Lack of vitamins in the body. Silent signs that your body lacks vitamins and minerals. Among them are

Instruction

Most often, the body is deficient in several vitamins, which is the reason for the variety of symptoms. However, this manifests itself differently for everyone. Some have malaise and deterioration in appearance, while others have symptoms of illness. It depends on the degree of beriberi and the potential of the organism. But in most cases, the deficiency of any organic compounds is first manifested by alarming symptoms and only then causes poor health.

One of the first to suffer from beriberi is the nervous system. And the main signs of its violation are memory loss, poor and short night sleep, irritability, desire to conflict and argue, bad mood from the moment of awakening, inability to concentrate on reading or work, depression, anxious, obsessive thoughts and a broken state in the evening. Most often this is due to a lack of vitamin C, D, group B and choline.

The circulatory system suffers no less from beriberi. And a sure sign of this is numbness of the legs and severe fatigue in the evening, convulsions, redness of the eyelids and corneas of the eyes, a decrease in skin elasticity, itching in some of its areas, due to the weakness of the blood vessels, varicose veins develop, bleeding. Most often, these are caused by a deficiency of vitamin C and K.

The respiratory system reacts in its own way to vitamin deficiency. Sudden appearance of redness on the face, sometimes swelling of the lips, frequent sneezing, asthma attacks, allergies, inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. One of the causes of these symptoms is a lack of vitamins A, E and C in the body.

The digestive organs respond to a lack of vitamins with a feeling of discomfort, especially after taking something, for example, kefir, as well as frequent diarrhea or constipation, intestinal colic, gastritis, unwillingness to have breakfast. Such symptoms may arise from a deficiency of vitamin A and group B.

The skin reacts quite strongly to the lack of vitamins. It becomes flabby, dry or oily, with frequent acne, bruising on the body, or petechial hemorrhages. Small wrinkles form above the upper lip, and itching appears due to dryness. If these signs are combined with severe hair loss, a change in the shape or structure of the nails, then this is a sure indication of a lack of vitamins A, E, C and choline in the body.

The musculoskeletal system reacts to vitamin deficiency by reducing the elasticity of the ligaments, crunching, pain in the spine and various joints, severe physical fatigue in the evening, impaired posture, excess weight and muscle flabbiness. These symptoms appear with a lack of vitamins B2, B5, B6, D, C, E and choline.

Vitamins are necessary not only for the normal course of all metabolic processes, but also for the activation of trace elements that are present in the body most often in sufficient quantities. And accordingly, the deficiency of the first leads to a deficiency of the second, which further aggravates the state of many body systems. And beriberi can be avoided only by eating properly prepared, fresh food, mainly of plant origin. But since she is not able to fully meet all the needs, it is worth taking prophylactic doses of ready-made vitamin and mineral preparations at least 2 times a year.

Lack of vitamins and minerals in the food that enters the body can cause serious health problems. Various anemias, osteoporosis, rickets in babies and other ailments are caused by just such a deficiency. How to suspect the first symptoms of a lack of any vitamin or mineral? Let's talk on this page www.site about what exactly is the lack of minerals and the lack of vitamins in the body, we will name the symptoms indicating them. ...

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency symptoms

People with vitamin C deficiency suffer from oral diseases. Often their gums bleed, their teeth stagger and fall out for no reason. The disease scurvy is a critical example of such a deficiency.
The permeability of blood vessels is impaired, so spontaneous bruising and pinpoint hemorrhages occur on the skin.
The skin itself is dry, in autumn small wounds and cuts do not heal well.
With a long course of hypovitaminosis C, hair begins to fall out.

Symptoms of deficiency of vitamin B 1 or otherwise thiamine

The lack of vitamin B 1 affects primarily the functioning of the nervous system.

A person becomes whiny and irritable, prone to causeless anxiety.
Night sleep is disturbed, there are problems with memorization.
Perhaps the appearance of involuntary muscle contractions, sometimes convulsions, up to paralysis.
Appetite disappears, intestinal disorders are observed, as a result, a person loses weight, loses weight.
Blood pressure drops, shortness of breath appears. Any load becomes unbearable.
With a significant shortage of B 1, acute cardiovascular failure may occur.

Symptoms of deficiency of vitamin B 2 or otherwise riboflavin

B 2 (riboflavin) is found in meat, dairy products, cereals. Therefore, vegetarians are more likely to suffer from a deficiency of this vitamin.

Externally, the lack of B 2 is clearly visible on the face. Dry skin, cracks and jams in the corners of the mouth, a sharply defined border of the lips - this is the appearance of a patient with hypovitaminosis B 2. The tongue becomes bright red and becomes dry.
Hair dry, brittle, prone to falling out.
Seborrheic dermatitis develops. Plaques are located on the face near the wings of the nose, on the head.
Decreased visual acuity. It is difficult for the patient to look at the light because of pain in the eyes.

Symptoms of deficiency of vitamin B 5 aka pantothenic acid

Deficiency B 5 develops with improper or malnutrition.

Patients complain of tingling, burning in the fingertips. Sometimes there is numbness in the arms or legs.
Fatigue, weakness, insomnia are also symptoms of B-5 deficiency. Such patients do not have a good mood - depression develops.
The stomach suffers - vomiting, nausea appear.
Immune strength decreases - a person very often catches a cold.
If Deficiency B 5 is not replenished in any way, mental and mental development is retarded.

Symptoms of vitamin B 6 deficiency or otherwise pyridoxine

Deficiency of vitamin B 6 causes disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system.

Irritability, anxiety, excitement for no apparent reason, insomnia are signs of hypovitaminosis B 6.
Seizures appear periodically.
From the skin and mucous membranes: dermatitis, seborrhea, stomatitis, glossitis.
Eye lesions - frequent conjunctivitis.
Reduced immunity - frequent colds.
Poor appetite, nausea, vomiting.

Symptoms of vitamin B 12 deficiency or otherwise cyanocobalamin

Paleness, lethargy, weakness, ringing in the ears, dizziness.
Lack of appetite.
Dry skin and hair.
Decreased memory.
Pathology of the stomach and liver.
Violation of hematopoiesis, anemia.

Symptoms of deficiency of vitamin A or otherwise tocopherol

It is the deficiency of tocopherol that is most to blame for the poor condition of the skin and hair. Therefore, cosmetologists love it very much, it is part of many body care products. Vitamin A deficiency is characterized by:

Seborrhea, dermatitis, acne, acne, etc.
Hair is dull, brittle, dry. Dandruff appears.
The nails are brittle and do not grow well.
A person does not see well at dusk - night blindness appears. Vision deteriorates sharply, the eyes can constantly water. The cornea becomes cloudy, seborrheic accumulations appear on the eyelids.
Teeth become sensitive to cold and hot food.
Frequent colds, pathologies of the intestines and stomach.

Vitamin D deficiency symptoms

Hypovitaminosis D is a childhood pathology that is manifested by a specific disease, rickets. in the body causes a violation of the metabolism of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus.

Vitamin K deficiency symptoms

With hypovitaminosis K, hemorrhagic syndrome develops. Accompanied by:

Various subcutaneous hemorrhages.
Spontaneous bruising on the skin
Bleeding from the nose.
Causes bad breath.

Vitamin E deficiency symptoms

muscle dystrophy.
Respiratory failure.
Cyanosis on the skin (tip of the nose, earlobes, fingertips, lips become bluish).
Liver pathology develops.

We have taken a detailed look at the specific symptoms of a deficiency in essential vitamins. It should be noted that in modern life, hypovitaminosis is rarely monocomponent, polyhypovitaminosis is more common, that is, when there is a lack of several vitamins in the body at the same time. Therefore, complex vitamin and mineral preparations become the main treatment for polyhypovitaminosis.

About how the lack of minerals in the body manifests itself (symptoms)

Symptoms of a lack of one or another mineral substance overlap with signs of hypovitaminosis. Moreover, vitamin deficiency disturbs the balance of trace elements, and vice versa. All life processes are closely interconnected and must be harmonious. Only then, a person will be truly healthy. We talk about the external manifestations of a mineral deficiency so that you can suspect problems in the body in time and seek medical help in a timely manner.

If magnesium is low

Hands and feet will be constantly cold.
The skin will acquire an unpleasant odor.
You will become irritated and nervous over trifles.
The coordination of movements will be disturbed.
Lost appetite.

When there is not enough calcium

Bad teeth, weak bones, brittle nails are the main symptoms of this deficiency. It is especially important to monitor the calcium content for the elderly - due to its lack, osteoporosis develops, which is very dangerous for bone fractures. It can cramp the calves of the legs, there are pains in the joints.

If low potassium

There will definitely be problems with blood vessels and the heart. The pressure will rise, blood glucose will increase, swelling will appear on the legs. There is a constant thirst. Muscles hurt, nightly convulsive contractions in the calves are also present. The skin is dry and flabby.

Zinc deficiency

Most of all, men suffer from it - the potency and pathology of the prostate gland are disturbed.
The appetite disappears, because the sense of smell and taste sensations are disturbed.
Nails break, white spots appear on them.
Abrasions and wounds do not heal well.

iodine deficiency

Accompanied by impaired memory and mental activity. Thyroid disorders develop. Dry skin, brittle nails. Obesity develops, the level of cholesterol in the blood rises.

If selenium is low

Selenium deficiency significantly increases the risk of cancer. In children under 3 years of age, a lack of selenium can cause sudden death. Joints and eyesight suffer. Skin diseases develop - eczema, psoriasis, etc.

iron deficiency

Causes anemia. Hence - pallor and dryness of the skin, hemorrhagic rashes. Lethargy, fatigue, metallic taste in the mouth.

Symptoms of this or that deficiency should alert you from the very beginning. Do not delay visiting a doctor, because self-medication in this case will not bring any benefit. Even the most expensive package of complex multivitamins will not work properly if you do not take them for their intended purpose. After all, the problem may turn out to be much more serious than you immediately thought. And one more thing: remember that any excess of vitamins and minerals is much worse than any deficiency. Make friends with doctors!

Vitamin A deficiency is a pathological condition associated with a deficiency of a substance in the body. It is manifested by visual impairment, xerophthalmia, conjunctivitis, dry skin and other symptoms. A lack of vitamin A leads to diseases of the intestines and respiratory tract.

The role and norms of vitamin A in the body

Vitamin A is a fat soluble substance. It has two forms: carotene (provitamin A, vitamin A2, found in plant foods) and retinol (the original vitamin, A1, comes from animal foods). Conversion of carotene to retinol, reserve accumulation occurs in the liver. Additional depot - adipose tissue. The body always has a supply of retinol, which is released when needed.

Retinol performs important functions:

• accelerates oxidative processes;
• slows down aging;
• participates in growth, cell regeneration, formation of dental and bone tissue;
• responsible for maintaining the integrity of the epithelium;
• stimulates the immune system, gonads;
• is an antioxidant: protects cells from damage and malignant degeneration;
• takes a direct part in the work of the organs of vision. Vitamin A is involved in the resynthesis of rhodopsin, a pigment present in retinal rods. With a lack of vitamin A, the synthesis is disturbed, hemeralopia develops - a decrease in twilight vision;
• responsible for the normal development of the embryo.

It is very important for children - it ensures growth and development in accordance with age.

The norms of its daily intake (80% of the norm in the form of retinol, the remaining 20% ​​- in the form of carotenoids):

• 0-12 months: 0.4 mg;
• 1-3 years: 0.45 mg;
• 4-6 years: 0.5 mg;
• 7-10 years: 0.7 mg;
• 11-50 years old: 0.8 mg;
• pregnant women: 0.8 + 0.2 mg;
• lactating mothers: 0.8 + 0.4 mg.

Persons engaged in heavy physical labor need 1 mg of the vitamin daily. This category is at risk for hypovitaminosis A.

Causes of vitamin A deficiency

The level of vitamin A in newborns is low, but in the first days of life it rises rapidly due to intake with colostrum, breast milk, and adapted mixtures. In healthy children and adults who are on a balanced diet, the risk of developing hypo- and avitaminosis A is small. What leads to a pathological condition?

• A diet deficient in foods rich in vitamin A. Minimization in the diet of milk, vegetables, fruits, oils, eggs, liver, fats can lead to insufficiency;
• Being on parenteral nutrition;
• Low intake of protein foods. Leads to a lack of protein - a carrier of the vitamin;
• Violation of the absorption of retinol in the intestine with: celiac disease, celiac disease, cholecystitis, spastic colitis, Crohn's disease, diseases of the liver, pancreas, intestines, anemia, alcoholism, cholestasis, disseminated tuberculosis, long-term use of mineral oil;
• Vitamin loss by the body in case of: oncological diseases, chronic infections, diseases of the urinary tract;
• Conditions in which there is an intensive consumption of vitamin A: rapid growth and development, pregnancy, lactation, increased physical, mental stress, stress.

Pathogenesis of A-vitamin deficiency

The exogenous form of hypovitaminosis A is rare, the condition is mostly secondary - i.e. mediated by some pathology.

A lack of vitamin A causes a pathological change in the skin, its derivatives and mucous membranes: atrophy of the sweat, salivary glands, dry skin and membranes lining the respiratory tract (nostrils, paranasal sinuses, trachea, bronchi). According to some vitaminologists, psoriasis is also associated with hypovitaminosis A.

Signs of Vitamin A Deficiency

They do not develop immediately, they indicate a pronounced hypovitaminosis.

• Dryness of the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose;
• Single white spots on the oral mucosa;
• Dryness, peeling of the skin;
• (late symptom);
• Deep cracks in the skin in the area of ​​the knee and elbow joints;
• The appearance of wrinkles, early aging;
• "Goosebumps" on the hips;
• Acne;
• Severe hair loss;
• Dandruff;
• Fragility of the nail plates;
• Deterioration of twilight vision;
• Soreness in the eyes in bright light;
• Dryness, dullness of the conjunctiva;
• keratinization of the cornea;
• Decreased secretion of the lacrimal glands;
• Plaques of Iskersky - Bito on the sclera of the eyes;
• In severe cases, necrotic softening of the cornea (keratomalacia), ending in blindness.

The combination of a decrease in twilight vision, dryness, clouding of the conjunctiva is a reliable sign of vitamin A deficiency in the body.

Vitamin A deficiency in children is manifested by growth retardation, constant fatigue, decreased immunity, dryness, pale skin, color blindness, and a decrease in twilight vision.

Nonspecific symptoms of vitamin A deficiency:

• decrease in performance
• insomnia,
• reproductive dysfunction,
• decreased immunity,
• frequent, long-term infections.

Symptoms of long-term A-vitamin deficiency

Prolonged hypovitaminosis A leads to beriberi and serious health problems:

• dermatitis;
• intestinal infections;
• anemia;
• bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia;
• purulent encephalitis;
• cysts in the liver;
• urinary incontinence;
• mastopathy, cervical erosion, thrush in women;
• decreased libido and erection in men;
• chronic infections.

The role of vitamin A deficiency in the development of pancreatic and lung cancer is not excluded.

Diagnosis of its deficiency

The approach to diagnosis is complex.

• Biomicroscopy of the eye (yellowish and white small plaques);
• Determination of the content of vitamin A in blood serum (norm: 0.3 to 0.8 μg / ml);
• Study of dark adaptation of vision (leading symptom).

Treatment of vitamin A deficiency

A diet rich in provitamin and vitamin A is prescribed. If hypovitaminosis is associated with a violation of the diet, this measure is sufficient. It is important to remember that A is a fat-soluble substance: fats are necessary for its absorption and must be present in food. Smoking and alcohol cessation is required.

• Retinol preparations are administered orally or intramuscularly. The daily therapeutic dose is 25,000-50,000 IU of retinol (rarely at a maximum daily dose of 100,000 IU). When taken internally, the dose is divided into 2-3 doses, when injected, it is administered with one infection. The course of treatment is 2-4 weeks, in prophylactic doses - 2-3 months.
• The dose of retinol for children is calculated individually by age, the upper allowable level is no more than 1000 mcg (20,000 IU). Average doses:
  • children up to a year 1650 ME;
  • children 1-6 years old 3300 ME;
  • children from 7 years old 5000 ME.

Vitamin A preparations for children and adults

• Retinol acetate oil solution, 100,000 IU in 1 ml;
• Retinol acetate (vitamin A capsules) for children over 18 years old and adults, 33,000 IU in 1 capsule.
• How to give children vitamin A? Oil solution - on a piece of black bread. Capsules - whole, washed down with water.
• Vitamin A and E are often prescribed together. A popular drug for children from 14 years old and adults: Aevit.

Deficiency and excess of vitamin A are equally dangerous for the body. Long-term treatment with retinol in doses of 100,000 IU per day is fraught with the development of hypervitaminosis, which is characterized by: subcutaneous hemorrhages, vomiting, nausea, headache, redness of the skin. Self-treatment and dose changes without a doctor's prescription are unacceptable.

Sources of vitamin A and carotene / per 100 gr. product:

Prevention

Rational nutrition is an easy way to prevent vitamin deficiency for a healthy person. For people suffering from diseases that disrupt the absorption of the vitamin in the intestines, periodic intake of retinol preparations in prophylactic doses (5000-10,000 IU) is relevant for 2-3 weeks better than multivitamins Vitrum, Duovit, Complivit and etc.).

Consequences

A running process is dangerous with a significant deterioration in vision, a malfunction in the immune and digestive systems, and premature aging. A lack of vitamin A causes disease and is fraught with a high risk of cancer. To prevent this, at the first sign of a lack of vitamin A, you should consult a doctor.

The main feature of substances belonging to the vitamins of this group is their property not to accumulate in the body, being excreted from it together with urine. This fact puts a person before a choice: either constantly replenish their reserves and feel great, or feel their shortage, which is fraught with the development of various kinds of pathologies.

But there is also a feedback - the reasons for the lack of B vitamins - may lie in the pathologies and negative effects already existing in the patient's body.

The sources that can cause this deficiency are extensive, but let's recall the most common ones:

• Studies have shown that in a situation where people find themselves in a stressful situation, their need for vitamin B1 increases tenfold, while B2, B5, B6 begin to be “processed” by the body fivefold, which naturally requires their urgent replenishment.
• With a pathological lesion of the digestive organs (gastritis, colitis), a failure occurs in the process of synthesizing such substances, which also leads to their deficiency.
• Disorders in the functioning of the thyroid gland also lead to a pathological clinical picture. This applies to both reduced and increased production of the enzyme. Such a failure leads to a shortage of B2.
• Avitaminosis can be a consequence of long-term therapy of certain pharmacological drugs. This fact is especially true for sulfonamides, antidepressants, tetracycline antibiotics.
• The cause of the shortage can be the acidity of the stomach, that is, its insufficiency, which requires the need for additional administration of B3.
• When using hormonal contraceptives as contraceptives, the body begins to require more vitamin B2.
• The processing of the substances in question is also enhanced with increased physical exertion.
• The female body feels a shortage of substances during pregnancy.
• With inadequate and poorly balanced nutrition.

Symptoms of vitamin B deficiency

First of all, it should be noted that the female population is especially worried - this is that with a shortage of substances from series B, the fair sex begins to visually observe a loss of attractiveness. Among other things, a person begins to suffer from various negative pathologies. Symptoms of vitamin B deficiency:

• Fatigue appears.
• A person becomes more emotionally unstable, not always adequately responding to various stimuli.
• Sleep disturbance may be observed.
• Toxicosis of the first trimester of pregnancy.

The lack of substances of this group can also be visually observed on the condition of the skin:

• The epidermis begins to peel off.
• Hyperemic spots appear on the face.
• The condition of hair and nails deteriorates, they lose their healthy shine and become more brittle.

With a sufficiently significant lack of vitamins, more complex and dangerous diseases can develop:

• Exacerbate or, conversely, begin to develop pathological changes affecting the gastrointestinal tract: gastritis, enterocolitis, ulcerative manifestations, colitis and others.
• Diseases that affect the genitourinary system.
• Severe forms of infectious diseases.
• Atonic constipation.
• Hepatitis.
• myocardial dystrophy.
• Diabetes.
• Various neuralgias.
• Radiculitis.
• Uterine bleeding.
• Allergic reaction.

It should be noted that the lack of a particular vitamin has its own symptomatic feature. B1 has its own pharmacological name - thiamine. Even a slight lack of it can cause:

• Increased fatigue.
• Memory problems.
• Cardiopalmus.
• Shortness of breath, which appears with even a slight load or movement.
• Sleep problems.
• Headache.
• Nutrition problems.

If the patient's body is exposed to thiamine deficiency for a long time, the person begins to feel:

• Muscle weakness, which leads to uncertain walking, violation of statics.
• On palpation in the calf muscle, pain is felt.
• Goosebumps appear in the lower and upper limbs.
• The transmission of implicit impulses, in the formation of which B1 is involved, is disrupted.

Such a disorder is observed quite rarely due to the rapid rate of absorption of vitamin B1.

B2 in pharmacology is referred to as riboflavin. Even a slight deficiency invariably affects the appearance of a person and his condition:

• Exfoliation of the skin on the face.
• The appearance of "zaid" in the corners of the lips (cracks).
• Eyelids redden.
• The number of emerging barley is increasing.
• There is a violation of appetite.
• Visual impairment.
• The intensity of hemoglobin production decreases, which can lead to anemia.
• There is an emotional shift due to the appearance of depressive states and irritability.

B3 in pharmacology is referred to as nicotinic acid or niacin. Lack of it in the human body can cause:

• Occurrence and progression of dermatitis.
• The appearance of a constant sound background in the ears (noise).
• Dizziness.
• There may be a problem with the desire to eat.
• Weakening of protective forces, which leads to frequent acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI).

Nicotinic acid improves blood flow, reduces the level of cholesterol plaques, and has a beneficial effect on the central nervous system. Consequently, it is these areas that suffer from its shortage. B4 in pharmacology is designated by the term choline.

• Its deficiency "hits" the metabolic processes occurring in the liver, and the transport of enzymes produced by it to the digestive organs is also inhibited.
• There are memory problems.

B5 in pharmacology is designated by the term pantothenic acid. Its shortage is quite rare, since B5 is present in small amounts in almost all foods. The main sign of a lack of pantothenic acid is the often manifested numbness of the limbs (both upper and lower). But its significant deficiency can cause severe brain pathologies, great overweight, up to obesity and mucosal disease.

B6 is also known as pyridoxine. He takes part in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, which include the "enzyme of happiness." Hence, with a lack of pyridoxine, there is:

• Drowsiness.
• Inflammatory process affecting the gum tissue.
• The appearance in the oral cavity of a feeling of dryness.
• The retardation is both motor and emotional.
• There may be irritability.
• Loss of appetite.
• Nausea.
• Sleep loss.
• Violation of the synthesis of glycogen and red blood cells.
• Dermatitis on the face, seborrheic.

With its shortage, an exacerbation of such diseases occurs:

• Asthma attacks.
• Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

Doctors and pharmacists know B7 as the chemical compound biotin. This substance works to convert fat cells into energy, which is especially valuable for a living organism. Therefore, when its amount drops below the norm, fat metabolism fails. In addition, its long-term deficiency causes:

• It provokes the development of skin lesions.
• General weakness, drowsiness.
• Loss of appetite.
• The onset of depression.
• The appearance of nausea.
• There is a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood.
• There is increased hair loss.
• Decreased vascular and muscle tone, which leads to a drop in blood pressure.
• Symptoms of conjunctivitis appear.
• There is a delamination and fragility of the nail plates.
• Possible exacerbation of psoriasis attacks.
• Biotin deficiency can cause a failure of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.
• There is pain in the muscles.

B8 - this substance is still hidden under the term inositol. In case of its deficiency in the human body, significant changes occur:

• Accumulation of fat cells in the liver.
• There are signs of a dermatological nature.
• The development of atherosclerosis is accelerated.
• Violation of the musculoskeletal system.
• Structural changes in nerve receptors occur, which leads to psychological problems.

B9 is a substance in medical and pharmacological circles known as folic acid. If the body does not get enough of this particular acid, people with such a deficiency begin to feel:

• Significant loss of strength.
• Loss of appetite.
• The protein shell of the eyes acquires a yellowish tint.
• Anemia develops rapidly.
• There are problems with the skin and hair.
• This substance is actively involved in the synthesis of red blood cells, it is simply irreplaceable during the development and formation of the fetus. Therefore, its lack during pregnancy provokes a slowdown or a complete stop in the development of the embryo.
• Irritability.
• Dizziness.
• Pain symptoms in the tongue and abdomen.
• Nausea.

B10 has its own pharmacological name - para-aminobenzoic acid. In case of insufficient intake of B10:

• There is a failure in the synthesis of erythrocytes (red blood cells).
• There is a violation in the work of the intestine. The disorder can lead to diarrhea, constipation, flatulence and other manifestations.
• The appearance of signs of anemia.
• Neurasthenia.
• There is also a deficiency of para-aminobenzoic acid on the human skin.
• Increased fragility, loss and early graying of hair.
• Headache.
• Insufficient milk production in a nursing mother.
• Decreased libido.

B11 is the medical term for carnitine. With a deficiency of carnitine observed:

• Decreased muscle tone.
• Fast fatiguability.
• Failures in the work of the heart.
• Development of liver and kidney dysfunction.
• Slowing down the breakdown of fat cells leads to the appearance of extra pounds and obesity.

B12 is also known as cobalamin. Takes part in the synthesis of erythrocytes - red blood cells. Therefore, its lack can provoke:

• The appearance of dandruff.
• Increased fragility of bones and hair.
• The fragility of blood vessels increases.
• There are signs of atherosclerosis.
• Disorder in the work of the intestines.
• Emotional instability.
• Paresthesia in the legs.
• The appearance of pain in the calf muscles.

Treatment of vitamin B deficiency

Mostly, the treatment of a lack of B vitamins is carried out on an outpatient basis. First of all, to compensate for the lack of nutrients, the diet is adjusted, which must necessarily include foods rich in one or another vitamin. Therefore, the more complete and varied the table of a person, the less likely it is to develop beriberi and deficiency of a particular substance.

If any circumstances have instilled in a lack of a certain vitamin, or a disease has aggravated, which a certain substance of the vitamin group will help overcome, then medications (analogues of natural vitamins) are prescribed, which replenish more rapidly, and also maintain effectiveness in the complex treatment of a specific pathology exposure to drugs of other pharmacological groups.

Preparations for vitamin B deficiency

The modern pharmacological industry has simply "flooded" the counters of pharmacies of various kinds with synthesized, semi-synthetic and natural vitamins and vitamin-mineral complexes. Therefore, if the problem is not so significant as to support the patient's body, the doctor may prescribe such a complex. For example, it can be materna, pikovit, undovit, vitrum, benfogamma and many others.

• Materna is a vitamin and mineral complex specially designed for pregnant women or women who are just planning to conceive. Reception mode - one tablet once a day. If necessary, this dosage can be adjusted by the doctor.

If a deficiency of a certain vitamin B substance is established, then the doctor prescribes more specific drugs for the deficiency of B vitamins to his patient.

With a deficiency of B1, drugs such as thio-vitamin, thiamine, aneurin, thiamine pyrophosphate will effectively fill its shortage.

The drug is introduced into the patient's body in various ways. Which technique to prefer is decided only by the attending physician. B1, depending on the clinical picture, can be administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously or orally.

The daily dosage of this vitamin is determined by both gender and age.

For men, the daily amount of B1 is from 1.2 to 2.1 mg. A woman should receive it in the range of 1.1 to 1.5 mg, while during pregnancy this dosage is increased by 0.4 mg, and during lactation by 0.6 mg. Elderly people should consume 1.2 to 1.4 mg of thiamine daily. For toddlers, the dosage consumed depends on age and falls within the range of 0.3 to 1.5 mg.

Starting parenteral administration should be started with a small dosage and with adequate tolerance, the amount administered can be increased, the dosage of the drug being administered varies, and depending on the active substance. For example, with a solution of thiamine chloride for adults, 20-50 mg is prescribed, and with the introduction of a solution of thiamine bromide, 30-60 mg once a day.

For children, this ratio is thiamine chloride - 12.5 mg or thiamine bromide - 15 mg.

The duration of the treatment course can be from 10 to 30 days.

At the same time, other drugs can be introduced into the treatment protocol, the basis of which are vitamins of the B series.

In the case when a lack of vitamin B2 is detected, in addition to good nutrition, the doctor prescribes drugs such as riboflavin, beflavin, lactoben, betavitam, vitamin B2, ribovin, ovoflavin, vitaplex B2, lactoflavin, flavitol, vitaflavin, beflavit, flavaxin.

The drug is administered orally for an adult patient at a dose of 5-10 mg per day. If the patient's condition is severe, then this dose can be increased and taken 10 mg three times a day. The duration of treatment is from two weeks to one and a half months.

For small patients, depending on age, the drug is administered at a dosage of 2 to 5 mg, and with a severe clinical picture, up to 10 mg per day.

The necessary reasonable daily dosage is for adults - approximately 2.5 mg, for people whose work is associated with great physical exertion - up to 3 mg. Newborns six months to a year - 0.6 mg. Babies whose ages fall within the interval:

• from a year to one and a half - 1.1 mg;
• from one and a half to two - 1.2 mg;
• two to four - 1.4 mg;
• four to six - 1.6 mg;
• six to ten - 1.9 mg;
• from 11 to 13 - 2.3 mg;
• from 14 to 17 (boys) - 2.5 mg;
• from 14 to 17 (girls) - 2.2 mg.

Treatment for vitamin B3 deficiency is reduced to the appointment of the drug nicotinamide, the active substance of which is nicotinic acid. Or its analogues are pelmin, benicod, nicamid, aminicotin, niacinamide, endobion, nicofort, bepella, niacevit, nicotope.

The drug nicotinamide is administered after meals at a dosage of 15-25 mg for adult patients and 5-10 mg for children. Usually two doses are prescribed throughout the day.

Orally, nicotinic acid is administered in an amount of 50 mg per day.

Every day a healthy body should receive at least 4 g of vitamin B4, in a stressful situation this figure rises to 6 mg. Suitable drugs gliatilin, choline.

The adult patient is prescribed one capsule throughout the day with food. Duration of treatment - up to a month.

With a deficiency in the patient's body of pantothenic acid or B5. The daily need of an adult organism in this substance is 5 mg, and with heavy physical exertion, up to 7 mg. For small children, this figure is 2 ml, for schoolchildren - 4 mg.

• The lack of vitamin B6 is replenished by taking the drug pyridoxine hydrochloride or pyridoxine.

The drug for prophylactic purposes is taken in a daily dosage: adults - 2 - 5 mg; children - 2 mg.

For medicinal purposes: adults - 20 - 30 mg once or twice a day; small patients - the dose is prescribed by the attending doctor, depending on the body weight of the child.

Pyridoxine in solutions is administered subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously: for children - 20 mg per day; adults - 50 - 100 mg daily.

The duration of the course is from two weeks to a month. If necessary, after a break, the course can be repeated.

In the case when a lack of vitamin B7 is detected, a specialist can prescribe a medicine such as biotin, or its analogues Volvit, Femicod, Selencin, Deakur, Beauty, Perfectil, Medobiotin, Vitrum, Aleran, Imedin.

• Biotin is prescribed two tablets in the process of eating, once during the day.

If studies have shown that the patient suffers from a lack of B8, he begins to receive inositol, inositol. Its daily dosage for an adult is 1-1.5 g. In treatment, the daily dosage is from 0.6 to 2.4 g. The starting amount is 0.6-0.8 g, which is gradually increased with normal tolerance of the drug.

With a deficiency of vitamin B9, the attending physician introduces folic acid into the treatment protocol, or its analogues: mamifol, askofol, folacin, foliber.

The starting dose of the drug is 1 mg daily for both children and adults. Subsequently, with normal tolerance, this amount is increased, bringing adults to 5 mg, children - at the discretion of the attending physician.

The duration of treatment is up to a month.

• When diagnosing B10 deficiency, the doctor needs to administer para-aminobenzoic acid to the patient, the dosage of which is 0.1 - 0.5 g three to four times during the day. The duration of therapy is 20 days.

In the case when a lack of vitamin B11 (carnitine) is detected, drugs are prescribed with its basic component.

The daily need for this substance corresponds to figures from 0.3 to 1.5 g, depending on the age of the patient and his need to engage in heavy physical or mental labor.

• Carnitine is administered intravenously, in the absence of an allergy to the drug, the dose is 5-10 ml of a 10% solution, which is diluted immediately before infusion with 200 ml of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution.

In the form of capsules, take one twice a day.

Vitamin B12 deficiency in the body can be treated by the attending physician with cyanocobalamin, vibicon, vitamin B12, astamin B12, astavit B12, dankavit B12, cobavit and others.

• Cyanocobalamin is taken as an intravenous solution. The prescribed amount of the drug is 0.1 - 0.2 mg once a day. In this case, the medication is provided a day before the onset of remission. If necessary, the dosage of the drug can be changed to a daily intake of 0.1 - 0.5 mg. Mostly the course of treatment is ten days.

Nutrition with a lack of B vitamins

Products are the main source of energy, vitamins and minerals that are directly involved in all processes in the body. Therefore, nutrition with a lack of B vitamins should capture all those foods that can replenish their daily supply. Since each vitamin has its own preferences, therefore, we will consider which foods are the richest in one or another substance.

Vitamins are called - low molecular weight organic compounds with high biological activity. They act as metabolic catalysts, promote the synthesis of hormones, the breakdown of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, provide nerve conduction, etc.

Traditionally, vitamins are divided into two types:

• fat-soluble (A, D, E, F, K)

• water soluble (B, C)

The main source of vitamins is food and ready-made vitamin complexes, because. the body cannot synthesize them on its own. The exception is nicotinic acid.

Vitamin deficiency

Vitamin deficiency can lead to very serious consequences, causing serious eye, nervous system, liver diseases, skin lesions, rickets, anemia, capillary fragility, etc.

Early signs of a vitamin deficiency are:

• drowsiness,

• lethargy,

• dryness or flaking of the skin,

• decreased vision,

• decreased concentration,

• increased irritability,

• deterioration in mood and well-being,

• frequent colds (decreased immunity).

The reason for the shortage is an unbalanced diet and the inability to consume the right amount of food that meets the requirements of vitamins.

It should be noted that people involved in fitness are among the group of people who especially need vitamins. They allow you to better adapt to training and achieve better results due to their ability to reduce oxidation processes in the body.

Antioxidant properties, the ability to boost immunity and support musculoskeletal function make vitamins indispensable helpers for people who live in a fitness style and care about the health of their body.

How often to take vitamins?

As a prevention of beriberi, doctors recommend drinking vitamin complexes two to three times a year, lasting from one to two months. If you experience strong physical and emotional stress, work in hazardous industries, follow a strict diet or fast, then the body needs additional strength and it is worth taking vitamin complexes much more often.

Before taking vitamins, you need to take tests and consult with your doctor. This will allow you to determine the deficiency of which vitamins you are experiencing and choose the most suitable set of vitamins for you.

Vitamins and weight loss

Vitamins are in their own way, accelerators of chemical and biological reactions in the body. Their lack will lead to a metabolic failure and can slow down the process of losing weight.

What vitamins and how will help us get rid of extra pounds?

Vitamin C actively participating in intracellular metabolic processes, promotes the breakdown of glucose and its conversion into energy. Vitamin D promotes the absorption of calcium, an active participant in the fat burning process.

B vitamins They activate the reaction of converting fats, proteins and carbohydrates into energy, promote the synthesis of "good" cholesterol, hormones and fatty acids. They have a positive effect on the thyroid gland and the gastrointestinal tract, without the normal functioning of which the process of losing weight is not possible.

Vitamins and muscle building

Working out in the gym, working on our own body, we strive to give it ideal shape. And it is difficult for us to do without vitamins, which are actively involved in muscle growth.

Vitamin A promotes protein synthesis, thereby stimulating muscle growth. It is involved in the production of glycogen, which provides energy for intense workouts.

B vitamins play an important role in metabolic processes and metabolism. In addition, vitamin B12 ensures the normal functioning of nerve cells, through which muscle stimulation occurs.

Vitamin E actively involved in the protection of cell membranes, promotes the restoration and growth of muscle cells.

Assimilated thanks to vitamin D calcium and phosphorus provide fast and powerful muscle contractions.

Vitamin C improves the processes of recovery and growth of muscle cells. It is involved in the formation of connective tissue, the production of collagen, promotes the release of hormones, such as the anabolic hormone testosterone.

Vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin A normalizes the condition of the mucous membranes of the lungs and skin, improves the functioning of the urinary tract and intestines. Lack of vitamin A causes dermatitis, increases susceptibility to disease.

The retinal form of vitamin A is part of the visual receptors that are located in the retina of the eye. Its lack leads to a sharp decrease in visual adaptation to the dark, in the common people called "night" blindness.

If the body is deficient in vitamin A for a long time, xerophthalmia can develop - a condition in which a foamy spot (Bito's spot) appears on the sclera (whites of the eye), the cornea thickens and connective tissue forms. Xerophthalmia can lead to permanent blindness.

Vitamin A deficiency is called the state when its level in the blood drops to 15 micrograms per 100 ml (the norm is from 20 to 50 micrograms / ml). It is caused primarily by a violation of the ability of the intestine to absorb fats, including fat-soluble vitamins.

Treatment involves the use of a lethal dose (up to 20 times the norm) during the first 3 days. Further, within a month, the use of a dose exceeding the daily dose by 3 times. During this period of time, the symptoms should disappear.

Lack of B vitamins

B vitamins are responsible for the functioning of the nervous system, our mood and well-being, as well as the beauty of our skin and hair. The first sign of a lack of B vitamins is redness and flaking of the skin, a feeling of fatigue and irritability.

Each of the vitamins of this group has its own effect on the body and, accordingly, the symptoms of their deficiency also differ.

deficit vitamin B1(thiamine) contributes to memory impairment, insomnia, the development of neuroses, arrhythmias, can provoke weakness, irritability, nervousness and indigestion. The complex of disorders caused by a lack of vitamin B1 is called beriberi.

From lack Vitamin B2(riboflavin) vision and skin condition suffer. Riboflavin neutralizes the harmful effects of toxic substances on the organs and respiratory tract, stimulates the liver.

Vitamin B3 has an anti-allergic effect, reduces the likelihood of spasms of the limbs and the brain. Signs of its lack are a feeling of anxiety and physical inhibition.

Vitamin B5(calcium pantothenate) is involved in the body's metabolic processes, affects the normalization of hormonal levels, and prevents depression. Symptoms of its lack: weakness, chronic stress, frequent depression.

Vitamin B6 promotes the production of the main hormones: melatonin, serotonin and dopamine. Participates in the processing of amino acids, improves lipid metabolism in atherosclerosis. The lack of this vitamin leads to a decrease in immunity and hormonal disorders, inflammation of the skin, the formation of acne and conjunctivitis.

a lack of Vitamin B12 It is expressed in violation of blood flow, increased cholesterol levels and a decrease in hemoglobin and the concentration of red blood cells. It can also manifest itself in a feeling of severe weakness, increased fatigue, visual disturbances, up to hallucinations.

Vitamin C deficiency

Vitamin C it is an antioxidant, it is involved in the formation of connective tissues, improves the absorption of iron, promotes the healing of wounds and burns. Its lack leads to increased irritability, weakness, depression, decreased appetite, subcutaneous hemorrhage and bleeding gums, bone wasting and swelling of the joints. That is, to the development of such a disease as scurvy.

Scurvy can be cured by taking large amounts of vitamin C for one week. After the dose is reduced and continue taking another 1 month.

Vitamin D deficiency

deficit vitamin D usually due to insufficient exposure to the sun. Its symptoms: fatigue, poor health, long healing of fractures. Prolonged lack of vitamin D contributes to the development of osteoporosis and rickets.

Vitamin E deficiency

a lack of vitamin E leads to impaired coordination of movement and muscle disorders. Often there is a myopathy, in which there is a weakening of the muscles and muscle tissues.

Signs of deficiency include apathy and chronic fatigue that occurs against the background of anemia. There is a thinning of the retina of the eye, which leads to a deterioration in vision.

Hair and skin cover suffer, superficial wrinkles and pigmentation appear. There may be malfunctions in the reproductive, immune and digestive systems.

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Style Outcome

Vitamins are indispensable for the normal functioning of the body. Their deficiency can cause severe damage to our health and lead to the development of serious diseases. The preventive use of vitamin complexes, eating food with a high content of vitamins will help to cheer up, improve well-being and maintain the normal functioning of the main body systems.