Stop bleeding from the cubital vein. Venous bleeding. Methods for the final stop of blood include

dangerous moment venous bleeding, along with a significant amount of lost blood, is that with wounds of the veins, especially the cervical ones, air can be sucked into the vessels through the places damaged by the wounds. Air entering the vessel can then enter the heart. In such cases, a fatal condition occurs - an air embolism. Venous bleeding is best stopped with a pressure bandage. A clean gauze is applied to the bleeding area, an unfolded bandage or gauze folded several times over it, last resort- a folded clean handkerchief. Applied in this way, the means act as a pressure factor that presses the gaping ends of the damaged vessels. When such a pressing object is pressed against the wound with a bandage, the lumen of the vessels is compressed, and the bleeding stops. In the event that the assisting person does not have a pressure bandage at hand, and the victim bleeds heavily from the damaged vein, then the bleeding place should be immediately pressed with your fingers. When bleeding from a vein upper limb in some cases, simply raising your hand is enough. In both cases, after this, the wound should be applied pressure bandage. The most convenient for these purposes is a pocket pressure bandage, an individual package that is sold in pharmacies.

Stop arterial bleeding

Arterial bleeding is the most dangerous of all types of bleeding, since it can quickly lead to complete bleeding of the victim. Arterial bleeding can be stopped with a pressure bandage. In case of bleeding from a large artery, immediately stop the blood flow to the damaged area by pressing the artery with your finger above the wound. However, this measure is only temporary. The artery is pressed with a finger until a pressure bandage is prepared and applied.

When bleeding from the femoral artery, the imposition of a pressure bandage alone is sometimes insufficient. In such cases, it is necessary to apply a loop, a tourniquet, or an impromptu tourniquet. If the assisting person does not have either a standard loop or a tourniquet at hand, then instead of them you can use a scarf, handkerchief, tie, suspenders. A tourniquet or loop is applied to the limb immediately above the site of bleeding. For these purposes, a pocket bandage (individual package) is very convenient, which simultaneously plays the role of both integumentary and pressure bandages. The place of application of the tourniquet or loop is covered with a layer of gauze so as not to damage the skin and nerves. The applied tourniquet completely stops the blood flow to the limb, but if the loop or tourniquet is left on the limb for a long time, it may even die. Therefore, to stop bleeding, they are used only in exceptional cases, namely on the shoulder and thigh (with separation of part of the limb, with amputations). When applying a loop or tourniquet of the victim for two hours in without fail should be delivered to medical institution for special surgical treatment. Bleeding of the upper limb can be stopped with a bag of bandage inserted into the elbow or armpit, while simultaneously tightening the limb with a tourniquet. In a similar way, they act with bleeding of the lower limb, putting a wedge into the popliteal fossa. True, this method of stopping bleeding is used only occasionally. When bleeding from the main cervical artery - carotid - you should immediately squeeze the wound with your fingers or fist; after that, the wound is stuffed with a large amount of clean gauze. This method of stopping bleeding is called packing. After ligation of bleeding vessels, the victim should be given some soft drinks to drink and taken to a medical facility as soon as possible.

First aid for bleeding should be included in the basic knowledge of each person. No one is immune from the fact that bleeding will occur in loved ones or in a passerby on the street. By the time it arrives Ambulance a person can lose a lot of blood, which will adversely affect his health, and if bleeding from deep veins, it is possible that the victim will die.

Venous bleeding may be different localizations and help is different. Allocate bleeding from:

Veins of the head and neck;

Superficial veins of the extremities;

Deep veins of the extremities.

The reasons for this condition are as follows:

Injuries and cuts;

Diseases of the blood system;

Apply cold to the bleeding site;

Urgently deliver the victim to the nearest hospital, where the vessel will be sutured.

In case of nosebleeds, it should be injected into the nasal passage cotton swab moistened with hydrogen peroxide. Then press the wing of the nose to the bridge of the nose. To stop bleeding, do not tilt your head back, especially if the victim is unconscious. This will cause blood to flow down back wall pharynx and may enter the respiratory tract. To completely stop bleeding from the nose, a heating pad should be applied to the bridge of the nose or the back of the head with cold water for 3 minutes, then take a break of 3 minutes. Repeat until the bleeding stops completely.

Applying a tourniquet for venous bleeding

The success of the measures taken and the recovery of the limb after rendering depends on the correct application of the tourniquet. medical assistance. The tourniquet can be applied for 1.5-2 hours in summer and 1-1.5 hours in winter. In addition, every hour in summer and every half hour in winter, it should be loosened for several minutes, while pressing the damaged vein to the bone to prevent the restoration of bleeding.

The rules for applying a tourniquet for venous bleeding are as follows:

Because deoxygenated blood flowing from distal departments limbs to the proximal ones, the tourniquet is applied below the injury site as close as possible to the wound;

Clothing or fabric lining should be applied to the skin so as not to injure soft tissues;

With vigorous movements, the tourniquet is stretched and wrapped around the limb;

The coils are located one after another, without pinching the skin between them;

Each subsequent turn should go a little on the previous one;

After two or three turns, the tension of the tourniquet can be somewhat loosened;

Attach a note to the limb indicating the time the tourniquet was applied, or write the time on the patient's skin;

The tourniquet itself should not be covered with clothing, it is necessary that it immediately catches the eye.

The correct application of the tourniquet in case of damage to the veins is determined by the absence of bleeding, but the preservation of pulsation in the arteries (radial or foot arteries). Rendering technique emergency care with venous bleeding is quite simple. The main thing is not to get confused and do everything according to the algorithm. Emergency care largely determines the prognosis for the recovery and life of the patient, so everyone should master these skills.

About the doctor: From 2010 to 2016 practicing physician of the therapeutic hospital of the central medical unit No. 21, the city of Elektrostal. Since 2016 he has been working in diagnostic center №3.

Bleeding is a condition requiring emergency care. Bleeding from the arteries is recognized as the most serious, however, even if the veins are damaged, dangerous outcomes for human life and health are possible.

Venous bleeding: definition and classification

Bleeding (hemorrhage) is the release of blood from a damaged vessel. With venous hemorrhage, the source of blood loss is any venous vessel.

Venous bleeding develops when the vein wall is damaged

Depending on whether the bleeding vessel is communicated with environment or not, all bleeding is classified into external and internal. External include those that are formed during the defeat skin. The main sign of such hemorrhages is the presence of a wound. All other bleeding options are considered internal. At the same time, explicit (from hollow organs), which are characterized by the release of blood into the external environment, and hidden internal bleeding.

With the hidden nature of the problem, the very fact of bleeding is not always clear (bleeding into the small pelvis with impaired ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhage in the abdominal cavity with injuries of the hepatic and splenic vessels, blood flow into chest cavity with chest wounds, etc.)

Many medical publications have a different classification:

• external include hemorrhages, in which blood masses from an injured vessel are released outward - onto the skin, into the lumen of hollow organs (stomach, intestines, esophagus, urinary tract, bronchi);
• internal include hemorrhages, in which blood, flowing from a damaged vessel, does not communicate with the environment (in the cavity of the peritoneum or pleura, in the cavity of the joints). Blood can impregnate soft tissues (muscles, subcutaneous fat) and tissue of internal organs with the formation of hemorrhage. With large hemorrhages, the masses of the outflowing blood push the soft tissues apart - a hematoma is formed.

According to the mechanism of development, all bleeding is classified as follows:

• mechanical - with traumatic destruction of the choroid;
• arrosive - when a vessel is damaged by a decaying malignant neoplasm; when the shell of the vessel is destroyed by pus enzymes;
• diapedetic - with increased fragility of blood vessels while maintaining their integrity (bleeding with scurvy, inflammatory diseases vessels - vasculitis);
• bleeding associated with a violation of the blood coagulation system (with hemophilia, thrombocytopenia - a decrease in the number of platelets; with an overdose of some medicines- Aspirin, Heparin, etc.).

Depending on the rate of blood loss, acute and chronic blood loss is distinguished. The most dangerous for the body acute blood loss, which can lead to the development of hemorrhagic (due to massive blood loss) shock and lethal outcome. To chronic blood loss even a large volume, the body manages to adapt, so it does not pose an immediate threat to life.

In everyday life, external venous bleeding is most common. They can occur when you accidentally cut yourself or intentionally injure yourself (suicide attempt) and others. Usually superficial are injured, less often - deep veins limbs.

Large veins of the upper extremities:

• surface:
  • medial saphenous vein (basilic);
  • lateral saphenous vein (cephalic);
  • intermediate (median) vein;
• deep:
  • 2 cubital veins;
  • 2 radial veins;
  • 2 brachial veins, formed from the confluence of the ulnar and radial veins.

The venous network of the arm includes superficial and deep veins.

Large venous trunks of the legs:

• surface:
  • small saphenous vein;
  • great saphenous vein;
• deep:
  • anterior tibial veins;
  • posterior tibial veins;
  • peroneal veins;
  • popliteal vein;
  • femoral vein;
  • deep vein of the thigh.

Vienna lower extremities divided into superficial and deep

Veins located on the surface and in depth are connected by numerous communicating branches.

With bruises, tears and sprains, as a rule, a bruise is formed, which is a hemorrhage into the subcutaneous fat. Bruises occur during the destruction of small vessels of various origins (capillaries, small arteries and veins). When combined mechanical injury with a violation of the blood coagulation system (with hemophilia), the formation of hematomas in the area of ​​bruises is possible.

For head injuries abdominal cavity possible formation of such cavities in internal organs (intracranial hematoma, subcapsular hematoma of the spleen, etc.).

Diagnosis of venous bleeding

The definition of external bleeding is made on the basis of the nature of the blood flow from the vessel, the color of the flowing blood.

Distinctive characteristics of venous bleeding

To distinctive features venous bleeding include:

• dark cherry color of the blood (as opposed to bright red with hemorrhage from the arteries), which is a consequence of the low concentration of oxygen in the venous blood);
• flow of blood in a continuous stream;
• lack of jet pulsation (unlike arterial hemorrhages).

The main signs of venous bleeding are dark color blood and outflow of blood without pulsation, continuous stream

With hemorrhage from large veins located near large arteries, possible outflow of blood with a pulsation. All pulsatile bleeding must be distinguished only by the characteristic color of the blood.

Symptoms of hemorrhage depending on the location of the bleeding venous vessel

With venous bleeding into the abdominal organs, it is possible to detect:

• bloody impurities in the vomit (" coffee grounds"") with hemorrhage from the esophageal and gastric veins;
• cough with foamy blood in the destruction of the pulmonary vessels;
• unchanged blood in the feces with hemorrhage from the rectum venous vessels or black feces with blood loss from the esophageal and gastric veins;
• impurities of blood masses in the urine during the destruction of the vessel of the urinary tract.

When blood enters the body cavity, the following are characteristic:

• pain sensations in abdominal wall with hemorrhage inside the abdomen;
• chest pain and shortness of breath with hemorrhage in the chest cavity;
• an increase in the volume of the joint and pain in it during the destruction of intraarticular veins.

There are also symptoms common to any localization of bleeding:

• severe weakness;
• blanching of the skin, the appearance of drops of cold sweat, with a large amount of lost blood - cyanosis of the fingertips, lips;
• dizziness;
• dyspnea;
• flashing dark spots before your eyes;
• nausea;
• confusion;
• tachycardia - rapid heartbeat;
• hypotension - fall blood pressure(HELL);
• oliguria - a decrease in the volume of urine separated.

Additional diagnostic methods for internal bleeding

Identification of internal bleeding solely on the basis of patient complaints is often impossible, so it is necessary to use additional methods diagnostics.

All patients with suspected internal bleeding clinical analysis blood. With blood loss, anemia is determined in it - a decrease in hemoglobin and erythrocytes below normal (hemoglobin is normal - more than 130 g / l in men and more than 120 g / l in women, erythrocytes - more than 3.9 thousand per μl in men and more than 3, 7 thousand per µl in women).

Other diagnostic methods used for suspected internal bleeding include:

• for suspected bleeding into the abdominal cavity:
  
• for suspected hemorrhage from the urinary tract:
  • general urine analysis. This method allows you to detect red blood cells in the urine, indicating the presence of bleeding, but it does not help determine the source of blood loss;
  • Ultrasound of the kidneys and urinary tract for the diagnosis of injuries of the kidneys, ureters and bladder. In the absence of an ultrasound result, a CT scan is performed;
  • cystourethroscopy. This method allows you to see urethra and bladder using a mini video camera for damage. During cystourethroscopy, blood arrest can also be made;
• with suspicion of hemorrhage from the esophageal and gastric veins:
  
• with probable intestinal hemorrhage:
  • examination of feces for occult blood;
  • fibrocolonoscopy (FCS) - examination of the colon with an endoscope to detect a damaged vessel;
• with probable hemorrhage in the pleural cavity:
  • diagnostic puncture of the pleural cavity. With the help of this method, pleural fluid is taken, which, in the presence of bleeding, contains an admixture of blood;
  • endoscopic thoracoscopy - a method that allows you to determine the source of bleeding and eliminate it. Similar to laparoscopy;
• with hemorrhage in the joint cavity:
  
• with probable hemorrhage from the vascular pool of the bronchi, bronchoscopy is performed (examination of the lumen of the bronchi using a mini-video camera), during which, as a rule, it is possible to stop the bleeding.

The severity of symptoms and laboratory changes depends on the degree of blood loss.

Table: severity of hemorrhage

The method of urgent measures for hemorrhage from the venous bed

In the presence of external venous bleeding, it is necessary to provide the patient with emergency care to avoid massive blood loss. Venous hemorrhages are stopped with a pressure bandage. A tourniquet is used only to stop bleeding from the arteries.

pressure bandage

With external bleeding from the limbs of venous origin, a correctly applied pressure bandage is considered best method. It allows you to squeeze the venous vessels, which leads to the cessation of hemorrhage. It is necessary to keep such a bandage until the arrival of medical personnel and the provision of professional assistance or until complete cessation blood loss, if there is no opportunity to consult a doctor.

The bandage (unlike a tourniquet) does not interfere with the flow of blood to the tissues of the limb, so leaving it for a long period is not dangerous.

To apply a pressure bandage you will need:

• sterile gauze cloth;
• hydrogen peroxide solution;
• 2 skeins of bandage;
• scissors to cut the bandage.

Bandage tactics:

1. Give the limb an elevated position.
2. Cover the wound with a sterile napkin moistened with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution (or any other antiseptic - alcohol, vodka, etc.).
3. Put a squeezing roller - pelota on top of the napkin. A skein of bandage is used as a pilot.
4. Tightly bandage the pellot to the limb.
5. Fix the bandage on the bow.

The pressure bandage is in a reliable way stop venous bleeding

If there are no sterile materials or antiseptics nearby, you can do without them. It is enough to bandage the bandage to the wound. With hemorrhage, it is important to stop blood loss very quickly. Wound disinfection is not a primary concern in first aid.

After a few minutes, the limb below the bandage acquires a bluish color, since the venous outflow from it is stopped. This is fine. If the limb is pale and cold to the touch, it is likely that the bandage is too tight, resulting in arterial occlusion. The bandage in this case must be redone, bandaging the limb with less effort.

Maximum limb flexion

With hemorrhage from venous vessels localized on the arms or legs, to temporarily stop the blood, the maximum flexion of the limb is performed. This method is very simple and indispensable in conditions where the imposition of a pressure bandage is impossible.

The joint in which the limb is bent depends on the location of the hemorrhage. For injuries below the knee, bend the leg knee joint, with a hip wound - in the hip. When blood flows out of the veins of the forearm, the arm must be bent in elbow joint, with hemorrhage from the veins of the shoulder, the arms are retracted. A roll of fabric should be placed in the bent joint. The bent limb must be fixed in the accepted position with a bandage or other improvised materials (for example, with a belt).

Maximum flexion of the limb is a method of stopping bleeding, used when it is impossible to apply a pressure bandage.

I, like many people, had to try the maximum flexion of the limb on personal experience. This method is used to stop hemorrhage from the veins of the elbow after intravenous injections.

In the presence of a deep bleeding wound, tamponade can be used to temporarily stop the bleeding. In order to reliably stop blood loss, it is necessary to tightly stuff the wound with sterile gauze turundas (tampons). As a turunda, you can use skeins of a sterile bandage.

Wound tamponade is the only effective measure to stop bleeding deep wounds

If there are no sterile bandages, in case of massive bleeding, any tissue material at hand (not necessarily sterile) can be used to pack the wound.

First aid for internal bleeding

If internal bleeding is suspected, an ambulance should be called. In the process of waiting for bleeding from the stomach or bronchi, you should try to keep vertical position torso of the victim. This is necessary to prevent suffocation by masses of blood. If a person is unconscious, his head or entire body should be turned to the side so that blood can drain freely from oral cavity. These measures are the only first aid measures for internal bleeding outside medical institution.

The patient with a massive flow of blood from the oral cavity must be given a lateral position.

Medical care for venous hemorrhages

Even in the event of stopping venous hemorrhage, it is necessary to deliver the victim to a medical facility. In the presence of internal bleeding, hospitalization is mandatory even if blood loss stops. Bleeding can spontaneously resume at any minute.

With external bleeding, the doctor will examine the site of injury. If the bleeding has stopped and the victim feels satisfactory, then hospitalization is not required. The wound will need to be treated daily with an antiseptic (hydrogen peroxide) until complete healing.

Hospitalization is necessary in the following cases:

• with ongoing hemorrhage;
• with a deep wound (infection of the wound with pathogens cannot be ruled out);
• with signs of large blood loss (pallor, shortness of breath, tachycardia).

In the hospital, the damaged vessels are sutured, the wound is treated. With deep wounds, the wound is tamponade with special medical means - hemostatic sponges, turundas treated with specific solutions. These funds accelerate the formation of a blood clot in the area of ​​bleeding, which accelerates the stop of blood. In case of injury with metal objects or contamination of the wound with earth, tetanus is prevented by introducing therapeutic serum.

Wound stitching - surgery, which is done to stop heavy bleeding

If there are signs of loss of a large volume of blood, saline sodium chloride as a blood substitute. At significant reduction hemoglobin level (less than 70 g/l) requires red blood cell transfusion.

If internal bleeding is suspected, diagnostic measures described above. They allow you to identify the source of blood loss and eliminate it.

Internal bleeding, even with a small amount of blood loss, can be fatal. For example, with hemorrhage, the lumen closes from the vessels of the bronchi respiratory tract. The victim may die from lack of oxygen. Therefore, it is important to send the patient to a specialized medical facility. Any sign of internal bleeding should call an ambulance. It is not recommended to deliver the victim to the hospital on your own, as on the way needed help can only be provided by physicians. In addition, the ambulance doctor should decide where the patient will be transported. Some types of internal bleeding require complex diagnostic and treatment equipment, which is not available in all medical institutions.

Forecast

Small external bleeding from the veins, as a rule, does not pose a danger to life, provided that assistance is provided to the victim. Small hemorrhages after performing emergency measures stops within 3-5 minutes. Possible complication external bleeding is infection of the wound if not observed antiseptic conditions during first aid.

With massive external and internal bleeding possible development hemorrhagic shock, which is characterized by:

• severe tachycardia (heart rate over 120 per minute);
• a sharp drop in blood pressure to 60-80 mm. rt. Art.;
• marble pallor of the skin;
• confusion.

The victim may die if he is not provided with timely medical care with hemorrhagic shock.

Internal bleeding of any localization poses a threat to life, since it is impossible to provide emergency care outside a medical institution. Therefore, the prognosis in this case is determined not only by the massiveness of blood loss, but also by the speed of delivery of the patient to the medical organization.

If the cause of hemorrhage is malignant tumor, which destroyed the vessel, or a blood disease, bleeding can repeatedly return. To prevent rebleeding, the underlying cause must be addressed.

Video: what you need to know about venous hemorrhages

Venous hemorrhages can be accompanied by the loss of a significant volume of blood, which is extremely dangerous for human life. Therefore, it is necessary to have an idea about the distinctive characteristics of bleeding from the venous bed and the methods of providing emergency care when they occur.

Can bear the loss of only 500 milliliters of blood without much consequences. The outpouring of 1000 ml is dangerous, and the loss of more than 1 liter of blood threatens human life. If the loss is 2 liters or more, then the victim needs an emergency replenishment of blood loss. Bleeding from a large arterial vessel can lead to death in just a few minutes. Therefore, if possible, it should be quickly and reliably stopped. It is important to bear in mind that the elderly over 70 years of age, people weakened by any disease and children do not tolerate even a small loss of blood.

There are several types of bleeding:
- capillary, in most cases it stops easily;
- arterial, can quickly bleed the victim, therefore it represents greatest danger;
- venous, which is much less intense than arterial, but threatens the health and life of a person, unlike capillary;
- mixed.

First aid for any of them is aimed at stopping bleeding and protecting the wound from infection. The main thing is to correctly establish which vessels are damaged - capillaries, arteries or true.

With venous blood flows out in a slow, continuous jet pulsating in time with breathing. Its color is dark red or cherry. Venous bleeding may result from traumatic injury veins, ruptures of the blood mucosa of the nose (with increased blood pressure, taking aspirin) or ruptured veins (with varicose veins). Especially dangerous is bleeding from the subclavian, jugular and femoral veins. It is best to stop it with a pressure bandage.

So, if a person has venous bleeding, the first thing to do is lift the wound area. This is necessary in order for the blood to flow from the damaged area. Then proceed to the imposition of pressure. Apply it just below the damage, because. venous blood flows to the heart from peripheral vessels. It is better to use an individual dressing package. And if it was not at hand, apply several layers of sterile gauze, bandage or gauze pads to the wound. Put a handkerchief (gauze, bandage or gauze napkin folded in several layers) on them.

Next, to strengthen the bandage, make a few rounds (turns) with a bandage. Bandage the pressure bandage very tightly to the injury site. Remember, each new tour overlaps so that the previous one is overlapped by 50-70%. Thus, you squeeze the gaps of the vessels that have been damaged and stop the bleeding. If the blood has stopped flowing, and the pulsation below is preserved, the bandage is applied correctly. But if it is again saturated with blood, then put a few more layers of gauze (napkins, bandages) on top of it and bandage it tightly again. If possible, place a heating pad on top that is filled with cold water or an ice pack. Do not forget after half an hour for 10-15 minutes. This is necessary to restore general blood flow in the wound area.

In case of bleeding from the nose, press its wing against the septum, after placing a cotton turunda moistened with hydrogen peroxide in the nasal passage. Apply cold to the back of the head or bridge of the nose for 4-5 minutes. Then remove for 3-4 minutes and put again. Do this until the bleeding stops completely. Keep your head straight, because. if you throw it back, blood will flow along the back of the throat.

The materials are published for review and are not a prescription for treatment! We recommend that you contact a hematologist at your healthcare facility!

The occurrence of venous bleeding occurs quite often. This is explained by saphenous veins have a superficial location, often causing intense blood loss even with relatively minor injuries. Most of victims at the sight a large number blood simply becomes confused, and therefore does not have the opportunity to help itself. Therefore, in order to avoid disastrous consequences, it is very important to know the features of first aid for bleeding.

Common manifestations and types of venous bleeding

There are several types of venous bleeding, depending on the location:

1. In superficial veins located in the lower and upper limbs.
2. In the veins that are between the muscles (deep veins).
3. In the jugular veins located in the neck and head.

Symptoms

It is very important that first aid for venous bleeding is provided in a timely manner. Therefore, you should be aware of what are the main signs of venous bleeding:

• Wounds of any kind, including cut, stab, shrapnel, gunshot, etc., which were received at the locations of the veins.
• The color of blood is dark red.
• The flow of blood is rapid, without interruption.
• If you press on a vein that is located near the wound, then there is a decrease in the intensity of bleeding.

It will be useful for you to learn also about on our website.

Note. Most often, bleeding from the veins is the result of suicide attempts, as well as injuries inflicted by cold or firearms.

Bleeding from superficial veins

Even with complete intersection of any of the saphenous veins general circulation will not be broken. But the resulting bleeding can be fatal. The most dangerous damage to the following veins:

• Located on the inside of the wrist.
• A large vein that runs along the lower leg and thigh.
• Venous plexuses present on the foot (dorsal side).
• Veins located outside the forearm and upper arm.

signs

Consider what characterizes this type of bleeding:

1. If the small saphenous veins were damaged, then in this case stoppage of blood can occur by itself some time after the injury.
2. Most of the bleeding occurs from the lower end of the vein, since the direction of blood flow is from top to bottom.
3. Increased bleeding may occur with alcohol intoxication, blood diseases, high blood pressure.

Important! If there has been an intersection of the veins of the shoulder or thigh, then it is very rare to stop such bleeding on your own. In this case, you should immediately seek the help of professionals.

Video: first aid for venous bleeding

How to give first aid

Now consider how to stop venous bleeding:

1. The easiest way to stop is to clamp the vein. This is done just below the break.

Advice! If the above option did not bring results, then try to clamp the vein above the wound.

1. The wound is washed with an antiseptic solution, such as hydrogen peroxide, after which it should be closed with a gauze bandage covering the skin both above and below the wound. For greater efficiency, a gauze roller is first placed on the wound, after which it is bandaged.
2. In order to permanently eliminate the bleeding, it is necessary to suture skin wound which is done exclusively by a specialist.

Bleeding from deep veins

The location of large veins is between the muscle fibers. About 70% of the blood returns to the heart through these vessels, so damage to such a vein is fraught with significant danger to life. In addition, blood circulation in the limbs may be disturbed.

signs

The main signs of bleeding occurring in deep veins:

1. From the wound there is an abundant flow of blood of a dark shade. There is no pulsating jet characteristic of .
2. With pressure on the saphenous veins, the intensity of bleeding does not decrease. Stopping with a tourniquet doesn't help either.
3. There is a significant loss of blood, blood pressure drops, collapse occurs.
4. Deep veins are located on inner surface limbs. If the damage has a different localization, then most likely these veins were not affected.

Important! The most common deep veins are damaged in the shoulder and thigh.

First aid

If the patient is present such venous should be treated immediately. With even a slight delay, there is Great chance lethal outcome.

Consider what should be the first aid point by point:

1. If the wound has big sizes, then a special technique of applying a pressure bandage is used. This is a tight circular bandage applied after packing the wound with a gauze pad.
2. If there are linear wounds on the skin and there are signs that the deep veins could be damaged, then a dense tissue roller is applied to the wound, which is pressed tightly and fixed by tight bandaging.

The next step is the professional assistance of specialists, which is carried out in a clinical setting.

Advice! If venous bleeding occurs, it is not recommended to apply a tourniquet to the wound, because similar actions can only lead to increased bleeding.

Bleeding from the neck veins

Main in human body are internal and external jugular veins. Damage to the latter is more common, but problems with the internal vein are fraught with more serious consequences.

signs

Although clinical manifestations bleeding from the cervical veins do not differ from other venous bleeding, the consequences and rules for first aid in this case are different.