Brown-sequard syndrome: causes, symptoms, treatment. Brown syndrome - Sekara - description, causes, symptoms (signs), treatment On the healthy half of the body

Many people often experience occasional back pain. The reasons for their appearance are very diverse: trauma, neurological diseases against the background of damage to the nervous system. One of the most complex manifestations of diseases associated with back pain is Brown-Séquard syndrome.

It is a whole complex of both sensory and motor disorders caused by damage to the spinal cord in diameter. The list of conditions and diseases in which this syndrome occurs is quite large. The main and most common cause of its occurrence is a back injury, which can be obtained both as a result of a blunt object injury. It is not uncommon for Brown-Séquard syndrome to appear as a result of a car accident, which entailed a facet fracture along with displacement.

Much less often, but still, there have been cases of this syndrome due to an extramedullary tumor, disc herniation, epidular hematoma, spinal infarction, or dissection. Still, the main cause is damage to the spinal cord as a result of a mechanical injury.

Several manifestations are described, the cause of which is the aforementioned syndrome. So, the classic version of it is the following. On the side where the lesion is located, either paresis or paralysis of both legs occurs. There is a deep violation of sensitivity (weight, pressure), as well as the absence of it in the form of numbness in the area of innervation of the segments that were damaged as a result of trauma. On the side that is opposite to the lesion, there is a lack of superficial sensitivity (temperature, pain)

Brown-Sequard syndrome in the reverse version has the following features. The symptoms in this case are different. On the side that is the site of the focus, there may be a violation of superficial sensitivity, and on the other - paralysis and paresis. The Brown-Sequard symptom is present only on the side of the injury (motor disorders, sensory disorders).

The so-called partial variant of the syndrome differs from those mentioned above in that the symptoms practically do not appear or are noted only zonally.

Such a variety of possible manifestations is explained, first of all, by the localization and nature (wounds, contusions, brain tumors, purulent epiduritis, impaired general spinal circulation) of the lesion.

An integral feature of such a disease as Brown-Séquard syndrome is that against the background of the above changes, sensitivity in muscles and joints is preserved. This fact is easily explained by the fact that the cords located behind the spinal cord remain unharmed due to the fact that their blood supply is carried out with the help of the spinal artery.

The above described Brown-Sekara are clinically confirmed and have been repeatedly observed in medical practice.

The famous physiologist and neurologist Charlie Edouard Brown-Séquard, thanks to his fruitful work and efforts, made a huge contribution to medical science.

The achievement of the great scientist was the discovery and description of a serious illness in 1849, which caused damage to various parts of the spinal cord and brain. It was in honor of the neurologist that the disease was named Brown-Séquard syndrome.

Characteristic features of the disease

Lateral hemisection of the spinal cord or Brown-Séquard syndrome is a disease that results in damage to the spinal column and spinal cord.

At the same time, the main feature of this pathology is that the lesion is localized only in half the diameter of the spinal cord (that is, only a certain level of the spine suffers).

By the nature of the manifestation, the disease is diagnosed only in 1-3% of cases. At the same time, the chances of getting sick in both men and women are exactly the same. The only exception is the case when a person is at risk (for example, one of the relatives had this disease).

Unfortunately, Brown-Séquard syndrome is not amenable to complete treatment in advanced cases. However, if the disease is diagnosed in a timely manner and seek qualified medical assistance, then the patient's life can be greatly facilitated and his health condition can be maintained in a satisfactory condition.

Classification of violation

Today, experts have identified several options for the course of Brown-Séquard syndrome:

Classical typology. Most often, at this stage, the patient has all the symptoms that are characteristic of the initial stages of the course of the disease. The disease in this case proceeds without any special complications and manifestations.
Inverted typology. In this variant of the development of the disease, all the symptoms that were characteristic in the classical version go to the absolutely opposite side of the patient's body (that is, if the paralysis was previously on the right, now it goes to the left side).
Partial typology. In this case, the syndrome may not manifest itself in any way, or it may be expressed in some parts of the body (limbs, for example). It can be called the complete opposite of the classic version and inverted.

In addition, the classification of pathology is also distinguished depending on the reasons that influenced its development:

traumatic stage;
tumor stage;
infectious stage;
hematological stage.

Reasons for the development of the disorder

A variety of factors can provoke the development of a disease of the spinal cord and spine, but among the entire list, special attention is paid to the following:

Regardless of the influence of adverse factors that provoked the development of pathology, there are risk factors that also pose a danger to human health. These include:

traumatic syndrome;
the presence of tumors and neoplasms;
hematogenous syndrome;
infectious and inflammatory processes in the body.

The further treatment and recovery of the patient depends on how correctly the specialist establishes the causes and varieties of the disease.

Manifesting symptoms

Brown-Sequard syndrome in its development has several degrees of severity of development, each of which is characterized by the manifestation of certain signs of the disease.

The main symptoms of pathology include such manifestations (their intensity increases with time, and they appear in turn):

complete or partial paralysis of the body;
decreased sensitivity (tactile and temperature);
it is difficult for the patient to feel his weight and feel any vibrations that arise from passive motor acts;
the skin becomes reddish and becomes cold;
due to a decrease or lack of motor activity, bedsores begin to form;
with the course of the disease, the patient ceases to feel pain;
there is no reaction to injury (for example, cuts).

These symptoms may appear immediately or after a while (which is very rare). The patient's condition will worsen depending on how strong and irreversible the damage in the spine and spinal cord will be.

Diagnosing a violation

When contacting a medical institution, specialists first of all collect the patient's history. They are interested in how long ago the symptoms began to manifest themselves and with what intensity they develop.

It is also important to check the presence of various reflexes and sensitivity of all limbs. In order for the diagnosis to be made correctly, with full confidence and confirmation by the doctor, the patient will need to undergo a special course of medical examinations, they will allow you to establish a clear picture of the disease and prescribe competent treatment.

The survey includes:

x-ray examination(makes it possible to detect damage to the spine in the early stages);
conducting computed tomography allows you to identify problems not only in bone tissue, but also in muscles, nerve endings and blood vessels;
(magnetic resonance imaging) is today considered the most informative, as it combines a lot of additional information that cannot be obtained by the previously described methods.

A set of therapeutic measures

After the doctor receives the results of all examinations, he signs the further course of treatment for the patient. In most cases, Brown-Séquard syndrome can only be treated with surgery.

Depending on what caused the development of the disease, specialists decide on the methods of carrying out the operation, namely, what are the best tools to use for this.

To be able to prevent the manifestation of complications, surgery should be performed as soon as possible after confirming the diagnosis!

During the surgical intervention, the surgeon will first of all remove the tumor or hematoma, only after that he will begin to restore the damaged spine.

To recover after such an operation, the patient is helped by special exercises, exercise therapy, physiotherapy, proper nutrition and good mood, which should be provided by close relatives and friends.

Patient Prognosis

Predictions for Brown-Séquard syndrome are mixed. With certainty, we can only state the fact that with proper care for yourself and your health, the development of this pathology can be avoided.

To do this, you need to be as careful as possible while driving, monitor your safety while working at height, and if you feel the slightest deterioration in health, immediately consult a doctor.

In the event that the symptoms begin to manifest themselves with minimal force, it is necessary to seek qualified help as soon as possible, because only a timely diagnosis increases the chances of a full recovery and a happy life.

Collapse

Among the various diseases of the spine, there are cases when Brown-Séquard syndrome is diagnosed. Pathology can appear for various reasons. They are based on damage to the spinal column.

Definition

Brown-Séquard syndrome refers to symptoms that develop as a result of damage to the spinal cord (half of it). Judging by the international classification of diseases, then the code is G83.

It occurs with equal frequency in males and females. This pathology occupies about 3% of all diseases of the spinal column.

The reasons

The causes of the syndrome may be:

injuries that led to damage or displacement of the vertebrae (dislocations, fractures, bruises);
vascular pathology (in the form of spinal angioma, ischemia, traumatic hematoma);
serious cuts, gunshot wounds in the region of the spinal column;
benign or malignant tumors arising from bone, soft or nervous tissue (sarcomas, meningiomas, gliomas, neuromas);
epidural hematomas, abscesses that compress the spinal cord;
the appearance of infectious or inflammatory myelopathy;
the presence of multiple sclerosis;
circulatory problems;
shell shock.

Classification

There are several types of organ damage. It:

Classical. The signs of the disease and their manifestation do not differ from the traditional description of the pathology.
Inverted. Here, the symptoms are observed in a completely different side of the patient's body.
partial character. Symptoms may be absent or may be localized.

Judging by the reasons for the appearance of the Brown-Séquard syndrome, there are 4 types of the disease. Pathology can be:

traumatic;
infectious;
hematological;
tumor.

Symptoms and signs

Symptoms manifest themselves in many ways. Let's consider separately for each moment.

From the side of the spinal cord injury

There is paralysis (marked at the bottom of the affected area).
There is a reduced or complete lack of sensitivity (pain, temperature, etc.).
There is no sensation of some movements, vibrations.
The skin is red, constantly cold.
Trophic changes may occur.

On the healthy half of the body

There is no feeling of pain and tactile sensations in the area that is located below the affected area.
Partially there is no sensitivity in the area where there is a lesion of the spinal cord.

All of the above signs will be observed in the classical form of the Brown-Sequard syndrome, but in neurology there are other variants of the course of the disease, in which the symptoms are somewhat changed and supplemented.

When inverted

In the area where the spinal column is damaged, there is no skin sensitivity.
The healthy zone is affected by paresis, paralysis. There are also no tactile, temperature reactions. Muscle fibers also suffer.

With partial

There is a violation of motor activity, a lack of sensitivity in front or behind in the area where the spinal cord is damaged. A fourth part of the body suffers.
There were cases when any symptoms and signs of the disease were absent.

The presence of this or that symptom is also directly related to the stage of the disease, a factor that influenced the individual characteristics of the patient.

Based on the location of the lesion

It is also worth considering the symptoms, depending on where the focus is located.

C1-C2

The first or second cervical segment suffers. There is absolute paralysis of the arm that is in the affected side. The same happens with the leg, but on the other side. There is a partial loss of sensitivity in the area of the face, neck, muscles of the body from the side of the damaged area. On the other hand, sensitivity is dulled from below on the front area, on the neck and where the shoulder girdle is.

С3-С4

The third or fourth cervical segment is affected. There is spasmodic paralysis of the arm, leg - on the side of the lesion. There is also a dysfunction of the diaphragmatic muscle. On the healthy side, the arm and leg may not feel temperatures, etc.

C5-Th1

The first thoracic segment and the fifth cervical segment suffer. On the side of the lesion, paralysis of the legs, arms, loss of sensitivity (skin, muscles) is noted. On the other hand, there are problems with the perception by the skin of the surrounding influencing factors in the neck, hands and face.

Th2-Th12

The thoracic segments are damaged - from the 2nd to the 7th. In the side where there is a lesion, there is absolutely no perception of the influencing factors by the lower part of the body. From the healthy half, there is also a slight loss of sensitivity, especially noticeable in the lumbar region, legs and buttocks.

L1-L5, S1-S2

The first, second sacral segment and lumbar from the 1st to the 5th suffer. The affected side is characterized by paralysis and profound loss of sensation. The latter sometimes manifests itself from the other side in the perineal region.
Diagnostics

To accurately diagnose Brown-Séquard syndrome, you should undergo a complete examination. An integrated approach is important here.

Initially, the patient is examined by a doctor. By palpating, the specialist determines how much and in what places there is no sensitivity. An examination by a neurologist is required. Here it is checked:

whether the person himself moves;
can make any movements;
the patient's reaction to a particular passive movement.

It is necessary to find out how the patient reacts to temperature differences, pain, etc.

After that, direction is given to:

X-ray of the spinal column. Two projections are made. The integrity of the spine is checked.
MRI or CT. The vertebrae, nerve endings, choroid plexuses, spinal cord are examined, any injury to the area being examined is specified.

Treatment

The basis of the treatment of the disease involves the operation. The decompression method is used. Such surgical intervention is the elimination of compression of the vascular, nerve plexuses and the spinal cord itself.

There are two types of decompression (anterior and posterior). Which method to choose - the doctor decides. This takes into account the location of the pathology, its type, etc. In both cases, the surgeon will remove the pathological neoplasm that compresses the spinal cord. This is followed by the restoration of the spine, the nerve endings and blood vessels are sutured. If necessary, then immediately do the plastic of the spinal column.

After radical treatment, the patient is placed in a hospital. There is a restoration. To return motor activity and completely return to normal, physiotherapy exercises are prescribed. Exercise should be done daily and hard.

Sometimes medications are also prescribed. They are used both for the treatment and for the prevention of Brown-Séquard syndrome.

These include funds in the form of:

antioxidants, antihypoxants (vitamin E);
vitamin-like (thiamine);
cholinomimetics, anticholinesterase (distigmine bromide);
cholinolytic (trihexyphenidyl).

Few people manage to fully recover, the overall picture is satisfactory.

Consequences and complications

Brown-Séquard syndrome can cause:

severe pain in the back area;
hemorrhage that will occur in the area of the spinal cord;
improper functioning of the genitourinary, reproductive system, etc. (manifested in the inability to retain urine and feces, the appearance of constipation, lack of erection);
rupture in the spinal cord;
spinal shock.

Prevention

Preventive measures mean the exclusion of factors that affect the possible traumatism of the spinal region. It is necessary to observe all necessary safety measures (driving, playing sports, at work, etc.). An important role is played by timely admission to the hospital, in the presence of pain in the back area.

Exercise, swimming, etc. will also help strengthen your back muscles. You should also always pay attention to proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.

Conclusion

Brown-Séquard syndrome always manifests itself in different ways, there are no identical cases. Sometimes soreness is felt completely from the opposite side. The doctor is able to determine the type, stage of pathology after a comprehensive examination.

In which half of its diameter is affected, it is customary to call the Brown-Séquard syndrome. The pathological process is quite rare. Among diseases of the central nervous system, it occupies no more than 1-2%. The disease is named after the French neuropathologist and physiologist who first described the symptom complex at the end of the 19th century.

Classification

Violations in the area of influence of an unfavorable factor cause focal and radicular symptoms

The syndrome in its classic version, studied by the neurologist Charles Brown-Séquard, is rare. Usually the disease proceeds according to an alternative variant, which differs from the classical course in clinical manifestations. Depending on the symptoms of pathology, there are:

classic syndrome - the course of the disease is fully consistent with the traditional description;
inverted syndrome - classic symptoms appear on the opposite side of the body;
partial syndrome - some symptoms are absent or appear in areas of the body that do not correspond to the classical description.

Brown-Séquard syndrome can be caused by various adverse factors. Depending on the cause that influenced the onset of the disease, there are:

traumatic syndrome;
tumor syndrome;
hematogenous syndrome;
infectious-inflammatory syndrome.

The classification of the disease helps to correctly prescribe treatment and conduct follow-up after the end of therapy.

The reasons

The disease causes damage to the neurons of one half of the diameter of the spinal cord. The other half continues to function normally, however, neurological symptoms may also appear in this area.

Lead to the development of pathology:

injuries of the spinal column with damage to the tissue of the spinal cord (traffic accidents, falling on the back from a height, stab and gunshot wounds in the spine);
tumors from the tissue of the spinal cord and bone structures of the spine of a benign or malignant nature (sarcomas, neurinomas, gliomas, meningiomas);
violation of blood flow through the spinal vessels (epidural hematoma, spinal hemangioma, spinal cord stroke);
infectious and inflammatory myelopathy;
multiple sclerosis;
abscesses, phlegmon in the spine;
contusion and radiation exposure of the spinal cord.

Location of sensory and motor pathways in the spinal cord

Typically, Brown-Séquard syndrome develops as a result of road accidents, penetrating knife and gunshot wounds, tumor formations in the spinal cord.

Clinical picture

The disease is a neurological symptom complex - a set of symptoms, the nature of which depends on the level of damage to the spinal cord and the amount of altered nervous tissue.

Often, not the entire half of the diameter of the spinal cord is involved in the pathological process, but only certain areas with predominant localization in the anterior or posterior horns.

The classical variant of the disease is manifested by a complex of neurological symptoms.

On the affected side of the spinal cord:

below the level of damage to the nervous tissue, at the beginning of the disease, flaccid, and then spastic paralysis or paresis develops - increased muscle tone, which makes motor activity difficult and causes pain;
decrease in deep types of sensitivity - muscular-articular, vibrational, temperature, sensation of body weight;
vegetative-trophic disorders - vasodilation leads to reddening of skin areas, while the skin is cold to the touch, the formation of trophic ulcers and bedsores.

On the healthy side of the spinal cord:

below the level of damage to the nervous tissue, superficial types of sensitivity decrease - tactile (touch) and pain;
at the level of damage to the nervous tissue, a partial loss of sensitivity is noted.

It should be remembered that below the level of compression (squeezing) of the spinal cord, neurological disorders occur according to the conduction type, and at the level of exposure to a traumatic factor, according to the radicular and segmental type.

A change in superficial types of sensitivity on the healthy side of the spinal cord occurs as a result of the crossing of sensory fibers of this type with their transition to the opposite side. At the same time, motor fibers and nerve pathways of deep sensitivity in the spinal cord do not cross.

The syndrome causes pain in the area of damage, impaired motor functions and sensitive areas

The inverted variant of the disease differs from the classical manifestation of pathology.

On the affected side, sensitivity is reduced or absent, mainly of the deep type.
On the opposite side, motor disturbances occur in the form of paresis and paralysis, tactile, temperature sensitivity is reduced or absent, and the sensation of pain is disturbed.

The partial variant of the disease also has its own characteristics.

Disturbances in motor activity on the side of spinal cord injury are observed along the front or back surface of the body.
Lack of sensitivity develops in the same parts of the body where movement disorders appear.

The clinical manifestations of Brown-Séquard syndrome depend on the level of spinal cord injury. The higher the focus of the disease is located, the more parts of the body are subject to pathological changes. Thus, damage to the nervous tissue at the level of the cervical and first thoracic segments causes paralysis of the arms and legs of one half of the body, lack of sensitivity of these limbs and torso. A lesion at the level of the lower thoracic and lumbar segments contributes to paralysis of the leg and a violation of the sensitivity of the lumbar region, buttocks, skin and muscles of the lower limb.

With a severe course of the disease and untimely therapy, complications develop:

pain syndrome of high intensity in the back, chronic headaches;
violation of the functioning of organs located in the small pelvis (constipation, impotence, incontinence of feces and urine);
hemorrhage in the tissue of the spinal cord;
functional rupture of the spinal cord;

Surgery is the only effective method of treating the disease

Timely seeking medical help prevents the progression of pathology and the development of undesirable consequences.

Diagnosis and treatment

During the initial visit to a medical institution, the neuropathologist collects the patient's complaints, finds out when the symptoms of the disease appeared and identifies the factors that provoke the disease. The specialist examines the patient, checks neurological reflexes, assesses the degree of violation of sensitivity and motor activity of the affected part of the body. To confirm the diagnosis of Brown-Sequard syndrome, instrumental examination methods are prescribed.

1X-ray of the spine in direct and lateral projection helps to detect defects of the vertebrae and suggest damage to the tissue of the spinal cord.
2 Computed tomography (CT) allows you to detect changes not only in bone tissue, but also in the anatomical structures of the spinal cord, blood vessels, muscles, and nerve roots.
3Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a highly informative method with a layer-by-layer study of the area of damage to the spinal cord and spinal column, detection of disorders in bone structures and soft tissues.

Detection of compression of the spinal cord tissue during tomography

Treatment of the disease is carried out surgically. With the help of the operation, compression of the spinal cord by bone fragments of the vertebrae, hematomas, abscesses, neoplasms is eliminated, and normal blood flow is restored in the area of pathology. If necessary, plastic surgery of the spine is performed. During the recovery period, physiotherapy (ultrasound, UHF, diadynamic currents) and physiotherapy exercises are prescribed to normalize metabolic processes, activate blood circulation, and strengthen the muscular frame of the back.

Brown-Séquard syndrome is a rare neurological disease caused by damage to one half of the spinal cord. The pathological process proceeds according to different clinical variants, which differ in neurological manifestations. The disease is far from always amenable to a complete cure, but with a timely operation, it is possible to prevent the development of complications and improve the quality of life.

Back pain can appear for various reasons: they are provoked by mechanical injuries, diseases of the spine and neurological disorders.

In some cases, a patient who complains to a doctor hears from a specialist the diagnosis of "Brown-Sequard syndrome".

This is a symptom complex that develops with damage to half the diameter of the spinal cord. The disease is named after the French neurologist and physiologist Charles Edouard Brown-Secker, who described the condition in 1849.

In Brown Secker syndrome, sensitive and movement disorders associated with spinal cord injuries across.

The reasons

This disease occurs due to mechanical injuries, stab wounds, after car accidents, which caused a displaced facet fracture.

Also, the causes of the syndrome can be tumors, syringomyelia, hematomyelia, contusion of the spinal canal, circulatory disorders in the spine, epidural hematoma, multiple sclerosis, epiduritis.

But still, the most common cause of the Brown-Secker syndrome is a mechanical injury resulting from an accident, falling from a height, beating, etc.

The manifestation of the disease

There are several types of manifestations of the Brown-Secker syndrome.

In the classic version on the side of the lesion leg paralysis occurs or paresis. On the opposite side of the focus, there is no superficial sensitivity (pain and temperature).

At the level of the disease process (pathogenesis), the causes of the disease are:

at the level of the lesion - radicular and segmental disorders;
below the level of the lesion - the occurrence of conduction disorders.

In the true manifestation of the syndrome is rare, much more often there is a partial variant.

In the reverse view, there is no superficial sensitivity on the affected side, and paralysis and paresis occur on the opposite side.

Sometimes symptoms are observed only on the affected side, and there are no signs of the syndrome on the other side.

The manifestations of the Brown-Secker syndrome depend on the injury that the person received, how quickly he sought medical help, how the period immediately after the injury proceeded, how the spine was supplied with blood.

Symptoms

The manifestation and development of the disease depends on the nature of the course of the disease.

On the affected side:

there are peripheral and central paralysis below the level of damage;
the sense of touch disappears, body mass, vibrations, pressure and movements are not felt.
loss of temperature and pain sensitivity;
the skin turns red due to vasodilation, the skin becomes cold;
vascular disorders appear.

On the healthy side pain and tactile sensations disappear up to the level of damage, and at the level of damage there is a partial loss of sensitivity.

However, the symptoms of Brown-Secker syndrome may differ. It depends on the damage options.

Classical

On the side of the focus, paresis and paralysis of the legs are observed, deep, two-dimensional-spatial and discriminatory sensitivity is disturbed, vasomotor disorders and sweating disorders occur.

On the opposite side, violations of superficial sensitivity appear (partially tactile, pain and temperature), deep sensitivity disappears (muscles, tendons, joints).

If segments C1-C4 are affected, spastic hemiparesis and sensory disorders on the face occur, and if segments L1-S2, dysfunctions of the pelvic organs appear.

Inverted

Similar to the classic, but the symptoms are distributed in a different way.

On the side of the lesion, superficial sensitivity will disappear, and on the healthy side, paralysis and paresis appear, and muscular-articular feelings are disturbed.

There is another option: all symptoms occur only on the affected side. In some cases, disorders of pain, temperature and deep sensitivity and movement disorders are observed on the side of the focus.

Partial

Symptoms are absent or expressed zonally (“planar variant”, that is, violations are observed only on the front or back surface of the body).

The presence and characteristics of symptoms in Brown-Secker syndrome are explained by several factors:

Localization and nature of the focus. Localization can be extradural, intra- and extramedullary. The nature depends on the cause of occurrence (wounds, tumors, spinal cord contusion, etc.).
The sensitivity of the efferent and afferent systems of the spinal cord to hypoxia and compression.
Features of vascularization. For example, the paracial variant of the syndrome is observed with blood circulation in the anterior spinal artery, since in this case the joint-muscular sensitivity does not suffer. The posterior spinal artery is supplied by unaffected posterior cords.
The possibility of extraspinal transmission through the border sympathetic trunk of pain impulses.

Treatment

Treatment can be prescribed only by a doctor after the diagnosis and only in a neurosurgical hospital.

The only treatment option is surgery.

But first you need to get rid of the cause that provoked the appearance and development of the Brown-Secker syndrome: remove the tumor, cure inflammation, restore blood circulation, etc.

Treatment of the syndrome with syringomyelia is impossible. This is a genetic disease, methods of its treatment are not known to modern medicine.

During surgery, specialists eliminate the compression of the spinal cord, its roots and blood vessels. There are two types of decompression: back and front. They are selected depending on the location and type of compression.

When carrying out such operations, the main goal is to eliminate pathological formations that put pressure on the spinal cord.

The specialist can prescribe medications: Endur, Amaridin, Cyclodol, Vitamin E, Phenobarbital, Thiamine, Ubretid.

Brown-Secker syndrome in most cases occurs due to mechanical trauma to the spine, but can also be triggered by other diseases. Depending on the cause and location of the injury, symptoms may vary. But doctors can alleviate the patient's condition only with the help of surgery.