Factors that destroy health, their prevention. Abstract: Harmful factors affecting human health. Healthy lifestyle

Many of the habits that people acquire in school years and from which they then cannot get rid of throughout their lives, seriously harm their health. These habits contribute to the rapid expenditure of all reserves. human body, its premature aging and its acquisition various diseases. First of all, it is necessary to include tobacco smoking, the use of alcohol and drugs.

ALCOHOLISM

Alcohol (alcohol) is a narcotic poison. Dose 7–8 g pure alcohol per 1 kg of body weight is fatal to humans. According to the World Health Organization, alcoholism kills about 6 million people every year. The intake of even small doses of alcohol reduces performance, leads to fatigue, absent-mindedness, makes it difficult to correctly perceive events. Disturbances in balance, attention, perception of the environment, coordination of movements that occur during intoxication often become the cause of accidents. According to official figures, about 400,000 injuries are registered annually in the United States, received while intoxicated. In Moscow, up to 30% of those admitted to hospitals with severe injuries are people who are in a state of intoxication.

Alcohol has an extremely harmful effect on brain cells, paralyzing their activity and destroying them. Only 100 g of vodka destroys about 7.5 thousand cells.

The effect of alcohol on the liver is detrimental: with prolonged use, it develops chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver. The use of alcoholic beverages leads to heart rate, metabolic processes in the tissues of the heart and brain and irreversible changes in these tissues. Hypertension, ischemic disease heart and other cardiovascular diseases are twice as common in people who drink alcohol as in non-drinkers. Alcohol negatively affects the activity of the glands internal secretion and, above all, sexual: a decrease in sexual function is observed in 2/3 of persons who abuse alcohol. According to the World Health Organization, the death rate from different reasons in moderate drinkers is 3-4 times higher than in the general population. Average duration life at drinking people does not usually exceed 55-57 years.

The relationship between alcohol and crime is due to the formation of a violent type of personality under its influence. With the help of alcohol, criminals recruit accomplices, causing them to reduce self-control, making it easier to commit a crime.

Intoxication, accompanied by a weakening of inhibitions, loss of shame and real assessment the consequences of their actions, often pushes young people into casual sex. They often result in unwanted pregnancy, abortion, infection with sexually transmitted diseases. According to statistics, 90% of syphilis infections and about 95% of gonorrhea infections (both in men and women) occur while intoxicated.

Medicine claims that a third of women who drink alcohol have premature babies, and a quarter have dead ones. It is known that conception while drunk is fraught with great danger for the future child. Surveys showed that out of 100 examined children with epileptics, 60 parents used alcohol, and 40 out of 100 mentally retarded children had parents who were alcoholics.

Even in ancient times, mankind struggled with the abuse of alcohol. In China and Egypt in the second millennium BC. e. drunkards were subjected to severe and humiliating punishments. Africa in the 6th century BC e. the sale of undiluted wine was banned. In Sparta in the 5th century. BC e. under pain of severe punishment, the consumption of alcohol by young people was forbidden, especially on the day of the wedding. in Rome in the 3rd century. BC e. there was a ban on drinking wine for persons under 30 years of age. The ancient Roman politician, philosopher and writer Seneca Lucius Annei wrote about 2 thousand years ago: “A drunk person does a lot of things, from which, when sober, he blushes, intoxication is nothing but voluntary madness. Drunkenness both kindles and exposes every vice, destroying shame, which does not allow us to do bad deeds. Drunkenness does not create vices, but only exposes them. A drunk man does not remember himself, his words are meaningless and incoherent, his eyes see vaguely, his legs are tangled, his head is spinning so that the roof starts to move. General drunkenness led to great disasters: it betrayed the most brave and warlike tribes to the enemy, it opened fortresses defended for many years in stubborn battles, it pacified the undefeated in battle.

Ferocity is inseparable from the addiction to wine, because hops harm the sound mind and harden it; people become irritable, so that the slightest offense infuriates them, just as the soul becomes fierce from incessant drunkenness. When she is often out of her mind, the vices, strengthened by habitual madness, having arisen in hops, do not lose their strength without it. If someone proves with some arguments that a sage, no matter how much wine he drinks, will not go astray. the right way, - then you can build such conclusions: the sage will not die after drinking poison, he will not fall asleep after drinking sleeping pills.

Physiologist Academician I.P. Pavlov said not so long ago: “What use can there be from a poison that drives people into a state of insanity, pushes them to crime, makes them sick, poisons the existence of not only the drinkers themselves, but also those around them? Since the unconditional harm of alcohol has been proven from a scientific and hygienic point of view, there can be no question of scientific approval of the consumption of small or moderate doses of alcohol.

TOBACCOSMOKING

Tobacco smoking (nicotinism)- a bad habit that consists in inhaling the smoke of smoldering tobacco - this is one of the forms of substance abuse.

active start Tobacco smoke is nicotine, which almost instantly enters the bloodstream through the alveoli of the lungs. In addition to nicotine, tobacco smoke contains carbon monoxide, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, essential oils and a concentrate of liquid and solid combustion products called tobacco tar. The latter consists of about a hundred chemical compounds and substances, including the radioactive isotope of potassium, arsenic, aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons - carcinogens ( chemical substances, whose exposure to the body can cause cancer).

Tobacco has a harmful effect on many organs and systems of the human body.

The mouth and nasopharynx are the first to come into contact with tobacco smoke. The temperature of the smoke in the oral cavity reaches about 50–60 °C. To introduce smoke from the mouth and nasopharynx into the lungs, the smoker inhales a portion of the air. The temperature of the air entering the mouth is about 40 °C lower than the temperature of the smoke. This temperature difference leads over time to the appearance of microscopic cracks on the enamel of the teeth. Therefore, the teeth of smokers begin to decay earlier than those of non-smokers.

Toxic substances contained in tobacco smoke, with the smoker's saliva, enter the gastric mucosa, which often leads to gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Constant smoking, as a rule, is accompanied by bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchi with damage to their mucous membrane).

In the lungs of a smoker tobacco smoke saturates the blood carbon monoxide, which, when combined with hemoglobin, excludes part of it from the respiration process. Coming oxygen starvation, which primarily affects the heart muscle.

Hydrocyanic acid chronically poisons the nervous system. Ammonia irritates the mucous membranes, reduces the resistance of the lungs to various infectious diseases especially for tuberculosis.

The main destructive effect on the human body during smoking is nicotine. This is a strong poison: lethal dose for a person is 1 mg per 1 kg of body weight, i.e. about 50-70 mg for a teenager. Death can occur if a teenager immediately smokes about half a pack of cigarettes.

The German professor Tannenberg calculated that at the present time, one death in a million people as a result of air crashes occurs 1 time in 50 years; drinking alcohol - every 4-5 days, car accidents - every 2-3 days, smoking - every 2-3 hours.

Inhalation of smoky tobacco air (passive smoking) leads to the same diseases that smokers suffer from. Research has shown that the risk of passive smoking very real. The smoke from a lit cigarette left in an ashtray or in the smoker's hand is not the smoke that the smoker inhales. The smoker inhales the smoke that has passed through the filter of the cigarette, while the non-smoker inhales completely unfiltered smoke. This smoke contains 50 times more carcinogens, twice as much tar and nicotine, 5 times more carbon monoxide and 50 times more ammonia than smoke inhaled through a cigarette. For people working in highly smoky areas, secondhand smoke levels can reach the equivalent of 14 cigarettes a day. There is strong evidence of an increase in lung cancer among non-smokers who live with smokers. Independent studies in the United States, Japan, Greece and Germany have shown that non-smoking spouses of smokers develop lung cancer 2-3 times more often than the wives of non-smokers.

Currently, smoking has deeply entered the life of many people, has become an everyday occurrence. In the world, about 50% of men and 25% of women smoke. According to experts, addiction to smoking is one of the varieties of drug addiction: people smoke not because they want to smoke, but because they cannot quit this habit. Indeed, it is easy to start smoking, but it is very difficult to stop smoking.

In many economically developed countries of the world (USA, Canada, Japan, England, Sweden, Norway), over the past decades, thanks to the introduction and implementation of anti-nicotine programs, there has been significant reduction the number of smokers. The main direction in conducting anti-nicotine programs is preventive work among children and youth. In Russia, unfortunately, the number of smokers has increased by about 14% over the past 10 years.

DRUG AND TOXIC ABUSE

Since the beginning of the 90s of the last century, the international drug mafia has been considering Russia as a new vast market for the sale of narcotic drugs. Day by day, drug addiction in our country is becoming more and more menacing: for last years the number of drug addicts in the country has increased by about 3.5 times. Its geography is expanding, the range of narcotic and psychotropic substances in circulation is increasing.

AT Russian Federation narcotic substances include morphine, caffeine, heroin, promedol, cocaine, nervitin, ephedrine, hashish (anasha, marijuana), LSD, ecstasy and some others.

Addictions and substance abuse develop gradually. Initially, the use of psychoactive substances is usually associated with the desire to just try and starts with isolated cases, then becomes more frequent and finally systematic. The period of episodic single use is the beginning of the disease, and the transition to regular drug use or toxic substances indicates the appearance of dependence, i.e. serious illness. How is this dependence formed?

Each person has a pleasure center in the brain that provides him with good mood responding to certain actions and processes. We solved a difficult problem - pleasure, met friends - again pleasure, had a delicious lunch - again pleasure. A person feels such a state due to the special regulatory substances in his body - neurotransmitters. According to their composition, neurotransmitters are psychoactive substances. Their concentration in the body is negligible. It is they who provide the natural pleasures that a person experiences as a result of his life activity.

A completely different picture occurs after the artificial introduction of psychoactive substances (nicotine, alcohol, drugs) into the body. Firstly, the body does not regulate the amount of artificially introduced substances, an overdose may occur. Secondly, artificially introduced psychoactive substances weaken the body and make it more susceptible to various diseases. Thirdly, opportunities to enjoy natural behavior are reduced. Fourthly, the body gradually gets used to psychoactive substances and can no longer do without them.

Initially, the attraction to the drug manifests itself at the level of mental dependence: the drug is needed to restore normal mental condition. If it is not accepted, then Bad mood, increased irritability, reduced efficiency, obsessive desires will appear. Then the attraction begins to manifest itself at the level physical addiction: without a dose of the drug, a person has a breakdown in work nervous system and internal organs. With the advent of physical dependence, a person's behavior and his vital interests begin to change. A person at this stage becomes unrestrained, embittered, suspicious and touchy. He develops indifference to the fate of loved ones and to own fate. Gradually, the body of a drug addict (drug addict) is destroyed and decrepit physically. Weaken him defensive forces resulting in the development of any infectious and non-infectious diseases.

Experts note that the first drug test sometimes occurs at 8-10 years old, but most often it happens at 11-13 years old. In most cases, people who start using drugs can never get rid of this addiction. Why do they embark on the path of voluntary self-destruction?

There are several reasons for this, but the main one is the following: drugs bring huge profits to drug dealers, amounting to billions of dollars. For this they are ready for anything. Therefore, a whole series of myths has been created to promote drugs: drugs are “serious” and “non-serious (light)”; drugs make a person free; they help solve life's problems. In addition, children, adolescents and young adults develop misconception: even if you try a drug, you will not become a drug addict, but you can overcome the habit and stop using them at any time.

All this is a terrible deception, its goal is to attract as much as possible more people to drug use and earn a lot of money from it.

Remember! Taking drugs is not a way to get away from problems, these are new, more complex and scary problems.

If this misfortune happened, contact the specialists at the narcological dispensary. Do not be afraid. The results of treatment will be good if you seek help yourself, if you are frank, contact your doctor, control your condition.

Quitting drugs is not a sign of weakness, but, on the contrary, a sign of strength of character and strength of personality.

PREVENTION OF THE USE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

The fight against drugs is going on all over the world, including in our country. In 1998, the Russian Federation adopted the federal law RF "About drugs and psychotropic substances”, which establishes a ban on taking drugs without a doctor’s prescription. Citizens who are involved in illegal trafficking (manufacturing, acquisition, storage, transportation, sale) of narcotic and psychotropic drugs, are subject to criminal liability in accordance with the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. They are punished by imprisonment for a term of 2 to 15 years. There are special structures in the country to combat the illegal distribution of drugs. However, despite the measures taken, notable progress in the fight against drug addiction has not been achieved. This happens primarily because people do not realize enough how dangerous drugs are. They still do not understand that a drug is a causative agent of the disease, which, once in the human body, triggers an irreversible destructive process. This happens during the first test (reception) of the drug. The latent period of the disease begins.

In total, physicians distinguish three stages in the development of this disease (Scheme 10).

Prevention of drug addiction should be aimed, first of all, at preventing the first use of a psychoactive substance, at forming a person’s solid life attitude: in any setting and under any conditions to prevent drug sampling. Experience shows that in adolescence the desire to take the drug arises only in the company of peers. It can happen on the street, at a disco, at a concert of a popular musical group when you want to be like everyone else, cheerful, relaxed, forget about all the problems.

The main rules for the prevention of substance use are formulated in four "No!".

Rule one: constantly working out a firm “No!” taking any drugs and toxic agents, in any dose, in any setting, in any company: always only "No!".

Second rule: developing the ability to enjoy useful daily activities ( good studies, sports, leisure in nature), which means a firm “No!” idleness, boring and uninteresting life, idleness.

Many habits that people acquire during their school years and which they then cannot get rid of throughout their lives seriously harm their health. These habits contribute to the rapid consumption of all the reserves of the human body, its premature aging and the acquisition of various diseases. First of all, it is necessary to include tobacco smoking, the use of alcohol and drugs.

Alcoholism

Alcohol (alcohol) is a narcotic poison. A dose of 7-8 g of pure alcohol per 1 kg of body weight is fatal for humans. According to the World Health Organization, alcoholism annually claims about 6 million human lives. Taking even small doses of alcohol lowers efficiency, leads to fatigue, absent-mindedness, and makes it difficult to correctly perceive events. Disturbances in balance, attention, perception of the environment, coordination of movements that occur during intoxication often become the cause of accidents. According to official figures, about 400,000 injuries are registered annually in the United States, received while intoxicated. In Moscow, up to 30% of those admitted to hospitals with severe injuries are people who are in a state of intoxication.

Alcohol has an extremely harmful effect on brain cells, paralyzing their activity and destroying them. Only 100 g of vodka destroys about 7.5 thousand cells.

The effect of alcohol on the liver is detrimental: with prolonged use, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver develop. The use of alcoholic beverages leads to a violation of the heart rhythm, metabolic processes in the tissues of the heart and brain, and irreversible changes in these tissues. Hypertension, coronary heart disease and other diseases of cardio-vascular system twice as common in people who drink alcohol than in non-drinkers. Alcohol negatively affects the activity of the endocrine glands and, above all, the sex glands: a decrease in sexual function is observed in 2/3 of persons who abuse alcohol. According to the World Health Organization, the mortality rate from various causes in moderate drinkers is 3-4 times higher than in the general population. The average life expectancy of drinking people usually does not exceed 55-57 years.

Intoxication, accompanied by the weakening of deterrents, the loss of a sense of shame and a real assessment of the consequences of their actions, often pushes young people into casual sex. They often result in unwanted pregnancy, abortion, infection with sexually transmitted diseases. According to statistics, 90% of syphilis infections and about 95% of gonorrhea infections (both in men and women) occur while intoxicated.

Medicine claims that a third of women who drink alcohol have premature babies, and a quarter have dead ones. It is known that conceiving while drunk is fraught with great danger to the unborn child. Surveys showed that out of 100 examined epileptic children, 60 parents used alcohol, and 40 out of 100 mentally retarded children had parents who were alcoholics.

Even in ancient times, mankind struggled with the abuse of alcohol. In China and Egypt in the second millennium BC. e. drunkards were subjected to severe and humiliating punishments. Africa in the 6th century BC e. the sale of undiluted wine was banned. In Sparta in the 5th century. BC e. under pain of severe punishment, the consumption of alcohol by young people was forbidden, especially on the day of the wedding. in Rome in the 3rd century. BC e. there was a ban on drinking wine for persons under 30 years of age. The ancient Roman politician, philosopher and writer Seneca Lucius Annei wrote about 2 thousand years ago: “A drunk person does a lot of things, from which, when sober, he blushes, intoxication is nothing more than voluntary madness. Drunkenness both kindles and exposes every vice, destroying the shame that keeps us from bad deeds.Drunkenness does not create vices, but only exposes them.A drunk man does not remember himself, his words are meaningless and incoherent, his eyes see dimly, his legs are tangled, his head is spinning so that the roof starts to move.General drunkenness led to great disasters: it betrayed the most brave and warlike tribes to the enemy, it opened fortresses defended for many years in stubborn battles, it pacified the undefeated in battle.

Ferocity is inseparable from the addiction to wine, because hops harm the sound mind and harden it; people become irritable, so that the slightest offense infuriates them, just as the soul becomes fierce from incessant drunkenness. When she is often out of her mind, the vices, strengthened by habitual madness, having arisen in hops, do not lose their strength without it. If someone proves with some arguments that the sage, no matter how much wine he drinks, will not go astray, then such conclusions can be built: the sage will not die after drinking poison, he will not fall asleep after drinking sleeping pills.

Physiologist academician I. P. Pavlov said not so long ago: “What use can be from poison that drives people into a state of insanity, pushes them to crime, makes them sick, poisons the existence of not only the drinkers themselves, but also those around them? Since then , as the unconditional harm of alcohol from a scientific and hygienic point of view has been proven, there can be no question of scientific approval of the consumption of small or moderate doses of alcohol.

Tobacco smoking

Tobacco smoking (nicotinism)- a bad habit, which consists in inhaling the smoke of smoldering tobacco, is one of the forms of substance abuse.

The active principle of tobacco smoke is nicotine, which almost instantly enters the bloodstream through the alveoli of the lungs. In addition to nicotine, tobacco smoke contains carbon monoxide, hydrocyanic acid, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, ammonia, essential oils and a concentrate of liquid and solid combustion products called tobacco tar. The latter consists of about a hundred chemical compounds and substances, including a radioactive isotope of potassium, arsenic, aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons - carcinogens (chemicals whose effects on the body can cause cancer).

Tobacco has a harmful effect on many organs and systems of the human body.

The mouth and nasopharynx are the first to come into contact with tobacco smoke. The temperature of the smoke in the oral cavity reaches about 50-60°C. To introduce smoke from the mouth and nasopharynx into the lungs, the smoker inhales a portion of the air. The temperature of the air entering the mouth is about 40°C lower than the temperature of the smoke. This temperature difference leads over time to the appearance of microscopic cracks on the enamel of the teeth. Therefore, the teeth of smokers begin to decay earlier than those of non-smokers.

Toxic substances contained in tobacco smoke, with the smoker's saliva, enter the gastric mucosa, which often leads to gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Constant smoking, as a rule, is accompanied by bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchi with damage to their mucous membrane).

In the lungs of a smoker, tobacco smoke saturates the blood with carbon monoxide, which, by combining with hemoglobin, excludes part of it from the breathing process. Oxygen starvation sets in, as a result of which the heart muscle primarily suffers.

Hydrocyanic acid chronically poisons the nervous system. Ammonia irritates the mucous membranes, reduces the resistance of the lungs to various infectious diseases, in particular to tuberculosis.

The main destructive effect on the human body during smoking is nicotine. This is a strong poison: the lethal dose for humans is 1 mg per 1 kg of body weight, i.e., about 50-70 mg for a teenager. Death can occur if a teenager immediately smokes about half a pack of cigarettes.

Inhalation of smoky tobacco air (passive smoking) leads to the same diseases that smokers suffer from. Studies have shown that the dangers of passive smoking are very real. The smoke from a lit cigarette left in an ashtray or in the smoker's hand is not the smoke that the smoker inhales. The smoker inhales the smoke that has passed through the filter of the cigarette, while the non-smoker inhales completely unfiltered smoke. This smoke contains 50 times more carcinogens, twice as much tar and nicotine, 5 times more carbon monoxide and 50 times more ammonia than smoke inhaled through a cigarette. For people working in highly smoky areas, secondhand smoke levels can reach the equivalent of 14 cigarettes per day. There is strong evidence of an increase in lung cancer among non-smokers who live with smokers. Independent studies in the United States, Japan, Greece and Germany have shown that non-smoking spouses of smokers develop lung cancer 2-3 times more often than the wives of non-smokers.

Currently, smoking has deeply entered the life of many people, has become an everyday occurrence. In the world smokes about 50% of men and 25% of women. According to experts, addiction to smoking is one of the varieties of drug addiction: people smoke not because they want to smoke, but because they cannot quit this habit. Indeed, it is easy to start smoking, but it is very difficult to stop smoking.

In many economically developed countries of the world (USA, Canada, Japan, England, Sweden, Norway) over the past decades, thanks to the introduction and implementation of anti-nicotine programs, there has been a significant decrease in the number of smokers. The main direction in conducting anti-nicotine programs is preventive work among children and youth. In Russia, unfortunately, the number of smokers has increased by about 14% over the past 10 years.

Drug addiction and substance abuse

Since the beginning of the 90s of the last century, the international drug mafia has been considering Russia as a new vast market for the sale of narcotic drugs. Day by day, drug addiction in our country is becoming more and more menacing: in recent years, the number of drug addicts in the country has increased by about 3.5 times. Its geography is expanding, the range of narcotic and psychotropic substances in circulation is increasing.

In the Russian Federation, morphine, caffeine, heroin, promedol, cocaine, nervitin, ephedrine, hashish (anasha, marijuana), LSD, ecstasy and some others are classified as narcotic substances.

Addictions and substance abuse develop gradually. Initially, the use of psychoactive substances is usually associated with the desire to just try and starts with isolated cases, then becomes more frequent and finally systematic. The period of episodic single use is the beginning of the disease, and the transition to the regular use of drugs or toxic substances indicates the emergence of dependence, i.e., a serious illness. How is this dependence formed?

Each person in the brain has a pleasure center that provides him with a good mood, reacting to certain actions and processes. We solved a difficult problem - pleasure, met friends - again pleasure, had a delicious lunch - again pleasure. A person feels such a state due to the special regulatory substances present in his body - neurotransmitters. According to their composition, neurotransmitters are psychoactive substances. Their concentration in the body is negligible. It is they who provide the natural pleasures that a person experiences as a result of his life activity.

A completely different picture occurs after the artificial introduction of psychoactive substances (nicotine, alcohol, drugs) into the body. Firstly, the body does not regulate the amount of artificially introduced substances, an overdose may occur. Secondly, artificially introduced psychoactive substances weaken the body and make it more susceptible to various diseases. Thirdly, the opportunities to enjoy natural behavior are reduced. Fourthly, the body gradually gets used to psychoactive substances and can no longer do without them.

Initially, the attraction to the drug manifests itself at the level of mental dependence: the drug is needed to restore a normal mental state. If it is not accepted, then there will be a bad mood, increased irritability, reduced efficiency, obsessive desires will appear. Then the attraction begins to manifest itself at the level of physical dependence: without a dose of the drug, a person experiences a breakdown in the functioning of the nervous system and internal organs. With the advent of physical dependence, a person's behavior and his vital interests begin to change. A person at this stage becomes unrestrained, embittered, suspicious and touchy. He develops indifference to the fate of loved ones and to his own fate. Gradually, the body of a drug addict (drug addict) is destroyed and decrepit physically. Its defenses weaken, as a result of which the development of any infectious and non-infectious diseases is possible.

There are several reasons for this, but the main one is the following: drugs bring huge profits to drug dealers, amounting to billions of dollars. For this they are ready for anything. Therefore, a whole series of myths has been created to promote drugs: drugs are "serious" and "non-serious (light)"; drugs make a person free; they help solve life's problems. In addition, children, adolescents and young people form an erroneous opinion: even if you try a drug, you will not become an addict, but you can overcome the habit and stop using them at any time.

All this is a terrible deception, its goal is to attract as many people as possible to the consumption of drugs and earn a lot of money from it.

Remember! Taking drugs is not a way to get away from problems, these are new, more complex and scary problems.

If this misfortune happened - contact the specialists in the narcological dispensary. Do not be afraid. The results of treatment will be good if you seek help yourself, if you are frank, contact your doctor, control your condition.

Quitting drugs is not a sign of weakness, but, on the contrary, a sign of strength of character and personality.

Substance use prevention

The fight against drugs is going on all over the world, including in our country. In 1998, the Russian Federation adopted the Federal Law of the Russian Federation "On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances", which establishes a ban on taking drugs without a doctor's prescription. Citizens who are involved in illegal trafficking (manufacturing, acquisition, storage, transportation, sale) of narcotic and psychotropic drugs are held criminally liable in accordance with the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. They are punished by imprisonment for a term of 2 to 15 years. There are special structures in the country to combat the illegal distribution of drugs. However, despite the measures taken, notable progress in the fight against drug addiction has not been achieved. This happens primarily because people do not realize enough how dangerous drugs are. They still do not understand that a drug is a causative agent of the disease, which, once in the human body, starts an irreversible destructive process. This happens during the first test (reception) of the drug. The latent period of the disease begins.

In total, physicians distinguish three stages in the development of this disease (Scheme 10).

Prevention of drug addiction should be aimed, first of all, at preventing the first use of a psychoactive substance, at forming a person’s solid life attitude: in any setting and under any conditions to prevent drug sampling. Experience shows that in adolescence, the desire to take drugs arises only in the company of peers. This can happen on the street, at a disco, at a concert of a popular musical group, when you want to be like everyone else, cheerful, relaxed, forget about all the problems.

The main rules for the prevention of substance use are formulated in four "No!".

Rule one: constantly produce a firm "No!" taking any narcotic and toxic drugs, in any dose, in any setting, in any company: always only "No!".

Second rule: the formation of the ability to enjoy useful daily activities (good study, sports, outdoor activities), which means a firm "No!" idleness, boring and uninteresting life, idleness.

Scheme 10. Stages of development of drug addiction and substance abuse

Third rule: the ability to choose friends and comrades is of great importance; third "No!" those peers and the company where taking drugs is a common thing; To do this, you need to overcome your shyness, respect your opinion and not succumb to the influence of others.

Fourth rule: a firm "No!" his timidity and indecision when offered to try the drug.

Outdoor activities, activities physical culture and sports, expanding and deepening their knowledge, preparing for professional activities, for creating a strong, prosperous family - these are the best means for preventing addiction to psychoactive substances.

Read and write useful

ALCOHOLISM

Alcohol (alcohol) is a narcotic poison. A dose of 7-8 g of pure alcohol per 1 kg of body weight is fatal for humans. According to the World Health Organization, alcoholism kills about 6 million people every year. Taking even small doses of alcohol lowers efficiency, leads to fatigue, absent-mindedness, and makes it difficult to correctly perceive events. Disturbances in balance, attention, perception of the environment, coordination of movements that occur during intoxication often become the cause of accidents. According to official figures, about 400,000 injuries are registered annually in the United States, received while intoxicated. In Moscow, up to 30% of those admitted to hospitals with severe injuries are people who are in a state of intoxication.

Alcohol has an extremely harmful effect on brain cells, paralyzing their activity and destroying them. Only 100 g of vodka destroys about 7.5 thousand cells.

The effect of alcohol on the liver is detrimental: with prolonged use, chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver develop. The use of alcoholic beverages leads to a violation of the heart rhythm, metabolic processes in the tissues of the heart and brain, and irreversible changes in these tissues. Hypertension, coronary heart disease and other diseases of the cardiovascular system are twice as common in people who drink alcohol as in non-drinkers. Alcohol negatively affects the activity of the endocrine glands and, above all, the sex glands: a decrease in sexual function is observed in 2/3 of persons who abuse alcohol. According to the World Health Organization, the mortality rate from various causes in moderate drinkers is 3-4 times higher than in the general population. The average life expectancy of drinking people usually does not exceed 55-57 years.

Even in ancient times, mankind struggled with the abuse of alcohol. In China and Egypt in the second millennium BC. e. drunkards were subjected to severe and humiliating punishments. Africa in the 6th century BC e. the sale of undiluted wine was banned. In Sparta in the 5th century. BC e. under pain of severe punishment, the consumption of alcohol by young people was forbidden, especially on the day of the wedding. in Rome in the 3rd century. BC e. there was a ban on drinking wine for persons under 30 years of age. The ancient Roman politician, philosopher and writer Seneca Lucius Annei wrote about 2 thousand years ago: “A drunk person does a lot of things, from which, when sober, he blushes, intoxication is nothing more than voluntary madness. Drunkenness both kindles and exposes every vice, destroying shame, which does not allow us to do bad deeds. Drunkenness does not create vices, but only exposes them. A drunk man does not remember himself, his words are meaningless and incoherent, his eyes see vaguely, his legs are tangled, his head is spinning so that the roof starts to move. General drunkenness led to great disasters: it betrayed the most brave and warlike tribes to the enemy, it opened fortresses defended for many years in stubborn battles, it pacified the undefeated in battle.

Ferocity is inseparable from the addiction to wine, because hops harm the sound mind and harden it; people become irritable, so that the slightest offense infuriates them, just as the soul becomes fierce from incessant drunkenness. When she is often out of her mind, the vices, strengthened by habitual madness, having arisen in hops, do not lose their strength without it. If someone proves with some arguments that the sage, no matter how much wine he drinks, will not go astray, then such conclusions can be built: the sage will not die after drinking poison, he will not fall asleep after drinking sleeping pills.

TOBACCOSMOKING

Tobacco smoking (nicotinism)- a bad habit, which consists in inhaling the smoke of smoldering tobacco, is one of the forms of substance abuse.

Tobacco has a harmful effect on many organs and systems of the human body.

The mouth and nasopharynx are the first to come into contact with tobacco smoke. The temperature of the smoke in the oral cavity reaches about 50-60 °C. To introduce smoke from the mouth and nasopharynx into the lungs, the smoker inhales a portion of the air. The temperature of the air entering the mouth is about 40 °C lower than the temperature of the smoke. This temperature difference leads over time to the appearance of microscopic cracks on the enamel of the teeth. Therefore, the teeth of smokers begin to decay earlier than those of non-smokers.

Toxic substances contained in tobacco smoke, with the smoker's saliva, enter the gastric mucosa, which often leads to gastric and duodenal ulcers.

Constant smoking, as a rule, is accompanied by bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchi with damage to their mucous membrane).

Hydrocyanic acid chronically poisons the nervous system. Ammonia irritates the mucous membranes, reduces the resistance of the lungs to various infectious diseases, in particular to tuberculosis.

Inhalation of smoky tobacco air (passive smoking) leads to the same diseases that smokers suffer from. Studies have shown that the dangers of passive smoking are very real. The smoke from a lit cigarette left in an ashtray or in the smoker's hand is not the smoke that the smoker inhales. The smoker inhales the smoke that has passed through the filter of the cigarette, while the non-smoker inhales completely unfiltered smoke. This smoke contains 50 times more carcinogens, twice as much tar and nicotine, 5 times more carbon monoxide and 50 times more ammonia than smoke inhaled through a cigarette. For people working in highly smoky areas, secondhand smoke levels can reach the equivalent of 14 cigarettes a day. There is strong evidence of an increase in lung cancer among non-smokers who live with smokers. Independent studies in the United States, Japan, Greece and Germany have shown that non-smoking spouses of smokers develop lung cancer 2-3 times more often than the wives of non-smokers.

DRUG AND TOXIC ABUSE

Since the beginning of the 90s of the last century, the international drug mafia has been considering Russia as a new vast market for the sale of narcotic drugs. Day by day, drug addiction in our country is becoming more and more menacing: in recent years, the number of drug addicts in the country has increased by about 3.5 times. Its geography is expanding, the range of narcotic and psychotropic substances in circulation is increasing.

In the Russian Federation, morphine, caffeine, heroin, promedol, cocaine, nervitin, ephedrine, hashish (anasha, marijuana), LSD, ecstasy and some others are classified as narcotic substances.

Addictions and substance abuse develop gradually. Initially, the use of psychoactive substances is usually associated with the desire to just try and starts with isolated cases, then becomes more frequent and finally systematic. The period of episodic single use is the beginning of the disease, and the transition to the regular use of drugs or toxic substances indicates the emergence of dependence, i.e., a serious illness. How is this dependence formed?

A completely different picture occurs after the artificial introduction of psychoactive substances (nicotine, alcohol, drugs) into the body. Firstly, the body does not regulate the amount of artificially introduced substances, an overdose may occur. Secondly, artificially introduced psychoactive substances weaken the body and make it more susceptible to various diseases. Thirdly, the opportunities to enjoy natural behavior are reduced. Fourthly, the body gradually gets used to psychoactive substances and can no longer do without them.

There are several reasons for this, but the main one is the following: drugs bring huge profits to drug dealers, amounting to billions of dollars. For this they are ready for anything. Therefore, a whole series of myths has been created to promote drugs: drugs are “serious” and “non-serious (light)”; drugs make a person free; they help solve life's problems. In addition, children, adolescents and young people form an erroneous opinion: even if you try a drug, you will not become an addict, but you can overcome the habit and stop using them at any time.

All this is a terrible deception, its goal is to attract as many people as possible to the consumption of drugs and earn a lot of money from it.

Remember! Taking drugs is not a way to get away from problems, these are new, more complex and scary problems.

Quitting drugs is not a sign of weakness, but, on the contrary, a sign of strength of character and personality.

PREVENTION OF THE USE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

In total, physicians distinguish three stages in the development of this disease (Scheme 10).

Prevention of drug addiction should be aimed, first of all, at preventing the first use of a psychoactive substance, at forming a person’s solid life attitude: in any setting and under any conditions to prevent drug sampling. Experience shows that in adolescence, the desire to take drugs arises only in the company of peers. This can happen on the street, at a disco, at a concert of a popular musical group, when you want to be like everyone else, cheerful, relaxed, forget about all the problems.

The main rules for the prevention of substance use are formulated in four "No!".

Rule one: constantly working out a firm “No!” taking any narcotic and toxic drugs, in any dose, in any setting, in any company: always only “No!”.

Second rule: the formation of the ability to enjoy useful daily activities (good study, sports, outdoor activities), which means a firm “No!” idleness, boring and uninteresting life, idleness.

Fourth rule: a firm "No!" his timidity and indecision when offered to try the drug.

Active recreation in nature, physical culture and sports, expansion and deepening of their knowledge, preparation for professional activity to the creation of a strong prosperous family is the best means for the prevention of addiction to psychoactive substances.

26. 03.2017

Catherine's blog
Bogdanova

Good afternoon, dear readers and guests of the Family and Childhood website. Today I want to talk about what our body is and what factors affect its strengthening and destruction. In all my life I have not seen a single adequate person who would say that he does not want to be healthy. When something starts to hurt, the desire to get rid of torment is the main, and sometimes the only, desire.

The notion that it is easier, better and cheaper to prevent a problem than to deal with it later looks absolutely logical. But why then are there so few truly healthy and physically developed people? There are two obvious reasons. The first one expresses the human mentality: “What we have, we don’t store, but if we lose it, we cry.” The second is more prosaic: for the most part, people are extremely vaguely aware of what exactly these three words mean: “Healthy lifestyle”.

Factors that destroy our body.

All human actions can be divided into three categories: destroying the body, neutral and strengthening it. To be too principled, in most neutral actions one can find a bias in one direction or another, so we will consider only two extreme cases. The most massive and, oddly enough, obvious damage to the body is caused by a person using all kinds of poisons.

Their first group refers to substances that stimulate a sense of satisfaction. It is clear that these include narcotic substances, alcohol, nicotine, stimulants and antidepressants. The main threat from the use of these substances is not a one-time damage to health, but the body's ability to adapt to stress, which makes it necessary to increase the dose or concentration. Their negative influence is so obvious that stop this doesn't make sense.

Man is what he eats and drinks. This formulation is not just a spectacular expression, but reflects reality, because body cells are constantly regenerating, and the building material for their formation is taken from what comes into us. If there are not so many options with water (the choice mainly consists of tap and purchased water, and it’s not a fact that one of them is better), then our food is completely dependent on us.

According to statistics, in developed countries, three out of four people die from problems of the cardiovascular system. The lion's share of these victims falls on people suffering from atherosclerosis, which is a consequence of malnutrition. To prevent such problems, such concepts as fast food, fatty confectionery products should be completely excluded from our lives, the consumption of animal fats should be minimized and the frequency of meals should be monitored.

Daily Meal Plan average a person looks like this: in the morning a sandwich with coffee (or even just coffee); afternoon snacks from anything: fast food, cookies, sweets; in the evening a massive dinner with a huge amount of carbohydrates. This results in extreme immunosuppression, early local fat deposition, weak vestigial musculature and, over time, institutional status.

A healthy lifestyle in the field of nutrition consists in planning the day around meals and carefully considering the menu. Doing this is quite difficult and troublesome, but the result is worth it.

The next factor that destroys the body is the negative psychological background . The state of chronic stress, and even more so clinical depression, methodically destroys our body from the inside. In this state, all attempts to restore physical health will be useless, because. the body itself will hinder you, gathering all its strength to fight a non-existent enemy.

The issue of getting out of this state is extremely complex and requires professional intervention, as well as maximum concentration on the positive aspects of life. From the above destructive factors this is the most serious, because. depresses the very motivation for recovery. In the fight against this condition, it is necessary to apply all methods that stimulate the release of serotonin: from physical exertion to extreme sensations.

Factors that strengthen the body

Oddly enough, all human actions that strengthen the body can be characterize such an unpleasant word "stress". Our body is daily attacked from all sides. In the field of microbiology, we are attacked by pathogenic viruses and bacteria, in everyday life we get tired, which is the process of depletion of glycogen stores in the muscles, get injured, lack sleep, malnourishment, deplete the reserves of mental strength, etc.

Any of these threats would be fatal for us if the body was not prepared for it by constant training. Imagine an astronaut whose physical development is an order of magnitude higher than the level of an ordinary person. But after a few months in orbit, he visually turns into a decrepit invalid. He practically cannot move independently, cannot be in the open air due to harmful microbes. What happened to the superman during this time?

The answer is obvious: these few months his body has not been subjected to constant stress and has lost fitness. Our body reacts to external stimuli in exactly the same way. If a person does not experience regular physical activity, then his immunity will crumble to dust at the first threat of the disease.

The same can be said about our mental abilities. If you put you next to a student, for example, in the 8th grade and start asking questions about his school curriculum, then I'm afraid you will not stand the competition. This does not mean that you are dumber than him, but only that for his brain it was regular, and yours all this time rested from it.

Based on everything the above one can finally imagine the real meaning of the expression “healthy lifestyle”. This is a comprehensive description of actions in the physical, mental and psychological areas aimed at strengthening the protective functions of the body, its regular training and improvement. One of the main reasons for non-compliance with these principles is simple human laziness - a terrible disease that requires constant struggle with oneself.

In addition, a healthy lifestyle is quite expensive and takes away, at times, a lot of free time. One mention of a daily six meals a day shocks many. But the savings here will most likely be temporary. When a person is young and full of energy, he, without hesitation, does his best to earn.

But over the years, he will be ready to give everything he has earned, just to regain his lost health. Everyone has to choose their own path, but it should be remembered that sooner or later, all our actions will have an adequate reaction.

That's all for today. I hope you make up your mind and take care of your health. This is very relevant in our time. Don't forget to subscribe to the blog update and share the article on social networks with your friends. All for now, for now.

Sincerely, Ekaterina Bogdanova

1. Psychological stress- destructive, devastating, debilitating.

2. Low quality bioenergy when we get angry, offended, worried, etc.

4. Conservative treatment leads to poisoning of the body with chemical drugs, destruction digestive system antibiotics.

5. Dehydration. This is really a problem at the present time, because neither tea, nor coffee, nor compotes, and even more so carbonated drinks, are not the water that our cells need. the body has to break intermolecular bonds in order to separate water molecules. But even this is not enough, because cells can only absorb water with a certain acid-base balance, surface tension, structure, redox potential. To ensure optimal conditions spent great amount energy, and if it is not enough, then water stagnates in the intercellular space, forming edema, and the cells die, unable to eat, cleanse, multiply, giving rise to diseases. The blood becomes thick, viscous, low in oxygen. After all, aging is nothing but dehydration!

6. Malnutrition. Our food is increasingly becoming refined, canned, flavored, so-called "improved". But the body needs nutritious and building materials for life and tissue regeneration, therefore, in many ways, food is not absorbed and cannot be excreted. It leads to overweight, allergic and toxic reactions.

7. sedentary image life leads to the fact that the lymph flowing from the bottom to the top cannot move normally, because muscle contractions provide its movement. And this means that the body is slagging, toxins accumulate in the organs.

8. Unfavorable environmental situation. Polluted air and water, oversaturation with electromagnetic radiation, lead to the fact that a huge amount of toxic elements enter the body - free radicals that destroy cells.

9. In the 60s, the slogan was very popular - “ Chemistry to life!”. Now we are seeing how chemistry has firmly taken its positions, and life remains less and less!

10. Injuries as a result of carelessness or mental stress.

11. hereditary factors. In fact, they take up only 5% of the general list causes of diseases.

12. Bad habits, as a conscious destruction of your body, its well-coordinated work.

These 12 causes that interfere with the work of 12 systems lead to the appearance of countless different diseases, although all of them will be based on the same destructive factors. Moreover, over the past hundred years, the causes of human mortality have radically changed. If in the 19th - early 20th centuries people died partly from injuries and epidemics, but mainly from old age (80-100 years), now mainly from chronic diseases(50-70 years).