Antihypertensive drugs list. Antihypertensive drugs

It is possible to stabilize blood pressure and improve the quality of life of hypertensive patients by conservative therapy. Usually, the patient is prescribed antihypertensive pills for hypertension.

The doctor may prescribe diuretic drugs to the patient, ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, hypotensive central action, sartans, selective beta-1-blockers.

With resistant forms of hypertension, you can take combined preparations. If a person has hypertension of the 1st degree of severity, then it is realistic to stabilize blood pressure through the use of dietary supplements.

The most effective drugs for GB

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Hypertonic disease, according to WHO, is the most common pathology of cardio-vascular system. Men and women are equally affected by the disease. Moreover, GB is usually diagnosed in patients older than 40 years.

Hypertension is dangerous pathology. At untimely treatment the disease leads to cerebrovascular disorders, myocardial infarction, stroke, hypertensive crisis, kidney failure.

arterial hypertension difficult to compensate if the disease is accompanied by bradycardia, ischemic disease heart, atherosclerosis (a pathology accompanied by the deposition of cholesterol and lipoprotein fractions in the vessels).

Consider the classification antihypertensive drugs:

1. Diuretic drugs. Through excretion from the body excess fluid, the walls of blood vessels expand, the vascular lumen increases, and, accordingly, favorable conditions to lower blood pressure. The disadvantage of diuretics is the fact that they have many contraindications, including renal failure and diabetes in the stage of decompensation.
2. Beta blockers. By blocking beta-1-adrenergic receptors, drugs reduce heart rate, lengthen diastole, reduce oxygen consumption by the heart muscle, and have an antiarrhythmic effect.
3. ACE inhibitors. Contribute to the inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, due to which inactive angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II, which, in turn, causes vasoconstriction.
4. Sartans. These new generation hypertension drugs are very effective. Medicines are in great demand even in the EU and the USA. Medicines for hypertension latest generation block angiotensin II receptors, providing a long and persistent hypotensive effect.
5. Blockers calcium channels. Tablets prevent the rapid entry of calcium into the cells. Due to this, there is an expansion coronary vessels and improved blood flow in the heart muscle.

All pills for high blood pressure are completely incompatible with alcohol. During the treatment period, it is strictly forbidden to take alcohol. Ethanol not only levels healing effect funds, but also increases the likelihood of side effects from the side of the central nervous system and organs of the cardiovascular system.

Trade names drugs are shown in the table below.

Accept antihypertensive drugs need daily. Dosages are selected by the attending physician. With a resistant form of GB, lifelong administration may be indicated.

The 10 ml sachet contains 100 mg of tramadol hydrochloride in 1 ml of solution. A 96 ml sachet contains tramadol hydrochloride 100 mg in 1 ml solution. Other Ingredients are Potassium Sorbate, 96% Ethanol, Propylene Glycol, Sucrose, Polysorbate 80, Oil peppermint, purified water. Interaction with drugs can be characterized as the phenomenon when the plasma concentration and, therefore, the effect of the parent drug is changed when the drug is added to another drug or in combination with certain types food.

The importance of drug interactions is increased by polypharmacy. The interaction of antipsychotic drugs occurs at the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic levels. Pharmacokinetics studies the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of a drug or its metabolites in the human body. Pharmacodynamics controls profile and intensity pharmacological action drug. From a pharmacodynamic point of view antipsychotic dopamine, serotonin, adrenergic, muscarinic and histamine receptors.

Hypotensive central action

Centrally acting antihypertensive drugs are rarely used today. The fact is that these drugs often cause side effects. In addition, some drugs are addictive.

Antihypertensive tablets of central action, as a rule, are used if necessary to stop a hypertensive crisis. This need is due to the fact that the drugs begin to act literally 20-40 minutes after ingestion.

The most effective medicines of this type are:

• Clonidine.
• Moxonidine.
• Moxonitex.

Accept the above vasodilators can on permanent basis. However, this is not recommended. Why? The fact is that today there are many effective antihypertensive drugs that are much better tolerated. The same ACE inhibitors or sartans act more gently, are not addictive, and provide a longer therapeutic effect.

Antihypertensive drugs central action contraindicated in pregnancy, cardiogenic shock, renal failure, atherosclerosis of the brain.

Combined antihypertensive drugs

There are times when drugs for GB do not allow the patient to achieve stable stabilization of blood pressure. Usually this phenomenon is observed in the resistant form of GB.

In this case, it is more expedient for the patient to take several antihypertensive drugs at once. But this is not very convenient, and it is expensive. IN this case antihypertensives help solve the problem combined tablets, which include 2 active substances.

Consider the most effective medicines in this group:

1. Micardis Plus.
2. Prestance.
3. Tarka.
4. Bisangil
5. Atacand Plus.
6. Caposide.
7. Noliprel.
8. Equator.
9. Enziks.

Supplements for high blood pressure

Modern medicines for hypertension have many contraindications and side effects. In view of this, some patients prefer to take dietary supplements for plant-based(biologically active additives).

Such remedies are somewhat more effective than classic hawthorn or motherwort tinctures. In addition, bioadditives are not addictive, do not impair potency, and in some cases can be prescribed even to pregnant and lactating women.

The safest and most effective dietary supplements are:

• (erroneously called Normalif). Release form - tincture.
• BP minus. Produced in the form of tablets.
• Normal. Release form - tablets.
• Hyperstop (Hypertostop). Available in the form of drops.
• Cardimap. Release form - tablets.

The instructions for the above drugs say that drugs can be used as part of complex therapy, that is, together with synthetic antihypertensive pills. In addition, indications for the use of dietary supplements are neurosis, stress, fatigue.

Bioadditives should be taken with caution in hypertensive patients who have a tendency to allergic reactions.

Hypertensive drugs

It has already been noted above, with the help of which drugs it is possible to regulate high blood pressure. An equally common problem is arterial hypotension, that is, a decrease in blood pressure<90 на 60 мм.рт.ст.

In hypotensive patients, the question arises, which drug to choose to increase pressure? If we consider the most inexpensive means, we can note Caffeine. It is enough to take 1-2 tablets once a day.

Among the effective means for the normalization of blood pressure also include:

1. dopamine hydrochloride.
2. epinephrine.
3. Epiject.
4. Ephedrine hydrochloride.
5. Adrenalin.

In conclusion, I would like to note that before using any hypo- or hypertensive drugs, you should first consult with your cardiologist.

Also, in case of diseases of the cardiovascular system, one should not forget about the diet, an active lifestyle, the complete rejection of bad habits (smoking, alcoholism). For auxiliary purposes, hypertensive and hypotensive patients can take multivitamin complexes - Aevit, Alfavit, Doppelherz Active Omega-3, Magne B6, Complivit, etc.

Antihypertensive drugs are used to lower blood pressure. The main task of such treatment is to reduce pressure to normal levels. Drugs that lower blood pressure are divided into several groups. Consider the aspects of the action and administration of such drugs.

When taking these drugs, the necessary action is achieved by inhibiting the sympathetic nervous system. Antihypertensive drugs in this group include Clonidine, Moxonidine, Albarel and others. They lower blood pressure by acting on receptors in the brain. They are not classified as the main drugs used for hypertension. The appointment of any of the neurotropic drugs is carried out only after a thorough diagnosis.

Antihypertensive drugs in this group cause side effects: dry mouth, drowsiness, and sometimes dizziness. During treatment, alcohol is contraindicated for patients. Clonidine is now rarely used, only when other drugs can not lower the pressure. Moxonidine is prescribed for the treatment of patients with diabetes. Albarel has a mild effect.

Antihypertensive drugs of peripheral action are divided into ganglioblockers, sympatholytics and adrenoblockers. Ganglioblockers block H-cholinergic receptors. They have limited use due to side effects and addictive properties. This group includes Declinax.

Sympatholytics reduce the amount of mediators released at the endings of sympathetic nerves. This group of drugs is represented by Raunatin, Reserpine, Octadinom, etc. Usually prescribed for hypertension of moderate and high severity. They have side effects (dizziness, drowsiness, etc.), and therefore are used with caution.

Alpha blockers cause blood vessels to dilate and lower blood pressure. This results in tachycardia. The most common drugs in this group are Anaprilin, Fentolamine. Not prescribed for liver failure, bradycardia, heart failure, and pregnancy.

Means for inhibition of the renin-angiotensive system

The renin-angiotensive system provides humoral regulation of vascular tone. An increase in its activity is often associated with the development of hypertension.

The most common drug from this group is Captopril (Capoten, Capril). The necessary therapeutic effect of the drug is achieved by a decrease in the amount of angiotensin II (ATP), as well as a decrease in the secretion of aldosterone and an increase in the formation of vasopressin, a vasodilator hormone. Captopril is mainly used in cases of:

• increased pressure of unknown etiology;
• increased blood pressure due to kidney disease;
• violations of the blood supply to the kidneys.

Captopril can cause side effects such as skin rashes, taste disturbances, and an increase in the amount of protein in the urine. In some cases, leukopenia is observed, as well as a decrease in the level of granulocytes in the blood.

Caposide has the same effect and is prescribed in the same cases as Captopril. However, the side effects of the drug are more numerous and more pronounced:

• skin rash;
• increased sensitivity to sunlight (photosensitivity);
• dryness of the oral mucosa;
• temporary change or loss of taste;
• violations of the liver with possible stagnation of bile;
• lowering the level of sodium in the blood;
• possible decrease in the volume of circulating blood;
• if there is a predisposition, orthostatic hypotension is possible, when the patient's pressure drops sharply when the body position changes.

Ko-Prenesa also belongs to this group. The drug has a long-term lowering of blood pressure.

Medications that depress the renin-angiotensive system are not prescribed to patients under 14 years of age, as well as to diabetics. It is unacceptable to use these drugs during pregnancy, lactation, a tendency to edema, severe violations of the kidneys.

Myotropic vasodilators

Antihypertensive drugs of this group directly act on the muscle fibers of the vessels. Thus, their relaxation is achieved. This process, in turn, leads to a decrease in blood pressure. This group is represented by such drugs.

1. Apressin. The drug dilates blood vessels. Does not cause orthostatic pressure increase. With its use, the frequency of contractions of the heart and the release of renin increase. Sometimes it can cause vomiting, nausea and dizziness.
2. Diazoxide has a pronounced vasodilating effect. Effective only when administered intravenously. This is the best drug for stopping a hypertensive crisis.
3. Sodium nitroprusside is the most effective drug from the group of myotropic vasodilators. Able to dilate arteries and veins. Introduced into the body intravenously or drip.
4. Magnesium sulfate. It is administered intramuscularly or intravenously. Oral tablets do not bring results, since the drug is very poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Magnesium sulfate is often used to stop a hypertensive crisis. Intravenous administration of the drug should be done with extreme caution.
5. Dibazol is mainly used to treat hypertensive crisis. In this case, intravenous administration of the agent is preferable. Taking it orally is ineffective. Papaverine has the same effect.
6. Antihypertensive drugs that selectively dilate the vessels of the heart - Validol, Nitroglycerin, Eufillin and others. Often used to relieve angina pectoris.

In some cases, vasodilators can cause collapse. To avoid this, it is not recommended to change the position abruptly. With hypotension, such drugs are usually not prescribed.

Diuretic drugs

Diuretics, or diuretics, lower blood pressure by removing excess water from the body. At the same time, the condition of patients improves significantly, as the excessive load on the heart decreases. Diuretics also reduce swelling.

Diuretic antihypertensive drugs effectively lower blood pressure, even if taken in low dosages. This reduces side effects, which is also very important in the treatment of high blood pressure.

Usually the doctor opts for diuretics in such situations:

• elderly patient;
• increased systolic pressure (isolated systolic hypertension);
• the patient suffers from heart failure;
• diagnosed with osteoporosis.

Numerous studies show that taking diuretics reduces the likelihood of developing a myocardial infarction by 15 percent, and a stroke by 40.

The most common classification of diuretics is:

1. Thiazide. They are prescribed most often. Thiazides have a weak and slow action. This is Hypothiazid, Arifon-retard. Other drugs are considered obsolete and are rarely prescribed for hypertension.
2. Loop diuretics are powerful drugs. They cause the kidneys to produce more urine and thus remove excess fluid. However, along with the liquid, potassium and magnesium are excreted. The most common are Torasemide, Furosemide. Bumetanide is now relatively rarely used.
3. Potassium-sparing diuretics are weak. But they reduce the risk of developing a lack of potassium in the body, and therefore they are prescribed to improve the results of treatment with other diuretics. The main drug from this group is Veroshpiron. However, it is not prescribed to men due to the risk of impotence and gynecomastia.

High efficiency shows the intake of Taurine in capsules. This diuretic relieves swelling.

Remember that self-medication with tablets for hypertension is prohibited. Any antihypertensive medications are prescribed only after a thorough diagnosis.