as a disabled person only upon the conclusion of a medical and social examination. Only members of the commission have the right to decide on satisfaction or, conversely, on the refusal of a person to assign him a disability group. The classification, which is used by the specialists of the expert group, determines exactly which and to what extent the functions of the body have been affected due to a particular disease, injury, etc. Restrictions (violations) of functions are usually subdivided as follows:

• disorders that affect the statodynamic (motor) functions of the body;
• disorders affecting the circulatory system, metabolism, internal secretion, digestion, respiration;
• sensory dysfunctions;
• psychical deviations.

The right to refer citizens to the hospital belongs to the medical institution in which they are observed, the body responsible for pension provision (Pension Fund), and the body providing social protection of the population. In turn, citizens who have received a referral for examination should prepare the following documents:

1. A referral issued by one of the above authorized bodies. It contains all the necessary information regarding the state of human health and the degree of disruption of the body.
2. An application signed directly by the person who is to undergo the examination, or his legal representative.
3. Documents that confirm the violation of the patient's health. These may be the results of instrumental studies, etc.

Distinguish The classification of the main violations of the functions of the human body, as well as the degree of their severity, serve as criteria for determining which of these groups to assign to the applicant. After analyzing and discussing the documents submitted by the citizen, specialists decide whether to recognize him as disabled or not. In the presence of all members of the commission, the decision made is announced to the person who has passed the medical and social examination, and, if the situation so requires, all the necessary explanations are given.

It should also be noted that if a person is assigned the first group of disability, then re-examination is carried out once every 2 years. Re-examination of persons with the second and third groups is organized annually.

An exception is an indefinite disability group. People who have received it can be re-examined at any time of their own free will. To do this, they only need to draw up an appropriate application and send it to the competent authorities.

List of reasons

Very often you can hear talk about the fact that someone was assigned a disability group due to a general disease. With this, everything is more or less clear. However, it would not hurt to know that there are a number of other reasons for obtaining this status, which include the following:

• injuries received by a person in the workplace, as well as some;
• disability since childhood: birth defects;
• disability resulting from injury during the Patriotic War;
• diseases and injuries received during military service;
• disability, the cause of which is recognized as a catastrophe at the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl;
• other reasons established by the law of the Russian Federation.

Disability of the first group

As for the state of human health from a physical point of view, the most difficult is the first group of disability. It is assigned to those persons who have significant disturbances in the work of any one or more body systems. We are talking about the highest severity of the disease, pathology or defect, because of which a person is simply not able to serve himself on his own. Even to perform the most elementary actions, he without fail needs outside help.

Disability of the 1st group is established:

• Persons who are completely disabled (permanently or temporarily) and need continuous supervision (care, assistance) from third parties.
• Persons who, although suffering from pronounced functional disorders of body functions, can still carry out certain types of labor activity. However, it should be noted that they can work only if individual conditions are created specifically for them: special workshops, work that they are able to perform without leaving their own home, etc.

In addition, it should be noted that there are certain criteria for determining the disability group. To establish the first group, the following ones are used:

• inability to take care of themselves;
• inability to move independently;
• loss of skill (disorientation);
• inability to communicate with people;
• the inability to control their behavior and be responsible for their actions.

At what diseases the disability of the first group is established?

To understand why some succeed in obtaining the status of a person with a disability, while others are denied it, it is not enough to list only the above-mentioned criteria for establishing a disability group. Members of the medical and social commission take into account a number of other factors and circumstances. For example, one cannot ignore the list of diseases in which a person is assigned a disability of group 1. These include:

• severe progressive form of tuberculosis, which is in the stage of decompensation;
• incurable malignant tumor;
• serious diseases that affect the cardiovascular system, accompanied by circulatory failure of the third degree;
• paralysis of the limbs;
• hemiplegia or severe aphasia of the brain;
• schizophrenia with severe and prolonged paranoid and catatonic syndrome;
• epilepsy, in which there are very frequent seizures and constant twilight consciousness;
• dementia and at the same time the loss of a critical perception of one's disease;
• stumps of the upper extremities (for example, the complete absence of fingers and other more serious amputations);
• thigh stumps;
• complete blindness, etc.

All citizens who submit medical documents confirming that they have one of these diseases to members of the commission will be assigned a disability of group 1. Otherwise, it will be denied.

What can be said about the second group of disability?

The second group of disability is given to people in whose body serious functional disorders are observed, which are the result of an illness, injury or congenital defect. As a result, human life activity is significantly limited, but the ability to take care of oneself independently and not resort to the help of outsiders remains.

The second group of disability is established if the following indications exist:

• the ability to serve oneself independently, using various aids or minor assistance from third parties;
• the ability to move with the use of assistive devices or with the help of third parties;
• the impossibility to carry out labor activity or the ability to work only if special conditions are created for this, the necessary funds are provided, a special place is equipped;
• inability to receive education in ordinary educational institutions, but susceptibility to the development of information through special programs and specialized centers;
• the presence of orientation skills both in space and in time;
• but subject to the use of special means;
• the ability to control one's behavior, but under the supervision of third parties.

For what diseases is disability of the second group established?

Disability of the second group is established if a person suffers from one of the following pathologies:

• the valvular apparatus of the heart or myocardium is affected and II-III degree of circulatory disorders;
• II degree of hypertension, which progresses rapidly and is accompanied by frequent angiospastic crises;
• fibrous-cavernous progressive tuberculosis;
• and cardiopulmonary failure;
• atherosclerosis of the brain of a severe form with a pronounced decrease in the level of intelligence;
• injuries and other infectious and non-infectious diseases of the brain, due to the development of which the visual, vestibular and motor functions of the body are disturbed;
• diseases and injuries of the spinal cord, as a result of which the limbs are immobilized;
• re-infarction and coronary insufficiency;
• after a surgical intervention necessary to remove malignant tumors in the stomach, lungs and other organs;
• severe gastric ulcer with loss of appetite;
• epilepsy, accompanied by frequent seizures;
• hip disarticulation;
• hip stump with significant gait disturbance, etc.

Brief description of the third group of disability

The third group of disability is established with a significant decrease in a person's ability to work as a result of disturbances in the functioning of the systems and functions of the body, which is caused by chronic diseases, as well as various anatomical defects. This group is given:

Disability groups depending on the degree of ability to work

There are various health conditions of a person, on the basis of which disability groups are established. The classification of these criteria and their essence are spelled out in legislative acts. Recall that at present there are three groups, each of which has its own specific features.

Determining the disability group that needs to be established for the patient is the direct responsibility of the members of the medical and social expertise. However, it should be noted that the ITU also determines the degree of ability to work of a person with disabilities.

The first degree assumes that the individual is able to perform labor activity, but on the condition that qualifications will be reduced, and the work will not require a significant expenditure of effort. The second provides that a person can work, but for this he needs to create special conditions and provide auxiliary technical means. For persons who have been assigned one of these degrees, a working disability group is established.

Unlike the first two, the third degree of working capacity implies the inability to carry out labor activity. People who have been awarded this degree by the ITU are assigned a non-working disability group.

Category "disabled children"

The category of children with disabilities includes children and adolescents under the age of eighteen and having significant limitations in life, which result in developmental disorders, inability to communicate, learn, control their behavior, move independently and carry out work in the future. In the conclusion of the ITU for a disabled child, as a rule, a number of recommendations are prescribed:

• permanent or temporary placement in institutions specially created for such children;
• individual training;
• providing the child (if necessary) with special equipment and aids to ensure normal life;
• provision of sanatorium-and-spa treatment (the profile of the sanatorium and the duration of stay in it are indicated);
• describes a set of necessary rehabilitation measures, etc.

Is a disabled person of the 1st group entitled to housing? Unfortunately, in the Russian Federation, disabled people still represent a rather socially unprotected category of people: someone lives in cramped conditions or in housing that is not adapted for people with some physical limitations. And although the procedure for obtaining or improving housing for people with disabilities of group 1 is provided for by the current legislation of Russia, there are some nuances here that need to be taken into account by all citizens in need and standing in line to purchase housing.

Housing for disabled people of the 1st group

According to Art. 17 of the Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-FZ On the social protection of persons with disabilities in the Russian Federation ( Further- Law No. 181-FZ), disabled people and families with disabled children in need of better housing are registered and provided with housing in the manner prescribed by the laws of the Russian Federation. For the acquisition of the right to receive housing, the reason or grounds for the onset of disability has no legal significance - Law No. 181-FZ equally applies to visually impaired people or citizens whose disability is caused by a serious chronic disease.

It should be noted that the legislation does not require conditions under which apartments are provided only to the disabled of a certain group. A significant criterion is the moment of registration as those in need of housing improvement, respectively, before 1.01. 2005 and after January 1, 2005.

Those citizens who were able to register before 01.01.2005 are entitled to appropriate payments in order to buy housing from subventions that are transferred to the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation. Although at present a similar procedure applies to disabled veterans of the Second World War and veterans. However, according to Art. 31 of Law No. 181-FZ and the provisions of Art. 6 of the Federal Law of December 29, 2004 No. 189-FZ On the Enactment of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, disabled people who were able to register before January 1, 2005 retain the right to purchase housing under social lease agreements.

But apartments for disabled people of the 1st group, who registered after 01/01/2005, are provided in accordance with Art. 57 of the LC RF according to the order based on the time of their registration. However, according to Part 2 of Art. 57 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, persons who suffer from severe chronic diseases can purchase housing out of turn.

The provision of living quarters is carried out by authorized state and municipal bodies at the place of residence and registration of a disabled person of the 1st group. Therefore, in order to obtain housing, you need to contact the local authority in which the disabled person was put on the waiting list for an apartment.

Fit Factor

In accordance with the norms of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 901 of July 27, 1996, the grounds for recognizing disabled people and families that have disabled children in need of improved housing conditions were approved:

• the provision of housing for each family member is below the level established by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;
• living in a house or apartment that does not meet the established technical and sanitary conditions;
• living in premises occupied by several families in which there are patients suffering from severe forms of certain chronic ailments. Joint stay with them in the same apartment is impossible;
• living in adjacent non-isolated premises for 2 or more families in the absence of family ties;
• also living in a hostel, with the exception of seasonal and temporary employees, as well as citizens who work under a fixed-term employment agreement, and people who settled in connection with training;
• residence for a long period on a sub-rental basis in the buildings of the municipal, state, public housing stock, or hiring in the buildings of housing construction cooperatives, or in residential premises that belong to citizens on the right of ownership who do not have other housing.

Required Documentation

Registration of persons with disabilities as those in need of housing is carried out by local authorities on the basis of applications from these citizens. The provision of social housing to disabled people of the 1st group is possible if a package of documents is submitted either to the indicated authority at the place of residence, or through a special multifunctional center.

Required documents:

• extract from the house book;
• a copy of the certificate confirming the fact of confirmation of disability and a copy of the individual rehabilitation program;
• a copy of the financial personal account;
• other documents, taking into account certain circumstances, for example, certificates from the technical inventory bureau or healthcare institutions.

The establishment of the fact of disability, as well as the causes of disability, the need of a disabled person for various types of social protection, is carried out in accordance with the results of a special medical and social examination, which is carried out by federal institutions.

The current legislation has not determined whether a disabled citizen can submit the relevant documentation in person or through legal representatives. Along with the fact that a disabled person who claims to receive a dwelling has the right to delegate his own rights to a legal representative, while drawing up a notarized corresponding power of attorney.

Normative footage

The standard area of ​​living quarters provided under a social lease agreement is established by local authorities.

For example, in Moscow, the norm is provided for by Art. 20 of the Law of Moscow No. 29 and equals 18 sq. m per person. Moreover, the area of ​​​​an apartment may exceed the established norm, which is set for one citizen, but not more than 2 times, if this room is one room or a one-room apartment.

Such a norm is also contained in Article 17 of Law No. 181-FZ, which specifies that the area of ​​housing for disabled people of the 1st group increases if the disabled person suffers from a severe form of a chronic illness, the list of which is approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 21, 2004 No. 817 On approval of the list of diseases, giving disabled people who suffer from them the right to additional living space.

Thus, when providing housing to disabled people and families with disabled children, the recommendations of the individual rehabilitation program for a disabled person, his state of health, other circumstances, such as, for example, approaching a medical institution, as well as the place of residence of relatives and relatives, are taken into account.

Separate nuances of providing housing for disabled people of the 1st group

The norms of Law No. 181-FZ provide for additional measures of social support for persons who have one of the disability groups. After receiving a dwelling, a disabled person of the 1st group has the right to count on compensation of 50% of the amount of utilities and fees for the maintenance of residential premises.

When calculating this benefit, it is necessary to confirm the actual residence of a disabled person of group 1 in a residential building. The provision of compensation is carried out only if there is a certificate of disability issued by the MSEC authorities.

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