Female gynecological set. Gynecological set. Variations and sizes

One of the main "female" specialists, if not the main one, is a gynecologist. Frequency of visiting female doctor"depends on many factors, among them: pregnancy, ailments, and the age of the patient.

Depending on the reasons, you should visit a gynecologist:

• If nothing worries, then at the age of 15-16, the first visit of a specialist during a planned medical examination at school;
• With the onset of sexual activity, visits to the gynecologist should become regular - at least once a year;
• It is recommended to visit a specialist when planning to conceive a child. After the onset of pregnancy, a woman should definitely be registered with a gynecologist and be observed until childbirth. And also visit a specialist 1.5-2 months after childbirth;
• Depending on age, women visit a gynecologist 1 to 2 times a year. Up to 30 years - once, and after 30 years - twice a year.

Many women, as well as young girls who are planning a visit to the gynecologist, are concerned about the question of what to bring with them to the appointment.

To date, a visit to a gynecologist includes an examination of the external genitalia, manual examination, examination using gynecological mirrors, as well as taking biological material for cytological research. Before visiting a specialist, you can pre-purchase an individual gynecological kit at a pharmacy, which will include a list of disposable sterile instruments necessary for examination.

In pharmacies, as a rule, gynecological kits are sold by numbers. Set number 1 is the basic set on the basis of which all the others are composed. Sets differ from each other in the number of items included in it. All items in the gynecological kit are sterile, in order to avoid infection of the patient during the examination.

№1 - basic set, which includes a pair of sterile gloves, as well as a diaper.

№2 - kit "with cytology", which should be purchased by a pregnant woman for registration. It includes - gloves, a diaper, shoe covers, a gynecological mirror, a cytological brush and a glass slide. A cytological brush is used to collect diagnostic material. It looks like a rod with elastic bristles at the end, arranged in a spiral.

No. 3 - similar to set No. 2, but this does not include a slide (some experts prefer to use their own slides).

#5 contains the same list as #4, only supplemented with Eyre's cervical spatula, which is used to collect material from the surfaces of the cervix, vaginal mucosa and cervical canal. The working surface of the Eyre spatula has a microporous surface for better retention of the diagnostic material.

№6 - complete set: diaper, examination gloves, gynecological mirror, shoe covers, cervical spatula Eira, cytological brush, glass slide, applicator and cervical Volkmann spoon. The Volkmann spoon is often used in gynecology to collect biological material from the vaginal mucosa, cervical canal and urethra.

Using individual gynecological kits, a woman can be completely sure of the sterility of all his instruments, as well as that she is reliably protected from infections and germs during the examination.

Without a gynecological set, it is difficult to imagine a full-fledged one at a gynecologist's appointment.

Basic gynecological set

Let's analyze what is included in the gynecological kit, and what are the variations of the kits. Disposable gynecological kits are available in several configurations. Their content is similar, however, some have additional components for taking diagnostic smears.

The basic sterile disposable gynecological kit includes the following components:

• sterile latex gloves;
• lining diaper;
• Cusco mirror, which is used to examine the mucous membrane of the walls of the vagina and cervix.

Unlike the standard metal mirror used for inspection in antenatal clinic, the mirror from the set is made of transparent plastic. It is intended for single use and cannot be sterilized.

Variations of disposable gynecological kits

All gynecological examination kits include the components listed above. The difference from the basic set is only in the presence of additional disposable tools.

Consider the main options for disposable gynecological examination kits and their configuration. In addition to the basic components, these sets include the following additions:

1. Gynecological set with Ayer spatula. Such a plastic spatula is characterized by the presence of a surface with micropores, which is necessary for better fixing the test material on the instrument. It is used to take material from the surface of the mucous membrane of the cervix, cervical canal and vaginal walls.
2. Gynecological set with Volkmann's spoon. This tool consists of a handle, at the ends of which there are working parts in the form of spoons. The Volkmann spoon is often used in gynecology and venereology to take material from the surface of the mucous membrane of the cervix, as well as from the cervical and urethra.
3. Gynecological kit with a cytobrush, which is designed to collect material from the surface of the mucous membranes. Cytobrush is a handle and a working part covered with soft elastic bristles. If necessary, the working part can be bent at the required angle. This structure of the tool allows you to conveniently and painlessly assemble a large number of material for analysis. The cytobrush is an integral part of the gynecological kit for nulliparous, as it allows you to carefully, without injury, take the material for.
4. Gynecological set, which, in addition to the basic configuration, includes all of the listed tools: a cytobrush, a Volkmann spoon, an Ayer spatula. Also included are two glass slides.

Choosing a gynecological set by size

When choosing a set, you need to pay attention to its size. This mainly concerns the size of the Cusco plastic mirror. According to this principle, gynecological sets differ in size and width of the speculum flaps. The following sizes are distinguished:

It is enough for nulliparous women to use small mirrors. But if there is a history of childbirth, the use of larger mirrors is justified.

Of course, when going to a gynecologist's appointment, you can take a diaper and a pair of gloves with you. A gynecological mirror can be found in any specialist's office. But already assembled individual gynecological set will be more convenient to use. In addition, it is sterile and intended for disposal after one use.

Recall that it is necessary to go to the gynecologist 1-2 times a year, even if the woman is not worried about anything. Of course, few adhere to such rules. The main reasons for this situation are: lack of time to go to the doctor, fear of discovering the disease, shame due to the specificity of the procedure itself.

We want to help you, dear women, to overcome some physical and mental discomfort, devoting you to the nuances of preparing a visit to the gynecologist.

Empty before visiting the doctor bladder, and if possible, the intestines, especially if the line to the examination room was long and you had to wait a long time.

It is very important to remember that you need to take a shower (or bath) in advance, but do not wash yourself too thoroughly, as the doctor must see the vaginal microflora in its normal, everyday state. It is strictly forbidden to douche (to inject water, and even more so antiseptic substances into the vagina using a douche), since douching will deprive the doctor of the opportunity to evaluate vaginal discharge, which is very informative for a specialist and a smear taken after douching will also be, to put it mildly, not informative. It is not recommended to use special intimate deodorants or perfumes.

It is advisable to refrain from sexual intercourse the day before visiting the gynecologist, as the vagina often remains a small amount of seminal fluid that interferes with reliable analysis.

The most suitable period for examination is the first days after menstruation. You should not visit a doctor during menstruation, unless it is a force majeure event (for example, bleeding accompanied by severe pain).

Just in case, take a gynecological kit with you (they are now sold in all pharmacies), it includes: a diaper and sterile gloves, sometimes a gynecological mirror. You can take socks with you from home so that, having prepared for the examination in the office, you do not have to go barefoot on the floor to the gynecological chair.

It is important to understand that at the appointment with a gynecologist, it is worth answering honestly and openly questions regarding intimate specifics. After all, the doctor's main focus is your health, not your lifestyle. True specialist will never allow himself any condemnation, but on the contrary, he will try to help in understanding any points that interest you.

How is a gynecological examination carried out? For inspection, you will be asked to borrow horizontal position on a gynecological chair, consisting of the actual chair and footrests - slingshots.

After laying a diaper on the seat, climb the steps onto the chair and lie down on it so that the buttocks are on the very edge of the gynecological chair - this position allows you to conduct an examination painlessly and gain maximum information. Place your legs one by one on the stands so that the slingshots are in the popliteal fossa. In case of confusion, feel free to contact a doctor - he will tell you how to properly sit on the chair.

The gynecologist conducts an examination in disposable sterile rubber gloves, which are destroyed after pre-treatment in a special disinfectant solution.

During the examination, the doctor pays attention inner surface thighs, which reveals varicose veins veins, abnormal pigmentation, etc. Then large and small labia, perineum are examined. It is also important for a specialist to determine the condition of the walls of the vagina - whether they are lowered, whether there is pain when you press.

After a preliminary examination of the external genital organs, the gynecologist proceeds to an internal examination, one of the main methods of which is examination using mirrors. With this type of examination, diseases of the vagina or cervix can be detected. Mirrors are medical instruments made of metal (they are sterilized after examining each patient) or plastic (they are disposable, they are thrown away after a single use). The doctor selects mirrors according to the size of the vagina.

On examination, attention is paid to the following points: the condition of the walls of the vagina, the condition and physiological nature of the cervix, the presence of erosion (violation of the integrity or change in the structure of the mucous membrane covering the cervix), endometriosis (the appearance of foci of the inner lining of the uterus - the endometrium on the surface of the cervix) and finally features vaginal discharge(color, smell, volume, etc.).

The secret produced by the gland of the cervix is ​​​​normally transparent and is released with different intensity in different periods menstrual cycle. For example, in the middle of the menstrual cycle, the discharge is more intense. During the inspection, you can evaluate the amount, color and nature of the discharge. So, in the middle of the menstrual cycle, the mucus stretches well, it can be pulled into a “thread” up to 10 cm. Knowing this fact, you can even determine the phase of the menstrual cycle.

Inflammations caused by various pathogens change color, smell and texture normal discharge. For example, with candidiasis (thrush), white curdled discharge, with trichomoniasis, the discharge foams.

For staging accurate diagnosis during the examination, a material is taken (a smear is taken) to determine the microflora of the vagina, as well as a smear from the cervix to cytological examination- to identify oncological diseases.

Further, after examination in the mirrors, the doctor conducts a one-handed or two-handed vaginal examination. This determines the position, size, condition of the uterus itself, fallopian tubes and ovaries. For example, the length of the uterus nulliparous women is 7-8 cm, in those giving birth - 8-9.5 cm, the width is 4-5.5 cm. In this case, 2/3 of the length of the uterus should fall on her body and 1/3 - on the neck. Special attention the doctor draws on soreness of the uterus. A healthy uterus is painless, pain can be caused by various inflammatory processes. The entire inspection procedure usually takes a few minutes.

Let's see in what cases a vaginal examination is performed in pregnant women. Firstly, when registering, and secondly, before registration maternity leave- at about 28 weeks, and thirdly, at the end of pregnancy - at 36 weeks. Additional examinations are carried out in case of a threat of termination of pregnancy, if there is a suspicion of infectious diseases genital tract, with a rash in the genital area and unpleasant sensations.

Do not be afraid of vaginal examinations with the threat of termination of pregnancy. Be sure to tell your doctor if you are concerned about pulling or cramping pains lower abdomen or lower back. The doctor will carefully examine and help prevent the progression of the threat of abortion.

Particular attention before childbirth during vaginal examination is given to the condition of the cervix. So, they say that the cervix is ​​ready for childbirth when it is soft, shortened, its length is 2 cm or less, the cervical canal freely passes a finger, the cervix is ​​centered, that is, located in the center of the small pelvis, but not closer to the sacrum.

Vaginal examination also produced during childbirth:

• upon admission to the obstetric institution, then every 4 hours of regular labor activity;
• after the outflow of amniotic fluid;
• in the event of attempts (attempts resemble the urge to defecate);
• in the event of any complications during childbirth (bleeding, deterioration of the fetus or woman in labor, suspicion of weakness in labor, etc.).

Using special mirrors, the cervix is ​​examined immediately after childbirth (after the placenta was born). In this case, the mother in labor may experience slight discomfort. If necessary, restore the integrity of the cervix, and then the vagina and perineum.

The main thing, I would like to note that visiting a gynecologist is necessary measure for supporting women's health fine. Corresponding mental attitude, and proper physiological preparation contribute to the most effective and comfortable diagnosis.

Prevention of reproductive diseases is much more effective than treatment. It does not require a lot of money, time and effort, does not cause inconvenience and does not cause pain.

Among preventive measures, with which you can monitor your health, a gynecologist’s appointment stands out - despite the fact that you need to go through it once a year, many women neglect this rule.

However regular examination a specialist will help to detect the pathology in time and start adequate treatment. In this article, we will look at how to prepare for the examination, what to take with you to the appointment.

How to prepare?

Women have the following questions: is it right not to have sex, is it necessary to empty the bladder before entering the office?

IMPORTANT! Self-medication is never the right strategy and can make it difficult for a doctor to work. If there is no real need, it is better to wait for the reception and then purchase the medicines prescribed by the specialist.

What to bring?

This is the first and, undoubtedly, a disturbing question that arises in a patient going to see a gynecologist for the first time. Depending on the clinic, the list of requirements may vary. The inspection kit may include:

In private clinics, everything is provided as needed. In free clinics, before going to the gynecologist, you should ask the receptionist what exactly will be needed and whether there is a pharmacy in the district where you can buy everything you need. After the reception, the used disposable materials can be thrown into a special bucket.

How to prepare the intimate area?

This question usually comes up second. What preparation is needed? Do you need to shave? Do you need to wash? Maybe douching? If this is the girl's first visit to the doctor, this can seriously disturb her. Let's consider each question in more detail.

Too aggressive hygiene is never good.

You need to keep to the golden mean always, not only before going to the gynecologist - wash yourself not too often and not too rarely, do not use antibacterial soaps, do not wash every half an hour during menstruation and, preferably, limit yourself to special care products for the intimate area.

How to behave in the doctor's office?

Girls and women may have some nervousness due to uncertainty - what to say, how to sit down, whether the doctor will condemn you. It dissipates, one has only to find out how a standard gynecological examination goes.

When all the necessary manipulations have been completed, the doctor makes an entry in the card, records the results of the examination and the date of the last menstruation, and, if necessary, writes out additional tests and says goodbye to the patient until the moment when she again comes with a scheduled visit.

Designed for use in medical institutions, in particular, gynecology, obstetrics, dermatovenereology. Complete set: napkin 40x60 cm, Cuzco mirror, powdered gloves (size - M), Volkmann's spoon. Sterile blister pack.

Disposable gynecological set Juno №4

This kit is distinguished by the presence of a disposable instrument for taking material from several sections of the mucous membranes - a cytobrush. In the set: Cusco mirror, lined napkin 40x60, powdered gloves rr M, cytobrush.

Disposable gynecological set Juno №5

In the set: lined diaper (napkin) size 40 x 60; one pair of powdered inspection gloves size M; gynecological mirror according to Cuzco; cytobrush; Volkman's spoon; Ayer spatula; glass slides 2 pcs.
All items are sterile.

Peculiarities

There are six types of Juno gynecological kits, which differ in their configuration. They are numbered from 0 to 5, each necessarily includes a Cusco gynecological mirror (its size may be different, this parameter is chosen by the doctor), medical latex gloves and a non-woven napkin. The remaining items are a probe, glass slides, etc. – are completed depending on the type of set.

For example, the fifth set (No. 5) has the most extensive package among all: in addition to the basic items, it also includes a cytobrush, a Volkmann spoon and an Ayer spatula for efficient and painless collection of material for analysis from the surface of the cervix and cervical canal. In addition, there are two glass slides for examining the material using a microscope.

Sterilization

All gynecological disposable examination kits undergo radiation sterilization (it has another name - “cold”). This is a process in which cells are destroyed by exposure to ionizing radiation. Thus, you can be sure that any microorganisms are destroyed, regardless of whether they are pathogenic or not.

Radiation sterilization is the most modern method, which has no restrictions (unlike thermal and chemical methods) and is widely used in the field of medicine. Using this method, it is possible to sterilize materials in any sealed package.

Thus, both the doctor and the patient can be sure that the disposable gynecological examination kit is completely sterile and cannot cause infection.

Advantages

• The set is immediately ready for use;
• Disposable - no need for re-sterilization;
• Atraumatic - all collection items are made of smooth plastic;
• Functional - the ability to conduct a full-fledged gynecological examination, collect analysis for research, etc.

The price of a gynecological kit varies depending on the configuration, namely, on the number of devices in the set, but the cost is still small, and this is another plus of using disposable devices: plastic is an inexpensive material, and gynecological products made from it also cost a little . Of course when we are talking about health, prices fade into the background, but savings are always a nice bonus.

An important advantage is the general availability of such sets. Before the examination by a doctor, each patient can go to a regular pharmacy where you can buy a gynecological kit for a gynecologist, and be sure that non-sterile instruments will not be used during the examination.

Experience with tools reusable in women it is mostly negative: for example, many patients developed thrush after examination with a speculum.

The sterility of the gynecological examination kits in the package lasts from three to five years (while maintaining the integrity of the package). Thus, the doctor can purchase a large number of kits at once, and store them for a long time. The exact shelf life is usually indicated on each package.