Presentation about the life and work of parsnip. Boris Leonidovich parsnip presentation for a literature lesson on the topic Presentation on the topic of the parsnip case

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak 1890 - 1960

Life and art

Pasternak writes this:

what will you read

and you'll suffocate

out of surprise.

L.Ya. Ginsburg

get acquainted with the main stages of the poet’s life and work

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak 1890 - 1960

Start time

Father - L.O.Pasternak

Mother - R.I. Kaufman

Was born January 29, 1890 years in Moscow in the family of the famous artist L.O. Pasternak. The Pasternak family maintained friendships with famous artists (I. Levitan,

V. Polenov, M. Nesterov, S. Ivanov, N. Ge), musicians and writers, including L.N. Tolstoy, visited the house.

At the age of 13, under the influence of the composer A.N. Scriabin, Pasternak became interested in music, which he studied for six years (two sonatas for piano he wrote have survived).

Scriabin - music teacher

B. Pasternak

In 1908 he entered the Faculty of Law, but then moved to the philosophy department of the historical and philological faculty of Moscow University, then, in the summer of 1912, he studied philosophy at the University of Marburg in Germany.
In 1912, he visited Venice with his parents and sisters, which was reflected in his poems of that time.

Pasternak began publishing in 1913 (collective collection of the Lyrics group), and in 1914 published a collection "Twin in the Clouds" .

A collection was published in 1917 "Over the Barriers" .

In 1922 - collection "My sister is life" .

After a trip to Marburg, Pasternak begins to enter the circles of Moscow writers. WITH 1914 the poet joined the community futurists "Centrifuge". In the same year, he became closely acquainted with another futurist - Vladimir Mayakovsky, whose personality and work had a certain influence on him. Later, in the 1920s, Pasternak maintained connections with Mayakovsky’s Lef group, but in general after the revolution he took an independent position, not joining any associations.

Pasternak's parents and his sisters 1921 year leave Soviet Russia and settle in Berlin.
IN 1922 In the same year, Pasternak married the artist Evgenia Lurie, with whom he spent the second half of the year and the entire winter of 1922-23 visiting his parents in Berlin. The following year, 1923, a son, Evgeniy, was born into the Pasternak family.

(3) Write about February sobbingly,

While the rumbling slush

In spring it burns black.

(4) Get the cab. (5) For six hryvnia,

Through the gospel, through the click of the wheels

Travel to where it's raining

Even noisier than ink and tears.

(6) Where, like charred pears,

Thousands of rooks from the trees

They will fall into puddles and collapse

Dry sadness to the bottom of my eyes.

(7) Underneath the thawed patches turn black,

And the wind is torn with screams,

And the more random, the more true

Poems are composed out loud.

Work with text

From sentences 4 – 7, write down the comparative adverbs.
Among sentences 1 – 7, find complex sentences, parts of which are single-component impersonal sentences . Write down the numbers of these sentences.
Determine how the word SCREAMS is formed in sentence No. 7.
From sentences 6 – 7, write down a word formed in a suffixal way .

1) anaphora 2) comparison 3) assonance 4) nominative sentence 5) infinitive 6) impersonal offers 7) epithet 8) metaphor 9) alliteration 10) litotes

- repetition of the same vowels . It is a powerful means of expressiveness of poetic language. An example from Pushkin’s “Gypsies” - excerpt:

Oh, my youth is fast

Flashed like a falling star.

But you, the time for love has passed

Even faster; only a year

Mariula loved me, -

Once upon a time, near the Kagul waters

We met an alien camp...

Throughout this passage it sounds "y" , giving the verse a sad melodiousness.

- repetition of the same consonants. Of course, not every repetition of consonants imparts these qualities to speech. The verse is dissonant, despite the presence of the same consonants: “Do not aphids smolder silver and gold?” Alliteration seems to be an artistic technique when the repetition of identical consonants enhances the impression received from a certain combination of words, when this repetition emphasizes a particular mood with its sound. For example, in Lermontov’s poem “Rusa l ka p l s l and along the river l slaughter" (repeated " l " creates the impression of fluidity and smoothness).

IN 1935 Pasternak participates in the work of the International Congress of Writers in Defense of Peace in Paris, where he has a nervous breakdown (his last trip abroad).

On late 20's - early 30's years there was a short period of official Soviet recognition of Pasternak’s work. He takes an active part in the activities of the Union of Writers of the USSR and in 1934 year makes a speech at its first congress, at which N.I. Bukharin called for Pasternak to be officially named the best poet of the Soviet Union.

IN 1935 year Pasternak stood up for Akhmatova’s husband and son. IN 1937 year, refuses to sign a letter approving the execution of Tukhachevsky and others, demonstratively visits the house of the repressed Pilnyak.

IN 1952 Pasternak had his first heart attack.

Novel "Doctor Zhivago" was created over ten years, with 1945 to 1955 year. The novel provides a broad canvas of the life of the Russian intelligentsia against the backdrop of the dramatic period from the beginning of the century to the Civil War. While writing the novel, Pasternak changed its title more than once. The novel could be called "Boys and Girls", "The Candle Was Burning", "The Experience of Russian Faust", "There is No Death" .

The novel was published in 1957 in Italy, then translated into many languages of the world, and in 1958 the author was awarded the Nobel Prize “for outstanding achievements in modern lyric poetry and in the traditional field of great Russian prose.” .

In his homeland, Pasternak began to be actively persecuted: he was expelled from membership in the Writers' Union, a whole stream of insults and accusations was organized in newspapers, magazines, and on the radio, he was forced to refuse the Nobel Prize, and there were demands to leave his native land.
“I am connected with Russia by birth, life, work. I don’t think of my destiny separately and outside of it,” Pasternak said.

Nobel Prize

I'm lost like an animal in a pen

Somewhere there are people, will, light,

And behind me there is the sound of a chase,

I have no choice.

Dark forest and the shore of a pond,

They ate a fallen log.

The path is cut off from everywhere.

Whatever happens, it doesn't matter.

What kind of dirty trick did I do?

Am I a murderer and a villain?

I made the whole world cry

Over the beauty of my land.

But even so, almost at the grave,

I believe the time will come -

The power of meanness and malice

The spirit of goodness will prevail.

1959

This whole story crippled the writer.

On May 30, 1960, Pasternak passed away. Doctor Zhivago was published in its homeland only in 1988, 33 years after it was written .

IN 1987 year the decision to expel Pasternak from the Writers' Union was canceled, in 1988 year "Doctor Zhivago" was first published in the USSR ("New World"), in In 1989, the diploma and medal of the Nobel laureate were awarded in Stockholm to the son of the poet, E. B. Pasternak.
Boris Pasternak has 4 grandchildren and ten great-grandchildren.
Doctor Zhivago was filmed in the USA in 1965 and in 2002, in Russia in 2005.

Summing up the lesson.
Completing written work (test).

Prepare an expressive reading by heart and analysis of one of Pasternak’s poems.(Using color painting (optional).)
Select 2–3 tasks like the Unified State Exam in the Russian language using the example of the poet’s poems.

Materials from presentations developed by teachers of Russian language and literature M.I. Lopukhova (MKOU "Khokhlovskaya Secondary School", Omsk Region) and I.P. Belokoneva (MOU Lyceum No. 9, Volgograd) were used; materials published on http://prezentacii.com/literatura/

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Born on January 29, 1890 in Moscow in the family of the famous artist L.O. Pasternak. The Pasternak family maintained friendships with famous artists (I. Levitan, V. Polenov, M. Nesterov, S. Ivanov, N. Ge), musicians and writers visited the house, including L.N. Tolstoy.

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At the age of 13, under the influence of composer A.N. Scriabin, Pasternak became interested in music, which he studied for six years (two piano sonatas he wrote have survived). Scriabin – music teacher of B. Pasternak

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I grew up. I, like Ganymede, was carried by bad weather, carried by dreams. Troubles grew like wings and separated from the earth. I grew up. And the veil of the woven Compline enveloped me. Let's say goodbye with wine in glasses, the sad play of glass, I grew up, and now the heat of my forearms chills the embrace of an eagle. The days are far away when, as a forerunner, Love, you floated above me. But aren't we in the same sky? That’s the beauty of heights, that, like a swan that has buried itself, you too are shoulder to shoulder with the eagle.

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In 1903, he broke his leg in a fall from a horse and, due to improper healing (the slight lameness that Pasternak hid remained for the rest of his life), was exempted from military service. Subsequently, the poet paid special attention to this episode as one that awakened his creative powers (it occurred on August 6 (19), on the day of the Transfiguration - cf. the later poem “August”). In 1905, he fell under Cossack whips - an episode included in Pasternak’s books. Pasternak graduated from high school with a gold medal and all the highest grades, except for the Law of God, from which he was exempt. After a number of hesitations, he abandoned his career as a professional musician and composer.

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In 1908 he entered the Faculty of Law, but then moved to the philosophy department of the historical and philological faculty of Moscow University, then, in the summer of 1912, he studied philosophy at the University of Marburg in Germany. At the same time he proposed to Ida Vysotskaya, but was refused, as described in the poem “Marburg”. In 1912, he visited Venice with his parents and sisters, which was reflected in his poems of that time. I saw my cousin Olga Freidenberg in Germany. He had many years of friendship and correspondence with her.

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After his trip to Marburg, Pasternak also abandoned the idea of further concentrating on philosophical studies. At the same time, he began to enter the circles of Moscow writers. Since 1914, Pasternak joined the community of futurists “Centrifuge.” In the same year, he became closely acquainted with another futurist, Vladimir Mayakovsky, whose personality and work had a certain influence on him. Later, in the 1920s, Pasternak maintained connections with Mayakovsky’s Lef group, but in general after the revolution he took an independent position, not joining any associations.

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Pasternak began publishing in 1913 (collective collection of the Lyrics group), and in 1914 he published the collection “Twin in the Clouds,” in which he showed himself as a distinctive and original poet. However, Pasternak himself considered this collection “immature.” Nevertheless, it was after “Twin in the Clouds” that Pasternak began to recognize himself as a professional writer.

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In 1916, the collection “Over Barriers” was published. Fearing possible conscription into the army, Pasternak spent the winter of 1916 in the Urals, near the city of Aleksandrovsky, Perm province. It is widely believed that the prototype of the city of Yuryatin from Doctor Zhivago is the city of Perm.

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Pasternak’s parents and his sisters left Soviet Russia in 1921 at the personal request of A.V. Lunacharsky and settled in Berlin. Pasternak began active correspondence with them and Russian emigration circles in general, in particular with Marina Tsvetaeva. In 1922, Pasternak married the artist Evgenia Lurie, with whom he spent the second half of the year and the entire winter of 1922-23 visiting his parents in Berlin. In the same 1922, the poet’s program book “My Sister is Life” was published, most of the poems of which were written in the summer of 1917. The following year, 1923, a son, Evgeniy, was born into the Pasternak family.

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In the 1920s, the collection “Themes and Variations” (1923), the novel in verse “Spektorsky” (1925), the cycle “High Disease”, the poems “Nine Hundred and Fifth” and “Lieutenant Schmidt” were also created. In 1928, Pasternak turned to prose. By 1930, he completed his autobiographical notes, “Safety Certificate,” which outlines his fundamental views on art and creativity. Drawing by V. Mayakovsky

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In 1935, Pasternak participated in the International Congress of Writers in Defense of Peace in Paris, where he suffered a nervous breakdown (his last trip abroad). The late 20s and early 30s saw a short period of official Soviet recognition of Pasternak's work. He takes an active part in the activities of the Writers' Union of the USSR and in 1934 gave a speech at its first congress, at which N.I. Bukharin called for Pasternak to be officially named the best poet of the Soviet Union. His large one-volume work from 1933 to 1936 is reprinted annually.

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In 1935, Pasternak stood up for Akhmatova’s husband and son. In 1937, he refused to sign a letter approving the execution of Tukhachevsky and others, and demonstratively visited the house of the repressed Pilnyak. He spent 1942-1943 in evacuation in Chistopol. He helped many people financially, including the daughter of Marina Tsvetaeva. In 1952, Pasternak had his first heart attack, described in the poem “In the Hospital,” full of deep religious feeling: “Oh, Lord, how perfect are Your deeds,” the patient thought.”

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The novel Doctor Zhivago was created over ten years, from 1945 to 1955. Being, according to the writer himself, the pinnacle of his work as a prose writer, the novel represents a broad canvas of the life of the Russian intelligentsia against the backdrop of the dramatic period from the beginning of the century to the Civil War. The novel is permeated with high poetics, accompanied by poems by the main character - Yuri Andreevich Zhivago. While writing the novel, Pasternak changed its title more than once. The novel could be called “Boys and Girls”, “The Candle Was Burning”, “The Experience of Russian Faust”, “There is No Death”.

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The publication of the novel in the West - first in Italy in 1957 by the pro-communist publishing house Feltrinelli, and then in Great Britain, through the mediation of the famous philosopher and diplomat Sir Isaiah Berlin - led to real persecution of Pasternak in the Soviet press, his expulsion from the Union of Writers of the USSR, and outright insults in his address from the pages of Soviet newspapers, at meetings of workers. The Moscow organization of the Union of Writers of the USSR, following the Board of the Union of Writers, demanded the expulsion of Pasternak from the Soviet Union and deprivation of his Soviet citizenship. It should be noted that a negative attitude towards the novel was expressed by some Russian writers in the West, including V.V. Nabokov.

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From 1946 to 1950, Pasternak was nominated annually for the Nobel Prize in Literature. In 1958, his candidacy was proposed by the previous year's laureate Albert Camus, and Pasternak became the second writer from Russia (after I. A. Bunin) to receive this award.

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Despite the fact that the prize was awarded to Pasternak “For significant achievements in modern lyric poetry, as well as for the continuation of the traditions of the great Russian epic novel,” through the efforts of the official Soviet authorities, it was to be remembered for a long time only as firmly associated with the novel “Doctor Zhivago,” an anti-Soviet the essence of which was constantly revealed by literary critics at that time.

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Despite his exclusion from the Union of Writers of the USSR, Pasternak continues to remain a member of the Literary Fund, receive fees, and publish. Because of the poem “Nobel Prize” published in the West, he was summoned to the Prosecutor General of the USSR R. A. Rudenko in February 1959, where he was charged under Article 64 “Treason”, but this event had no consequences for him , possibly because the poem was published without his permission.

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich (1890-1960)

But who is he? In what arena?
Did he gain his later experience?
With whom did his struggles take place?
With myself. With myself.

Childhood.

3rd Tverskaya - Yamskaya building 5. A great poet was born and raised in this apartment

Since childhood, his main hobbies have been music, poetry and drawing. He grew up in a famous Moscow family. The poet's father, Leonid Pasternak, was an academician of painting. Mother, Rosa Kraufman, was a famous pianist. The family had 2 sons and 2 daughters. Their house was a kind of literary salon, where even Tolstoy visited.

Literary endeavors

Pasternak began studying literature at the age of 22. Member of the literary group of lyricists. In 1914, his first book, “Twin in the Clouds,” appeared, and in 1917, “Over the Barriers.” There are already critical reviews about it.

A transitional moment in creativity

In 1922, Pasternak’s third book, “My Sister, My Life,” was published.
It reflected the atmosphere of revolutionary change. The book turned out to be a transitional one in Pasternak's work.

In 1923, the collection “Themes and Variations” was published.
Pasternak becomes one of the first poets of Russia.

Personal life

Boris Leonidovich's first wife was twenty-two-year-old artist Evgenia Lurie. In 1922, Evgenia and Boris have a son. Pasternak's parents and sisters emigrate to Europe...

In 1931, Pasternak divorced Evgenia and married Zinaida Nikolaevna Neugauz, from whose marriage he had another son.

Temporary silence.

From 1936 to 1943, the poet failed to publish a single book. translated classics of English, German and French poetry into Russian. This calm helped
Pasternak
to avoid
links.

Patriotic Poems

In 1942, Pasternak was evacuated to Chistopol. During this period, a patriotic mood prevails in creativity. As a war correspondent, the poet is sent to the front, as a result of which his first book in 8 years, “On Early Trips,” is published.

In the 40s, continuing his poetic activity and doing translations, Pasternak thought about the plan of the novel,

In the 40s, continuing his poetic activity and doing translations, Pasternak thought about the plan of the novel,

“a book of biographies, where he could insert, in the form of hidden explosive nests, the most stunning things that he managed to see and change his mind”

Unexpected meeting

In 1946, at the editorial office of the New World magazine, Boris met Olga Ivinskaya, head of the department of aspiring writers. For Pasternak, this woman became a “secret, forbidden angel”; he used her to write Lara in Doctor Zhivago.

Nobel Prize

The novel "Doctor Zhivago" was completed and sent to the editors. But in the Soviet Union no one dared to publish it. In 1956, Pasternak agreed to publish the novel in Italy. And in 1958 it became known that Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize “for outstanding services in modern lyric poetry and
traditional field
great Russian prose"

The last years of his life, the writer lived in Peredelkino without a break, wrote, received visitors, talked with friends, and looked after the garden. Boris Leonidovich died

The last years of his life, the writer lived in Peredelkino without a break, wrote, received visitors, talked with friends, and looked after the garden. Boris Leonidovich died
in 1960 from lung cancer.

“With his poetry and prose, Pasternak asserted the superiority of man, human feelings over the repressions of the dictatorial regime.”

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The presentation itself consists of 67 slides, detailing and imaginatively revealing the biography of the poet. The information below serves for a quick introduction to Boris Leonidovich and his legacy.

Pasternak Boris Leonidovich, poet of the 20th century. Among his achievements is the Nobel Prize for his work “Doctor Zhivago.”

Born in 1890 into a creative family. His father, Isaac Iosifovich Pasternak, was an artist and his mother, Rosalia Isidorovna, a pianist. In 1889, the couple moved to the capital from Odessa. In addition to the eldest son, they had three children.

First steps

Pasternak studied at the gymnasium, from which he graduated with the highest grade. The only thing he did not comprehend in teaching was the law of God. He was exempt from this discipline because of his Jewish origin. In 1908, the writer entered Moscow University to study law. However, he switches to a philosophical direction.

Prose writer's first love

While studying philosophy in Germany, Boris meets Ida Vysotskaya, to whom he proposes his hand and heart. But he is refused. Travels around Venice with his parents. Everything he saw there and his personal experiences resonated in his works. In particular, in the story “Safety Certificate”.

First poems

In 1913, the writer published his first book, “Twin in the Clouds.” The first collection “Lyrics” was also published, which included his poems. In 1916, he published the collection “Above Barriers.” From that time on, Boris realized himself as a professional writer.

Personal life

Pasternak was married twice. The first wife is the artist Eugenia Lurie (1922). From this marriage he had a son. They named him Evgeniy. Died in 2012. The second wife is Neuhaus, with whom he married in 1932. To do this, he had to divorce his first wife. From this marriage a son was born, Leonid, who did not follow in his father’s footsteps, becoming a physicist. Died in 1976. The poet's unofficial wife was Olga Ivinskaya, whom he met in 1946. Until their death they had a close relationship.

Family emigration

In 1921, the writer’s family left Russia and settled in Germany (Berlin).

Pasternak's correspondence with Russian prose writers living abroad

Around the same period when his family left Russia, he began to actively correspond with prose writers forced to leave their homeland. In particular, the writer became friends with Marina Tsvetaeva, another iconic figure in 20th century literature. In 1926, he makes a new friend - Rilke.

Official recognition of Pasternak's work

In the USSR in the 1920s, Pasternak began to be recognized. During this period, he took an active part in the work of the Writers' Union. He gave a speech at the first congress. Members of the government, in particular, Bukharin called on him to be called the best poet of the USSR. His one-volume editions are reprinted in large editions. He gains popularity and fame, and most importantly, respect.

Feeling worse

This takes place in 1935. The writer experienced several nervous breakdowns and complains of insomnia.

1936 and subsequent years

The last trip abroad was made in 1935 to Paris, where he took part in the international congress of writers.

last years of life

During this period he lived in the center of Moscow. I actively communicated with my friends in Georgia.

The death of the great master

Earthly life ended in 1960 in Peredelkino.