Covert operations of military counterintelligence. Intelligence and counterintelligence in the Great Patriotic War
Moreover, the specifics of the activities of an intelligence officer / counterintelligence officer of any level are quite routine and of little interest to anyone, unless you start composing and inventing. The theory of intelligence and counterintelligence has been known almost since ancient Egypt. The most beautiful presentation of the rules that guided and are guided by all the secret services of the world is set out in a Chinese treatise of the 5th century (AD!) and is called "36 stratagems", that is, 36 military tricks. True, the treatise itself was found and published in 1941, and the original, from which the publication was made, belonged to the 14th-15th centuries of our era. So here, too, there are riddles and, quite possibly, lies. But it is well written and it is interesting to get acquainted with this work. To find all 36 stratagems, just google the Internet.
Intelligence services are now available not only in the army, but also in state and corporate structures. There are intelligence units in criminal and terrorist organizations. The task of all intelligence services or units is to collect information that ensures the successful operation of the organization. In the army, this is the collection of information about the enemy, his intentions and weaknesses. In large corporations - industrial espionage and poaching valuable personnel from competitors. Terrorists have to collect information that ensures the success of the next terrorist attack. In the state security services, on the contrary, they collect information about the intentions of terrorists and large gangs.
Where there is intelligence, there is counterintelligence. The task of counterintelligence is defensive: to make it difficult or impossible to collect information about important internal functions and plans of the protected organization. In the army, this is the detection and elimination of spies and saboteurs. In corporations - the protection of corporate secrets and checking the loyalty of employees. For terrorists and bandits - the detection of agents of intelligence or detective services or provocateurs. State counterintelligence structures are engaged in the neutralization and destruction of terrorists, bandits and "internal enemies", which often en masse include all oppositionists.
In the army and state structures, the intelligence and counterintelligence services are different departments, each of which functions independently. Communication between them is carried out only at the "very top". The coordinator of the actions of army intelligence and counterintelligence is one of the officers of the general staff, very often the chief of the general staff himself. At the state level, all the threads of managing these services are in the hands of the supreme power: the president, the prime minister, the monarch, the dictator. In terrorist and criminal groups, quite often one person directs both intelligence and counterintelligence activities. This "combination" can lead to a serious failure. What, for example, happened at the beginning of the 20th century in the militant organization of the Socialist-Revolutionaries, which was led by E. Azef. Being recruited by the Security Department (state counterintelligence), he handed over many SR militants to certain death. Since E. Azef in the military organization also led counterintelligence, no one could suspect him of betrayal. The provocation of E. Azef was revealed by an outsider, journalist V. Burtsev.
Thus, it is highly desirable that there be a complete separation between the intelligence and counterintelligence services. The separation should be such that the employees of these services do not know each other.
In the counterintelligence service, as in the intelligence service, conspiracy is very important. After all, the key to the success of the work of both services is the secret of their activities, and the effective preservation of such a secret is possible only if it is known to one or two persons, no more. Although the same father Muller said: "What two people know, the pig also knows"
The main qualities of employees of the counterintelligence service are honesty, courage, devotion. Mandatory analytical skills, observation, good memory. Perseverance, will and determination are needed, as well as excellent physical shape. Let's add in parentheses that rigidity/cruelty and carelessness are also considered useful qualities of a counterintelligence officer.
The main task of army counterintelligence is the protection of military facilities, which include both military units and warships, as well as industrial and research facilities of defense significance. During the war, the main work of counterintelligence officers is concentrated in the combat area. Counterintelligence controls not so much the zone itself where military clashes take place (here - the area of work of front-line intelligence), but the rear zone, reaching the rear borders of the supply services. Under the tutelage of military counterintelligence are the headquarters of divisions, corps and armies, warehouses and camps for the reorganization of troops. The main method here is active observation. In Soviet fiction, the best description of the everyday work of the front-line counterintelligence is the novel by V. Bogomolov “In August forty-four” (“The Moment of Truth”). By the way, the novel, all invented by the author, up to pseudo-documentary correspondence, which creates the effect of authenticity.
If the actions of the army counterintelligence "in frontal conditions" require speed and decisiveness, the defense of military installations in the depths of the country proceeds in a calmer atmosphere. Here, the main attention is paid to protection against the penetration of enemy intelligence agents into a protected object and to preventing the dissemination of classified information. The first is achieved by certain technical and organizational measures, for example, the correct distribution of access to different places of the protected object and the use of advanced methods of security alarm and identification. The second is achieved again by the correct distribution of access to information. The main rule here is that everyone should know only what is included in the scope of his duties, no one should have access to information that does not concern him.
By the way, it is this principle that underlies the protection of information systems. Each user of such a system has certain permissions to access information and to change it. These permissions are set centrally by the system administrator in the user profile (or other similar electronic document). Access to the system for any user is provided by a login/password pair. In this case, even the system administrator cannot get a list of passwords. If necessary, using a certain procedure, the user himself replaces the old password with a new one.
Generally speaking, the information protection of certain computer systems working for state or military needs is also included in the scope of special information counterintelligence. But one could write a separate book about this, full of formulas and technical terms. Therefore, let us stop at these gates.
The counterintelligence services of corporations perform functions similar to the functions of army counterintelligence just listed in the protection of rear military installations. They protect workplaces from unauthorized access and are engaged in the protection of information circulating within the corporation. In addition, an important function of corporate counterintelligence is to check the loyalty of personnel. An employee suspected of disloyalty can be fired without discussion. At the same time, any dismissed person collects his belongings in a special box under the supervision of a security officer and is accompanied by the same employee outside the territory of the corporation. At the same time, his access to the information system of the corporation is blocked. Trade unions are prohibited in corporations under the pretext of protecting information, and even attempts to create such are strictly blocked. Corporations also operate a system of informants, which causes many “wonderful” sensations for many people who lived in the “beautiful” USSR. For example, the word “sexot” involuntarily pops up in the mind, which means “secret collaborator” in Soviet. And in thieves' jargon, inseparable from the Soviet language, such people were called "informers." Why? Yes, because they secretly knocked on the door to the head of the operational unit ("opera") with the next report.
And if we are talking about the underworld, we note that if the army, state or corporate counterintelligence services act tough, but try to stay on the verge of legal measures of influence, then terrorists and bandits do without such tenderness. The destruction of someone simply suspected of collaborating with the "cops" or with the "enemies" is an everyday matter. Keep this in mind when reading romanticized biographies of "fiery revolutionaries." Behind each of them there are many destroyed "traitors", whose betrayal no one particularly understood. And if such “jolly guys” get to power (which we will find a ton of examples in history), they continue to act with the same bandit-terrorist methods, tirelessly looking for “enemies of the people” and “national traitors” among the civilian population
However, history teaches that it teaches nothing. Unfortunately.
The strength of the intelligence service of any state is determined by a number of factors. In addition to material and technical resources, these are, first of all, the reliability of personnel and their professional qualifications, the quality and operational capabilities of the undercover apparatus, and social support.
All this was inherent in the Counterintelligence Department (CRO), created in May 1922 in the structure of the GPU. In a short time, the KRO became one of the most powerful divisions of the Lubyanka. The appearance of the department and the concentration in it of the best personnel capable of developing in practice the principles of "scientific counterintelligence" became the answer of the leadership of the GPU to the realities of life. KRO operations, daring and large-scale, with precise political calculation, are rightfully considered classics of Russian operational art.
However, the practical successes of counterintelligence activities also required theoretical understanding. With all the acuteness, the question of creating a school of operational art and transferring its foundations to the younger generation of Chekists arose on the agenda. In this regard, lecture courses and theoretical developments on counterintelligence topics began to appear from the pen of experienced OGPU employees. One of the first such works was the analytical work "The ABC of the Counterintelligence Officer", born in 1925 in the bowels of the KRO OGPU. The author of the "ABC" is unknown, but there are suggestions that the head of the KRO Artur Khristianovich Artuzov himself had a hand in writing it.
"Espionage is rust that blunts bayonets
enemy soldiers...
In the first lines of this kind of short memo for young counterintelligence officers and novice agents of the OGPU, a definition of espionage is given, i.e. the very phenomenon that, in fact, counterintelligence has to fight. According to the statement of one of the military geniuses of the past years quoted in the work, "espionage is rust that dulls the bayonets of enemy soldiers, mold that corrodes the walls of enemy fortresses."
Further, the author of the ABC of the Counterintelligence Officer identifies the enemy and talks in detail about his intelligence agencies. Enemy, enemy, political and military, "any foreign state is recognized, whatever its relations with us, whatever "alliances", "cordial agreements" and peace treaties with it may be concluded.
The author notes that the intelligence agency of a foreign state is one of the departments of its General Staff, which has its own permanent and sometimes temporary intelligence network on the territories of other states, consisting of persons of both sexes, of a wide variety of ages and professions, ranging from professor and bishop and ending with an organ grinder and a street prostitute. In addition to intelligence conducted by the General Staff of a given country, it is carried out by all foreign embassies, diplomatic and trade missions, and consulates without exception. All kinds of concessions are used for the same purpose.
In addition to a permanent spy network, each state usually uses for reconnaissance various expeditions, excursions, etc. sent to the territory of other states, including archaeological, medical, charitable ones, for which several people with a special task are introduced into the environment of those sent.
"Intelligence and counterintelligence lead to each other
tough fight..."
What, according to the Chekists of the 1920s, could counterintelligence of the OGPU oppose to foreign intelligence, and what are the differences and similarities between them? “Intelligence and counterintelligence,” concludes the author of Azbuka, “are waging a fierce struggle between themselves. Who better and thinner disguises their agents, who better keeps the secret of the organization, who ... better uses the means that can be used, he will be the winner.” .
It follows from this that if it costs a lot of effort, dexterity and composure for an intelligence officer to penetrate into the right environment, then even more expenditures of the same qualities are required on the part of the counterintelligence officer, who, in addition to penetration and camouflage, also needs to look for his unknown enemy and act in such a way not to expose yourself.
Intelligence and counterintelligence work goes underground deeper and deeper, thinner and stronger disguised, taking on more and more new forms that simply did not exist until now.
"What is the job of a counterintelligence officer?" - asks the author of the "ABC" and immediately answers it himself. "At first glance, it may seem to an inexperienced novice counterintelligence officer (agent) that he should look for some person who is engaged in espionage, works in a counterrevolutionary organization, agitates, catch him red-handed, convict him and consider this task completed."
“However, in the sense of suppressing espionage work,” the author continues, “it’s not enough to reveal it, you need to find out what exactly this spy is doing, what interests him, where and from what sources he draws information, is it possible to start supplying him with misinformation, is he not doing any other tasks, and to reveal the circle of his acquaintances, the line of his connection up to the resident and down to other agents. In a word, the entire network, or at least part of it, is developed through one person. Then it becomes possible, by means of disinformation, to confuse the enemy's reconnaissance, and, if necessary, snatch out an entire spy group.
It should be noted that the theoretical calculations of the Counterintelligence ABC were based on the real results of the practical activities of the KRO. At the time of writing, the staff of the department managed to create stable channels for promoting disinformation about the size and weapons of the Red Army, the economic and mobilization capabilities of the USSR to the leading centers of the special services of a number of European countries.
"We managed to organize our work in such a way," Artuzov, the head of the KRO, wrote about his report, "that at present the main headquarters of foreign states are supplied with 95% of the material that is being developed by the KRO OGPU together with the military department." Plus, a number of foreign intelligence agencies - Polish, Estonian, partly Finnish - were entirely in the hands of counterintelligence officers and acted on their instructions. During the same period, KRO employees managed to get the ciphers and codes of some foreign embassies in Moscow, which allowed people from Lubyanka to fully control their telegraph messages.
"Ideological Spies"
from Russian emigration
The study of archival documents shows that the edge of the smashing sword of the KRO was directed not inland, but outward, to foreign emigrant centers, which in those years were actively used by foreign intelligence services for sabotage against the USSR. Therefore, in the ABC of Counterintelligence, special attention is paid to white emigration and the peculiarities of foreign espionage carried out with its support.
It should be noted that not without the influence of the OGPU, thinking opponents of Bolshevism began to gradually understand that the victory of the Reds in the Civil War was far from an accidental phenomenon. An ardent opponent of the Soviets, Boris Savinkov, reflecting on the origins of the defeat of the "white cause", in his famous letter "Why I recognized Soviet power" directly pointed out the main reason: the presence of social support for the Reds.
As you know, two months earlier, in mid-August 1924, Savinkov fell into a trap specially designed for him by the KRO OGPU and ended up in the inner prison of Lubyanka alone with his heavy thoughts. Ten days after his arrest, Savinkov appeared before the court, where he fully admitted his guilt before the authorities that had won in Russia. This confession was not preceded by torture in the style of the "thirties". Savinkov was defeated primarily ideologically: the interrogations conducted by the leading officers of the KRO looked more like intellectual duels.
"The agent must be
artist..."
A significant part of the ABC of Counterintelligence is devoted to the work of a novice intelligence agent and is replete with a large number of recommendations and tips on how to protect him from mistakes, mistakes and, most importantly, from decoding and failure. Such serious attention is paid to undercover work not by chance, since it was thanks to it that the operations "Trust" and "Syndicate-2" were successful.
But even the first employees of the Cheka completely rejected the possibility of using agents in their activities, since these methods of work were associated with the tsarist special services (security departments and the gendarme corps) and were called the "method of provocations." It was believed that the secret service of the new proletarian state should build its work only on the basis of "purely ideological assistance from Soviet elements."
However, by the end of the first year of the existence of the Cheka, Dzerzhinsky and his associates came to the unequivocal conclusion that without the institution of secret agents, there could be no question of any serious work to suppress the activities of underground White Guard organizations. Such a decision did not come immediately and not suddenly. He was directly promoted by the experience gained by the Special Department of the Cheka in the course of exposing the Polish intelligence network and re-recruiting a number of Polish intelligence officers on an ideological basis.
In early January 1921, Dzerzhinsky signed an order "On the punitive policy of the organs of the Cheka." In this document, for the first time, a new strategic line of the KGB apparatus was formulated. From that moment on, intelligence and operational work became a priority for the Cheka.
The core idea of the order was an indication of the creation of an effective information system that allows you to know "what such and such a name, former officer or landowner is doing so that his arrest makes sense", otherwise real spies and terrorists "will remain at large, and prisons will be overcrowded" .
What qualities should a counterintelligence agent of the 20s have to have? and what did he have to do to make his work productive and produce good results? “An agent must be an artist,” says the ABC, “he must always take good and clear account of his strengths and the strengths of the enemy, not go ahead without weighing all the chances of success. A correct assessment of the situation, thoughtfulness, determination, composure, the ability to give an answer and rebuff in any situation, without showing his confusion, are necessary for the agent.The more clearly the agent imagines the psychology of the person for whom he claims to be, the better he understands and catches how this person would act and speak in this case, the more natural he will look and the more difficult it will be to distinguish fiction from reality. In addition to these recommendations, the author of the work advised the counterintelligence officer to be a man of few words, but well versed in everything that happens.
It should be noted that in practice the backbone of the KRO agents of the 20s. they were by no means the dregs of society, who decided, for the sake of saving lives or for food rations, to become secret employees of the GPU. These were people who had gone through a lot and experienced a lot. Representatives of the service Russian nobility, who did not have property and huge land estates, people of action, who befell not only the revolution from different sides, faced a difficult choice. Either to work together with emigrants, who wittingly or unwittingly became a "tool" in the hands of foreigners seeking to organize new sabotage or intervention, or to search for the lost meaning of life in serving Soviet Russia. Not everyone was able to make such a turn in their destiny.
One of those who turned out to be capable of this was Alexander Alexandrovich Yakushev, a former active state councilor, an active participant in the KGB operation "Trust". At the end of 1921, at the very beginning of the operation, while on Lubyanka and considering his life path, he wrote: “People must be found, strength must be found to save statehood, otherwise Russia will turn into a fertilizer field for foreigners, and its territory into future colonies for the Entente".
Legend or provocation
In the classic counterintelligence operations of the OGPU in the 1920s. with great success, the legend method was used, the main purpose of which was to create the enemy's illusion of the existence of powerful underground anti-Soviet organizations on the territory of the USSR, capable of supporting an intervention from outside or an "explosion from within" at the right time. This form of work fit well into the realities of NEP Russia.
In the literature on the subject of special services, there is a different interpretation of the operational term of the KRO of the 20s "legendary organization" or "legendary development". At the suggestion of foreign authors, the definition "provocation in the style of the Russian secret police" often dominates, i.e. "a network of traps for innocent people, purposefully lured into them, to fabricate high-profile cases." In this regard, separate pages are devoted to this aspect in the ABC of the Counterintelligence Officer. According to the Chekists of that time, “a legend is a fiction communicated to someone in order to increase interest and attention to the agent, to make it clear that he or one of his “friends” is connected with this or that kind of counter-revolutionary work, about his connections with an organization that exists only in the imagination, and thereby force the enemy to seek contact with a fictitious organization, i.e. force him to show his cards.
The main requirements for a legend look like this: it must correspond to the state of affairs and the situation, be quite probable, ideologically correspond to the environment where it will be used, not be full of details, certainly have ways to escape and maneuver, and be flexible throughout its development.
The purpose of the legend, according to the author of The ABC of Counterintelligence, is "to reveal existing organizations or groups, to reveal ongoing counterrevolutionary or espionage work, but by no means to call anyone to this kind of activity that is prosecuted by law and the principles of counterintelligence work."
Instead of an afterword
By the mid-20s. KRO OGPU came with a great store of theoretical knowledge and real undeniable successes in the practical field of counterintelligence art. It seemed that the experience of KRO in subsequent years would continue to grow with new operations and new knowledge. However, unfortunately, this did not happen.
Within a few years, the agents working for the KRO, and the counterintelligence officers themselves, were involved in a maelstrom of dramatic events and faced with a moral choice: either remain true to their conscience and, as a result, become an outcast of the System, or become an obedient cog in the repression machine. There was no third way for them. But, as it turned out, sudden death awaited each of them in both cases...
At the turn of the 30s. the leadership of the CPSU(b) abruptly changed its political course and, figuratively speaking, knocked out a surgical scalpel from the hands of counterintelligence, and instead put in an executioner's ax, the blows of which were directed inland. All that was required of the Chekists was blind obedience to the will of the Kremlin.
To form a new generation of the "armed detachment of the party", which was to solve the tasks of "cleansing the country", it was necessary to thoroughly reshuffle the existing cadres of the OGPU. As a result, a whole layer of personnel counterintelligence officers, organizers and active participants in the unique operations of the past years, was forced out of the central apparatus of the department to the periphery, and a few years later was destroyed by Yezhov in the meat grinder of 1937-1938.
However, the operational experience of the KRO staff was not lost forever. The new young cadres of the Soviet counterintelligence, who came to the organs from the NKVD schools and university audiences already in the post-Zhezhov period, studied operational art according to the theoretical developments of their predecessors from the 20s, and the knowledge gained soon turned out to be in demand in a difficult invisible battle with the special services of Nazi Germany during time of the Great Patriotic War.
Razvezdka. What is the difference between intelligence and counterintelligence?
- kindergarten info..
- after such an answer, even there is nothing to write
- GRU - intelligence of the General Staff, military intelligence. Engaged in the collection and analysis of military and military-technical information, as well as conducting sabotage behind enemy lines in wartime. It is in charge of special intelligence, undercover, military, radio intelligence and aerospace intelligence.
FSB - deals with the tasks of counterintelligence and counter-terrorism in Russia. Previously, the KGB had its own intelligence - the first main directorate (PGU), later it was separated into a separate independent organization - the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR).# Counterintelligence is an activity carried out by special agencies of a state to fight against the intelligence services of another state. In the capitalist states, K. is a system of numerous central and peripheral organs, often (Great Soviet Encyclopedia)
# counterintelligence is an activity carried out by special agencies of a state to fight against the intelligence services of other states. COUNTER-INTELLIGENCE, activities carried out by special bodies of the state to combat intelligence (Encyclopedic Dictionary)
# Counterintelligence Counterintelligence is the activity of special services to suppress intelligence (espionage) activities of the relevant bodies of other states. Organizations that engage in counterintelligence activities usually (Wikipedia)
# COUNTERINTELLIGENCE lt; lat. cotra vs. + intelligence is an activity carried out by special agencies of a state to fight against the intelligence of other states. (Source: Dictionary of foreign words. Komlev N. G., 2006) (Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language)Is it the practice and theory of collecting information about an enemy or competitor for security and advantage in the field of military, politics or economics. This is usually understood as part of an organized effort (that is, at a governmental or corporate level). Intelligence can use both legal methods of collecting information (for example, collecting and analyzing data from public sources, listening to radio channels from abroad, observing using reconnaissance satellites) and illegal operations that fall under the concept of espionage or theft of information.
* Strategic intelligence - intelligence activities in order to obtain information about the strategic potential and strategic intentions of the intelligence state, organization or other social community that influences the development of a strategy.
* Military intelligence is a type of intelligence, the objects of which are research centers, scientific and technical institutions, prominent scientists, specialists that make up the scientific and technical potential of the country.
* Political intelligence activities aimed at obtaining information about the domestic and foreign policy of the intelligence country; activities aimed at the accomplishment of actions to undermine the political foundations of the state.
* Economic intelligence is a type of foreign intelligence, the objects of which are industry, transport, trade, financial and monetary systems, natural resources, etc.
o Industrial espionage
counterintelligence
1) state bodies endowed with special competence in the field of combating the intelligence of other states and the subversive activities of the organizations and persons used by it. Counterintelligence is one of the tools of the political power of the state.
In the capitalist countries, counterintelligence constitutes the most reactionary part of the state mechanism. Bourgeois counterintelligence takes an active part in the struggle against communist and workers' parties, national liberation movements, and progressive organizations of workers. It is actively working against the intelligence services of the socialist states. In the interests of the monopoly bourgeoisie, counterintelligence often performs the functions of political investigation. The counterintelligence of the capitalist state is a system of numerous central and peripheral agencies, often dispersed among various departments.
In the socialist states, the functions of counterintelligence are determined by the interests of the working people and are aimed at protecting them from the subversive activities of the intelligence agencies of the capitalist states and the organizations and individuals they use. The counterintelligence agencies of the socialist countries enjoy the confidence and support of the working people.
In the USSR, the functions of counterintelligence are performed by the counterintelligence apparatuses of the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR and their local agencies. In the modern period, they solve the following main tasks: identifying, preventing and suppressing espionage, terrorist, sabotage and other hostile intelligence actions, ideological centers of capitalist states and foreign anti-Soviet organizations, both on the territory of the USSR and abroad (against Soviet institutions and citizens) ; detection, prevention and suppression of the subversive activities of anti-Soviet elements within the country; ensuring the safety of state and military secrets in the Armed Forces of the USSR, at especially important industrial, transport, communications facilities, at research institutes, design bureaus and other facilities; participation in the detection, prevention and suppression of violations of the state border of the USSR; search for especially dangerous state criminals; ensuring the timely deployment of active intelligence and counterintelligence activities in a special period and in wartime; the solution of other tasks to combat the subversive activities of the enemy, determined by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Soviet government.
Counterintelligence Dictionary. - Higher Red Banner School of the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR. F. E. Dzerzhinsky. 1972 .
Synonyms:See what "Counterintelligence" is in other dictionaries:
counterintelligence- counterintelligence... Spelling Dictionary
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE- COUNTERINTELLIGENCE, counterintelligence, for women. (military). An institution that counteracts foreign espionage and propaganda and conducts intelligence work behind enemy lines. Counterintelligence shot the exposed enemy agent. see counter .... ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov
counterintelligence- Abwehr Dictionary of Russian synonyms. counterintelligence n., number of synonyms: 3 Abwehr (3) defensive ... Synonym dictionary
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE- activities carried out by special bodies of the state to combat the intelligence of other states ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE- COUNTERINTELLIGENCE, and, for women. Special government agencies to counter intelligence (in 4 values) of other states; activities of such bodies. Serve in counterintelligence. Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov
COUNTERINTELLIGENCE- [Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
counterintelligence- ... Wikipedia
counterintelligence- activities carried out by special bodies of the state to combat the intelligence of another state. In the capitalist states, K. is a system of numerous central and peripheral organs, often ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
counterintelligence- and; pl. genus. doc, date dcam; and. An organization to counter enemy intelligence, to combat espionage, sabotage, etc. ◁ Counterintelligence, oh, oh. * * * counterintelligence activities carried out by special bodies ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
counterintelligence- and. An organization created to counter enemy reconnaissance, to combat espionage, sabotage, etc. Explanatory Dictionary of Ephraim. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova
Books
- Counterintelligence Future (collection), Vasily Golovachev. The launch of the giant Superstringer, which was supposed to help earthly scientists uncover the secret of the birth of the Universe, caused the appearance of exotic objects within the boundaries of our Metagalaxy, threatening ...
"A-54"
The agent of the Czechoslovak and British intelligence in the Abwehr is Paul Kümmel (Tümmel - Thtimmel). Recruited by Czechoslovak intelligence on a material basis and taking into account his anti-Nazi views. Provided Czechoslovak intelligence and especially the Intelligence Service with information of exceptional importance. Executed by the Nazis in April 1945.
Abwehr(Abwehr)
German military intelligence service in 1921-1944. In the pre-war and war years, military intelligence was distinguished by its scale and effectiveness of operations. The activities of the Abwehr acquired a special scope after the aggression of fascist Germany against Soviet Union. Numerous units of the Abwehr operated on the Soviet-German front. They were engaged in recruiting work in the camps of Soviet prisoners of war and among the civilian population of the occupied regions of the USSR, sent reconnaissance and sabotage groups deep into Soviet territory, beyond the front line. To counter the Abwehr in the USSR, a special body of military counterintelligence was created - SMERSH ("Death to Spies"). By order of Hitler, the Abwehr in February 1944 was attached to the SS and subordinated to Himmler.
Australian Security Intelligence Organization (ASIO)
Performs mainly counterintelligence functions. Works closely with the intelligence services of Great Britain and the United States. The main efforts of the service are aimed at ensuring the interests of Australia in the Asia-Pacific region, against the PRC and - until recently - the Soviet Union.
Agent
A person involved in secret cooperation with special services in order to obtain information or solve other tasks in the area of intelligence and counterintelligence. As a rule, the agent himself has access to information of interest to intelligence or counterintelligence. In some cases, conditions may be created for him to receive classified materials. A special dossier is created for each agent of the special services, where the materials of his verification and operational use are concentrated. When working with an agent, special communication conditions are applied, which ensure its secrecy and reliability. In the lexicon of the special services of England and the United States, there are special terms that characterize the specific activities of agents: “agent-informant”, “double agent”, “agent of influence”, “illegal agent”, “chief agent”, “potential agent”, etc. In the United States, the term "agent" is used in relation to employees of the secret service (security) or the police.
Agent of influence
A person who is used by intelligence to covertly influence the foreign and domestic policies of a foreign state. Typically, such an agent is associated with the political or economic circles of the country concerned, with its media or influential public organizations. These agents are carefully guarded by intelligence.
Agent in place (Agent - in - Place)
An agent recruited by intelligence, usually from among the so-called "initiators", who agrees to carry out intelligence missions without leaving his place of work. In SIS such agents were, for example, Penkovsky and Sintsov.
Illegal agent (illegal agent) An intelligence agent who is illegally thrown into the country of the enemy and operates in it under fictitious documents, or is generally in an illegal position. In the 1940s and 1950s, the Intelligence Service and the CIA sent illegal agents into the Soviet Union as part of reconnaissance and sabotage groups of 2-3-4 people each (see. "Redsox"). The functions of an illegal immigrant agent were performed, for example, by Sydney Reilly.
Communication agent
An intelligence agent whose main task is to maintain contact with another agent, for example, these were Greville Wynne and Penkovsky.
United States National Security Agency (NSA) An analogue of GCC-HQ is the decryption service and the electronic intelligence agency of Great Britain.
Close interaction and exchange of information has been established between both services.
Agent network
A group of agents operating in a foreign country and directed by the intelligence residency through intelligence agents or chief agents. In some cases, agents can be decrypted in front of each other, but more often they act independently and do not know each other.
undercover message
Material transmitted by an agent to intelligence. Performed by the agent personally by hand, on a typewriter, or using other techniques. For the purposes of secrecy, the agent usually signs his message with a pseudonym assigned to him by intelligence, or does not sign at all.
Agent and operational work
The activities of intelligence and counterintelligence using agents and operational and technical means, aimed at solving the problems that these special services face.
"Active events"
In the lexicon of the Western intelligence services - special propaganda actions of the Soviet intelligence. In the Intelligence Service, the analogue is covert political propaganda activities, to a certain extent, actions of psychological warfare.
Alekseev Mikhail Vasilievich
Russian general. An active participant in the First World War on the Russian-German front. After the October Revolution, he headed the Volunteer Army. Killed in 1918.
"Altre"
The conditional name of the operation of the decryption service of Great Britain, which managed to decipher the German Enigma code using electronic computers and read many secret messages of Nazi Germany. The operation was carried out in cooperation with the Intelligence Service. At the same time, SIS Director General Menzies was able to ensure that the decrypted materials first came to him, and only he reported them to the country's leadership.
Amin Go
After Uganda gained independence, Amin declared himself president for life of Uganda, field marshal and commander in chief of the country's armed forces. He flirted with Great Britain (whose colony Uganda was before independence) and with Israel. He surrounded himself with numerous advisers from Great Britain, which used links with Uganda to support the racist regimes in the Republic of South Africa and Southern Rhodesia. In the 80s he lost power.
Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AINC) This is the current British Petroleum. In the 1930s and 1940s, it was, in essence, the absolute master in Iran, ensuring the interests of Great Britain both in Iran itself and in the region of the Near and Middle East. An attempt by Iranian nationalist statesmen led by Mossadegh to reduce the dominance of this oil company aroused furious resistance from British imperialist circles. Together, the Intelligence Service and the Central Intelligence Agency eliminated Mossadegh, and the United States gradually took over Iran, ousting the British from there.
Andersen Ole Stig
The head of the Danish security service PET, who worked closely with the Intelligence Service in the 70s. An active participant in the operations of the SIS residency in Copenhagen against Soviet institutions and citizens.
Andre John
Major in the British Army. During the American Revolution, Andre served on the staff of the commander of the revolutionary forces in the New York area, General Henry Clinton. Served as a liaison between the British and Major General Benedict Arnold. He was exposed as a British spy and hanged in 1780. The British attempt to free Andre from captivity ended in failure. In 1821, the spy's remains were transported to England and reburied at Westminster Abbey in London as one of the country's national heroes.
Andropov Yury Vladimirovich
State and party leader of the Soviet Union. Chairman of the KGB of the USSR in 1967-1982. He was distinguished by his outstanding intelligence, decency and philanthropy. Was an adherent of the motto F.E. Dzerzhinsky: "Only a person with a cold head, a warm heart and clean hands can be a Chekist." Andropov's leadership of the state security agencies of the Soviet Union is rightly considered the "golden age" of the KGB. For fifteen years of work in the State Security Committee, he did an exceptionally lot for its formation and strengthening in the system of state power of the country, for the development of professionalism and democratic principles in its activities. He directly supervised the work of the most important KGB units - intelligence and counterintelligence, which achieved significant operational results in the fight against intelligence and subversive activities of Western intelligence agencies against the Soviet Union.
Entente
Literally - "consent" (fr.). The military-political bloc of Great Britain, France and Tsarist Russia, created in 1907 to counter the coalition led by Germany. Under the leadership of Great Britain, the Entente organized an armed intervention of fourteen states against Soviet Russia. Disbanded after the First World War.
Antonov Vyacheslav
Member of the Russian Foreign Intelligence Service. He defected to the British in 1995 from Finland, where he worked as part of the Russian intelligence residency. Intelligence service agent.
ARKOS
All-Russian Cooperative Society (All Russia Cooperative Society, Ltd). Created in London in 1920 in order to develop trade relations between our country and Great Britain. It was attacked and defeated by the British counterintelligence and police, which was the reason for the rupture of diplomatic relations between Great Britain and the USSR.
Artemov Alexander Nikolaevich
One of the leaders of the People's Labor Union (NTS). Organization ideologue. During the Second World War, he worked closely with the authorities of Nazi Germany. After the end of the war, he entered the service of the special services of Great Britain and the United States.
Artuzov (Frauchi) Artur Khristianovich
Active participant in the October Revolution and the Civil War. Member of the Cheka-GPU-OGPU. Until the early 1930s, he was the head of the counterintelligence department of the GPU-OGPU. One of the developers of the plans "Trust" and "Syndicate", other counterintelligence operations of the Soviet special services. He held a responsible post in the NKVD of the USSR. He died as a result of illegal repressions.
"Mitrokhin Archive"
A new action of psychological warfare waged by Great Britain, its special services against the Soviet Union - Russia. The Intelligence Service instructed its mouthpiece, Professor Christopher Andrew, to process and give the appropriate form to the materials of the SIS on the activities of the KGB in Western Europe in the 60s and 70s, allegedly received from a defector - a former Soviet intelligence officer V. Mitrokhin. Since the autumn of 1999, a book called "The Mitrokhin Archive" has been advertised, and publications on this topic have appeared in the media. At the same time, a detective story in the spirit of James Bond was composed about how the materials buried by Mitrokhin in the ground on a personal plot in the Moscow region were secretly dug up by one of the employees of the SIS station in Moscow and delivered to London.
Asquith Raymond Benedict Barthol
Deputy head of the embassy residency of the Intelligence Service in Moscow in the mid-80s. In the 90s - a resident of the SIS in Kyiv.
Ajax
The code name of the SIS-CIA intelligence and subversive operation to overthrow the anti-Western government of Mosaddegh in Iran, which opposed the dominance of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in the country, and for a foreign policy independent of the West. In SIS, the code name for this operation is "Boot".
Baden-Powell Robert
English military spy. He finished his military career with the rank of major general. Creator of the mass children's and youth movement of boy scouts.
Bakatin Vadim Viktorovich
Soviet party and statesman. In 1988-1991 he was Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR. In August 1991, President of the USSR M. Gorbachev appointed Chairman of the KGB.
Balfour Arthur James
British Prime Minister. In 1904, he signed an agreement with France on the creation of the Entente - a military-political union, which Russia joined in 1907. A member of the Conservative Party, he was a government minister on several occasions.
Bankau Alexander
An employee of the political department of the Seventh Red Army, which defended Petrograd from the advancing North-Western Army of General Yudenich. An agent of British intelligence, he was part of a spy network led by Paul Dukes.
"Barbarossa"
The code name for Nazi Germany's plan of aggressive war against the Soviet Union. He provided for the lightning-fast, within 2-3 months, the defeat of the Soviet armed forces and the occupation of the European part of our country by German troops. Named after the nickname of the medieval German king Friedrich (Redbeard).
Butler Rab
English politician of the first half of the 20th century. Member of the Conservative Party, minister in the government of Stanley Baldwin. One of the prominent "Munichians" of Great Britain, was a member of the so-called Cliveden group.
Beck Ludwig
Colonel General of the German Army. Chief of the General Staff of the Ground Forces. One of the main participants in the anti-Hitler conspiracy. Committed suicide after a failed plot in 1944.
"White" propaganda
Propaganda and information activities carried out through the channels of government departments.
"Berlin Tunnel"
The name of the intelligence operation of the SIS-CIA, carried out in 1954-1956 in Berlin, the purpose of which was to secretly connect interception equipment to the underground telephone cables of the USSR in Berlin. To do this, a tunnel was built from the American sector of West Berlin to the eastern part of the city.
Berg Boris
Head of the aviation unit of the Red Army in the Petrograd region. An agent of British intelligence, he was a member of a spy group led by Paul Dukes.
Burgess Guy de Monsey
He worked on the instructions of Soviet intelligence in the British Foreign Office and in MI6. Member of the famous "Cambridge Five". Fearing arrest, he fled to the USSR with his friend McLean. He died in Moscow in 1963.
Berzin Eduard Petrovich
The commander of the unit of the Latvian riflemen who guarded the Kremlin after the government of the Soviet Republic moved from Petrograd to Moscow. One of the active participants in the defeat of the so-called "Lockhart conspiracy."
Beria Lavrenty Pavlovich (1899-1953)
Soviet statesman. Since 1921 in the state security bodies. People's Commissar (Minister) of Internal Affairs of the USSR. In December 1953, the Supreme Court of the USSR sentenced him to capital punishment for anti-state crimes.
Berlinguer Enrico
General Secretary of the Italian Communist Party in the 1970s and 1980s. Leader of the international communist movement.
Best S. Payne
Intelligence Service Scout, Capt. In the pre-war years and at the beginning of the Second World War, he acted under the cover of an English businessman in Holland. He was one of the organizers of the secret contact of the Intelligence Service with opposition circles in the German army. As a result of an intelligence combination organized by the Abwehr, he was captured by the Germans on Dutch territory and taken to Germany along with another English intelligence officer, Stevens. Both were interrogated by the Abwehr and the Gestapo and gave the Germans a significant amount of information about British intelligence. They were kept in one of the German concentration camps, from where they were released at the very end of the war.
Bishop Anthony
Second Secretary of the British Embassy in Moscow in the 60s. He was supposed to act as a liaison with Gerald Brook, an emissary of the People's Labor Union, who was instructed to carry out reconnaissance and subversive tasks in the Soviet Union.
Blanche Anthony Frederick
Member of the famous "Cambridge Five". During World War II, he served on assignment for Soviet intelligence in MI5. Died in 1983.
Blake George
Brave Soviet spy. Worked for the Intelligence Service. Sentenced to forty-two years in prison, with the help of one of the Irish prisoners, he made the legendary escape from London's Wormwood Scrabs prison in 1966. Currently lives and works in Moscow.
"Brilliant Isolation"
This is how statesmen and politicians of the world called the foreign policy of Great Britain in the second half of the 19th century. Refusal to participate in international political and military alliances provided its ruling circles with a free hand in actions on the world stage.
Bloch Jonathan
BND (Bundesnachrichten Dienst) – BND)
German Intelligence Service. It was created in 1956 and was initially headed by General Reinhard Gehlen, one of the senior officers of the Abwehr. Closely associated with the CIA. During the Cold War, the main efforts of the BND were directed against the Soviet Union. Some recruited agents from among Soviet citizens were handed over by the Germans to American intelligence, which sought to organize work with them on the territory of the USSR.
Boyce Ernest
An employee of the British intelligence service MI-1s. He was the head of the British intelligence station in Petrograd and Moscow, and then a resident of MI-1s in Helsinki.
Baldwin Stanley
Repeatedly served as prime minister of the conservative government of Great Britain in the 20-30s. The Baldwin government was the organizer of a number of anti-Soviet actions in Great Britain, and in 1927 broke off diplomatic relations with the USSR.
Bomelius
A medieval astrologer who lived in England. He was sent by the British secret service to the Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible in order to persuade Russia to closer relations with England. One of the instruments of influence on the king was to be a skillfully compiled horoscope.
Boxer Rebellion
Anti-imperialist popular uprising in North China in 1899-1901. (Also known as the Yihetuan uprising, by the name of the secret society "Ihetuan" - "Squads of justice and harmony"). Brutally suppressed by the troops of Germany, Japan, USA, England, France, Tsarist Russia and Austria-Hungary; China has actually become a semi-colony.
Bondarev Georgy Vladimirovich
Leading officer of the Second Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR. Head of the English department in the 60s.
Browning Robert Francis
Employee of the Intelligence Service. In the 1970s he was First Secretary of the Political Section of the British Embassy in Copenhagen.
Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich (1906-1982)
Soviet state and party leader. Member of the Great Patriotic War. General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1964-1982. He paid great attention to the activities of state security agencies as a tool for strengthening the country's national security system.
Brennan Peter
Second Secretary of the Political Department of the British Embassy in Moscow in the first half of the 70s. Head of the SIS embassy residency.
Bridge Richard Philip
Employee of the Intelligence Service. In the late 80s he was the head of the Moscow residency.
"Broadway"
The code name for the intelligence operation to illegally send agents to Poland after the Second World War.
Broadway Buildings
The complex of buildings in central London (in the area of St. James's Park), which housed the Intelligence Service in 1924-1966. In SIS jargon, Broadway became synonymous with intelligence, the location of its headquarters.
Brooke Gerald
Englishman, teacher of Russian in one of the educational institutions of Great Britain. Frequent visitor to the Soviet Union. Fulfilled the instructions of the People's Labor Union. In all likelihood, was associated with the Intelligence Service, and possibly with the CIA.
Brooks Stewart Armitage
Scout Intelligence Service. Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Twice he worked as part of the Moscow SIS residency (in the late 70s and in the first half of the 90s).
Buikis Yan Yanovich
An employee of the Cheka, an active participant in the counterintelligence operation of the Cheka to eliminate the "Lockhart conspiracy."
Bulganin Nikolai Alexandrovich (1895-1975) Soviet statesman. Member of the Great Patriotic War. In 1956, together with N.S. Khrushchev paid a government visit to Great Britain. MI5 and SIS organized a thorough monitoring of this visit, bugged the rooms of the hotel where the Soviet leaders stayed.
Bykov Alexander Nikolaevich
Professor at the Petrograd Technological Institute. Member of the anti-Soviet underground organization in Petrograd in 1919. According to the plan of the organization, supported by the Intelligence Service, he was supposed to head the new government of Russia.
Buchanan George
Ambassador of Great Britain to Tsarist Russia and under the Provisional Government of Kerensky in 1910-1918. He was recalled from Petrograd after the intervention of the Entente.
Bulik Joseph
Responsible officer of the Central Intelligence Agency, led the American part of the joint SIS-CIA team on the case of the spy Penkovsky, who held meetings with the agent in London and Paris.
Bagshaw Kerry Charles
Employee of the Intelligence Service, Commander of the Order of the British Empire. In the late 80s, he was part of the SIS Moscow residency.
Vansittart Robert
Deputy Foreign Secretary of Great Britain in the late 30s. Member of the Conservative Party. British Munich.
Great and invincible armada
The Spanish Navy, created in 1586 to assert the power of the Spanish monarchy and to conquer England. In 1588, he was defeated by the British and suffered huge losses as a result of a storm that broke out in the English Channel.
Wellington Arthur Wellesley
English field marshal. Considered a national hero of Great Britain, as the winner of Napoleon Bonaparte in Spain and at the Battle of Waterloo. He held ministerial positions in the government of the country.
Venona
The code name of the operation carried out by the US National Security Agency (with the participation of British specialists) to uncover the ciphers used in the 40s by Soviet intelligence.
"Versailles"
The generalized name of the military-political system established in the world as a result of the victory of the Entente over the German coalition. The name arose from the name of the suburb of Paris - Versailles, where in 1919 a peace treaty was signed with the defeated Germany after the end of the First World War. Germany returned Alsace-Lorraine to France, Eupen and Malmedy to Belgium, Poznan and other lands to Poland, and part of Silesia to Czechoslovakia. Germany was deprived of a number of its territories, which came under the control of the League of Nations or whose fate was to be decided through a plebiscite. Germany lost all colonial possessions. Huge reparations were imposed on her. Significant restrictions were placed on the armed forces of the country.
Wilson Harold
British statesman and politician. The leader of the Labor Party (associated with the center and the left) and twice the prime minister of the country in the 60s and 70s. He was accused of physically eliminating his predecessor as party leader and of secretly collaborating with the Soviet Union.
Wilson Horace (Horace)
Chief political adviser to British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, was considered his "gray eminence". An ardent hater of the Soviet Union and a "Munichian".
Wynn Greville
English businessman. MI5 agent, and then Intelligence Service. Maintained a secret relationship with the SIS-CIA agent Penkovsky. (See also bibliography.)
Witzleben Erwin
Field Marshal General of the Nazi Army. One of the leaders of the anti-Hitler conspiracy. Executed in 1944.
Voikov Petr Lazarevich
Leader of the revolutionary movement in Russia. Plenipotentiary of the USSR in Poland. Killed in 1927 by White Guards associated with foreign intelligence services.
Volkov Konstantin
An employee of the NKVD under the guise of a consular worker at the Consulate General of the USSR in Istanbul. In connection with the intentions to betray the Motherland and enter into espionage cooperation with British intelligence, he was secretly taken out of Turkey to the Soviet Union and put on trial.
Volkov Fedor Dmitrievich
Soviet researcher of modern history.
Volodarsky V.(Moses Markovich Goldstein) A leader of the revolutionary movement in Russia and an active participant in the Great October Socialist Revolution. People's Commissar for Press, Propaganda and Agitation in the first Soviet government. Killed by a Socialist-Revolutionary in 1918.
Volfson Nadezhda Vladimirovna
Paul Dukes' top agent in Petrograd. She is Maria Ivanovna. The main assistant to the English intelligence officer in the management of the MI-1s agent network.
Wrangel Petr Nikolaevich
Lieutenant General of the Imperial Army. Active participant in the Civil War in Russia. He served in the Volunteer Army of Denikin, and in 1920 he headed the White Guard armed forces in the Crimea. After emigration - the organizer of the Russian All-Military Union (ROVS).
VChK (ChK)
The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for Combating Counter-Revolution and Sabotage was established in December 1917 as a special body of the victorious Great October Socialist Revolution to suppress counter-revolutionary actions, sabotage and sabotage, as well as to counter foreign espionage. In accordance with the Regulations on the Cheka, territorial bodies of the Cheka were also formed. In 1922 it was transformed into the GPU - the State Political Administration. F.E. was instructed to head the Cheka. Dzerzhinsky.
Halifax Edward Frederick Wood
Foreign Secretary in the Conservative government of Neville Chamberlain. Ardent "Munich".
Halder Franz
Colonel General of the Nazi Army. One of the developers of the Barbarossa plan.
Hamilton Emma
The wife of the English ambassador to the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. An intimate friend of Admiral Horatio Nelson. Fulfilled orders for the British secret service in Italy.
Garvin Dyson
Editor of Lord Rothermere's popular newspapers in England, The Times and The Observer. British "Munichian" from the Cliveden group.
Garston J.
Employee of the mission of British political agent in Russia Lockhart (1918). One of the participants in the Lockhart conspiracy.
Goebbels Joseph
Adolf Hitler's Minister of Propaganda. One of the main bosses of the Third Reich. He committed suicide at the very end of the war, having previously killed his young children together with his wife.
Gaitskell Hugh Todd Neidor
Leader of the Labor Party, belonged to the right wing of the party. He held ministerial posts in the Labor government. Died from a serious illness.
Helldorf Wolf Heinrich Count von
Prefect of the Berlin Police. Member of the anti-Hitler opposition since the pre-war period.
Henderson Neville
British ambassador in Berlin during the Munich era. A supporter of cooperation with Nazi Germany and concessions to the Nazis in order to organize a united front against the Soviet Union.
Director General of SIS
Leaders of the Intelligence Service (MI-1s and SIS) in 1909-1999:
Mansfield Cumming 1909-1923 Hugh Sinclair 1923-1939
Stuart Menzies 1939-1952
John Sinclair 1953-1956
Dick White 1956-1968
John Rennie 1968-1973
Maurice Oldfield 1973-1978
Arthur Franks 1979-1982
Colin Figers 1982-1985
Christopher Kerue 1985-1989
Colin McCall 1989-1994
David Spelling since 1994
George III (1738-1820)
English king from the Hanoverian dynasty. During his reign, Great Britain waged wars with Napoleonic France, the further formation of the British Empire took place, and the American Revolution ended with the victory of the rebellious colonies. The king died in 1820 mentally ill.
Gestapo
Secret State Police of Nazi Germany. Performed the functions of counterintelligence. It was one of the main divisions in the Reich State Security Administration (VI Department of the RSHA).
Gibson Harold
Scout Intelligence Service. He was in Moscow in the 1930s under diplomatic cover at the British Embassy.
Chief Agent
The leader of a group of agents closing on him. Group agent. In turn, he maintains contact with his supervisor, an intelligence officer. In the Intelligence Service, Nadezhda Volfson and Georgy Chaplin are examples. The SIS practices the use of prime agents in countries with less stringent counterintelligence regimes.
Godfrey John
British naval intelligence chief in the 1940s.
Golitsyn Anatoly Mikhailovich
Former Soviet intelligence officer. In 1960, while working at the Soviet Embassy in Helsinki, he defected to the Americans. Became one of the CIA consultants. The Intelligence Service and MI-5 were repeatedly used.
Gaulle Charles de
French statesman, general. During World War II, he was the leader of the French Resistance movement. A sharp opponent of the growing influence of Great Britain in Europe.
Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeevich (b. 1931) Soviet state and party leader. The first and last President of the USSR.
Gordievsky Oleg Antonovich
SIS agent. Recruited by the Intelligence Service in Copenhagen in 1974 with the assistance of the Danish security service.
State political administration under the NKVD of the RSFSR. Created in 1922 on the basis of the bodies of the Cheka. Transformed into OGPU (United State Political Administration) in 1923, after the formation of the USSR.
"Schedule"
The term of intelligence and counterintelligence, denoting the schedule of contacts with agents - personal meetings, laying and withdrawing caches, radio broadcasts. It is handed over to the agent, who, observing secrecy measures, keeps it in a special camouflage or in some secret place. One of the most serious evidence of links with intelligence ..
grenard
Consul General of France in Soviet Russia in 1918. Member of the Lockhart conspiracy.
Gribanov Oleg Mikhailovich
Head of the Second Main Directorate of the USSR Ministry of State Security - counterintelligence in the first half of the 60s.
Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the USSR-Russia. One of the main objects of the Intelligence Service.
Russian orbit group
A section of the London division of the SIS, which was engaged in the development of Soviet institutions and citizens in the UK.
Hoover Edgar John
Head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (formally part of the US Department of Justice) from 1924-1972. One of the most powerful figures in the United States, who created an effective punitive system aimed at identifying and suppressing forces in opposition to the regime and at fighting criminality. Successfully repelled the attempts of many American presidents (John F. Kennedy, Robert Nixon and others) to remove him from the post of director of the FBI.
Dulles Allen
Director of the CIA in 1953-1961. He was forced to resign after the failure of the invasion of Cuban counter-revolutionaries organized by American intelligence into Cuba.
Davenport Michael Hayward
SIS officer, was in Moscow in the mid-90s as part of the British Embassy.
Disinformation
Operative or propaganda measures to mislead the enemy by disseminating fabricated materials through intelligence sources and the media.
Delmer Seften
An Intelligence Service employee at the Arab News Agency in Cairo in the 1950s.
Denikin Anton Ivanovich
Lieutenant General of the tsarist army, one of the organizers of military operations against the Soviet Republic in the Civil War. He commanded the Volunteer Army, and then the armed forces of southern Russia.
Dunsterville Leonel Charles
Commander of the British occupation forces in Turkmenistan during the armed intervention of the Entente.
Department
Structural subdivision of the Secret Intelligence Service, organized according to the functional principle.
Department of Foreign Policy Information A division of the British Foreign Office, acted in close contact with the SIS in conducting psychological warfare actions. Created on the basis of the Information and Research Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Deryabin Petr Sergeevich
Former foreign intelligence officer of the KGB of the USSR, defected to the Americans in 1954 in Vienna. CIA agent. It was used in the actions of psychological warfare against the Soviet Union. Died in 1992. (See also bibliography.)
Defoe Daniel (1660-1731)
Famous English writer, creator of the realistic trend in fiction. Less well known as a member of the British Secret Service.
Jardim Maxwell
English spy, employee of the British Ministry of Defense. In the 1990s, he acted in Russia as the head of special training courses created on the initiative of British intelligence for officers of the Russian armed forces.
Gibbs (Gibbs) Andrew Patrick Somerset
Employee of the Intelligence Service. In the mid-80s, he was a SIS resident in Moscow. Commander of the Order of the British Empire.
GCC-HQ (GCHQ)
UK decryption service. Also engaged in electronic intelligence. Translated from English - Headquarters of Government Communications. The headquarters of the department is located in Cheltenham.
Dzerzhinsky Felix Edmundovich (1877-1926) Organizer and Chairman of the Cheka. Since 1922 - Chairman of the GPU-OGPU. He died in 1926 from a heart attack.
Domville Barry
Former head of British naval intelligence, "Munich".
"House of Ceausescu"
The new SIS building in London built in 1993 on the south bank of the River Thames.
Donovan William
American lawyer, close friend of President Franklin Roosevelt. During the Second World War, he was the founder and head of the Office of Strategic Services, the predecessor of the CIA. Died in 1959.
"Dropshot"
The code name for the plan of attack on the Soviet Union prepared by the United States and Great Britain. Initially, the plan set the date for the start of the war with the USSR for January 1960. This deadline has been extended several times since then. For the atomic defeat of the Soviet Union, it was supposed to use strategic aviation with sets of atomic (over 500) and conventional bombs, and then put into action the navy and NATO ground forces - up to 250 divisions. In total, 20 million NATO troops were to participate in the attack on the USSR. It was planned, after the destruction of the military and industrial potential of the Soviet Union, to occupy its territory and suppress resistance to the forces of the North Atlantic Alliance by military-police methods.
Dutov Alexander Ilyich
Lieutenant General of the Imperial Army. One of the organizers of armed uprisings against the Soviet Republic during the Civil War. After the defeat of Kolchak, in whose army he acted, he fled to China, where he was killed in 1921.
Dukes Paul
Personnel intelligence officer MI-1s. Directed the activities of the spy group Intelligence Service in Petrograd in 1919. He fled from Soviet Russia after the failure of the intelligence network he headed and the defeat of Yudenich's troops.
Elizabeth I (1533-1603)
English queen from the Tudor dynasty. Daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. During the reign of Elizabeth I, the institution of the monarchy was significantly strengthened, the colonization of Ireland began, the Spanish navy was defeated, and the secret service was strengthened.
Erofeev (Ville de Valli)
An employee of the political department of the Seventh Red Army, which defended Petrograd from Yudenich's troops in 1919. The son of the chief agent of the Intelligence Service Wolfson N.V. Subsequently, he was involved in espionage cooperation with British intelligence.
Zhordania Noy Nikolaevich (1869-1953)
Leader of the Georgian Mensheviks. Chairman of the Menshevik government of Georgia in 1918. In exile since 1921. He closely cooperated with Germany, and during his emigration - with Great Britain, supplied the Intelligence service with "cadres" for reconnaissance and sabotage work against Soviet Russia - the USSR.
Dropping agents
Operational reconnaissance measures to illegally send agents to the enemy's country through various channels - across the land border, by sea, by parachuting from aircraft. The agents were supplied with fictitious documents made in intelligence, means of communication, and appropriate equipment.
Intelligence and Security Act
The current Act of Parliament, adopted in 1994 and defining the legal status and functions of the UK intelligence services - the Secret Intelligence Service, MI-5 and the GCC decryption service. In accordance with the 1994 Act, the main function of the above-mentioned intelligence agencies is to control persons who are abroad and commit acts that threaten the national security of the UK, especially in the field of defense and foreign policy. Under the same Act, a Parliamentary Committee on Intelligence and Security was formed to oversee the spending, administration, and policies of MI5, MI6, and GCC.
"Penkovsky's Notes"
A book produced by the Central Intelligence Agency and the Intelligence Service, the authorship of which was attributed to the SIS-CIA agent Oleg Penkovsky. In fact, it was compiled on the basis of tape recordings of meetings of British and American intelligence officers with Penkovsky in London and Paris, reports of a spy and some documents transferred by him to the SIS and the CIA.
"Gold"
Code name for the SIS-CIA intelligence operation in Berlin to intercept and eavesdrop on Soviet underground telephone communications. Cm. "Berlin Tunnel".
Eden Anthony
British statesman, Conservative. Repeatedly held ministerial posts in the government. From 1955 to 1957 he was prime minister. Died in 1977.
"Ikarus"
The code name of the plan of the military operation to capture Iceland that was being prepared by Nazi Germany.
"Initiative"
Accepted in the terminology of the special services of the USSR and Russia, the name of a person offering espionage services to foreign intelligence. In the United Kingdom and the United States, other terms are used to refer to such persons: defector (Defector), volunteer (Volanteer), visitor (Caller) (if we are talking about some person who entered a foreign mission for this purpose).
Foreign department
One of the names of the secret service of England under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, engaged in the interception and processing of foreign diplomatic mail (XVIII-XIX centuries).
Communication instruction
An intelligence document for an agent detailing the conditions and methods of communication - personal meetings, covert operations, radio sessions, etc., indicating the dates, times and places of their conduct, as well as the methods of Signaling in each of these operations, if they prove necessary .
Intelligence service
One of the most common names for British intelligence. Cm. SIS.
Internet
An international information network that can contain information on a variety of topics. It operates in most countries of the world on a subscription basis using home and office computers.
Information
A term meaning information of interest and obtained by intelligence through various channels. Hence the "informant" - a person who supplies intelligence information, that is, a source of intelligence, an agent.
Information Research Department A division within the British Foreign Office in the 1950s and 1970s, engaged in psychological warfare in cooperation with the SIS, spreading "black" and "gray" propaganda. In 1977 it was transformed into the Department of Foreign Policy Information.
Yoga
Ionov Nikolai Grigorievich
An employee of the English department of the Second Main Directorate of the USSR Ministry of State Security, a participant in the development and exposure of the spy Penkovsky.
Source
In the lexicon of the special services, a person or means that supplies information to intelligence or counterintelligence. In SIS and CIA - Source, Asset.
"Bug"
A slang term for a listening device.
Cadogan Alexander
British Deputy Foreign Secretary, Conservative. Salon regular Nancy Astor. One of the active British "Munich".
Kaledin Alexander Maksimovich
Cossack general, leader of the counter-revolution on the Don during the Civil War. Committed suicide after the failure of the uprising.
Cumming (Smith-Cumming) Mansfield The first head of the Intelligence Service is MI-1s. Captain of the 1st rank of the Navy. Died in 1923.
Channels for infiltrating agents
Ways and means of sending agents to the enemy. Illegal channels of agent penetration are known (through the land border, by sea, by dropping from an airplane with a parachute), as well as legal ways of sending agents to enemy countries, for example, under the cover of businessmen, journalists, tourists, etc.
Canaris Wilhelm Friedrich
Admiral. Veteran German espionage. In 1933-1944 he was the head of the German military intelligence, the Abwehr. Executed in 1944 for participating in the anti-Hitler conspiracy.
"Cambridge Five"
A kind of collective pseudonym for British Soviet intelligence officers who operated in Great Britain in the 1930s and 1950s as part of various government departments. All five: Kim Philby, Donald McLean, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt, John Cairncross are pupils of the oldest Cambridge University in the country. Hence the name, the Cambridge Five.
Kenyatta Jomo
The first president of the Republic of Kenya, which achieved independence from Great Britain in 1963. Died in 1978. .
Kerensky Alexander Fedorovich
Prime Minister of the Provisional Government of Russia in 1917. According to some reports, British intelligence was involved in his illegal departure from Russia. Lived in exile in the USA. Died in 1970.
Curzon George Nathaniel
British Conservative Foreign Secretary 1919-1924. An ardent opponent of Soviet Russia and the USSR. Such concepts as: “Curzon ultimatum”, “Curzon line” (recommended by the Entente as the eastern border of Poland) are associated with his name.
Kerue Christopher
Director General of the SIS in 1985-1989.
King Tom
Former Secretary of Defense in the Conservative government of John Major. Chairman of the Parliamentary Intelligence and Security Committee established by the 1994 Act.
Kiselev Alexey Nikitovich
An employee of the English department of the Second Main Directorate of the KGB of the USSR in the 60s. An active participant in the development of the Anglo-American spy Penkovsky.
Abbreviation for the name of the USSR State Security Committee. It was formed in 1954 and ceased to exist due to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. The structure of the KGB included the First Main Directorate (intelligence), the Second Main Directorate (counterintelligence), the Third Main Directorate (military counterintelligence), the Main Directorate of Border Troops, the Main Directorate of Security (the name changed), the security departments at important industrial facilities, transport and in communications systems, a number of other divisions.
Cliveden Group
A political grouping of supporters of cooperation with Nazi Germany, which aimed to direct the aggression of the Germans against the Soviet Union. Sometimes referred to as the Cliveden Cabal, the "fifth column" in Britain.
Clinton Bill (William)
President of the United States. A member of the Democratic Party, an adherent of the concept of a unipolar world in which the United States should play a leading role. The organizer of NATO's aggressive actions against Iraq and Yugoslavia.
Encryption is a method in cryptography for encrypting messages transmitted in the communication system of intelligence and other government departments. The code provides for the replacement of whole words or phrases with alphabetic or numeric designations, while in the cipher each letter, digit or sign is replaced with such designations. Codes and ciphers are developed by special government departments that are responsible for their protection. In the UK, this agency is currently GCC.
Kolchak Alexander Vasilievich
Admiral of the Imperial Navy. One of the main organizers of the Civil War against the Soviet Republic, carried out with the active support of the Entente interventionists. Shot in Irkutsk in 1920 after the defeat of the Kolchak troops by the Red Army.
Intelligence and Security Committee
Formed by Parliament under the 1994 Act. Oversees MI5, MI6 and GCC in the areas of "expenditure, administration and policy".
Conspiracy
One of the fundamental requirements of the intelligence services is to keep secret their operational activities, the names of employees and especially the identity of agents.
Conspiracy meeting
A term meaning personal contact of an intelligence or counterintelligence officer with an agent, which must take place in conditions of special secrecy.
Controller
In the Intelligence Service, an intelligence operative who works with an agent (Controller).
"Conflict"
The code name for an intelligence operation conducted in the 1950s by the Intelligence Service in Vienna and aimed at eavesdropping on one of the USSR cable telephone lines in Austria.
Kordt Erich
German diplomat in Switzerland, through whom the Intelligence Service maintained contact with military circles opposed to the Nazi regime in Germany during World War II.
Copeland Miles
Responsible officer of the CIA. In the 1950s and 1960s he worked as a writer.
Krasnov Petr Nikolaevich
Lieutenant General of the Imperial Army. One of the active organizers of counter-revolutionary actions after the Great October Socialist Revolution. From 1919 he lived in Germany. He worked closely with Nazi Germany during the Great Patriotic War. Executed by the verdict of the Soviet court.
Cromwell Oliver (1599-1658)
Figure of the English bourgeois revolution of the XVII century. Ruthlessly suppressed the liberation movement in Scotland and Ireland. He paid special attention to strengthening the secret service.
Cromie Francis
British Naval Attaché in Petrograd. He was killed in a skirmish with a detachment of the Cheka in 1918, opening fire on the Chekists who came to the embassy.
"Mole"
In the jargon of the special services, this is an intelligence agent embedded in a foreign government agency. Most often used in the sense: "an agent who penetrated the intelligence or counterintelligence of the enemy."
Crozier Brian
A trusted contact (or agent) of the Intelligence Service in The Times newspaper, used by the SIS in psychological warfare actions.
"Roof"
In the jargon of the special services - a cover for an intelligence officer or intelligence station. For example; diplomatic or journalistic.
Crabbe Lionel
One of the best scuba diving specialists in the English Navy. He worked under a contract with the Intelligence Service in the 50s, carrying out reconnaissance assignments for the SIS regarding Soviet ships. He died (probably died of a heart attack) in 1956 in Portsmouth.
Cook Robin
Foreign Minister in the Labor government of Anthony Blair.
Kuratsev Gennady
An employee of one of the units of the KGB of the USSR in the 70-80s.
Cairncross John
One of the members of the famous "Cambridge Five".
Kurts Ilya Romanovich
Lavergne
Head of the French military mission in Soviet Russia in 1917-1918. One of the active participants in the Lockhart conspiracy.
Ladygin Fedor Ivanovich
Colonel General, former head of the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces in 1992-1999.
Lampsen Michael
British Ambassador to Beijing in the 1920s. The initiator of a provocative attack on the Soviet representative office in Beijing in 1927.
Langovoy A.A.
Employee of the counterintelligence department of the GPU-OGPU. One of the participants in the counterintelligence operations "Trust" and "Syndicate".
Lann Peter
Leading employee of the Intelligence Service in the 50s and 60s. SIS Resident in Vienna, West Berlin and Beirut.
"Swallow" ("Swallow")
The term used by the intelligence services of a number of countries to refer to a female agent who participates in the development of an object to create a compromising situation - the so-called "love trap" (Love Trap).
"Swan" ("Swan")
A term used by some intelligence agencies to refer to a male agent who is involved in the development of a female object.
"Legal Travelers" Code designation for the intelligence program of the SIS and the CIA to send agents to the Soviet Union under the guise of tourists. It was carried out in the 50s and 60s.
Legend
Fictional biography or parts of it (often associated with a name change) used by intelligence agencies to encrypt their agents or employees performing operational tasks abroad or in their own country. Fictitious documents are made to support the legend or other people are involved to support it.
Le Carré John
The pseudonym of the modern English writer David Cornwell, the author of popular novels on the themes of espionage. In the past, he was an employee of MI5.
Lenin (Ulyanov) Vladimir Ilyich (1870-1924) A major political figure of the 20th century. Organizer and leader of the Great October Socialist Revolution in Russia in 1917. Founder and first head of the Soviet state. On his initiative, the state security bodies of Soviet Russia were created - the Cheka-GPU-OGPU.
"Siegfried Line"
The system of defensive structures in Germany on the border with France. Built in 1936-1940. Named after the hero of ancient German legends.
"Maginot Line"
Fortification defenses in Alsace-Lorraine, on the Franco-German border. Built in the 20s and 30s. Named after the then Minister of War of France A. Maginot.
Lindley Francis
Deputy to Lockhart, Head of the British Political Mission to Soviet Russia in 1918.
"Liotey" ("Lyote")
The code name for the SIS's plan of disinformation measures to deepen disagreements between the USSR and the PRC. Named after the medieval French marshal, who used the method of misinformation and deception of the enemy before decisive battles.
Littlejohn, Kenneth and Kate
Irish brothers, agents of the Intelligence Service. Committed a number of criminal offenses in Ireland.
Lloyd George David
British politician. In the first quarter of the 20th century, he held a number of ministerial posts. Prime Minister of the country in 1916-1922. One of the organizers of the military intervention of the Entente against the Soviet Republic. Died in 1945.
Locker Lampson
British Deputy Foreign Secretary. One of the ardent haters of Soviet Russia, the organizer of a number of anti-Soviet provocations in the 20s.
Lockhart Robert Hamilton Bruce
English diplomat. In 1918, head of the British mission in Soviet Russia. The organizer of a spy conspiracy in the Soviet Republic, maintained secret contacts with counter-revolutionary circles. Expelled from Soviet Russia. He continued to work at the British Foreign Office, developing political actions against the USSR. Actively engaged in writing. Died in 1970.
Lonsdale
Cm. Young Konon.
"Lord"
The code name for the intelligence operation of the SIS residency in Vienna (Austria).
Lawrence Thomas Edward
English spy during the First World War. Conducted active reconnaissance and subversive activities against Ottoman Turkey. Received the nickname Arabian. He died in 1935 in a road accident.
Lyubimov Mikhail Petrovich
Former Soviet intelligence officer. Engaged in writing and journalism.
Langley
The common name for the headquarters of the US Central Intelligence Agency, named after the complex of CIA buildings located in the suburbs of Washington - Langley.
Lundekvist Vladimir Elmarovich
Former colonel in the tsarist army. Chief of Staff of the Seventh Red Army, which defended Petrograd from Yudenich's troops in 1919. Agent of the Intelligence Service as part of Paul Dukes' spy network.
Lyalin Oleg Adolfovich
KGB residency officer in London in the late 60s. He was recruited by British counterintelligence using compromising materials - an intimate relationship with a female counterintelligence agent. Under fear of being exposed as a British intelligence agent, he asked for political asylum in England. Died in the 80s.
Mugerridge Malcolm
English writer. During World War II he served in the Intelligence Service.
Makarov Viktor
Intelligence service agent. Former member of the KGB of the USSR. Convicted in 1987 for espionage. He was amnestied and moved to live in England.
Machiavelli Niccolo (1469-1527)
Italian political thinker and writer. Supporter of strong state power. For the sake of strengthening the state, he considered any means acceptable. By right can be considered the ideologist of the British secret service.
McCarthy Joseph Raymond
U.S. Senator, Chairman of the Senate Subcommittee on Investigations. In the 1950s, a stormy campaign was launched in the United States to persecute leaders of progressive forces, trade unions, and dissident intellectuals. McCarthyism has taken deep roots in the intelligence services of the United States and has penetrated the intelligence and counterintelligence of Great Britain.
McCall Colin
Director General of the SIS in 1989-1994. The first Mr. C in the Intelligence Service, whose name was no longer forbidden to be disclosed.
McCone John
Director of the US Central Intelligence Agency 1961-1965.
McLachlan Donald See bibliography.
McLean Donald
One of the Soviet intelligence officers in the famous "Cambridge Five". For a long time he worked in the British Foreign Office. Escaped MI5 arrest in an escape organized by Soviet intelligence on information from Kim Philby. He died in 1983 in Moscow.
McNaught Eustace
Responsible employee of the Intelligence Service. Worked in many SIS residencies.
Maxwin Norman James
Head of the SIS residency in Moscow in 1994-1998.
Malleson Wilfred
English general, in 1918 commander of the occupying forces in Transcaucasia.
Marlborough John Churchill (1650-1722) English commander and statesman, duke.
Marlo Christopher (1564-1593)
English playwright. Contemporary and alleged co-author of a number of Shakespearean works.
mau mau
The contemptuous name of the rebels of Kenya, who waged an armed struggle against the British colonialists in the 40-50s.
International Union of Students
An international student organization formed at the World Student Congress in Prague in 1948. It was subjected to strong pressure from the West, which inspired the withdrawal of a number of youth organizations from it.
Major John
Modern politician and statesman of Great Britain, conservative.
Menzhinsky Vyacheslav Rudolfovich (1874-1934) Since 1919 - in the bodies of the Cheka. Chairman of the OGPU in 1926-1934. During his leadership of the country's counterintelligence, a number of brilliant operations were carried out against anti-Soviet emigre organizations and foreign intelligence services.
Menzies Stewart
General Director of the SIS in 1939-1952.
Milosevic Slobodan
President of Yugoslavia. Under him there was a further disintegration of the country under pressure from the West. In 1999, Yugoslavia was subjected to unprovoked NATO aggression, in which the armed forces of the United States and Great Britain played the main role.
MI-1s
The name of the British Intelligence Service from its founding in 1909 to the 1930s.
Name of the British counterintelligence service
The name of the British intelligence service since the 30s.
Mr. C
So, for the purpose of conspiracy, the director general of the SIS was called.
Mitchell Graham
Deputy General Director of MI5 in the 50s and 60s. According to information from the United States, he was taken into development on suspicion of having links with Soviet intelligence. Ultimately, he was declared by MI5 to be a Soviet intelligence agent. He was forced to resign, but no evidence of his espionage connection with the USSR was presented.
Young Konon Trofimovich
An illegal Soviet spy who worked in the UK with a group of agents under the name of Gordon Lonsdale. In 1960 he was arrested and sentenced by a court to twenty-five years in prison. In 1965, he was exchanged for Greville Wynn, an Intelligence Service agent convicted in the USSR.
Molotov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich (1890 -1986) Political and statesman of the USSR. Participant in negotiations with the German delegation of Ribbentrop in 1939, which led to the conclusion of the Soviet-German non-aggression pact. The treaty frustrated the Munich plans to direct German aggression against the Soviet Union and delayed the German attack on the USSR.
"Sea lion"
The code name for the plan for the landing of troops of Nazi Germany in the UK. The operation was canceled due to the preparation and implementation of the Barbarossa plan - an attack on the USSR.
Mosley Oswald
The leader of the British fascists, a fan of Hitler. Mosley's fascist organization was under MI5 surveillance.
Mossad
The abbreviated name of the Israeli intelligence organization is the Institute for Intelligence and Special Tasks. One of the most effective intelligence services in the world, based in its activities on the support of the Jewish diaspora in various countries. Contacts of the Intelligence Service with the Mossad are restrained, which, to a certain extent, is explained by Britain's relations with the Arab countries, Israel's longtime antagonists.
Mossadegh Mohammed (1881-1967)
Prime Minister of Iran in 1951-1953. He advocated for Iran to pursue an independent national policy. Overthrown in a coup organized by the SIS and the CIA. Died in 1967.
Maugham William Somerset (1874-1965) English writer. Served in intelligence.
May Alan Nunn
British atomic scientist. Convicted in 1946 on charges of spying for the USSR.
Maggie
Cm. Margaret Thatcher.
Munich
City in Germany, where in 1938 Chamberlain and Daladier, on the one hand, signed an agreement with Hitler and Mussolini. A symbol of betrayal in politics.
Knightley Philip
English writer and publicist. (See bibliography).
People's Labor Union (NTS)
Anti-Soviet emigrant organization, founded in 1930 in Yugoslavia. During the war, it was completely controlled by the German secret services, which had their own agents in its leadership. After the Second World War, it came under the control of the SIS and the CIA.
Nasser Gamal Abdel (1918-1970)
President of Egypt since 1956. Supporter of cooperation with the Soviet Union. Died in 1970. One of the main objects of attention of the Intelligence Service, which was preparing his elimination.
national center
A counter-revolutionary organization that united a number of right-wing parties in Russia in 1918-1919. Established close ties with the embassies and intelligence agencies of some Western countries, including Great Britain, and acted in cooperation with them and on their instructions.
Nelson Horatio (1758-1805)
English naval commander, national hero of Great Britain. He won a number of victories over the combined fleet of France and Spain during the Napoleonic Wars. Mortally wounded at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805.
Nechiporenko Gleb Maksimovich
An employee of the English department of the Second Main Directorate of the KGB, an active participant in a number of counterintelligence operations against the Moscow residency of the SIS.
Knox Alfred
British military attache in Russia in 1917.
"Nordpol"
The code name for the Abwehr intelligence operation against the Resistance movement in occupied Holland and British intelligence agents abandoned in this region during the Second World War.
Anonymous information
Intelligence information prepared for implementation, from which references to specific sources of its receipt have been eliminated.
Ocalan Abdullah
Leader of the Kurds fighting for independence from Turkish rule. He was captured by a special Turkish reconnaissance group in Kenya, put on trial and sentenced to death. According to some reports, the Intelligence Service was involved in the kidnapping of him by the Turks in Kenya.
Obukhov Platon Alekseevich
Former employee of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. The Intelligence Service was recruited abroad and transferred to the Moscow SIS residency for communication. Exposed by Russian counterintelligence as an English agent.
"Overlord" ("Deity", "God")
The code name for the largest Allied amphibious landing operation in Normandy during World War II.
"Overflight" ("Flight")
Code designation for the CIA-SIS reconnaissance operation to send special U-2 photo reconnaissance aircraft into the airspace of the Soviet Union. It was held in 1956-1960. It was canceled by President Eisenhower after the failure of the flight of Francis Gary Powers.
Ogden Chris
Modern American journalist and writer, one of the researchers of the British politics. (See also bibliography.)
OGPU
Abbreviation of the name of the state security bodies of the Soviet Union in 1923-1934 - the United State Political Administration. In 1934 he became part of the NKVD.
Eleventh Commandment
"Don't get caught!" - a half-joking motto that exists among the operational staff of the Intelligence Service, by analogy with the ten biblical commandments.
Okolovich Grigory
One of the leaders of the NTS. Engaged in intelligence and intelligence activities.
Aldridge Maurice
One of the most capable and talented intelligence officers of the Intelligence Service General Director of the SIS in 1973-1978. Fired by Margaret Thatcher on the basis of information received about his homosexual inclinations.
Ulster
Northern Ireland.
operational combination
A term adopted in intelligence and counterintelligence, meaning complex operational measures to solve a specific problem.
Operational worker
An intelligence or counterintelligence officer in charge of a specific area of operational activity. In the lexicon of the special services of Great Britain and the United States, the term Case Officer is used - an employee leading the development of an operational case.
Operation
A major operational intelligence or counterintelligence event pursuing a specific goal.
Communication operations
Operational intelligence measures to establish contacts with agents. See Communication Instructions.
"Special Relationship"
A term denoting the nature of the relationship between the UK and the US.
Scotland Yard Special Branch
A special unit of Scotland Yard performing counterintelligence functions (Special Branca). Works closely with MI5.
Oster Hans
Deputy head of the Abwehr Canaris. Major General. One of the most active participants in the anti-Hitler opposition in the armed forces of Germany. Executed in 1944.
Palchunov Pavel Vasilievich
The head of one of the departments of the KGB of the USSR, which worked against the residency of the Intelligence Service in Moscow.
Daphne Park
Employee of the Intelligence Service, head of the SIS residency in Moscow in 1954-1956. One of the most successful female British intelligence officers. Daphne Park is the rarest case in the Intelligence Service when her employees take the post of ambassador (Mongolia) as a diplomatic cover for intelligence activities.
parkinson northcote
English satirist. (See also bibliography.)
Powers Francis Gary
Pilot of the U-2 reconnaissance aircraft shot down near Sverdlovsk in May 1960.
Pasholikov Leonid Vasilievich
Responsible officer of the KGB of the USSR, deputy head of the Second Main Directorate (counterintelligence). He led the counterintelligence operation to expose the SIS-CIA agent Penkovsky.
Penton Woak Martin Eric
SIS officer. He worked in the Moscow residency of the Intelligence Service in the 90s.
Penkovsky Oleg
An employee of the Soviet military intelligence - the GRU. SIS-CIA agent. "Initiator". He had a number of pseudonyms in the SIS and the CIA: Alexander, Yoga, Hero (Hero), Young (Young). Exposed by Soviet counterintelligence.
Re-recruitment
A term used in intelligence and counterintelligence. Means inclination to cooperation of an agent of the special services of the opposite side.
displaced persons
Citizens of one state who, due to circumstances (mostly not of their own free will), find themselves on the territory of another country. The term "displaced persons" appeared during the Second World War in connection with the occupation by Nazi Germany of vast territories of foreign states and the movement of huge masses of the population from one country to another. Displaced persons from the Soviet Union represented the main contingent for the recruitment activities of the US and British intelligence services, with the subsequent sending of recruited agents to the USSR.
PET (PET)
The abbreviation for the name (in Danish) of the Danish security service is Polities Efterrettning Tjenste.
Petrov Viktor Yakovlevich
Red Army company commander, an Intelligence Service agent from Paul Dukes' group. According to the plan, Petrov's group was supposed to act as a detachment of militants to seize important objects in Petrograd.
Pilyar Roman Alexandrovich
Leading counterintelligence officer of the GPU-OGPU. Active participant in the "Trust" and "Syndicate" operations. He died as a result of illegal repressions in the NKVD, being the head of the Department for the Saratov region.
Pincher Chapman
English journalist, worked for the Daily Express. Confidential contact (possibly agent) Intelligence service, actively involved by intelligence in the actions of psychological warfare.
"Letter of Zinoviev" ("Letter of the Comintern") Fake British intelligence used to compromise the USSR.
Pitt Jr. William
English statesman of the second half of the 18th century from the Conservative Party. Prime Minister of Great Britain during the Napoleonic Wars. Under him, the expansion of the British Empire and the brutal colonization of Ireland took place. At the same time, the North American colonies of England, which formed the current United States, gained independence.
Fake address
The mailing address at which the agent sends encrypted and encrypted correspondence to the intelligence center. The intelligence service uses fake postal addresses in the UK and other countries.
Pontecorvo Bruno Max
A prominent scientist in the field of nuclear physics. Italian by nationality. Worked in the UK and USA. In 1950 he emigrated to the USSR. Died in 1993.
Rules of the game
Allegedly, there are unwritten rules in intelligence that should determine its “honest and decent” activities. "Fair Play" - in the lexicon of British and American intelligence. Some rules of conduct for scouts. In reality, of course, they do not determine the nature and content of the activities of the special services, but the cruel demand to defeat the enemy.
Pryor Matthew (1664-1721)
English poet. Worked for the British Secret Service.
Cover
Diplomatic, journalistic or other "roof" of an intelligence officer or agent.
Industrial Party
The Industrial Party (or the Union of Engineering Organizations), which united the highest engineering and technical personnel, operated in the years 1925-1930 in the industry and transport of the USSR. She maintained secret contacts with Russian emigration in a number of Western countries. Western intelligence sought to use the Industrial Party as an opposition force within the Soviet Union.
Nickname
In the special services - the conditional name of an intelligence officer or agent, under which, for the purpose of conspiracy, he is listed in operational documents and which he uses in everyday communication.
psychological warfare,
Information and propaganda actions of special services carried out with the aim of misleading the enemy about their true intentions, imposing favorable views on themselves and, ultimately, demoralizing the population of the enemy countries.
Puzitsky Sergey Vasilievich
Responsible officer of the counterintelligence department of the GPU-OGPU, an active participant in the operation "Syndicate".
Pool Witt de
US Consul General in Soviet Russia in 1918.
"Fifth column"
Traitors and accomplices of foreign states in their own country, agents of foreign intelligence services. The name dates back to the time of the Spanish Civil War in 1936-1939 and, in particular, to the statement of the Francoists that in addition to the four columns of troops advancing on Madrid, their “fifth column” was operating behind the lines of the Republicans.
"Radio Shot"
In an operation for communication between an agent and a residency (intelligence) or residency (intelligence) with an agent using radio equipment, one of the parties goes on the air at the fastest possible radio transmission speed.
radio games
A term used in counterintelligence that managed to get enemy agents to act under their control and pass disinformation to the opposing side.
Radio communication
One of the most effective ways to maintain intelligence contacts with agents is through the use of radio equipment.
Wright Peter
Responsible officer of the British counterintelligence MI-5. British McCarthyist, concerned about the infiltration of Soviet intelligence agents into British government institutions. He was mainly involved in the operational and technical work of counterintelligence. (See also bibliography.)
Development
Operational activities of intelligence and counterintelligence on specific cases with the aim of recruiting objects of development or identifying among them persons associated with special services. There may be other development goals, such as compromising an object.
Regional centers
In the Intelligence Service - units created in other countries for the convenience of organizing and conducting intelligence work and directing agents from nearby regions, where, for one reason or another, the operational activities of the SIS are difficult due to the lack of official representations of Great Britain.
"Redskin" ("Redskin"– "Redskin")
The code name for a reconnaissance operation by the US and British special services with the dispatch of agents to the Soviet Union to obtain soil samples, measure air, etc., with the aim of subsequently identifying objects related to the use of nuclear substances.
"Redsocks" ("Redsocks"– "Red Socks" The code name for the intelligence operation of the CIA and the SIS to illegally drop agents into the Soviet Union through various channels - by sea, across the land border, by dropping them from aircraft with a parachute.
SIS Resident (Chief of Station)
Accepted in our terminology is the name of the head of residency Intelligence Service. Usually refers to the head of an SIS unit operating under the guise of a diplomatic mission.
Heads of the embassy residency Secret Intelligence Service in Moscow:
Van Morik Ernest Henry, worked at the embassy under cover of second secretary (1948-1950).
Collette D., Attaché of the Consular Section (1950-1951).
O'Brien-TIAR Terence Hubert Louis, Third Secretary of the Consulate (1952-1954).
Daphne Park, Second Secretary of the Consular Section (1954-1956).
Coates DG, second secretary of the consular section (1956-1957).
Love Frederick Raymond, Second Secretary, Head of the Visa Section of the Consulate (1958-1960).
Chisholm Roderick Ronald, Second Secretary of the Consular Section (1960-1962).
Cowell Gervais, Second Secretary (1962-1963).
Chaplin, Ruth, Second Secretary, Visa Section, Consulate (1963-1964).
Milne Doreen Margaret, Second Secretary of the Visa Section (1964-1965).
Casares John, Third Secretary of the Consulate (1965-1968).
Driscoll M.T. (1967-1968).
Livingston Nicholas Henry, Second Secretary of the Political Department (1969-1972).
Brennan Peter Lawrence, second then first secretary of the political department (1973-1976).
Scarlett John McLane, Second Secretary of the Political Department (1976).
Taylor John Lawrence, first secretary of the political department (1977-1979).
Brooks Stuart Armitage, first secretary of the political department (1979-1982).
Muras Keith Watson, First Secretary of the Political Department (1982-1984).
Gibbs Andrew Patrick Somerset, First Secretary of the Political Department (1984-1986).
Harris Peter (1986-1988).
Bagshaw Charles Kerry, First Secretary of the Political Department (1988-1991).
Scarlett John McLane, Embassy Counselor (1991-1994).
Maxwin Norman James, Embassy Counselor (1994–1998).
Author's notes: some of the named persons were mentioned in the media - Soviet, Russian and foreign - in connection with the exposure of the activities of the Intelligence Service against the USSR and Russia. However, not all of them were named heads of the SIS embassy residency in Moscow. You can also pay attention to the fact that three women were at the head of the Moscow residency. Glory to the fair sex at the Intelligence Service!
SIS residencies (Stations)
Intelligence service intelligence units operating under the cover of British diplomatic and official missions abroad, as well as international organizations and the country's armed forces deployed abroad. The countries of the world where residencies are located are listed in alphabetical order. The capitals of states and other places where SIS units can be located are also noted.
Australia - Canberra
Austria Vienna
Albania - Tirana
Algiers – Algiers
Angola – Luanda
Argentina – Buenos Aires
Afghanistan - Kabul (maybe the residency is temporarily closed)
Barbados - Bridgetown (in all likelihood, acts as the regional center of the SIS for the entire region of the West Indies)
Bangladesh – Dhaka
Bahrain – Manama
Belarus - Minsk (possibly under organization)
Belgium – Brussels
Benin – Porto-Novo
Bulgaria – Sofia
Bolivia – La Paz
Bosnia - Sarajevo
Botswana – Gaborone
Brazil - Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro
Brunei - Bandar Seri Begawan
Venezuela - Caracas Hungary - Budapest
Vietnam - Hanoi (SIS residency in Saigon, now Ho Chi Minh City, most likely closed after the unification of North and South Vietnam)
Guyana – Georgetown
Ghana – Accra
Guatemala – Guatemala
Holland – Amsterdam
Greece - Athens
Georgia - Tbilisi (possibly under organization)
Denmark – Copenhagen
Egypt – Cairo
Zambia – Lusaka
Zimbabwe - Harare
Yemen - Sana'a, Aden
Israel - Tel Aviv, Jerusalem
India - New Delhi, Bombay
Indonesia - Jakarta
Jordan – Amman
Ireland – Dublin
Iraq - Baghdad (probably temporarily closed)
Iran – Tehran
Spain Madrid
Canada - Ottawa (SIS Coordinating Office)
Kazakhstan - Alma-Ata (possibly in the process of organizing, after which it will move to the new capital of Kazakhstan)
Cambodia - Phnom Penh
Kenya – Nairobi
Cyprus - Nicosia (in all likelihood there is one or more intelligence units elsewhere in the country)
PRC - Beijing, Shanghai (possibly, under some cover, the residency in Hong Kong remained)
Colombia – Bogota
Democratic People's Republic of Korea - Pyongyang
Korea (Republic of Korea) – Seoul
Costa Rica – San Jose
Cuba - Havana
Kuwait – El Kuwait
Laos - Vientiane Latvia - Riga
Lebanon – Beirut
Libya – Tripoli
Lithuania - Vilnius (probably under organization)
Macedonia - Skopje (possibly under organization)
Malawi -. Lilongwe
Malaysia – Kuala Lumpur
Malta – Valletta
Morocco – Rabat
Mexico–Mexico City
Mozambique – Maputo
Moldova - Chisinau (probably in the process of being organized)
Mongolia – Ulaanbaatar
Myanmar (Burma) - Rangoon
Namibia – Windhoek
Nigeria – Lagos
New Zealand - Wellington (ISU Coordinating Office)
Norway - Oslo
UAE (United Arab Emirates) - Abu Dhabi, Dubai
Oman – Muscat
Pakistan - Islamabad, Karachi
Peru – Lima
Poland Warsaw
Portugal – Lisbon
Russia (Russian Federation) – Moscow
Romania - Bucharest
El Salvador – San Salvador
Saudi Arabia - Riyadh, Jeddah
Singapore – Singapore
Syria - Damascus
Slovakia – Bratislava
Slovenia – Ljubljana
Sudan – Khartoum
USA - Washington DC (SIS Coordinating Office), New York (UN)
Sierra Leone - Freetown
Tanzania - Dar es Salaam
Thailand – Bangkok
Tunisia – Tunisia
Turkey - Ankara, Istanbul Uganda - Kampala
Uzbekistan – Tashkent
Ukraine, Kyiv
Uruguay – Montevideo
Philippines – Manila
Finland – Helsinki
Falkland Islands - Port Stanley
France Paris
Germany - Berlin, Bonn, Hamburg (in all likelihood, SIS units are located in some other places in Germany)
Croatia – Zagreb
Czech Republic, Prague
Chile – Santiago
Switzerland - Bern, Geneva (headquarters of international organizations)
Sweden – Stockholm
Sri Lanka – Colombo
Estonia – Tallinn
Ethiopia - Addis Ababa
Yugoslavia (SFY) – Belgrade
South Africa - Pretoria, Johannesburg, Cape Town
Jamaica – Kingston
Japan Tokyo
Rezun Vladimir Bogdanovich
Former GRU officer. In 1978, he fled to the UK from Switzerland, where he worked in the military intelligence station in Geneva. Collaborates with British intelligence, participates in the actions of psychological warfare carried out by the Intelligence Service against Russia. Performs under the literary pseudonym Viktor Suvorov.
Reagan Ronald
Republican President of the United States from 1981-1989. In the past - a film actor, television and radio commentator, trade unionist.
Reilly Sydney (Rosenblum Sigmund)
English intelligence officer MI-lc. Member of the Lockhart conspiracy. Captured by Soviet counterintelligence while illegally crossing the Finnish-Soviet border in 1925. Shot by court order.
Remigton Stella
Director General of MI5 1991-1996. The first woman to head one of the British intelligence services.
Rennie John
Director General of the SIS in 1968-1973.
Ribbentrop Joachim
One of the main German war criminals. Former Ambassador of Nazi Germany to Great Britain and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Reich. Executed in 1946 by the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal.
Robertson George
Defense Minister in the Labor government of Anthony Blair. The current Secretary General of NATO.
Rosenblum Sigmund Cm. Reilly Sydney.
Rosicky Harry
Responsible CIA officer in the 40-50s. Engaged in literary activities after leaving the CIA.
Russian All-Military Union (ROVS)
Emigrant monarchist organization created after the defeat of the Whites in the Civil War in Russia. It was defeated by the Soviet counterintelligence as a result of the bold operations of the Cheka-OGPU.
Rowlett Frank
Head of the Soviet Operations Department of the CIA in the 50s. Member of the SIS-CIA operation "Berlin Tunnel" ("Gold").
Roosevelt Kermit
Responsible officer of the Central Intelligence Agency in the 50s. Grandson of US President Theodore Roosevelt.
Roosevelt Franklin Delano (1882-1945) Democratic President of the United States. He was elected to this post four times. Under him, the United States established diplomatic relations with the USSR. A supporter of strengthening cooperation with the Soviet Union.
Savinkov Boris Viktorovich
Russian politician. Organizer of the armed struggle against Soviet Russia after the Great October Socialist Revolution. Withdrawn by Soviet counterintelligence to the territory of our country, where he was arrested and convicted. In 1924 he committed suicide.
Simon John Allsbrook
Repeatedly held ministerial posts in the conservative governments of Great Britain, including being the Minister for Foreign Affairs. A supporter of rapprochement with Nazi Germany. One of the active British "Munich". Died in 1954.
"Salamander"
The codename for the Intelligence Service's intelligence operation to assassinate Egyptian leader Nasser.
Saparov Arif
See bibliography.
With AC (Special Air Service)
An abbreviation for the name of the British intelligence and sabotage service.
"Sugar" ("Sugar")
The code name for an operation by the Intelligence Service in Vienna to eavesdrop on Soviet telephone lines.
Sasha
The pseudonym of one of the SIS agents - a Soviet citizen.
Swift Jonathan (1667-1745)
English writer, politician and spy.
Secret Service
One of the many names of British intelligence. Cm. SIS.
Semenov Grigory Mikhailovich
One of the active participants in the Civil War in Russia. Ataman of the Siberian Cossack army, lieutenant general of the tsarist army. Emigrated to China. In 1945 he was captured by Soviet troops in Manchuria and executed by court order.
Century House
SIS headquarters building complex in London.
Sillitow Percy
Director General of MI5 1946-1953. (See also bibliography.)
"Syndicate"
The code name for the counterintelligence operation of the GPU-OGPU.
Sinclair John
General Director of the SIS in 1953-1956. Major General.
Sintsov Vadim
Director for Foreign Economic Relations of the Russian Concern "Special Engineering and Metallurgy". Recruited by Intelligence Service abroad. Exposed by Russian counterintelligence as an English agent (pseudonym in intelligence - Demetrios).
sepoys
From the middle of the XVIII century until 1947 - hired soldiers in India, recruited into the British colonial army from local residents. The uprising of the sepoys in 1857-1859 was brutally suppressed by the British colonialists.
SIS (SIS)
The abbreviation for the name of the British intelligence service is Secret Intelligence Service.
Scarlett John
Employee of the Intelligence Service. SIS resident in Moscow in 1991-1994.
Scotland Yard
London Criminal and Political Police.
Smith Ian Douglas
Head of the racist government of Southern Rhodesia before the independence of Zimbabwe.
Solana Javier
Director General of NATO (until 1999). Spanish socialist.
"Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom"
A counter-revolutionary organization that aimed to overthrow the Soviet regime. Headed by B. Savinkov. Destroyed in the 1920s by Soviet counterintelligence.
Spindler Guy David St. John Kelso SIS officer. In the 1980s, he worked as a residency in the Intelligence Service in Moscow.
Spedding David
Director General of SIS in 1994-1999.
"Tomlinson's List"
List of employees of the Intelligence Service, posted in 1999 on the Internet by former British intelligence officer Richard Tomlinson.
Sprogis Jan
Member of the Cheka, Latvian. He took an active part in the operation of the Cheka to defeat the "Lockhart conspiracy".
Stalin (Dzhugashvili) Joseph Vissarionovich (1879-1953) Soviet state and party leader. The head of the Soviet state in 1924-1953. He left a significant mark in the creation and strengthening of the USSR, in the development of the state security agencies of the Soviet Union. The role of Stalin during the Great Patriotic War is indisputable. Winston Churchill famously said that Stalin "got the country with a plow and left it with an atomic bomb."
Stations Cm. Residency.
Steklov Nikolay Vasilievich
A responsible officer of the Soviet counterintelligence, in the 70s he worked in the English department of the Second Main Directorate of the KGB. An active participant in operational activities to develop the SIS embassy residency in Moscow.
Stephenson William
Winston Churchill's personal representative to US President Franklin Roosevelt. During the Second World War, he was sent to the United States to organize counter-espionage against German agents.
Stephens G.R.
Employee of the Intelligence Service, worked in the SIS residency in Holland. As a result of the operational combination, he was captured by the Germans and subjected to severe interrogations by the Gestapo.
Stevenson William
Intelligence Service employee in Cairo during the Suez Crisis.
"Strange War"
Military actions of England and France against Nazi Germany in 1939-1940. The term, adopted in the military history literature, reflects the unwillingness of the Anglo-French ruling circles to wage an active struggle on the Western Front.
Styrne Vladimir Andreevich
An employee of the counterintelligence department of the GPU-OGPU, an active participant in the operation "Syndicate" and "Trust". He died during illegal repressions in the NKVD, being the head of the Department for the Ivanovo-industrial region.
Swinburne James
Head of the Arab News Agency operating in Cairo during the Suez Crisis. He was closely associated with the Intelligence Service, on the instructions of which he carried out actions of psychological warfare against Egypt and the course of its leader Nasser towards cooperation with the USSR and the socialist countries in the mass media of the Arab East.
Suntsov Alexey Vasilievich
Soviet counterintelligence officer. He worked in the English department of the Second Main Directorate of the KGB. An active participant in counterintelligence operational activities to expose the SIS-CIA agent Penkovsky.
"Grey" propaganda
One of the methods of psychological warfare is the dissemination of specially fabricated materials of a biased nature through various channels.
Syroezhkin Grigory Sergeevich
An employee of the counterintelligence department of the GPU-OGPU, an active participant in operational activities in the cases of "Trust" and "Syndicate". Hero of the Spanish Civil War. He died as a result of illegal repressions in the NKVD.
Cache
The term adopted in intelligence and counterintelligence, meaning the place of laying in the specified area of intelligence materials from the residency to the agent and vice versa. It can mean the bookmark itself.
Cache operation
Reconnaissance operation of a foreign intelligence residency to lay a cache container or remove it from a cache.
cryptography
In intelligence and counterintelligence, a special chemical substance with which a secret text is applied, to be revealed through the use of another reagent. Also - the very process of using cryptography in undercover work.
Turner Stansfield
Director of the CIA in 1977-1981. Admiral.
Tickle (Itchy)
Pseudonym (in the CIA) of the agent of the Intelligence Service O. Gordievsky.
Tomlinson Richard
Former SIS officer who posted on the Internet a list of 216 Intelligence Service intelligence officers.
"Trust"
The code name for the counterintelligence operation of the Soviet counterintelligence against émigré White Guard organizations.
"Trojan"
The code name for one of the many US and British military plans to organize an aggressive war against the Soviet Union.
Trotsky Lev Davidovich
One of the leaders of the revolutionary movement in Russia. After the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution - People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs of the Soviet government. Object of attention Intelligence service. Killed in exile in 1940 by order of Stalin.
Tudeh
Party of Iranian Communists. She was repeatedly harassed by the Shah authorities, Iranian counterintelligence SAVAK, Muslim nationalists, who were actively assisted in this by the special services of Great Britain and the United States.
Thurlow John
Minister of State under Oliver Cromwell, head of the intelligence service of England.
Margaret Thatcher (b. 1925)
Political and statesman of Great Britain, the first woman in the history of the country - Prime Minister. In her inner circle, she was called Maggie.
"U-2"
Brand of a high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft manufactured by Lockheed, equipped for photography. The use of U-2 aircraft against the Soviet Union is now known to have been a joint program of the US and British intelligence services. Moreover, in some cases, the U-2 aircraft were piloted by pilots of the British Air Force. In addition to the Soviet Union, U-2 flights were carried out over the PRC, Cuba, Yugoslavia, the Near and Middle East and other regions of the world.
Wyman John
English intelligence agent, SIS station officer in Dublin in the 70s.
white dick
Director General of the SIS in 1956-1968. Prior to that, he headed MI5.
"Security Risk"
The term adopted in the special services of Great Britain and the United States, meaning the unreliability of a particular employee or his vulnerability due to his inherent character traits, which make his further stay in the SIS inappropriate.
Walsingham Francis
Minister of State of Elizabeth I, organizer of the Secret Service of England.
Directorate of Special Operations (OSS)
United States Intelligence Service during World War II, predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency.
Uritsky Moses Solomonovich
Leader of the Russian revolutionary movement. Head of the Petrograd Cheka. Killed in 1918 by a right SR.
Conditional phone calls
One of the elements of the undercover communication system in intelligence. Conditional expressions are used - individual words or phrases. Can pass without talking when the agent waits for a certain number of buzzers during a phone call.
FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)
US Federal Criminal Police and Counterintelligence.
Fedorov Andrey Pavlovich
Employee of the counterintelligence department of the GPU-OGPU. The main character in the operation "Syndicate". He gained confidence in Savinkov and convinced him to head the legendary OGPU underground organization in Russia. He worked as the head of the intelligence department of the NKVD Directorate for the Leningrad Region. Died during illegal repressions.
Fedyakhin Vladimir Petrovich
Soviet counterintelligence officer. He worked in the English department of the Second Main Directorate of the KGB. He took an active part in operational activities of counterintelligence against the SIS embassy residency in Moscow.
Figers Colin
Director General of the SIS in 1982-1985.
fictitious documents
Identity cards and other documents produced by intelligence for agents or their employees. The same as forged documents. Designed to encrypt the activities of agents or intelligence officers.
Philby Adrian Russell (Kim)
An outstanding Soviet intelligence officer in the Intelligence Service. One of the famous "Cambridge Five". See also bibliography.
filer
An old term for a surveillance officer. In a figurative sense - an informer, a spy.
Flux J.B.
Member of the SIS Embassy Station in Cairo during the Suez Crisis.
Fleming Yen
English military intelligence during the Second World War. He became a popular writer, based on the materials of whose books a series of spy films about James Bond was created.
Floyd David
A popular English journalist from the Daily Telegraph newspaper. He was associated with the Intelligence Service, on whose instructions he took part in the actions of psychological warfare, speaking with articles in his newspaper, prepared on the basis of intelligence materials.
"Fortitude" ("Fortitude" - "fortitude") The code name for a joint SIS-CIA disinformation operation that aimed to mislead the Germans about the timing and actions of the Anglo-American troops and the armed forces of their allies in 1944.
Fraser-Darling Richard
Employee of the Intelligence Service. In the 1970s he worked in the SIS embassy residency in Helsinki.
Franke Arthur
Director General of the SIS in 1979-1982.
Fuchs Claus
German anti-fascist, atomic scientist. He worked in the USA and Great Britain on the creation of atomic weapons. He was convicted in England for collaborating with Soviet intelligence. After his release from prison, he lived and worked in his specialty in the GDR. Died in 1988.
Khalil Mahmoud
Deputy Chief of Intelligence of the Egyptian Air Force. In exposing the plans of the Intelligence Service during the Suez crisis, it played an important role, similar in nature to the role of Berzin, Buikis and Sprogis in the Lockhart conspiracy.
Harvey Bill
Responsible CIA officer in the 50s, organizer and active participant in the SIS-CIA operation "Berlin Tunnel".
Hicks Joynson
Home Secretary in the Conservative government of Stanley Baldwin. The organizer of the provocation against ARCOS in London in 1927, which led to the rupture of diplomatic relations between Great Britain and the Soviet Union.
Hillenketter Roscoe
The first director of the Central Intelligence Agency (1947-1950), admiral.
Hill George
Major British intelligence officer, brigadier general. Companion of Sydney Reilly.
Hero (Hero– hero)
Pseudonym of the Anglo-American agent Penkovsky in the CIA.
Hall Reginald
Head of British Naval Intelligence during the First World War.
Hollis Roger
Director General of MI5 1956-1965.
Khomyakova Nina Andreevna
An employee of the Soviet counterintelligence, in the 70s she took an active part in operational activities against the SIS embassy residency in Moscow.
Choir Samuel
Veteran of the British diplomatic service, minister in Conservative governments. Active "Munich".
Horner Katherine Sarah Julia
Employee of the Intelligence Service. Twice she worked as part of the SIS embassy residency in Moscow in the 1980s and 1990s.
Khrushchev Nikita Sergeevich (1894-1971)
Soviet state and party leader. During the visit of the government delegation headed by him to the UK in 1956, MI5 and SIS organized eavesdropping in the hotel rooms where Khrushchev and other members of the delegation stayed.
Public Relations Center (CSP)
A division of the KGB of the USSR and the FSB of Russia, dealing with public relations through the media. Explains the nature of events related to the activities of the state security bodies of our country.
CIA (CIA)
Abbreviation for the US Central Intelligence Agency.
Chaplin George
Former Russian naval officer. MI-1s officer. He probably had the status of the chief agent of British intelligence.
Cheltenham
The city in the UK where the headquarters of the decryption service is located - GCC HQ. Became a household name of this service.
Chamberlain Neville
British Prime Minister 1937-1940. One of the British politicians who actively pursued a policy of collusion with Nazi Germany at the expense of the Soviet Union. Signed the infamous Munich Agreement in 1938. Died in 1940.
Chamberlain Austin
Brother of Neville Chamberlain. Conservative, held a number of ministerial posts in British governments. One of the active organizers of the break in diplomatic relations with the USSR in 1927.
Chernyak Efim Borisovich
Soviet and Russian writer. Researcher of British politics and the activities of its intelligence agencies. (See also bibliography.)
Churchill Winston Leonard Spencer (1874 -1965) One of the largest statesmen and politicians of Great Britain of the 20th century. Initiator of the Cold War.
Chisholm Roderick
Head of the SIS residency in Moscow in 1960–1962. His wife, Janet Chisholm, took an active part in communications operations with the SIS-CIA agent Penkovsky.
Chicherin Georgy Vasilievich
People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR and the Soviet Union. Participant of a number of international conferences.
Sharp Rosemary
An employee of the Intelligence Service in Germany in the 90s.
Shakespeare Nigel
British military intelligence officer, specialized in the Soviet Union - Russia.
Schecter Jerrold
American writer, publicist. Maintains close contact with the CIA and SIS. (See also bibliography.)
Shekhtel Fedor Osipovich (1859-1926)
Cipher
Conventional signs used in secret correspondence (See. The code.)
School of Government Communications Cm. GCC HQ.
Egar Augustos
Employee of MI-lc (ST-34). The commander of a detachment of high-speed boats that communicated with the undercover group of Paul Dukes, which operated in Petrograd in 1919.
Agee Philip
Former member of the US Central Intelligence Agency. He worked in the CIA residencies in South America. Broke with American intelligence. (See also bibliography.)
Eisenhower Dwight (1890-1969)
American general. During the Second World War - Supreme Commander of the Allied Armed Forces in Western Europe. President of the United States 1953-1961.
Elliot Nicholas
Responsible employee of the Intelligence Service. In the 1960s, he held senior positions in a number of SIS residencies in Western Europe and the Middle East.
Angleton James Jesus
American Intelligence Veteran. An adherent of the "hard line" in relation to the Soviet Union. In the 1950s and 1970s, he held senior positions in the Central Intelligence Agency. Head of counterintelligence of the CIA. Died in 1987.
Andrew Christopher
A modern English researcher of the activities of special services. Closely associated with the Intelligence Service. (See also bibliography.)
Early Peter
American journalist. (See also bibliography.)
Attlee Clement
English Right Labor Party. British Prime Minister 1945-1951. One of the initiators of the Cold War. Died in 1967.
Ashley Wilfor
Minister in the Conservative government of Stanley Baldwin. British Munich.
Yudenich Nikolai Nikolaevich
Royal general. Participated in the First World War (on the Caucasian front). Commander of the Northwestern White Army operating in the Petrograd region in 1919. He died in exile in 1933.
One of the aliases of the SIS-CIA agent Penkovsky.
Young George
Responsible employee of the Intelligence Service. In the 1950s and 1960s, he was Deputy Director General of the SIS.
