Symptoms and treatment of nocturia in men

For a healthy person, excretion of up to 80% of urine from the total amount of liquid drunk is considered the norm. The volume of urine excreted during the day is always greater than at night. An increase in the amount of urination at night is called nocturia.

Violations in the functioning of the organs of the urinary system can have a serious negative impact on health. This is due to the fact that toxins are excreted from the body along with urine. If the system stops functioning properly, it can lead to stagnation of urine and swelling. Sometimes the opposite situation happens - when the human body loses a fairly large amount of fluid per day. Symptoms and treatment of nocturia in men, as in women, have their own distinctive features. Although some of them are universal for both sexes.

The reasons that can trigger the onset of pathological processes may be different. Despite the fact that a violation in the functioning of the urinary system is a fairly common problem, it is important not to self-medicate. It is necessary to contact a urologist in a timely manner to discuss the current situation and choose the right treatment tactics.

Types of nocturia

With nocturia, the main volume of fluid is excreted by the kidneys at night, and not during the day. This is a deviation from the norm, due to a violation in the ratio of urine excreted at different times of the day. The key factors in the occurrence of nocturia are functional disorders of the bladder, or hormonal imbalance.

It is customary to distinguish between the following types:

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1. Cardiac nocturia: occurs due to poor contraction of the heart muscle.
2. Renal nocturia: occurs due to various pathologies of the kidneys.

Antidiuretic (AVP) and atrial natriuretic (ANH) hormones are responsible for regulating water balance in the body. AVP increases fluid absorption in the glomerular system. Due to this, the secretion of uric acid is reduced. This hormone not only regulates the saturation of the body with fluid, but also reduces the excretory function of the kidneys. Renal nocturia, caused by disorders in the functioning of the kidneys, is characterized by increased blood flow in the renal tissues. Due to such a rapid movement of blood flow through the vessels of the kidneys, hypertensive diuresis begins, in which the urge to urinate becomes very frequent (up to 12 times a day).

With pathologies of the heart, muscle tissue is oversaturated with blood, which leads to the release of natriuretic hormones (ANH). A large amount of water is also released, and the level of urine secretion becomes higher. It is worth noting that with cardiac nocturia, the load on the heart during the daytime increases. The amount of water consumed also has an effect. All this contributes to the stagnation of blood and fluid in the tissues of the body.

At night, the outflow of venous blood becomes better by reducing the load on the heart. But it also promotes the release of ANH (atrial natriuretic) hormone. As a result, swelling is reduced, and diuresis is increased.

Causes and symptoms

The main provoking factors for the occurrence of nocturia at night are:

Urinary incontinence in men

• General polyuria. This type is associated with disorders in the functioning of the renal and neuro-endocrine systems, as a result of which the volume of urine excreted per day becomes higher.
• Nocturnal polyuria. Accompanied by an increase in the number of urges at night.
• Functional disorders in the bladder. As a result, this organ ceases to retain urine.

The first two types of polyuria are associated with an imbalance of the AVP or ANG hormones. Violations in the work of the bladder occur as a result of the onset of any pathological processes in this organ. At the same time, one should not forget that only nocturia in children under two years old can be considered the norm. If violations in the ratio of urine excreted during the daytime and at night occur in adults, this can serve as a signal of the onset of pathological processes in the body.

How does it work for men

Most often, an increase in the number of nocturnal urges to the toilet occurs in men of mature age. At first, the number of daytime and nighttime urination levels off, and then the nighttime urges become more and more frequent. It is not uncommon for such forced nightly visits to the toilet to lead to sleep disturbances. As a result, insomnia develops, depression and irritability appear. Nocturia has rather unpleasant symptoms, so when they first occur, it is necessary to start treatment in a timely manner for both men and women.

• Atherosclerosis of the vessels (plaques), due to poor movement of blood through the vessels, as well as abdominal pain, a sharp decrease in appetite, vomiting.
• Sleep apnea syndrome.
• Low levels of steroid hormones.
• Prostate adenoma.
• Multiple sclerosis and other disorders of the nervous system.
• Drinking too much alcohol, coffee, and other liquids just before bed.

If nocturia in men is associated with pathological disorders in the functioning of the bladder, there are problems with emptying or accumulation of urine.

Emptying problems:

Problems with the accumulation of urine:

• frequent urination;
• increase in the number of urges at night;
• inability to endure and delay urination for a long time;
• complete urinary incontinence, with failure to control the onset of urination.

Sometimes the reduced structural capacity of the bladder cavity can provoke the occurrence of nocturia. It occurs as a result of obstruction of the bladder neck, malignant neoplasms, the onset of inflammatory processes in the lower zones of the urethra. Also, this violation can occur due to the use of ionized radiation during the treatment of any diseases.

Diagnostics

To make a diagnosis of nocturia, the urologist needs to conduct an initial examination, as well as take into account the presence of other diseases in the anamnesis and the results of laboratory and diagnostic studies. May appoint, including:

Additionally, they may be asked to keep a diary (with records of the number of urination and disturbing discomfort). For men, it will be enough to observe for three days. There is also a special screening questionnaire (ICiQ-N) that helps to identify how severe nocturia is in a patient. Based on the results of the studies, the further course of treatment is determined.

Risk factors

Depending on the underlying medical conditions, there are certain risk factors that can further lead to nocturia. Including:

In rare cases, hypercalcemia can cause further complications in the form of nocturia. Also, taking strong diuretics at night, as well as drinking large amounts of fluid before bedtime, can have a negative impact.

How to treat nocturia

Before starting to treat nocturia, it is necessary to identify what causes were the beginning of the inflammatory process. This applies to both men and women. For example, in case of heart pathologies, an additional examination by a cardiologist is necessary. Violations in the work of the heart and blood vessels may require surgical intervention.

If there are disorders in the renal arteries (atherosclerosis), minimally invasive surgical methods are recommended. For example, X-ray endovascular intervention that restores blood flow and vascular patency. It is worth noting that such an intervention does not leave too noticeable incisions after the operation, since the puncture is carried out through the hip joint.

If there is a history of prostate adenoma, this may also serve as an indication for further surgical intervention. Modern methods of treatment of malignant neoplasms of the prostate are highly effective. This helps to significantly reduce the treatment time. Further treatment tactics are selected taking into account the existing diseases and the severity of nocturia.

Medical therapy

As a means of drug therapy in the treatment of nocturia, the following are prescribed:

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Indomethacin, Diclofenac.
• Nootropics. For example, Piracetam.
• Means that improve blood circulation: Pentoxifylline.
• Means that improve the functional functioning of the bladder: Tolterodine, Oxybutynin.
• Antidepressants: Sertraline, Fluoxetine.

In some cases, with pathological changes in the bladder, doses of Ovestin may be prescribed, the dosage is selected by the doctor individually for each specific case.

Treatment with folk remedies

Folk remedies can also help treat nocturia. But it is also important to continue treatment with traditional drug therapy. With prostate adenoma, pumpkin pulp juice helps a lot (one glass a day for three weeks is enough). You can also eat pumpkin seeds (no more than 100 grams per day, on an empty stomach, duration - 1 month.) You can also try special medicinal decoctions.

How to make a medicinal decoction:

• 2 tbsp. l. raw materials pour 500 ml of hot water;
• strain at the end.

Take 0.5 cup up to 3-5 times a day.

How to make:

• 150 gr. raw materials pour 400 ml of hot water;
• after being ready to insist for another 2 hours;
• strain at the end.

Take during the day.

Decoction of dried plantain leaves (for overactive bladder)

How to make:

• 1 st. l. pour raw materials with 1 glass of hot water;
• after being ready to wrap and insist for another 1 hour;
• strain at the end.

Take 1 tbsp. l. before meals up to 3-4 times a day.

And it must be remembered that timely treatment started, discussion of all necessary issues with a specialist will help to avoid serious complications. With timely treatment of nocturia and well-chosen therapy, the prognosis is favorable.

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