Presentation on the history of the Galician-Volyn principality. Presentation on the topic “Galician-Volyn Principality. Galicia-Volyn principality. Novgorod land
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Presentation on history on the topic: “Galician-Volyn Principality” Completed by: Students of grade 10B, Victoria Bolsunova, Ksenia Ignashina, Ksenia Kommisarova, Yulia Novozhilova, Kristina Yakovleva.Slide 2
Geographical location of the Galicia-Volyn principality. Favorable geographical location (remoteness from Kyiv weakened the influence of the central government, natural conditions made these lands difficult to access for steppe nomads, in addition, the Galicia-Volyn principality was located at the intersection of strategically important trade routes). The Galician-Volyn principality, distinguished by very favorable natural and climatic conditions , wealth, population and beauty of cities (Galich, Vladimir-Volynsky, Kholm, Berestye (Brest), Lvov, Przemysl, etc.), crossed by the most important trade routes of pan-European importance, turned out to be very tempting for invaders. First, the Mongol-Tatars, then the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Volyn) and Poland (Galich) deprived these lands of independence.
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Foundation of the Galicia-Volyn principality. The unification of Galicia and Volyn was accomplished by the Volyn prince Roman Mstislavich, the son of Mstislav Izyaslavich. Taking advantage of the unrest in Galicia, he first occupied it in 1188, but could not hold it under the pressure of the Hungarians, who also invaded Galician land at the request of local boyars. For the second time, Roman annexed Galicia to Volyn in 1199, after the death of the last Galician prince Vladimir Yaroslavich from the Rostislavich family. He harshly suppressed the local boyar opposition, which resisted his attempts to centralize government, and thereby laid the foundation for the creation of a unified Galicia-Volyn principality, centered in the city of Galich.
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Social conflicts The process of formation of large land holdings and the formation of a class of feudal lords was accompanied by increased feudal dependence of peasants and the emergence of feudal rent. Labor rent in the 11th - 12th centuries. gradually replaced by product rent. The amount of feudal duties was set by the feudal lords at their own discretion. The brutal exploitation of peasants intensified the class struggle, which often took the form of popular uprisings against the feudal lords.
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The forms of struggle of the boyars against unwanted princes are also characteristic. They invited Hungarians and Poles against them, put to death unwanted princes, and removed them from Galicia. The Galician-Volyn princes had certain administrative, military, judicial and legislative powers. In particular, they appointed officials in cities and towns, allocating them with land holdings under the condition of service, and were formally the commanders-in-chief of all armed forces. But each boyar had his own military militia, and since the Galician boyars’ regiments often outnumbered the prince’s, in case of disagreement, the boyars could argue with the prince using military force. The supreme judicial power of the princes in case of disagreement with the boyars passed to the boyar elite. The boyars owned large estates and dependent peasants. In sources of the 12th century. the ancestors of the Galician boyars act as “princely men.” The strength of this boyars, who expanded the boundaries of their possessions and conducted large-scale trade, continuously increased. There was a constant struggle within the boyars for lands and power.
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Management system The head and highest representative of power in the principality was the prince. He united in his hands the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government, and also had a monopoly on the right to conduct diplomatic relations. Trying to become an absolute “autocrat,” the prince was constantly in conflict with the boyars, who sought to maintain their independence and turn the monarch into their own political instrument. The judicial power was combined with the administrative power. The highest court was held by the prince, and below - by the tivuns. The basic law remained the provisions of “Russian Pravda”. The city court was often based on German law.
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Economic development The economy of the Galicia-Volyn principality was natural. Its basis is agriculture. The main crops are oats, wheat and barley. Livestock breeding, horse breeding, sheep breeding and pig breeding were developed. Important components of the economy were trades - beekeeping, hunting and fishing.
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Among the crafts, blacksmithing, leatherworking, pottery, weapons and jewelry were famous. Woodworking and construction have achieved particular development. One of the leading industries was salt making. The Galician-Volyn principality, together with the Crimea, supplied salt to the entire Kievan Rus, as well as to Western Europe. The favorable location of the principality - on black soil lands - especially near the Sana, Dniester, and Vistula rivers made it possible for the active development of agriculture. Therefore, Galich was also one of the leaders in bread exports.
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Trade in the Galician-Volyn lands was not developed properly. Most of the manufactured products were used internally. The lack of access to the sea and large rivers prevented the conduct of widespread international trade, and, naturally, the replenishment of the treasury. The main trade routes were overland. Trade took place in the cities of the Galicia-Volyn principality, of which there were more than eighty by the end of the 13th century. The state treasury was replenished through tribute, taxes, extortions from the population, wars and confiscation of properties from unwanted boyars. Russian hryvnias, Czech groschen and Hungarian dinars were used in the territory of the principality.
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Cultural achievements The main cultural centers of the principality were large cities and Orthodox monasteries, which at the same time played the role of the main educational centers of the country. Volyn played a leading role in the cultural life of the country. The city of Vladimir itself, the main city of the Volyn principality, was an ancient citadel of the Rurikovichs. The Galician-Volyn Chronicle was also written in Galich and the Galician Gospel was created. The largest and most famous monasteries in the principality were Poloninsky, Bogorodichny and Spassky.
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Little is known about the architecture of the principality. Written sources describe mainly churches, without mentioning the secular houses of princes or boyars. Galician-Volynian icons were especially valued in Western Europe. The art of icon painting of the Galician-Volyn lands had common features with the Moscow icon painting school of the 14th-15th centuries. The development of culture in the Galician-Volyn principality contributed to the consolidation of the historical traditions of Kievan Rus; for many centuries they were preserved in architecture, fine arts, literature, chronicles and historical works.
GENERAL INFORMATION GALICY-VOLYN DUTY, a Russian principality that arose as a result of the unification of the Galician and Vladimir-Volyn principalities (1199) by the Volyn prince Roman Mstislavich (). This principality was a powerful state in Europe. The Galician-Volyn principality occupied lands in the boshins of the Dniester, Prut, Southern and Western Bug, and stretched from the Carpathians to Polesie. In the 12th century. on this territory there were two independent principalities - Volyn and Galician. In 1199 they united into the powerful Galician-Volyn principality.
Socio-economic development The economy of the Galicia-Volyn principality is characterized by the presence of a large number of cities (in the 13th century - over 80), of which the most important were: Galich, Vladimir-Volynsky, Terebovl, Przemysl, etc. There was a large feudal landownership, in connection with which the boyars played a major political role.
Roman the Great Roman the Great captured Kyiv in 1203 and took the title of Grand Duke. His reign took place in endless unrest and bitter struggle with the boyars. After the death of Roman (1205), the principality split into several smaller principalities; part of the lands was seized by Hungarian and Polish feudal lords invited by local boyars. Feudal strife, the dominance of the boyars, and invasions of foreign invaders caused popular uprisings.
Daniil Romanovich, summoned by the townspeople in 1219, the Novgorod prince Mstislav Udaloy expelled the Hungarian feudal lords from Galicia in 1221. At the same time, Roman’s son Daniil came to power in Volyn, completing its unification in After the death of Mstislav the Udal (1228), he became a Galician prince, but finally subjugated the principality, fighting the boyars and Hungarian feudal lords, only in 1238 Daniil Romanovich took possession of Kiev and after a fierce struggle with other princes, Hungary and Poland, as well as the Galician boyars, he finally united (1245) all of Southwestern Rus' under his rule.
After the death of Daniel (1264), the principality split into 4 fiefs, nominally subordinate to the Galician prince. The great Galician princes were successively: Danilovich (), Lev Danilovich (), Yuri Lvovich (), Andrey and Lev Yurievich (). In 1323, the boyars invited Prince Boleslav Troydenovich to the throne, who ruled until after him. After him, the boyars, led by Dmitry Dedko, who at first retained actual power in their hands, invited the Lithuanian prince Lubart Gediminovich to the throne. The Galician-Volyn principality was included in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. By agreement (1352) between the Polish king Casimir and the Lithuanian princes, Galicia fell under the rule of Poland, and Volyn remained with Lithuania.
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Presentation on the topic: Galicia-Volyn Principality
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Geographical location of the Galicia-Volyn principality. Favorable geographical location (remoteness from Kyiv weakened the influence of the central government, natural conditions made these lands difficult to access for steppe nomads, in addition, the Galicia-Volyn principality was located at the intersection of strategically important trade routes). The Galician-Volyn principality, distinguished by very favorable natural and climatic conditions , wealth, population and beauty of cities (Galich, Vladimir-Volynsky, Kholm, Berestye (Brest), Lvov, Przemysl, etc.), crossed by the most important trade routes of pan-European importance, turned out to be very tempting for invaders. First, the Mongol-Tatars, then the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Volyn) and Poland (Galich) deprived these lands of independence.
Slide no. 3
Slide description:
Foundation of the Galicia-Volyn principality. The unification of Galicia and Volyn was accomplished by the Volyn prince Roman Mstislavich, the son of Mstislav Izyaslavich. Taking advantage of the unrest in Galicia, he first occupied it in 1188, but could not hold it under the pressure of the Hungarians, who also invaded Galician land at the request of local boyars. For the second time, Roman annexed Galicia to Volyn in 1199, after the death of the last Galician prince Vladimir Yaroslavich from the Rostislavich family. He harshly suppressed the local boyar opposition, which resisted his attempts to centralize government, and thereby laid the foundation for the creation of a unified Galicia-Volyn principality, centered in the city of Galich.
Slide no. 4
Slide description:
Social conflicts The process of formation of large land holdings and the formation of a class of feudal lords was accompanied by increased feudal dependence of peasants and the emergence of feudal rent. Labor rent in the 11th - 12th centuries. gradually replaced by product rent. The amount of feudal duties was set by the feudal lords at their own discretion. The brutal exploitation of peasants intensified the class struggle, which often took the form of popular uprisings against the feudal lords.
Slide no. 5
Slide description:
The forms of struggle of the boyars against unwanted princes are also characteristic. They invited Hungarians and Poles against them, put to death unwanted princes, and removed them from Galicia. The Galician-Volyn princes had certain administrative, military, judicial and legislative powers. In particular, they appointed officials in cities and towns, allocating them with land holdings under the condition of service, and were formally the commanders-in-chief of all armed forces. But each boyar had his own military militia, and since the Galician boyars’ regiments often outnumbered the prince’s, in case of disagreement, the boyars could argue with the prince using military force. The supreme judicial power of the princes in case of disagreement with the boyars passed to the boyar elite. The boyars owned large estates and dependent peasants. In sources of the 12th century. the ancestors of the Galician boyars act as “princely men.” The strength of this boyars, who expanded the boundaries of their possessions and conducted large-scale trade, continuously increased. There was a constant struggle within the boyars for lands and power.
Slide no. 6
Slide description:
The head and highest representative of power in the principality was the prince. He united in his hands the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government, and also had a monopoly on the right to conduct diplomatic relations. Trying to become an absolute “autocrat,” the prince was constantly in conflict with the boyars, who sought to maintain their independence and turn the monarch into their own political instrument. The judicial power was combined with the administrative power. The highest court was held by the prince, and below - by the tivuns. The basic law remained the provisions of “Russian Pravda”. The city court was often based on German law.
Slide no. 7
Slide description:
Economic development The economy of the Galicia-Volyn principality was natural. Its basis is agriculture. The main crops are oats, wheat and barley. Livestock breeding, horse breeding, sheep breeding and pig breeding were developed. Important components of the economy were trades - beekeeping, hunting and fishing.
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Slide description:
Among the crafts, blacksmithing, leatherworking, pottery, weapons and jewelry were famous. Woodworking and construction have achieved particular development. One of the leading industries was salt making. The Galician-Volyn principality, together with the Crimea, supplied salt to the entire Kievan Rus, as well as to Western Europe. The favorable location of the principality - on black soil lands - especially near the Sana, Dniester, and Vistula rivers made it possible for the active development of agriculture. Therefore, Galich was also one of the leaders in bread exports.
Slide no. 9
Slide description:
Trade in the Galician-Volyn lands was not developed properly. Most of the manufactured products were used internally. The lack of access to the sea and large rivers prevented the conduct of widespread international trade, and, naturally, the replenishment of the treasury. The main trade routes were overland. Trade took place in the cities of the Galicia-Volyn principality, of which there were more than eighty by the end of the 13th century. The state treasury was replenished through tribute, taxes, extortions from the population, wars and confiscation of properties from unwanted boyars. Russian hryvnias, Czech groschen and Hungarian dinars were used in the territory of the principality.
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Slide description:
Cultural achievements The main cultural centers of the principality were large cities and Orthodox monasteries, which at the same time played the role of the main educational centers of the country. Volyn played a leading role in the cultural life of the country. The city of Vladimir itself, the main city of the Volyn principality, was an ancient citadel of the Rurikovichs. The Galician-Volyn Chronicle was also written in Galich and the Galician Gospel was created. The largest and most famous monasteries in the principality were Poloninsky, Bogorodichny and Spassky.
Slide no. 11
Slide description:
Little is known about the architecture of the principality. Written sources describe mainly churches, without mentioning the secular houses of princes or boyars. Galician-Volynian icons were especially valued in Western Europe. The art of icon painting of the Galician-Volyn lands had common features with the Moscow icon painting school of the 14th-15th centuries. The development of culture in the Galician-Volyn principality contributed to the consolidation of the historical traditions of Kievan Rus; for many centuries they were preserved in architecture, fine arts, literature, chronicles and historical works.
Written sources describe mainly churches, without mentioning the secular houses of princes or boyars. There is also little data from archaeological excavations, and they are not enough for an accurate reconstruction of the structures of that time. The remains of the principality's temples and records in chronicles make it possible to assert that in these lands the traditions of the architecture of Kievan Rus remained strong, but new trends in Western European architectural styles were felt. The fine arts of the principality were strongly influenced by Byzantine art. Galicia-Volyn icons were especially valued in Western Europe, many of them ended up in Polish churches after the conquest of the principality. The art of icon painting of the Galician-Volyn lands had common features with the Moscow icon painting school of the 14th-15th centuries. Although Orthodox traditions did not encourage the development of sculpture due to the struggle against side-worship, the pages of the Galicia-Volyn Chronicle mention sculptural masterpieces in Galich, Przemysl and other cities, which indicates Catholic influence on the masters of the principality. Fashion in decorative art, especially in the processing of weapons and military devices, was dictated by Asian countries, in particular the Golden Horde. The development of culture in the Galician-Volyn principality contributed to the consolidation of the historical traditions of Kievan Rus; for many centuries they were preserved in architecture, fine arts, literature, chronicles and historical works. But at the same time, the principality came under the influence of Western Europe, where the Galician-Volyn princes and nobility sought protection from aggression from the east.
