Facial neuritis symptoms. Symptoms of a pinched facial trigeminal nerve. Warming up with salt and sand

Acute pain in the face, its swelling and immobility will make everyone worried. Spasm, asymmetry, weakness and swelling facial muscles may indicate a common disease such as neuritis facial nerve. The disease has an abrupt onset and, in the absence of proper treatment, serious consequences- with the advanced form of the disease, nerve fibers die and it is difficult to restore the normal motor function of the face. Let's take a closer look this disease, its causes, symptoms and the possibility of treatment at home.

Neuritis of the facial nerve: causes of the disease

Neuritis of the facial nerve is more often a unilateral inflammation of the facial nerve responsible for movement and facial expressions, resulting in pain in the affected area, inability to control facial muscles, and facial asymmetry. The causes of the disease consist of a number of provoking factors:

Main symptoms

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The disease develops rapidly. Neuritis of the facial nerve is divided into primary (which occurred for the first time due to hypothermia) and secondary (attached against the background of concomitant diseases). Depending on the degree of damage, the following symptoms appear:

Later, a characteristic asymmetry of the face appears, protrusion of the eye, inability to close the eye or raise an eyebrow. Eating becomes difficult, taste buds are disturbed. Hearing becomes aggravated, all sounds seem unbearably loud.

Diagnosis Methods

If symptoms of neuritis are detected, it is necessary to seek the advice of a neuropathologist. After inspection, experienced specialist it will not be difficult to make a diagnosis and determine the location of the lesion of the facial nerve.

However, if we are talking not about primary neuritis, additional studies will be assigned to determine the cause:

• a blood test showing the presence of a bacterial inflammatory process;
• magnetic resonance imaging (reveals tumors and inflammation of the brain, ischemic diseases);
• computed tomography (determines the signs of a microstroke, the consequences of a head injury - brain hematoma).

To determine the degree of nerve damage, electroneurography and electromyography are prescribed. Consultations with an otolaryngologist or dentist may be recommended.

Therapy of neuritis

Depending on the degree of damage and the cause of the disease, it is prescribed complex treatment. At timely treatment prognosis for recovery is favorable, relapses of the disease occur in 10% of cases. Another 10% of patients fail to restore the motor functions of the facial muscles. Comprehensive treatment is the key to a successful recovery.

Medicines

When diagnosing secondary form neuritis, treat its cause first. In the primary form, treatment is carried out both in a hospital and at home, strictly under the supervision of a physician. In the acute period, in the first place, are appointed medical preparations to relieve pain, swelling and inflammation. Additionally, sedatives are prescribed.

Gymnastics and massage

After removal acute condition need to start implementing special gymnastics and a course of massage. They can be done at home.

It is necessary to start a complex of special gymnastics after exercises that warm up the muscles of the neck and shoulder girdle. To do this circular motions shoulders, turns and tilts of the neck with a small amplitude. It is better to perform movements while sitting with a flat back. After warming up, mimic gymnastics is performed:

Massage increases the effectiveness of gymnastics, it is better to carry it out after performing mimic gymnastics. For safety, it is better to entrust this process to a specialist, in the absence of such an opportunity, to carry it out on your own. Benefits of massage:

• improves the conductivity of the facial nerve, reduces swelling and congestion in the channels;
• by improving the condition lymphatic system and circulatory systems, the functions of mimic muscles are restored.

Massage the neck collar area and face. Perform alternately stroking, kneading, pressing and rubbing actions. Start from the forearm and back of the neck, move to the occipital region and side surface neck, finish the session with a facial massage.

Give facial massage Special attention. Do it with care:

Acupuncture

Proven effective method treatment for neuritis is acupuncture. For the effectiveness of the procedure, certain rules are followed:

• start acupuncture after relieving pain and swelling;
• do not combine with other physiotherapy;
• exclude painkillers;
• perform acupuncture one hour after eating.

The procedure is that in active biological points insert medical needles. This helps to activate your own defensive forces organism. The method is painless, there is a slight tingling and warmth at the injection site. Sessions are carried out both on the healthy and on the affected side. It will take 10-15 sessions, you can repeat the procedure in a month.

Treatment of neuritis with folk remedies

Assessing the severity of the diagnosis and after consulting with a doctor, the treatment of neuritis can be supplemented folk remedies at home. Traditional medicine recommends applying when performing a massage fir oil and add dates to your diet.

Exists a large number of recipes traditional medicine that help to overcome the disease. To do this, use herbs, tinctures, bee products.

Warming up with salt and sand

The inflamed facial nerve loves exposure to heat. To replace the ultra-high-frequency therapy (UHF) carried out in hospitals, home heating with salt and sand will help.

To do this, heat it in a dry frying pan. table salt or sand and put them in a bag made of natural fabric (a sock is also suitable). Apply to the affected side of the face for 30 minutes at least twice a day. After warming up, avoid cold and drafts.

Wormwood Applications

An effective folk remedy for relieving inflammation of the nerve is a compress from wormwood. To do this, fresh or dry herb wormwood is crushed and mixed with a small amount boiling water form a slurry. Add a teaspoon of sea buckthorn oil to the mixture. Apply in a warm form to a sore spot, covering the top with dense polyethylene and wrapping it with a woolen scarf. Keep the application until the mixture has completely cooled.

Honey based masks

The healing properties of honey are also used to treat neuritis. The simple composition of the product allows you to successfully apply this mask: mix a tablespoon of honey with freshly squeezed juice onion, to the resulting mixture add whipped egg white and mix gently. Apply the mixture to a strip of cloth and apply to the face for 40-60 minutes.

Special mustard plasters are also prepared from honey. Mix in equal parts honey, propolis tincture and any oil. Apply the mixture on gauze, apply to the face and cover with mustard plaster over the gauze. Keep no more than 15 minutes.

Herbal tinctures

Complex mixture pharmacy tinctures has long established itself in successful treatment heart disorders and nervous tension. It will not be superfluous in the treatment of neuritis, as it has a calming and relaxing effect.

Peony, hawthorn, motherwort, valerian tinctures are mixed in equal amounts, add half a bottle of Corvalol (15 ml) to the mixture. Take a teaspoon 30 minutes before bed for three months.

Disease prevention

Prevention of the disease includes a set of measures to support general immunity:

• consult a doctor in a timely manner so as not to miss serious infectious diseases;
• choose a qualified dentist and visit him once every six months, in order to prevent;
• avoid hypothermia and drafts, especially during a cold;
• eat rationally, take a complex essential vitamins and micronutrients and limit alcohol intake;
• avoid stress and anxiety aching pains in the heart, contact a cardiologist.

In order to avoid relapses of the disease, the treatment of primary neuritis should be comprehensive and carried out under the supervision of a physician (see also:). Do not self-medicate without being fully convinced of the correctness of the diagnosis.

Inflammation of the facial nerve (neuritis) most often occurs as a result of hypothermia, for example, after driving open window, sleeping in a draft, when you are near the air conditioner, etc. Other common causes are infections (measles, mumps, herpes, etc.), pathologies vascular system, brain tumors, inflammatory diseases sinuses, ear, brain, anesthesia of the lower alveolar nerve in dental treatment and craniocerebral trauma.

Symptoms of unilateral inflammation of the facial nerve

In medicine, neuritis is classified into primary and secondary. The first is also called Bell's disease (paralysis), it occurs, as a rule, after hypothermia, but there are no pathological changes in the head area. Secondary is a complication of the above diseases of the ENT organs and the brain.

Most often, neuritis affects only one side of the face, only in 2% of cases of the disease both suffer. Symptomatic picture depends on the stage of the disease.

The most common symptoms:

• Violation of sensitivity, pain in the ear and mastoid process;
• Eye violation motor function- it is difficult to look away from the affected side;
• Paresis and paralysis of facial muscles, manifested as asymmetry, the face warps in healthy side, is smoothed nasolabial fold, palpebral fissures acquire a different size, it is impossible to stretch the lips into a tube, one edge of the mouth remains motionless;
• Hearing impairment can occur either in deafness in one ear or in hyperacusis;
• Decreased lacrimation or, conversely, lacrimation;
• Increase or decrease in salivation;
• Violation taste sensations.

Diagnosis of inflammation of the facial nerve

The disease is clearly severe symptoms therefore, its diagnosis, as a rule, does not cause difficulties. To exclude the secondary nature of inflammation or to determine the degree of brain damage in secondary neuritis, they resort to MRI or CT.

Treatment of inflammation (neuritis) of the facial nerve

Like any other disease, neuritis is best treated on early stages to avoid various complications.

AT acute period the following drugs are prescribed:

• Glucocorticosteroid hormones (Prednisolone) / non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Piroxicam, Nimesulide, Meloxicam) to relieve inflammation;
• Diuretics (torasemide, furosemide) to reduce swelling;
• Analgesics or antispasmodics to eliminate pain syndrome;
• Vasodilator drugs (Eufillin) to improve blood flow in the affected area;
• B vitamins improve metabolic processes in nervous tissues;
• Secondary neuritis is treated by eliminating the underlying disease;
• If there is a slow regression, they resort to metabolic (Nerobol) and anticholinesterase (Prozerin, Galantamine) drugs.

To speed up the fibers, after the start of the course of therapy, you may prescribe next treatment and drugs from acute inflammation of the facial nerve as a Minin lamp, ultrasound with hydrocortisone, paraffin, applications with ozocerite, acupuncture, Solux. From the second week appoint massotherapy and LFC.

If after a few months the treatment has not brought results, raise the question of surgical intervention namely autotransplantation.

Prognosis for patients with neuritis

One third of patients are completely cured. But if the paralysis persists for more than 3 months, then the chances of recovery are significantly reduced. If the cause of neuritis was a disease of the organ of hearing or its injury, then the functions may not be restored. Recurrent neuritis with each attack is more severe, and recovery period after that it lengthens.

Symptoms of chronic inflammation of the trigeminal facial nerve

Such neuralgia (trigeminal) is characterized by attacks acute pain in the areas of innervation of its branches.

Trigeminal neuralgia develops against the background of the same causes as the acute form: hypothermia of the face, brain tumors, chronic infections(caries, sinusitis), aneurysm of a vessel in the skull, compression of the nerve at the point of its exit from the skull into the bone canal with abnormal localization of the vessels.

Most patients are over 40 years old, with women more often suffering from neuritis.

The main symptom of inflammation is pain. As in acute form, it is usually unilateral. It is characterized by sharpness, strong intensity, shooting and unbearable. When describing sensations, patients compare it with electrical discharges.

The attack lasts no more than 2 minutes. There is a refractory period between these events. Localization of pain and its direction throughout years may remain unchanged. During an attack, a person has increased salivation and lacrimation.

Patients also secrete the so-called trigger areas, which, when irritated, cause pain. The occurrence of an attack may be preceded by a trigger factor - a condition or action that provokes pain, for example, chewing, washing, talking, yawning, etc.

At the same time, there are almost no such sensations during sleep. The peak of paroxysm in most patients is characterized by twitching of the affected muscles. During an attack, a person tries not to move.

When chewing food, only healthy half mouth, so the patient experience muscle seals. Prolonged course of the disease leads to dystrophic changes in chewing muscles, and also reduces the sensitivity of the affected part of the face.

Treatment of long-term inflammation of the trigeminal facial nerve

The course of therapy is aimed at eliminating the pain syndrome. The main drug for symptom relief is carbamazepine. The dosage in each individual case is determined by the observing doctor. A few days after the start of administration, patients note its effective analgesic effect, which lasts for up to 4 hours.

The initial dose, at which you can safely chew and talk, does not change during the first month, but then it begins to be gradually reduced. Such therapy lasts until the attacks do not disturb the person for six months.

Physiotherapeutic methods can also be used, for example, dynamic currents, ultraphonophoresis with hydrocortisone, galvanization with amidopyrine or novocaine.

Both in treatment and prevention involves vitamin therapy. B vitamins will be especially useful. acute course diseases, these substances are administered by injection, combining with ascorbic acid.

When drug therapy turns out to be useless, the disease is eliminated through surgical intervention. There are several options for operations, so the attending physician must choose the best one based on the characteristics of the clinical picture.

In the early stages of neuralgia, percutaneous operations are performed with local anesthesia. In the process, the trigeminal nerve is destroyed chemicals or radio waves that are passed under the skin through a catheter. Pain after such an event may disappear immediately or last for several more months.

From the textbook of anatomy, you can find out that there are XII pairs of cranial nerves, one of which (namely VII) is facial. Each of its two branches provides movements of the facial muscles on its own side, and if for some reason one or both branches become inflamed, paresis and paralysis of the corresponding muscle group develop.

Neuritis of the facial nerve occurs in people of any age and gender, most cases of the disease occur in the cold autumn-winter period.

Why does the nerve become inflamed

Hypothermia is considered the main provoking factor for the disease (riding in transport at an open window, sleeping in a draft, prolonged exposure to a working air conditioner).

In addition to hypothermia, an important role in the development of inflammation of the facial nerve is played by:

• infection (virus, measles, herpes);
• traumatic brain injury;
• vascular disorders, in particular, atherosclerosis of the vertebral arteries;
• inflammatory diseases of the ear, facial sinuses, brain;
• brain tumors;
• anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve by a dentist.

Classification

Depending on the reasons disease-causing, neuritis of the facial nerve can be:

• primary (its second name is Bella's disease, or paralysis; it occurs due to hypothermia, while there are no organic changes in the head area);
• secondary (develops against the background of the above diseases of the brain and ENT organs).

Symptoms of inflammation of the facial nerve

In most cases, inflammation of the facial nerve is a unilateral process, however, in 2% of cases, both of its branches are affected.

Depending on the level of nerve damage, the symptoms of the disease can be very diverse. The most common symptoms are:

• violation of sensitivity and pain of varying intensity in the area of ​​the mastoid process and ear;
• acute paresis (partial movement disorder) and paralysis (complete movement disorder) of the mimic muscles innervated by the affected part of the nerve - asymmetry of the face with a bias in the healthy side, different size palpebral fissures, smoothness of the nasolabial fold on one side; the patient cannot show his teeth, stretch his lips with a pipe, and when trying to smile, one edge of the mouth remains motionless;
• violation of oculomotor function (inability to look away from the affected side);
• reduction of lacrimation to absolute dryness of the eye or, conversely, lacrimation;
• hearing disorders (deafness on the affected side or, conversely, a sharp increase in hearing - hyperacusis);
• taste disorders;
• increased or decreased salivation.

Diagnosis of neuritis of the facial nerve

Since this disease has a pronounced, characteristic clinical picture, the diagnosis for the attending physician does not cause difficulties.

In order to exclude the secondary nature of inflammation or to clarify the nature of brain lesions in secondary neuritis, a patient may be prescribed CT or MRI.

Treatment of neuritis of the facial nerve

In order to quickly cope with the disease and avoid its negative consequences, it is important to start therapy as early as possible.

In the acute period of the disease apply:

• to relieve inflammation - glucocorticosteroid hormones (Prednisolone) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Nimesulide, Meloxicam, Piroxicam);
• in order to reduce edema - diuretics (Furosemide, Torasemide);
• in case of severe pain syndrome - analgesics (analgin) and antispasmodics (Drotaverine);
• to improve blood flow in the affected area - vasodilators(Eufillin);
• to improve metabolic processes in the nervous tissue - B vitamins;
• with secondary neuritis - treatment of the underlying disease;
• in case of slow regression movement disorders muscle requires the appointment of metabolic (Nerobol) and anticholinesterase (Galantamine, Prozerin) drugs.

A few days after the start of therapy, in order to accelerate the recovery processes in the affected nerve fibers, physiotherapy is prescribed:

• first - Solux, Minin's lamp;
• later - ultrasound with hydrocortisone, applications with ozocerite, paraffin therapy, acupuncture;
• from the second week of illness - exercise therapy, massage of mimic muscles.

If, after 8–10 months, the impaired muscle functions are not restored, the question arises of surgical intervention in the area of ​​the affected nerve, in particular, of its autotransplantation.

The course and prognosis of neuritis of the facial nerve

Forecast this disease favorable in most patients - complete recovery is observed in 75% of patients. If the paralysis of facial muscles persists for more than 3 months, the patient's chances for a full recovery are rapidly falling. If neuritis is caused by trauma or disease of the hearing organ, recovery normal function muscles may not come at all. As for recurrent neuritis, each subsequent episode of the disease is somewhat more difficult than the previous one, and the recovery period is lengthened.

Prevention

The main methods of prevention of neuritis of the facial nerve is the prevention of hypothermia and injuries of the head area, timely adequate treatment concomitant diseases.

Which doctor to contact

If there is pain in the face, you need to contact a neurologist. Assistance in treatment is provided by a physiotherapist, masseur, specialist in physiotherapy exercises.

About the paralysis of the facial nerve in the program "Live healthy!":

There are twelve on a person's face. steam cranial nerves. Each of the groups provides the mobility of a certain area.

The most sensitive of them are the facial, glossopharyngeal, trigeminal, hypoglossal, submandibular and vagus nerves.

Inflammation of any nerve ending blocks the work of a specific area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe face. Is there a temporary or permanent paralysis of mimic muscles.

Symptoms of inflammation of the maxillofacial nerve

Inflammation of any nerve is accompanied common symptoms, no matter in which part of the face it is located.

The localization of signs differs. For example, if the disease affects the submandibular region, then the sensitivity and mobility of the jaws are impaired. If the trigeminal nerve becomes inflamed, then the right or left-hand side faces.

Symptoms of inflammation of the facial nerve are:

• sensory disorders of the muscles of the face (manifested in a decrease or increase in pain threshold);
• internal pains (the painful focus coincides with the location of the inflamed nerve);
• impaired hearing and taste sensations (with damage to the jaw nerve);
• secretory disorders (it becomes difficult to control tearing and salivation);
• motor disorders (complete or partial paralysis of the facial muscles).

Treatment of inflammation of the trigeminal nerve at home

Hospitalization for inflammation trigeminal nerve carried out in rare cases. The main part of the course of treatment takes place at home.

Timely access to a neurologist is the key fast elimination symptoms of the disease. Self-medication can lead to negative consequences, including paralysis of a certain part of the face.

Video: trigeminal nerve treatment

The treatment of inflammation of the trigeminal nerve includes the following methods:

• taking medications (vitamins, antiviral, vascular, decongestants, analgesics, glucocorticoids);
• medical procedures (massage, acupuncture, etc.);
• treatment with folk remedies (alternative medicine is included in the course of treatment, but is an addition to procedures and medications).

During the treatment of inflammation of the nerve recommended at home:

1. exclude hypothermia of the face;
2. follow all recommendations of a specialist;
3. do not interrupt the course of treatment on your own;
4. do not self-medicate without consulting a neurologist.

Features of the treatment of the submandibular nerve

Home hallmark treatment of inflammation of the submandibular nerve is the use of a special dressing.

You can buy a supporting device in pharmacies or make it yourself. The main function of the bandage is to maintain mandible and exclusion of muscle tension.

The use of a bandage is combined with the main course of treatment of inflammation:

• identification of the cause of the disease and its elimination (inflammation of the jaw nerve is often a complication of diseases of the oral cavity, impaired performance endocrine system or lymph nodes)
• taking medications (diuretics to eliminate edema, analgesics to reduce pain, vasodilators to normalize the process of blood circulation, vitamins and metabolic agents);
• medical procedures (including prescriptions alternative medicine).

Folk remedies for the treatment of inflammation of the facial nerve

In traditional medicine recipes, you can often see methods for treating inflammation of the facial nerve based on warming up or cold compresses. You should not use such methods without consulting a specialist. If the disease is accompanied by an accumulation of pus, then thermal exposure will lead to negative consequences.

Examples safe means alternative medicine in the treatment of inflammation of the facial nerve:

There are an impressive number of ways to treat inflammation of the facial nerve at home. When choosing a recipe, it is important to take into account the possible intolerance of the components and correctly determine the places for applying compresses.

If the trigeminal nerve is inflamed, then lotions are made on the inflamed part of the face, if pain is present in the ears, then it is recommended to supplement the treatment with special lotions. Gauze should be moistened in decoctions of herbs or beetroot juice, and then placed in the ear canal. If the jaw part of the face is affected, compresses should also be applied to the lymph nodes.

One of the twelve paired cranial nerves is the facial. It is mixed, as it consists of motor, sensory and parasympathetic nerve fibers. The motor part of the nerve begins in the rhomboid fossa of the IV ventricle of the brain from the processes nerve cells motor nucleus.

It includes the intermediate nerve. These are two different nerves, but their fibers are intertwined. They simultaneously reach the surface of the brain and move into the canal of the facial nerve. In the place of its bend is the geniculate (gustatory) node of the intermediate nerve. The sensory fibers of the nerve originate from here, the secretory fibers from the cells of the superior pontine salivary nucleus in the medulla oblongata.

The peripheral fibers of the intermediate nerve are part of the structure of the branches of the facial - a large stony nerve and drum string. These branches form in the facial canal.

Sensory (gustatory) fibers in the composition of the petrosal nerve innervate the mucous soft palate, connecting with the pterygopalatine node.

The gustatory processes of the tympanic string innervate 2/3 of the anterior part of the mucous membrane of the tongue, reaching the lingual nerve.

The first branch of the nerve departs from the geniculate node and, moving along the pterygoid canal, enters the pterygopalatine ganglion. In its composition innervates the mucous membranes of the soft palate and nasal cavity. Further, part of the nerve fibers is part of the maxillary nerve and goes to the lacrimal gland.

The second branch is separated from the facial nerve in the lower part of the canal and the fiber of the intermediate nerve in its composition through tympanic cavity move to the lingual nerve and unite with it. Part of the fibers then continues to move to the hypoglossal nerve ganglion, and part - to the submandibular.

Besides, in cranium branches from the facial nerve to the auditory and vagus nerve, to the stapedius muscle.

After exiting the canal, the facial and intermediate nerves separate. At the same time, the motor fibers of the facial, moving through the stylomastoid foramen temporal bone, embedded in tissues parotid gland. Two branches of the facial nerve are formed here:

• top;
• lower.

Small branches - branches of the second order. Connecting inside the gland, they form the parotid plexus. Coming out of the gland, they are sent radially to the maxillofacial muscles.

The anatomical and physiological structure of the facial nerve and the variety of functional connections determine a large number of different diseases.

How the facial nerve works, its anatomy and functions:

Diseases of the facial nerve, their features

Pathologies of the facial nerve can affect several branches at once and involve other nerves in the process.

The main lesions of the facial nerve:

• neuritis or (cold facial, inflammation);
• neuralgia;
• pinched nerve;
• neuropathy;

If necessary, prescribe anticholinesterase drugs and activating metabolic processes, vitamins of group B.

In case of contracture of facial muscles, corrective operations are performed. Surgically restore the functions of the nerve when it is damaged in the facial canal, "revive" the functions of the facial muscles, reinnervate the facial muscles - sew the nerve with healthy motor nerves.

Additional treatment is the same as for neuritis.

Neuralgia - pain penetrating through

The main symptom of neuralgia of the facial nerve is pain, which is greatest at the exit of the nerve from the skull. Occurs suddenly different strength and localization.

• Associated signs:
• muscle weakness with the development of paresis;
• increased or decreased muscle sensitivity;
• development of facial asymmetry;
• profuse salivation and lacrimation;
• taste disturbance to complete absence.

Treatment of neuralgia of the facial nerve is most often medication, the following drugs are prescribed:

Paresis lesion

The main symptom of facial nerve paresis is facial asymmetry, but there are a number of other important symptoms:

• motor function of mimic muscles is lost;
• impaired speech and swallowing;
• the eye is open and immobilized, dry or watery;
• profuse salivation;
• distorted perception of sounds;
• taste change;
• ear pain.

Treatment is complex, the main one is medication. Apply antispasmodic, decongestant, anti-inflammatory steroid, vasodilating, sedative and containing vitamins of group B, preparations. Recommend drugs that improve metabolic processes in nerve tissues. Their list is similar to those prescribed for other nerve pathologies.

To restore the motor function of muscles and nerve fibers, use additional methods treatments are the same as for neuralgia, but a number of methods are added. This is balneotherapy mineral waters, electromassage, treatment laser beam, magnetotherapy, warming procedures.

Surgical intervention is carried out with prolonged ineffective treatment.

Pinched facial nerve

Occurs in acute chronic form. Severe course manifested by paresis (paralysis), the disease has the following symptoms:

• pain behind the ear of varying strength;
• weakening of the facial muscles, distortion of the face;
• numbness of muscles and skin;
• the eye is raised up, tearing;
• salivation from the lowered corner of the mouth;
• hypersensitivity to loud sound.

Left untreated, the lesion leads to contracture of the facial muscles.

Treatment is carried out according to the standard scheme.

Preventive measures

It is possible to prevent diseases of the facial nerve by adhering to simple rules:

If you suspect nerve damage, you should immediately contact a specialist.