Loop diuretics: drugs, list and use

medicines actions that affect a part of the nephron in the kidney called the loop of Henle are loop diuretics.

Such with resources stimulate the removal of fluids and salts from the body, the effect comes quickly. Unlike other diuretics, loop diuretics do not affect cholesterol and do not provoke the development of diabetes. Nonetheless,side effectsloop diuretics have, and significant.

An indication for the appointment of loop diuretics may be one of the following conditions:

tissue swelling due to excessive sodium in the body;
hypertension;
heart and kidney failure;
excessive amounts of potassium and calcium in the blood.

The following arecontraindications for useloop diuretics:

arrhythmia;
an obstruction to the flow of urine into the bladder;
allergy to medicines from the group of sulfonamides;
decrease in the volume of blood circulating in the body;
pregnancy and breastfeeding.

The effect of loop diuretics on the body

Half an hour after taking the drugloop diuretics start to act . The active substance relaxes the musculature of blood vessels, increases renal blood flow.

Despite the rapid onset of action, such the state will last about 4-6 hours, no more. The increased excretion of urine is due to a failure in the countercurrent-turning structure of the loop of Henle, which is caused by diuretics. Medicines accelerate the filtration of liquids that do not contain proteins, and also reduce the absorption of sodium and chlorine, magnesium.

Against the background of a decrease in the amount of magnesium in the body, the production of a hormone produced by the parathyroid glands decreases. This action reduces the reabsorption of calcium, reducing the workload on the heart and increasing the volume of urine.

Compatibility with other drugs

Takingloop diuretic drugsanother action must be chosen carefully, discussing with the doctor, since some combinations are undesirable. It's better not to combineloop diureticwith medicines for diabetes, inflammation, etc. Below isdrug list, which can have an adverse effect on the body when combined with diuretics:

anti-inflammatory drugs greatly reduce the effect of the diuretic;
blood-thinning medications can cause bleeding;
taking Digatalis affects the heart rate;
Anaprilin slows down the heart rate;
Lithium provokes diarrhea and vomiting;
Probenecid reduces the effect of diuretics;
diabetes medications will greatly lower blood sugar.

List of drugs. Dosage and method of application

Furosemide - the most famousloop diureticsare available in tablets and injections. Tablets should be taken in the morning, starting with 40 mg per day (1 tab.), Gradually increasing to 160 mg, if necessary. The action of the drug will begin after half an hour and last 4 hours. The injection is administered at 20-40 mg per day, the action begins after 4-5 minutes and lasts 8 hours.

Britomar is a diuretic in tablets of 5-10 mg. It is used regardless of food at a convenient time of day, but preferably not before bedtime, so as not to run all night to the restroom. To relieve swelling on the background of heart failure, Britomar is drunk 10-20 mg once a day. If edema is caused by kidney pathologies, then 20 mg is prescribed once a day. Against the background of liver diseases, edema is removed by taking 5-10 mg of the drug in combination with other drugs. With hypertension, 5 mg of Britomar per day is sufficient. The effect is noticeable in an hour, lasts 10 hours.

Ethacrynic acid - tablets of 50 mg of the active substance or injection solution. Begin treatment with 50 mg per day, gradually increasing the dose as needed. Intravenouslyloop diureticsprescribed if you need an urgent effect. The usual intake of the drug is felt after half an hour, lasts 8 hours.

Diuver - tablets 5-10 mg. Start with 5 mg and gradually increase to 40 mg as needed. Hypertensive patients are advised to take half a 5 mg tablet once a day. The diuretic acts 2 hours after ingestion and the effect lasts 18 hours.

Bufenox - loop diureticsin tablets and ampoules for injection. Tablets are prescribed in the morning on an empty stomach, the course lasts 3-5 days. Injections can be done intravenously and intramuscularly. The effect comes within 2 hours.

Lasix is available in 40 mg tablets and 10 mg infusion ampoules. If the swelling is not too pronounced, you can take the medicine at 20-40 mg per day, and for pulmonary edema - 40 mg. Hypertensive patients are prescribed 80 g per day, tablets should be taken 2 times. The action of the diuretic begins after 2 hours.

Side effects of loop diuretics

Adverse reactions, like other drugs, there are diuretic drugs. The manifestation of negative effects affects itselfmechanism of action of loop diuretics.If diuretics are taken uncontrollably without the knowledge of a doctor, then potassium deficiency, hyponatremia, and a decrease in the volume of extracellular fluid will be indicated in the body. Side effects are manifested by a decrease in pressure up to a state of shock, thromboembolism, hepatic encephalopathy. Due to the excessive intake of sodium into the distal canals, an increase in the renal excretion of hydrogen and potassium is possible, which is subsequently fraught with hypochloremic alkalosis. If the diet is low in potassium, diuretics can lead to hypokalemia, which causes arrhythmias in people taking heart medications. Increased excretion of calcium and magnesium is fraught with a lack of these important electrolytes.

There may be tinnitus, hearing loss, and sometimes deafness. Patients may feel dizzy, stuffy in the ears. Deafness or partial hearing loss in most cases disappears when the course of treatment with diuretics ends. Often, hearing problems occur against the background of rapid intravenous administration of the drug, rarely against the background of the use of tablets. Doctors suggest that ototoxicity is provoked by ethacrynic acid.

Reception of loop diuretics sometimes provokes hyperuricemia and further - gout, as well as hyperglycemia, which leads to the onset of diabetes mellitus. During treatment with diuretics, blood cholesterol levels may change. Other side effects: skin rash, sensitivity to ultraviolet light, malfunction of the gastrointestinal tract. Given the adverse reactions, loop diuretics are contraindicated in sodium deficiency, allergies to sulfa drugs, anuria and other conditions. You can learn more about contraindications from the instructions or from your doctor.

Summing up, it can be noted that self-administration of diuretics is undesirable, since there is a risk of complications and adverse reactions. A competent specialist can decide on the advisability of prescribing diuretic drugs and choosing a specific remedy.