Diabetes is the third leading cause of death in our country. One of the main ones is malnutrition. As a result, the patient's risk of heart attack, stroke, gangrene, partial and then complete loss of vision, and renal failure increases dramatically.

Diabetes occurs in two forms:

• The first affects young people and occurs in 5-10% of patients with this disease.
• The second applies to adults over 40 years of age.

And if the prevention of the first type of diabetes, unfortunately, has not yet been created, then the second type of the disease can be successfully prevented. How to prolong your life without diabetes, read on.

The title itself contains main reason disease is sugar. Of course, in a small amount this product will not bring any harm to health, and even more so, life. However, its excess can provoke a number of troubles that manifest themselves as a result of diabetes.

1. The first moment that serves as a catalyst for diabetes is food. It's about about the consumption of excessive amounts of sweet, starchy foods, as well as alcoholic beverages.
2. The second situation that causes the disease is the lack of regular physical activity. This applies to patients who practice sedentary image life without going to the gym and physical activity.

As a result of the above, sugar accumulates in the blood of a person.

If the body does not process sugar during movement, exercise, sugar is still in the vessels, which eventually leads to terrible complications.

Excess sugar turns into fat, so a sharp jump in weight, obesity may indicate increased risk get diabetes.

General diet rules

The simplest and most popular method of preventing this disease is to control your menu. You must adjust the amount of carbohydrates you eat, as well as total number daily calories.

• Carbohydrates put a strain on the pancreas, and an excessive amount of calories leads to obesity.
• It is also important to stick to the diet. The best option- divide the amount of daily food into 5-6 meals.
• If you eat a lot of meals per day in 1-2 doses, the body begins to worry that the next time you feed it will not be soon, so it begins to store energy on the sides, forming a "lifeline" at the waist.
• Try not to overeat. Besides, great attention should be given to the technique of cooking. The most useful of all will be steamed, boiled, and also baked in the oven.

calories

To prevent diabetes, reduce the number of calories consumed. This question is individual for everyone, but it is worth remembering that weight should be dropped gradually, not to starve. At the same time, the number of calories eaten per day should not be lower than 1200 kcal for female patients, and 1500 kcal for male patients.

The diet should minimize the amount of fatty meat, fat, creamy and vegetable oil, sugar, sweet pastries, sweets, white bread, nuts and seeds.

It should also be remembered that fruits such as potatoes, bananas, figs, grapes contain a large number of carbohydrates. It is not worth excluding these vegetables and fruits altogether, but it is necessary to control their consumption.

But unsweetened varieties of apples, cabbage, zucchini, pumpkin, cucumbers, eggplant and tomatoes contain significantly less carbohydrates.

• Prepare meals based on them. Firstly, you will always be full, and secondly, excess weight at proper preparation will not increase.
• For garnish instead mashed potatoes and white bread, give preference to corn, buckwheat, millet, oatmeal, and barley porridge.
• In order not to leave the body without proteins, instead of fatty meat, eat fish, low-fat dairy products, and also lean varieties meat.

Pressure control

Patients suffering from hypertension are more amenable to malfunctions in carbohydrate metabolism than those who have normal pressure. So if you are watching frequent increase blood pressure, control blood sugar levels. The sooner you learn about the disease, the easier and faster you can prevent its development.

According to studies, 60% of patients with hypertension have big risk diabetes mellitus.

And vice versa. If you have been diagnosed with diabetes, monitor your blood pressure. As you know, complications from this disease affect the vessels of the heart, eyes, and lower extremities.

Normal arterial pressure 130/80. If you have 140/90 and above, this is an occasion to consult a doctor and take medication.

Alcohol consumption

In alcohol, in terms of diabetes, the sugar content is detrimental. If you use it in excess of the norm, the disease will begin to progress. However, this does not mean that once every six months you cannot drink a little wine on the occasion of the holiday.

Doctors claim that daily rate alcohol consumption should not exceed 15 g pure alcohol(ethanol).

Many people say that beer is a very high-calorie drink. In fact, beer contains relatively little alcohol. Its harm to the figure is the abundance of snacks that are usually served with a drink.

Diabetes is a very dangerous disease in which the body loses the ability to absorb glucose. Unfortunately, none of us is immune from the development of this terrible disease. The development of diabetes is largely predisposed by a hereditary factor that we are not able to influence. However, there are other circumstances that can act as a "trigger" to the emergence sugar disease. All of them are connected exclusively with the way of life and may well be adjusted. So, the risk of developing diabetes increases if you:

1. Skip breakfast.

According to an American publication dedicated to medical nutrition(the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition), by skipping breakfast just once a week, we increase our risk of developing diabetes by 20%. During a night's sleep, insulin levels are at a dead center, but when you wake up and for a long time do not eat, it drops sharply. When you finally eat lunch, insulin levels will rise just as sharply. These spikes in insulin are unhealthy and increase your chances of getting diabetes.

2. Eat lots of sweets.

Everyone knows that “if you eat a lot of sweets, diabetes can develop”. So, if you are a lover of cakes and cola, you are at risk. However, the development of the disease is provoked not so much by the amount of sugar consumed, but by the excess weight that often appears in the sweet tooth. As body weight increases, the body needs to produce more and more insulin to maintain normal glucose levels. The more extra pounds we gain, the more difficult it is to strike the right balance. In the end, insulin may not be enough and then diabetes will develop.

3. Get little sleep.

For the prevention of diabetes good sleep is no less important than . According to the Minnesota regional center according to the Minnesota Regional Sleep Disorders study, a person experiencing a lack of sleep triggers reactions similar to those that occur with insulin resistance. In particular, in a person who sleeps little, the process of converting glucose into energy can slow down. So if after sleepless night you feel overwhelmed and deprived of strength, this may also be due to the state of prediabetes.

4. Be depressed.

depression is considered side effect diabetes mellitus, but data from a study published on the American Diabetes Association website suggests that depression can also be a trigger for the development of diabetes. According to the information presented, people who experience depression are 63% more likely to get sick diabetes. Some doctors even consider depression and diabetes to be similar illnesses, with similar symptoms of weakness and fatigue.

5. You don't move much.

If you have sedentary work or do you prefer outdoor activities long sitting in front of the TV, you are at risk. Every hour you spend in stable sitting position increases the risk of developing diabetes by 3.4%. To reduce this risk, you need to get up and move from time to time. Even if you just get up every half an hour, the risk of getting sick will decrease. Ideally, to stay healthy, you need to exercise, at least 20 minutes 3-4 times a week. Moreover, it is best if you sweat a lot during these classes.

So, now you know what you can do to avoid becoming a victim of diabetes. Of course, rethinking your way of life will require some effort and work on yourself from you. However, it is absolutely worth it! Especially when you consider that new good habits improve your overall health and help prevent not only the development of diabetes, but also a whole “bouquet” of other diseases called “lifestyle diseases”.

How not to get sick dangerous disease? It turns out that type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented. But the 2nd is quite real. What needs to be done for this? There are many simple rules.

How not to get diabetes - features

In short, you need to adhere to the following:

1. Watch your weight, as diabetes most often affects people who are obese.
2. Move more, drive active image life, so that there are no congestion in the body.
3. Eat right, do not allow an excess of sugar in the body. Remember, sweets and excessively fatty foods disrupt carbohydrate metabolism.
4. No need to overeat.
5. Give up smoking and alcohol abuse.
6. Control your blood glucose levels.
7. In case of any violation in the body, consult a doctor in a timely manner (see which doctor treats diabetes mellitus).

You need to know that diabetes does not develop rapidly, it develops over a long period of time, so you always have the opportunity to take action in advance. On the initial stages much easier to get rid of pathology.

Blood sugar control

It is advisable to visit an endocrinologist at least once a year and take appropriate tests. If for some reason you cannot do this, you can control your blood sugar levels at home. Just before that, carefully read the instructions and consult a doctor. Today, many devices for measuring sugar on their own are produced. The following are considered the most reliable and accurate:

1. Device number 1. Test strips are purchased specific color after contact with biological fluid(blood, urine). It is the shade of the strip that indicates the level of glucose.
2. Device number 2. The glucometer device also has test strips that must be inserted into the device. The device automatically evaluates the sugar level. The result is shown on the display.

Step-by-step instructions for measuring sugar at home

The glucometer is sold in a complete set with test strips, a finger prick lancet and instructions for use. Rules for measuring glucose levels with a glucometer:

• Be sure to check the accuracy of the code on the device and the tube with the test strips before use. If it is not the same, you need to adjust the glucometer. How to do this is indicated in the annotation.
• Hands must be clean and dry.
• Pierce the fingertip with a lancet, which must first be massaged.
• Remove the strip from the vial and place it against the drop of blood.
• Remember, the first drop from the finger is wiped off, and the second is used to conduct the test.
• Insert a test strip into the meter.
• Wait a maximum of 15 seconds and read the result.

Please note that glucose readings may vary due to several factors. For example, after heavy physical activity, at high temperature body or in stressful situations. Therefore, in this state, the sugar content may not correspond to reality.

Measuring blood sugar levels with a Bionime GM 110 glucometer (video)

From the video review you will learn clearly how to measure the level of glucose in the blood using the Bionime GM 110 model glucometer:

Table of indicators of blood sugar levels - transcript

See also: how to determine diabetes mellitus (tests, signs, risk factors).

Who is at risk

• Age category over 40 years.
• Obese people.
• With a hereditary predisposition (if one of the close relatives has diabetes).
• People with an inactive lifestyle.
• In case of non-compliance proper nutrition(consumption of excessive amounts of sweet, fatty, smoked, canned, etc.).
• The presence of diseases of the digestive tract, heart, circulatory system, pancreas.

What should be the food

Nutrition in the life of every person plays one of the critical roles. Because it depends general state health. Food products can affect the functionality of all body systems, both positively and negatively, so the diet must be correct.

In order to prevent the development of diabetes, the diet should be as follows:

• It is important to limit the intake of carbohydrates and high-calorie foods. Carbohydrates overload the pancreas, disrupting its work, and calories lead to a set overweight which is dangerous for diabetes.
• The diet should be as varied as possible.
• The diet should be divided into 5 times a day. In this case, portions should be small.
• Dishes should preferably be steamed or cooked in water. Can be baked in the oven, but with the minimum amount fat.
• Be sure to include fresh vegetables and fruits in your diet - let them be the maximum amount.
• Eliminate the consumption of sweets, pastries and fatty foods. It is necessary to refuse smoked, canned and too salty.
• Vegetables and fruits are conditionally divided into 3 groups based on the content of carbohydrates. So, eggplants, cucumbers, zucchini, pumpkin, cabbage, tomatoes are considered the most useful and low-carb. Average carbohydrates are found in carrots, beets, radishes, onion. And also in currants, raspberries, strawberries, citrus crops. Most high content harmful carbohydrates in potatoes, grapes, bananas, figs, sweet apples. Of course, it is impossible to completely refuse such products, it is enough to reduce the dosage.
• It is very important to eat foods that contain alimentary fiber, as they contribute to the formation of insoluble and poorly absorbed complexes, thereby removing cholesterol and sugar from the body. These are foods such as rye and bran bread, various cereals.
• Eat more protein foods. These are low-fat varieties of fish and meat, dairy products.
• Give special attention drinking water, it should be at least one and a half liters per day.
• If there is a need to use alcoholic beverages(birthdays, holidays), then drink them in moderation.

Prevention of diabetes: proper nutrition (video)

From the video you will additionally learn what should be the diet that helps prevent diabetes - the features of food intake, types of foods and much more:

Weight loss: sports, physical activity

As you know, excess fat, which accumulates in the body, significantly reduces the sensitivity to natural insulin, resulting in an increase in glucose levels. To actively combat extra pounds you need to follow a low-carb diet and be sure to exercise. The fact is that this will not only prevent and relieve obesity, but also increase the sensitivity of cells and tissues to their own insulin. Therefore, the sugar level will not rise.

Among physical exercises, aerobic training, strength and high-intensity training is very popular. It turns out that more load further increases the body's sensitivity to insulin. And so less likely get diabetes.

Besides, physical activity consumes a store of energy within each cell. And this indicates that now the cells become open to absorb and process new doses of glucose. Sports activities save a person from bad cholesterol and fully strengthen circulatory system. Needless to say, reducing body fat and strengthening the immune and muscle systems!

No stress and bad habits

Stressful situations can develop diabetes mellitus, because with nervous overstrain, the level of secretion of one's own insulin decreases. Among other things, the produced insulin is inhibited basally, resulting in the release of glucose from the tissues into the blood.

This leads to a hyperglycemic state, which is characterized by a lack of a hormone. Another negative factor under stress is a decrease in the body's sensitivity to insulin and an increase in sugar levels. If a nervous tension lasts a long time, it strictly leads to the development of diabetes.

Smoking also has negative impact to the glucose level. It turns out that nicotine stimulates secretion stress hormones(somatotropin, cortisol and catecholamine). These hormones greatly increase the amount of sugar. Therefore, smokers have a much higher risk of developing diabetes than non-smokers.

If you contact the clinic for blood sugar control in a timely manner, adhere to proper nutrition and lead a healthy active lifestyle, you will eliminate the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Diabetes- one of the most common and terrible complications of "sores" of our time. According to some reports, every 10 seconds in the world a person dies from the consequences of type 2 diabetes. Already sufficient reason to think about the prevention of this disease. Today, together with "Beautiful and Successful" we will figure out what to change for this in your lifestyle.

Why is diabetes dangerous? For those who have never thought about it - it's so serious and severe violation normal exchange substances in the body, what in advanced cases it may well lead to kidney failure, leg amputation, blindness. But even before the onset of these terrible consequences, the life of patients with diabetes mellitus is really “not sugar”.

Therefore, how not to get sick with diabetes is not an idle question for almost every one of us, modern people, little moving, malnourished and receiving a bunch of health problems with age.

How does diabetes occur?

There are two types of diabetes. In the first case, diabetes is called insulin-dependent, in the second - non-insulin-dependent.

To understand how not to get sick with diabetes, you first need to answer the question - what is insulin and why is it so important?

This is a hormone that is produced by the human pancreas, its endocrine cells. Without it, metabolism in the body is impossible. Exactly insulin helps lower blood glucose levels(the same blood sugar for which we are testing).

Glucose is an important source of energy, we get it from food. Normally, insulin removes glucose from the bloodstream and delivers it to the liver cells, muscles and other places, where it is converted into the energy we need. When this process is disturbed, then diabetes occurs - the level of sugar in the blood rises.

Let's briefly go over the main signs of both types in order to know what to fear and how not to get sick with diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (insulin dependent)

In type 1 diabetes, the body cannot produce insulin on its own. enough and must receive it from outside. The reason of that - more than 90% death endocrine cells pancreas which may occur as a result of any past illnesses(infectious, oncological, autoimmune).

Typical signs:

• hereditary predisposition (defectiveness of certain genes)
• relatively young age of the diseased - up to 30 years (in children, this type of diabetes is most often diagnosed)
• continuous administration of insulin is required.

Type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent)

In this case, the body produces enough insulin or even more than it should. But there is a so-called insulin resistance". The body does not respond to its own insulin, the blood sugar level does not drop, the pancreas begins to work for wear and tear.

The reasons may be overweight, problems with cardiovascular system, pancreas (for example, pancreatitis), endocrine system.

Typical signs:

• obesity - the more it is, the higher the likelihood of joining the ranks of diabetics
• the disease occurs after the age of 30, and the older the person, the greater the risk of developing diabetes
• possible absence of symptoms - the disease can be silent for years and not cause concern.

How not to get diabetes if you have any of the above risk factors? More on this later in the article.

How not to get diabetes: healthy habits for life

Monitor your weight

If 30 years ago diabetes in developed countries was considered an infrequent companion of the elderly, then as a result of the beginning of the “obesity epidemic”, it noticeably “younger” and spread widely. If a you are overweight if the doctor diagnosed "obesity" (BMI 29 and above) - this is already a reason to take care of your health until diabetes takes over you.

How not to get diabetes with obesity? Nobody came up with anything new here (and is unlikely to come up with it) - you need to start for your own good eat right(see below!) and move more.

Adjust your diet

Especially if it includes a lot of fatty and sweet food, recycled products. To prevent diabetes, daily menu need to include more fresh vegetables and fruit(from 7 to 9 pieces in total per day).

Note that even canned vegetables and fruits should be avoided, as salt or sugar is additionally added to them.

On your plate should appear regularly green and orange vegetables(cabbage, broccoli, carrots, pumpkin, Bell pepper),legumes, whole grain breads and cereals(even pasta better to look for whole grain flour!).

Give up sugary and sweetened drinks - it is better to drink more clean water tea and coffee without sugar are also allowed.

Probably, it is not worth reminding that chips, sweets, cakes and other buns are totally banned or (if health allows) are allowed as an exception occasionally and a little bit.

Do not overeat

Another time bomb in the case of diabetes is the tendency to bulimia, that is, overeating on nervous ground. From here, close to obesity. . We learn to switch, relieve stress in other, not so high-calorie ways!

Quit smoking

If you smoke, no matter what, then the question “how not to get diabetes” (as well as many other terrible sores) goes into the rhetorical category.

Monitor your health

A prerequisite if someone in your family already has type 2 diabetes. hereditary predisposition to diabetes- this is an occasion to ask yourself the question “how not to get sick with diabetes” more often, take a blood sugar test every six months, general analyzes blood and urine, undergo other examinations prescribed by a doctor.

Also, if you have diagnosed cardiovascular diseases(including regularly jumping pressure!) or increased n was noted - you, unfortunately, are at risk for diabetes too.

Women with menopause all of the above should be taken into account.

If before them from advanced level blood glucose partially protected female hormone estrogen, then with the onset of menopause they become at risk not only diabetes, but also osteoporosis, atherosclerosis and other “age-related” diseases.

Finally, we note - non-insulin dependent Diabetes does not develop suddenly, not immediately. How not to get sick with diabetes, even in the presence of a predisposition, is a completely solvable task, provided that you take care of yourself.

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The number of people with diabetes is increasing every year. This is confirmed by medical statistics. About what kind of disease diabetes is and how to live with it, we will tell in this article. However, it should be immediately reported that it is incurable. Your task, as well as the goal of the endocrinologist, is to carry out activities that reduce the risk of negative consequences.

In diabetes mellitus, blood sugar levels are high. It also appears in the urine.

All this leads to the emergence and development of side "effects" - metabolic disorders are detected, deep defeat blood vessels, "surrender" the nerves and fail the kidneys.

Varieties of diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a type of serious disease that requires permanent, lifelong treatment. AT medical practice usually divided into 2 types:

1. the first, most terrible and rapidly developing,
2. the second is treatable.

Let's trace the difference between these varieties of the disease?

Characteristics of diabetes

If a disease is transmitted in the family along the genetic female line, then the question arises of how not to get sick with diabetes. Believe me, it turns out to be incredibly difficult. And, I think, it is not necessary to say that the first symptoms are familiar to every member of the family.

Complications arising from diabetes

Walls medical polyclinics We have seen bitter tears and suffering more than once. However, when making a diagnosis, endocrinologists rarely report further consequences.

If you suffered from hypertension/obesity before the onset of the disease, then these diseases progress and leave an “imprint” on the development of complications of diabetes.

How to detect and stop diabetes mellitus?

This question worries along with the one that was asked earlier: how not to get sick with diabetes? So we decided to dedicate a whole section to it. In medical practice, the detection and suspension of the disease is divided into 3 parts.

I. Analyzes

1. donating blood for glucose, it should be remembered: indicators of more than 6.1 mmol / l indicate the presence of pathology.
2. donating plasma for blood, the endocrinologist deciphers the results. In cases where the parameters are from 7.0 mmol / l, 126 mg / dl, treatment should be started immediately.
3. determination of the proportion of glycated hemoglobin. 6.2% or less is considered normal. Otherwise, you should visit an endocrinologist.
4. Less commonly, a glucose load test is performed.

II. Treatment

Diet #1 for type 1 diabetics

Every diet should contain minerals, supplements and vitamins. it required condition. You will also need to control your diet.

Diet #2 for type 2 diabetics

The disease of type 2 diabetes mellitus implies dietology, regardless of hypoglycemic drugs. In a couple of years, doctors reach full control behind the course of the disease. However, the selected therapy varies. So, other hypoglycemic tablets and insulin are prescribed as a supplement.

In case of diabetes mellitus, body weight must be carefully monitored. This is what the main menu in nutrition is aimed at.

1. Restriction in sugar and those products that contain it.
2. We get carbohydrates and dietary fiber from a set of vegetables, country fruits, legumes, nuts, wholemeal bread with the inclusion of crushed grains. Ground bran, wholemeal bread and cereals are allowed.
3. The endocrinologist limits the intake of fats, fatty acids.
4. According to the diet compiled by a gastroenterologist, a diabetic should eat 5 times a day. As a rule, it is advised to stand 4 hours between meals.