Temple in Tsaritsyno life-giving schedule. Moscow Church of the Icon of the Mother of God, life-giving spring in Tsaritsyn. Stone temple "Life-Giving Spring" in Tsaritsyn

The earliest of all surviving architectural monuments on the territory of the Tsaritsyn ensemble.

The first wooden church appeared on this site in the 17th century. By the beginning of the 18th century it was greatly deteriorating. In 1722, the owner of the local estate Black Mud - the Moldavian prince Dmitry Cantemir - built a new temple in its place with a stone lower part and a wooden top. The church is crowned with a single-domed dome. In 1759, Prince Matvey Kantemir Jr. asked the Moscow Metropolitan for permission to dismantle the old church and build a new one - completely made of stone. The new temple is being built of brick in the Elizabethan Baroque style. The base and decor are made of white stone. On the western side, a low two-tier bell tower adjoins the temple. The consecration takes place on June 23, 1765.

In 1775, Catherine II bought “Black Mud” and renamed it Tsaritsyno. Under the leadership of the court architect Vasily Bazhenov, construction of the imperial residence begins here. Bazhenov includes the temple in a new architectural ensemble.

During the War of 1812, the church was damaged. The caretaker of Tsaritsyno A. Egorov reported to the Kremlin expedition of buildings in 1813: “last September 1812, from the 12th, teams of soldiers found enemy troops in the village of Tsaritsyno at the church, the doors were broken and some things were robbed, and placed in it for safety from fire The hair files are all broken and scattered.”

At the end of the 1880s. Tsaritsino is turning into a prestigious holiday village. By that time, the temple and bell tower were rebuilt according to the design of the architectural and technical bureau “P. N. Lavin and Co. The refectory is expanding. The southern aisle was consecrated. The inside of the temple is decorated with paintings and stucco decorations. The floor is laid asphalt with a sprinkle of marble.

The bell tower becomes four-tiered - there are now six bells on it. The largest weighs 180 pounds.
After the October Revolution of 1917, the temple is still in operation - despite the active anti-clerical activities of the Political and Sports Youth Union (the organization occupies the building of the Third Cavalry Corps nearby). Even in the 1920–1930s. Representatives of ancient noble families living in the village of Lenino (Tsaritsyno) - the Obolenskys and the Sheremetevs - still come to the church. Services and sacraments do not stop in the temple.

However, in 1934, the bells were thrown from the bell tower. And in 1938 the temple was closed. Some icons are taken away by parishioners and clergy. Some are given to museums. However, most of the church utensils and icons are destroyed.

Since the 1940s The temple building is used as a transformer substation. In the 1970s - like a printing house. In 1975, it housed the woodworking workshop of the scientific and restoration workshops of the Soyuzrestavratsiya association.

In the fall of 1990, the temple was handed over to the community of believers - services were resumed there. From the pre-revolutionary decoration in the temple, paintings from the late 19th - early 20th centuries have been preserved. and baroque stucco from the 18th - 19th centuries.

Moscow is rich in Orthodox churches and monasteries. Since ancient times, the crimson ringing of their bells floated above it. Pilgrims came from all over vast Rus' to venerate the relics of the holy saints and pour out their sorrows before the miraculous icons. And the Lord sent a great many such icons to Belokamennaya. Temples were built and consecrated in their honor. One of them is the Life-Giving Spring temple in Tsaritsyn. Our story is about him.

But first of all, a few words about the Life-Giving Source itself, in whose honor the icon was painted and the temple was consecrated. Tradition says that in the 5th century near Constantinople there was a grove dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary. There was a miraculous spring in the grove. The Most Pure Virgin herself showed people the place where to find him, and commanded pious people to come to him and, by faith, receive healing from illnesses. Among those healed were both ordinary people and emperors. In gratitude for the miracles shown, they first enclosed the source in a stone circle, and later erected a stone church next to it. The Mother of God sent healing to everyone who turned to her with faith and prayer.

First wooden church

The site where the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God “Life-Giving Spring” in Tsaritsyn is now located received its name only in 1775, under Catherine II, and before that there was the Black Dirt estate. In 1680, Prince A.S. Golitsyn became its owner. He and his relatives rebuilt the dilapidated estate and erected a wooden church. But the time of Streltsy riots came, and all supporters of Princess Sophia fell into disgrace, including the Golitsyn family. The estate was taken away and it went to the treasury.

Stone temple "Life-Giving Spring" in Tsaritsyn

In 1713, Tsar Peter I presented it to the outstanding statesman D.K. Kantemir, who built a new stone church in place of the wooden church. Over time, it was repeatedly rebuilt by the heirs and for many years served as their family tomb. The next owner of the estate was Empress Catherine II, who bought it from the Kantemirov family. She commissioned the architect Bazhenov to rebuild the entire ensemble of buildings and replaced the dissonant name Black Dirt with Tsaritsyno. From now on, one of her summer residences was located here.

Throughout its history, the Life-Giving Spring Church in Tsaritsyn was repeatedly rebuilt and renovated. Sometimes this was done with funds from wealthy donors, sometimes with funds from ordinary parishioners. A sad fate befell him in 1939. The godless authorities came up with a suitable reason and closed the temple. A different use has been found for the historical monument, a masterpiece of architecture. At first it housed a transformer booth, then a printing house and, finally, a woodworking shop. As a result of vibration from the operation of his equipment, significant damage was caused to both the walls of the building and their paintings.

Returning the temple building to parishioners

In 1990, the Life-Giving Spring Church in Tsaritsyn was again returned to believers. Under the leadership of the rector, Archpriest Georgy Breev, its restoration began. To give the temple its original appearance, they used documents preserved among the inventory of the Tsaritsyno estate and the memories of old parishioners.

Currently, the parish life of the church includes a wide variety of aspects. In addition to the daily services held here, believers have a rich church library at their disposal. It is attended by both Orthodox school students and anyone interested. A support group for people in prison, as well as support for their Orthodox communities, has been organized on the basis of the Sunday school. The Church of the Life-Giving Spring in Tsaritsyno is widely known for organizing pilgrimage trips and charitable consultations conducted by lawyers and psychologists.

In Tsaritsyno Park, among the magnificent monuments of the 18th century, there is a temple dedicated to the miraculous image of the Most Holy Theotokos Life-Giving Spring. It is located between the Third and Second Cavalry Corps. This is the earliest building in the museum-reserve and the only building included by Vasily Bazhenov in the architectural ensemble he created.

Dedication to the Icon of the Mother of God of the Life-Giving Spring is quite rare. This ancient image is revered for many miracles, the icon is believed to heal physical ailments and help women's aspirations to conceive a child.

The first wooden church in honor of the icon of the Most Holy Theotokos, the Life-Giving Spring, was built in the Black Mud wasteland back in the 17th century by Prince Golitsyn. The dedication of the temple to the Most Holy Theotokos, the Life-Giving Spring, was associated with a local healing spring, known for a long time.

The next owner of the estate, Prince Dmitry Cantemir, in 1722, built a new wooden church with a stone foundation on the site of the wooden church.

His son, the childless Prince Matvey Dmitrievich Kantemir, obviously hoped for the appearance of offspring when he started the construction of the current temple building in the 1760s.

The architecture of the building is typical of churches of the first half of the 18th century - the structure is made in the Elizabethan Baroque style. The outside of the building is decorated quite modestly; these are pilasters made of white stone (a conventional image of a column), cornices and figured platbands. Inside the walls are plastered and painted.

Initially, the temple had one chapel, consecrated in honor of the Great Martyr Dmitry of Thessaloniki (in memory of the father of Matvey Kantemir). Later, the building was rebuilt and expanded, and a chapel of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God appeared. Thus, parish life went on in peace and silence until 1939, when the Church of the Most Holy Theotokos Life-Giving Spring was closed.

In 1990, the temple was returned to believers. Today there is a parish library and a Sunday school, an Orthodox gymnasium and an educational center, as well as a support group for prisoners.

About the Life-Giving Spring

According to legend, back in the 5th century near Constantinople, an ordinary warrior Leo Marcellus wanted to give a drink to a blind sufferer and was looking for water for him. The Holy Mother of God told him that the source was in the grove. The warrior gave the thirsty man something to drink and he received his sight. Thanks to the Life-Giving Spring, both ordinary people and emperors received healing from illnesses. She sent healing to everyone who turned to the Mother of God with faith and prayer.

It is surprising that Catherine II, starting the construction of the estate, ordered this modest temple to be left unchanged. Thanks to her decision, the Church of the Most Holy Theotokos Life-Giving Spring has been preserved to this day and serves as a monument to the Kantemirov era in history

The Church of the Icon of the Mother of God "Life-Giving Spring" was built in 1722 according to the design of the architect P.N. Avalanche, commissioned by the politician and scientist, ruler of Moldavia (1710-1711), Prince D.K. Cantemira. Rebuilt in the 1760s and in 1883.

The first wooden five-domed temple on this site was built in the 1680s by the will of Prince V.V. Golitsyn and his son Alexei. In the early 1720s, Prince D.K. Kantemir replaced the Golitsyn church with a single-domed, stone building. His son Prince M.D. Cantemir erected the current building in 1759-1765, the northern aisle of which was dedicated (in memory of his father) to the Holy Great Martyr Demetrius of Thessalonica. In 1883-1885, the refectory of the church was expanded, a southern chapel was built in honor of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God, and the bell tower was raised by one tier.

The architecture of the church in the Baroque style is typical of rural churches near Moscow in the mid-18th century and is generally quite ordinary. It’s even strange why Catherine the Second, together with Potemkin, did not intend to build a new, more representative temple in the same “Gothic taste” as the entire palace ensemble. This modest church now serves as a monument to the Kantemirov era in the history of Tsaritsyn.

In the 1930s, the Tsaritsyn church was closed. In 1990, its restoration began; on May 6, 1998, His Holiness Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexy II solemnly consecrated the restored temple for new services.

http://www.tsaritsyno.net/ru/progulki/givonosn/

The church in Tsaritsyn, located on the territory of the palace and park ensemble of the late 18th century, was built long before the construction of the palace as the parish church of the “Blessed Virgin Mary of the Life-Giving Spring.” It is known that in 1633 the Black Dirt estate was acquired by boyar A.S. Streshnev, in 1680 it was inherited by his grandson Prince A.S. Golitsyn, under whom the estate was superbly equipped and an extensive farm was established. The Streshnev boyars built a wooden church, about which in the inventory books of the Golitsyn princes it is said: “... about five chapters, covered with scales of greenery, painted with three colors, in front of the church there is a chopped wooden bell tower, painted with different paints.”

In 1689, with the fall of Princess Sophia, her favorite, Prince Vasily Golitsyn, fell into disgrace, and with him his son and grandson A.S. Streshnevs. Golitsyn, and their estates were taken to the treasury “for their guilt.” In 1713, the “Black Dirt” estate was donated by Peter I to the Moldavian ruler Dmitry Konstantinovich Cantemir “for special services to the fatherland.” In 1722, Cantemir built a stone church in the Petrine Baroque style on the site of a wooden church. In 1759-1765 the church was rebuilt by his son and heir M.D. Kantemir. The temple served as the tomb of the family. In 1771, on November 30, Prince M.D. was buried. Kantemir, and later his wife Princess A.Ya. Cantemir.

In 1775, Catherine II bought the Black Dirt estate from the Kantemirovs and renamed it the village of Tsaritsyno. The Empress instructed the architect V.I. Bazhenov to draw up and implement a project for her country residence on the purchased estate. When drawing up the design of the palace complex, Bazhenov retained the Cantemir Church as an element in the ensemble of estate buildings.

At the end of the 19th century. the church was rebuilt again with the money of A.I. Klementovich - the owner of one of the dachas located in Tsaritsyn, as well as with public funds collected for this purpose. The refectory was expanded, for which it actually had to be rebuilt, a chapel was added in the name of the icon of the Kazan Mother of God, the bell tower was moved and increased in height (up to 4 tiers).

The church operated as a parish until 1939, when it was closed for non-payment of debts. After closing, the church building was converted into a transformer booth in the 1970s. - for a printing house, and from 1975 to 1990. it housed a carpentry workshop at the V/O “Soyuzrestavratsiya”, with heavy woodworking machines, the work of which severely damaged the building itself (cracks appeared in the walls and domes) and the wall paintings of the temple.

In 1990, the Church of the Mother of God Life-Giving Spring was transferred to the use of the community of believers, and a rector, Archpriest, was appointed. Georgy Breev. On October 6, services resumed.

According to the inventory of the village of Tsaritsyno and from the recollections of old parishioners of the temple, it is known that there were two wooden houses near the church in which the priests lived. One of them, located very close to the church, was demolished by carpentry workers and a brick house was built in its place and foundation, now transferred to the use of the church.

http://spring-life.ru/istoriya

The Church of the Most Holy Theotokos of the Life-Giving Spring was built in the village of Black Mud, wooden, between 1682-84.

The steward, Prince Alexei Vasilyevich Golitsyn, who received this estate from his grandfather, the boyar Ivan Fedorovich Streshnev, gave up 10 quarters of arable land from his estate in the village of Black Mud on November 15, 1683 to the newly built church in the name of the Most Holy Theotokos of the Life-Giving Spring.

In the inventory books of 1689 on October 17, compiled by order of the great sovereigns Ivan Alekseevich and Peter Alekseevich and from memory from the Order of the Great Palace, with the signature of clerk Larion Vyazmin and the good housekeeper Grigory Cherntsov, the church in the village of Bogorodskoye, Chernaya Gryaz, too, was described as follows order: “in the village of Bogorodskoye, Black Mud, also, a wooden church of the Most Holy Theotokos of the Life-Giving Spring with a table and with closets, about five domes, covered with green scales, sheathed all around from the inside and the outer yard and painted with three colors... Both closets from the church and from the closets on the porch there are carpentry doors on carved Polish hooks, German tinned staples on burrs; the doors are painted in a picturesque script, the leather cover is... In the altar, closets, in the chapters and in the church in the red windows there are 94 mica endings, various samples of things; There is a German castle near the church. At the refectory and at the red windows there are 14 wooden inserts completely upholstered in grey. From the porch to the refectory there are two round staircases that go to the choir, and around the refectory and the church there is a passage and there are turned and painted balusters. On the church, on the closets and on the bell tower, wooden crosses are soldered with white iron. In front of the church there is a chopped wooden bell tower, sheathed with planks and painted with different paints, and on it there are 7 bells, in a large bell weighing 53 pounds 15 pounds, in another bell weighing 30 pounds, and in 5 bells the weight is unknown, because the weight is not written on them ... In the village of Bogorodskoye, which was Black Mud, there were church yards: in the yard there was priest Gabriel Lukyanov, in the yard there was deacon Boris Trofimov, in the yard there was sexton Maximko Ivanov, in the yard there was sexton Grishka Vasiliev, in the yard there was another sexton Staheiko Vasilyev, in the yard there was a mallow maker Mikhailov’s daughter. At the church there is an almshouse three fathoms, and in it there is an image of the wonderworker Sergius, in front of the hut there is a plank canopy, in the entryway there are 3 closets, and in the almshouse there are 4 widows, and they are given rye flour and oatmeal and malt, on fast days meat, milk, and on fast days, fish, cabbage, firewood, if there wasn’t enough, the clerks fed them.”

The notebook of the outgoing papers of the Synodal Treasury Order for 1721 states: “On August 21, the decree on the construction of the church was sealed, according to the petition of the Most Serene Russian Prince, Privy Councilor, Senator Dmitry Konstantinovich Kantemir, ordered to him in the Moscow district, in his estate in the village of Chernaya Gryazi , instead of a dilapidated wooden church, on the old church site, build a wooden (stone) church again in the name of the Most Holy Theotokos of the Life-Giving Spring; duties hryvnia taken, accepted by Roman Dementyev.” Under 1722 it is shown: in the village of Chernaya Gryazi there is a stone church in the name of the Most Holy Theotokos of the Life-Giving Spring.

According to the fairy tale of the priest and the clerks: the peasants of that village go to the churches of the village of Saburov and the village of Dyakovsky in the old days. According to the information from the Order of the Grand Palace, in that village and villages there are 27 peasant households, and behind the priest and the clerks there are no lands or lands, they feed on others. 1700 July 11, the great sovereign, having listened to this extract, indicated: do not give curses to the priest and the clerk of that village and pay out of the salary, but be content with the alms of the parish people.

The village of Chernaya Gryaz, according to the scribe books, letters and patrols of Elizary Saburov and the clerk Ivan Yakovlev under 1589 - “the Chernogryaznaya wasteland of the Moscow district, assigned to the palace village of Kolomenskoye, in the wasteland it is shown “arable lands covered by 3 dessiatines, and Ignashko Nikitin plowed comrades from the village of Oslyaeva, there are 11 dessiatines of fallow land, and 12 ½ dessiatines of the field are overgrown with forest, 20 kopecks of hay.” January 26, 1633, “according to the personal order of the Tsar Tsarev and Grand Duke Mikhail Fedorovich of All Rus', the palace village of Kolomenskoye, the Chernogryaznaya wasteland with villages... were sold into the patrimony of the okolnik Lukyan Stepanovich Streshnev for 73 rubles”; in 1650 - 63 this estate was owned by his son, boyar Semyon Lukyanovich, who built a courtyard for himself on the wasteland of Black Mud, which is why the wasteland became a village.

After S. L. Streshnev, who died in 1666, the estate went to his wife, the widow Marya Alekseevna, and was approved for her by a refusal book on October 18, 1666. In 1673, by decree of the great sovereign, the above-described estate after the death of noblewoman M.A. Streshneva was assigned to the palace department.

On November 21, 1682, the great sovereigns granted the village of Chernaya Gryaz with villages and wastelands to boyar Ivan Fedorovich Streshnev, “by kinship, which was owned by his brother boyar Semyon Lukyanovich Streshnev, and in the village there is a courtyard of patrimonial estates, a dilapidated mansion, and a garden with apple and cherry trees " I. F. Streshnev, having received this estate, built a church on the Stebleva wasteland, next to the village of Chernaya Gryaz, which is why it became known as the village of Bogorodskoye.

In 1683, boyar Streshnev gave his estate into the possession of his own grandson, his steward, Prince Alexei Vasilyevich Golitsyn, and behind him the estate was approved by a refusal book, which mentions: “On the 4th day of May 1686, the estate of boyar Ivan Fedorovich Streshnev in the Moscow district was denied to Prince Alexei Golitsyn , in Ratuev and Chernev camps, the village of Bogorodskoye...”

In 1689, by personal decree of the great sovereigns, all estates belonging to Prince Vasily Vasilyevich and his son Alexei Golitsyn were assigned to the great sovereign “for their guilt” and an inventory was compiled on October 17 of the same year. On June 9, 1712, by personal decree, the registered estate of Prince Golitsyn was granted to His Serene Highness Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich Kantemir; in the village of Chernaya Gryazi there were 13 peasant and bobyl households, in the villages: Orekhovoy there were 9 households, in Shandurov there were 6 households, and in Petrovka there were 5 peasant households.

After Prince D.K. Kantemir, this estate went to his wife, the widow Princess Nastasya Ivanovna, née Princess Trubetskoy, with her stepson Prince Konstantin Dmitrievich Kantemir, and from him it passed to his brothers Matvey and Sergei Kantemir, who between them in 1757 the estate divided, and the village of Chernaya Gryaz and its villages went to Matvey Kantemir.

In 1775, Her Imperial Majesty deigned to command: the village of Chernaya Gryaz, purchased from the retired brigadier Sergei Cantemir and assigned to the department of the Main Palace Chancellery, should henceforth be called the village of Tsaritsyn, August 13, 1775.

Kholmogorov V.I., Kholmogorov G.I. “Historical materials about churches and villages of the 17th - 18th centuries.” Issue 8, Pekhryansk tithe of the Moscow district. Moscow, University Printing House, Strastnoy Boulevard, 1892

Holy spring

First wooden church

The area where the temple in Tsaritsyn is now located received its name only in 1775, under Catherine II, and before that the Black Dirt estate was located there. In 1680, Prince A.S. Golitsyn became its owner. He and his relatives rebuilt the dilapidated estate and erected a wooden church. But the time of Streltsy riots came, and all supporters, including the Golitsyn family, fell into disgrace. The estate was taken away and it went to the treasury.

Stone temple "Life-Giving Spring" in Tsaritsyn

In 1713, the king presented it to the outstanding statesman D.K. Kantemir, who built a new stone church in place of the wooden church. Over time, it was repeatedly rebuilt by the heirs and for many years served as their family tomb. The next owner of the estate was Empress Catherine II, who bought it from the Kantemirov family. She ordered the reconstruction of the entire ensemble of buildings and replaced the dissonant name with Tsaritsyno. From now on, one of her summer residences was located here.

Throughout its history, the Life-Giving Spring Church in Tsaritsyn was repeatedly rebuilt and renovated. Sometimes this was done with funds from wealthy donors, sometimes with funds from ordinary parishioners. A sad fate befell him in 1939. The godless authorities came up with a suitable reason and closed the temple. a masterpiece of architecture found a different use. At first it housed a transformer booth, then a printing house and, finally, a woodworking shop. As a result of vibration from the operation of his equipment, significant damage was caused to both the walls of the building and their paintings.

Returning the temple building to parishioners

In 1990, the Life-Giving Spring temple in Tsaritsyn was again returned to believers. Under the leadership of the rector, Archpriest Georgy Breev, its restoration began. To give the temple its original appearance, they used documents preserved among the inventory of the Tsaritsyno estate and the memories of old parishioners.

Currently, the parish life of the church includes a wide variety of aspects. In addition to the daily services held here, believers have a rich church library at their disposal. It is attended by both Orthodox school students and anyone interested. A support group for people in prison, as well as support for their Orthodox communities, has been organized on the basis of the Sunday school. The Temple of the Life-Giving Spring in Tsaritsyno is widely known for organizing pilgrimage trips and charitable consultations conducted by lawyers and psychologists.