What is kidney necrosis: symptoms and treatment

Any disease associated with the renal system and organ directly affects its performance and functionality. Untimely treatment of pathology can lead to the formation of renal failure or cause necrosis of the kidneys. Necrosis of the organ contributes to the death of healthy kidney cells, deterioration in the functioning of the organ and intoxication of the body. With untimely treatment or diagnosis, organ loss occurs or death occurs. In this article we will talk about the disease of kidney necrosis, analyze its etiology, symptoms and treatment methods.

Etiology of the disease

The main reason for the formation of the development of the disease is Escherichia coli, which penetrates through the papillae of the kidney along the mucosa of the pelvis by contact. Renal papillary necrosis may be unilateral or bilateral. The disease completely affects the performance of one or more papillae of the organ, gives it a pale color, separates it from the adjacent tissue. Affected papillae present with necrotic ulceration, abscess, leukocyte infiltration, or papillary sclerosis. An additional development of the disease is facilitated by a pressure jump in the pelvis and a circulatory disorder in the pyramids of the organ, which leads to the death of healthy cells and a complete disruption of the functionality of the organ and the entire system as a whole.

For information! According to statistics, only 3% of people suffering from pyelonephritis suffer from kidney necrosis.

The main reasons for the formation of pathology are:

circulatory disorders in the brain;
poor blood supply to the renal papillae;
jumps in blood pressure that violate the output of urine;
the presence of abscesses and foci of inflammation in the brain section of the organ;
intoxication of the renal tissue;
circulatory disorders.

Symptoms of kidney necrosis

Necrosis of the kidneys is caused by damage, increase and separation of the protein in the cytoplasm and the destruction of nephrons. The most common causes of the formation of pathology are the influence of bacteria of infections and impaired blood supply in the organ. There are three types of kidney damage, each of them is characterized by its own symptoms and course:

Perenal insufficiency- is formed due to a decrease in kidney function, a violation of hemodynamics, accompanied by a decrease in blood flow in the kidneys and causes ischemia;
Renal insufficiency- accompanied by a violation of the functionality of the body, damage and destruction of the kidney tissue;
Postrenal insufficiency- accompanied by a violation of the outflow of urine, as a result of which the pelvis overflows with fluid, compresses the organ and ischemia occurs.

For information! Kidney necrosis of the renal form develops after warm ischemia after 25 minutes, and after cold ischemia after 2 hours.

Symptoms of necrosis of the renal papillae also have their differences, which depend on the cause of the pathology:

Acute papillary necrosis accompanied by bouts of pain, which are somewhat reminiscent of colic, chills and fever, the presence of blood cells in the urine. Within 5 days, renal failure occurs and the patient has a decrease in the amount of urine output or its complete cessation;
Chronic necrosis accompanied by the presence of stones, increased levels of leukocytes, proteins.

For information! With sickle cell anemia, the patient does not feel symptoms of chronic necrosis of the renal papillae.

Diagnosis of the disease

Comprehensive diagnosis and correct identification of the diagnosis are completely dependent on the collection of anamnesis. The attending physician conducts an examination, reveals the patient's complaints, the presence of infectious diseases of the kidneys, diabetes, injuries or injuries. The next stage of diagnosis is the delivery of a laboratory analysis of blood and urine, to identify their biochemical composition, its changes, as well as determining the level of protein, leukocytes and erythritol.

For information! The laboratory conclusion is obligatory in identifying the diagnosis, because. Ultrasound examination of the kidneys is not able to give an accurate picture of what is happening in the human body.

Diagnosis displays the following changes in the process of the organ and the entire renal system:

Radiography allows you to determine the presence of dead papillae of the kidney;
Ultrasound examination of the organ allows confirming the diagnosis of cortical necrosis;
Tubal necrosis is confirmed by ultrasound, a general urine test, blood test, X-ray and computed tomography.

Treatment of renal necrosis

Elimination of foci of inflammation and destruction of the kidney tissue, tubules and the organ itself is the main task of specialists. The method of treatment is prescribed based on the type of pathology and the reasons for its formation. Methods for the treatment of renal necrosis:

Treatment of renal necrosis is to eliminate the cause of the formation of the disease, as a rule, antispasmodics are prescribed. In case of blockage of the ureters, catheters are installed to collect fluid, drugs are also prescribed that strengthen the immune system, restore internal blood supply and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.
The treatment of cortical necrosis consists in restoring the internal blood supply to the kidney tissue, bacteria, and the infection is removed with antibiotics, and an artificial kidney is used to purify the blood.

For information! If drug therapy does not bring a high result, the organ is completely removed.

Treatment of damaged tubules is performed with drugs that cause intoxication. Antibiotic therapy is prescribed to eliminate bacteria, infections, restore internal blood supply, strengthen immunity, cleanse the body of accumulated toxins, and also prescribe drugs that eliminate attacks of vomiting and nausea.

For information! Restoration of the passage of urine is performed by introducing a catheter, nephrostomy and antibiotic therapy.

You can learn more about the methods for diagnosing kidney necrosis from the video

Early diagnosis of the disease gives good prognosis for the restoration of the organ's performance and the return to normal life of the patient. However, patients are often given an organ transplant or permanent dialysis therapy that performs kidney function. Modern methods of treatment and diagnosis make it possible to avoid complications and the formation of kidney necrosis. The recovery process depends entirely on timely consultation, the correct prescription of treatment and the stage of the disease. Remember, the main task of treatment is to suppress foci of inflammation, eliminate bacteria, infections and increase the body's reactivity.