Vaccination schedule for measles and mumps rubella. Vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps

Measles, rubella, and mumps are infectious diseases traditionally considered childhood. This definition is due to the fact that children of preschool and primary school age suffer from these infections much more often than adults.

Measles, rubella and mumps can be ill only once in a lifetime. There is no cure for these infections, and after the disease, immunity is developed for life. Sometimes these facts about childhood infections lead parents to think that measles, mumps and rubella vaccination is a useless exercise: there is nothing wrong with getting one of these infections, so why put extra vaccinations? In fact, the infections themselves are not so terrible as the possible consequences and complications after them. Consider how measles, rubella and mumps proceed, what complications are possible after them, and what are the rules for vaccination against these infections.

Measles

This is an infection that can be caught by airborne droplets. The radius of spread of the measles virus is quite large, therefore, when one sick person appears in the children's team, almost all children in contact with him fall ill.

At first, measles manifests itself as an ordinary respiratory viral infection: the child has a fever (up to 39 degrees), a cough, a runny nose appear, and the mucous membrane of the eye may become inflamed. A couple of days after the onset of the disease, the child develops a rash. The characteristic rash of measles is white dots that first appear on the face and then spread throughout the body. Within a week, the disease progresses: the temperature persists, the rash becomes larger and larger, and then subsides, the temperature and rash recede, and the spots remaining from the rash disappear on their own in 3-4 days.

Children under one year of age practically do not get measles, because they get maternal antibodies to this infection. In most cases, in childhood, measles is easily tolerated, but it can cause complications in the form of otitis media (inflammation of the middle ear), pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). If an adult becomes ill with measles (and this is possible if he has not been vaccinated and has not been ill in childhood), the disease will be severe, and the risks of complications will increase significantly.

Rubella

This infection is also considered "children's", and children can get rubella in a very mild form, and as a result, they do not even know the exact diagnosis, since the symptoms of a mild form of the disease do not differ from an ordinary ARVI. The main symptoms are high fever, headache, general malaise, in more severe cases, lymph nodes may swell and a small rash may appear on the face and body (which can easily be mistaken for an allergy to medications).

In children, complications from rubella are extremely rare: encephalitis develops in about one case in 1000. For adults, rubella is no longer so harmless. Adults take the disease very hard and the risks of complications increase significantly. Rubella is especially terrible for pregnant women: during pregnancy, this infection can cause severe pathologies in the fetus. It is in order to prevent such problems in the future that the rubella vaccine should be given in childhood.

Parotitis or "mumps"

Mumps is also transmitted by airborne droplets, but its virus does not spread as easily and quickly as the measles virus, so it is more difficult to get infected with mumps. The main distinguishing feature of this disease is inflammation of the salivary glands under the jaw and behind the ears. Because of this inflammation, the face seems to swell, hence the name "mumps", and it is painful for the sick person to chew and swallow during the acute period. In addition to inflammation of the salivary glands, mumps is characterized by the already known symptoms of a viral infection: high fever, malaise.

Possible complications after mumps: pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), meningitis or meningoencephalitis (inflammation of the membranes or brain tissues). Mumps gives the most dangerous complications to the reproductive system: in boys it is inflammation of the testicles (orchitis), and in girls it is ovarian damage (oophoritis). The severity of these complications is different, sometimes up to infertility. You can protect your child from the risks of having these health effects through vaccination.

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Vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps

Before getting vaccinated, read the article on how to prepare your child for vaccination - rules, tips and tricks —

According to the vaccination calendar ( see the vaccination schedule for children under 1 year old in Russia — ), the first vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is carried out according to the following schedule:

first vaccination - at 1 year
revaccination - after 6 years.

If vaccinations were not made on time, then they are made after 13 years.

Usually, vaccination consists of two vaccines: a double one for measles and mumps, and a separate one for rubella. In polyclinics, all vaccinations for children are free of charge and already purchased vaccines are used: the first is Russian-made, the second is Indian.

If parents want to reduce the number of injections or trust imported vaccine manufacturers more, they can buy and supply an imported triple vaccine (MMP-II, Priorix). True, in the case of vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps, it turns out that domestic vaccines are better tolerated and less likely to cause allergies, because quail protein is used as one of the components, and chicken protein in foreign ones.

Measles, rubella and mumps vaccinations can be given on the same day as any other vaccinations except BCG. In some cases, vaccination against these infections will have to be abandoned. Contraindications for vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps are:

immunodeficiency states
the presence in the past of severe allergic reactions (especially to chicken protein)

It is worth temporarily delaying the vaccination if the child has recently had a blood transfusion. Vaccination is delayed for 3 months.

After vaccination

The measles, rubella, and mumps vaccine usually does not cause a reaction in a child. Maximum - it swells a little and the injection site turns red, there may be a slight soreness in this place.

In cases where the reaction does appear, it may not appear immediately, but after 1-2 weeks. The child may have a fever we read the article: ) and suddenly appear signs of SARS (runny nose, cough, swollen lymph nodes). Sometimes there are symptoms of an allergic reaction.

To prevent complications from vaccination, you can give your child an antiallergic agent in advance. Unpleasant sensations are removed with painkillers, all other signs of complications are also removed symptomatically (antipyretic at a temperature, drops in the nose with a runny nose).

In general, vaccinations against measles, rubella and mumps are considered the easiest for the child, while they protect him from serious health problems in the future, so it is not reasonable to refuse vaccination because of the belief that vaccinations are harmful. Timely vaccination against seemingly harmless childhood infections, carried out according to all the rules, will not bring any harm and will only help maintain health.

Encyclopedia of a young mother. Vaccinations:

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Young parents are often frightened by the prospect of a multi-component vaccination, so they ask themselves what kind of reaction should be expected to a measles, rubella, mumps vaccine, should they be afraid and what measures should be taken?

The measles, rubella, mumps vaccine is abbreviated as MMR. Western manufacturers offer a wide range of three-component vaccines, while the domestic one contains only two components (rubella and mumps vaccine).

Each of these diseases is dangerous in its own way for the life and health of the child. You should not listen to those who spread their subjective opinion on the topic that MMR vaccination is optional, because the harm from the consequences of a real disease far exceeds the likelihood of adverse reactions after vaccination. Description:

Measles is especially dangerous for the development of complications: pneumonia, dehydration, encephalitis, and serious visual impairment. It is the component that forms immunity against measles that gives negative reactions after an injection, just like whooping cough in DPT.
Mumps is dangerous due to its ability to affect the glandular organs of a person, as a result, complications such as pancreatitis, diabetes, deafness, testicular dysfunction and, as a result, infertility are possible.
Rubella itself does not pose a serious threat to the life of the child, however, its danger lies in the significant likelihood of congenital malformations in the baby when a pregnant woman falls ill. It is for this reason that there is a need to vaccinate girls.

Thus, measles, rubella and mumps viruses are a direct threat to life (especially measles), in addition, they are dangerous with the likelihood of complications.

pros

Vaccination for a baby is always stressful, but thanks to the one who invented the multi-component vaccine, thereby allowing measles, mumps and rubella to be vaccinated with a single injection.

A negative reaction to the MMR vaccine is extremely rare. The components of the drug rubella and mumps have a mild effect on the body, the component against measles is more aggressive.

So, the advantages of the MMR vaccine:

with the help of one injection, the child forms immunity against three viruses at once;
immunity against measles provides a mild course of the disease in the event of a real infection;

Minuses

When weighing the pros and cons before vaccination, it must be taken into account that the benefits far outweigh the risk of complications. There are still cons of the MRC vaccination, consider the main ones:

there is a minimal risk for the child to contract the vaccinated disease (in particular measles);
sometimes in the post-vaccination period, some adverse reactions may develop, for example, there is a possibility of a slight increase in temperature after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps;
the likely consequences also include pain and redness at the injection site, anxiety of the child;
Allergic reactions to components of the vaccine are likely.

The MMR vaccine rarely causes side effects, and their occurrence does not mean that something has gone wrong.

Adverse reactions

Like any other vaccine, MMR does not exclude the occurrence of certain negative reactions. Sometimes you can find a specific reaction after vaccination with measles, rubella, mumps. In addition to the standard post-vaccination effects, there may be an increase in the parotid glands, lymph nodes, and skin rashes occur. Do not panic, but you need to contact the doctor.

Do not forget that in order to form immunity against a virus, the body needs to face it, recognize its foreign bodies and form protection against them. Sometimes with a weakened immune system, the virus begins to somehow act and manifest itself.

Therefore, outwardly, you can notice its above signs. The presence of hyperthermia at the same time indicates that the body is fighting the disease and producing antibodies.

It is best to be under the supervision of specialists who can help the baby and prevent the development of complications such as dehydration, pneumonia. The virus itself will not be treated by anyone, since there is no treatment against it, the body is able to cope with it on its own, for this it is necessary to provide the baby with the necessary resources through properly organized child care in the post-vaccination period.

Possible Complications

The reaction after MMR vaccination, as with any other vaccine, is difficult to predict. In some children, it manifests itself, while others do not react in any way. In any case, do not panic if the reaction is within the acceptable conditions described in the instructions for a particular drug.

With the development of "non-standard" or severe forms of the post-vaccination effect, it is necessary to immediately call an ambulance.

As already mentioned, the occurrence of temperature along with general malaise, swollen lymph nodes and glands in the ears and neck does not always indicate a bad reaction. But still, absolutely any symptoms indicating complications after vaccination in a child require a doctor's examination.

Parents, in turn, are obliged to properly organize the care of the child in the post-vaccination period. It includes:

Rest mode. The child needs to sleep as much as his body requires.
drinking mode. You need to drink a lot, and the temperature of the liquid offered to the baby should be as equal as possible to the temperature of his body.
Wet cleaning of the room in which the child is located must be performed at least 2 times a day.
Optimum air parameters. Cool, moist air in the room will help prevent inflammation of the respiratory system from joining. The child should not be cold.

Walks in the open air. Mandatory, subject to normal temperature in a child.
Avoid contact with other children. In the event of a rash and inflammation of the glands (after measles vaccination), it is necessary to refrain from visiting children's groups.
The need to give an antipyretic even with a slight increase in temperature in a baby after he has been vaccinated against measles, rubella, mumps is due to the need to alleviate his general condition. If the child is lethargic or does not tolerate hyperthermia, he can be given paracetamol or ibuprofen already with a slight jump in the thermometer mark.
Symptoms indicating dangerous complications, such as impaired consciousness, impaired coordination, convulsions, temperature above 39, require immediate medical attention.

How to prevent complications?

The main measures to prevent complications, in fact, lie in the following

The implementation of a competent examination of the child by a qualified doctor before vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps.
Administering a quality vaccine to a healthy child.
Provision of adequate care for the child after the introduction of the vaccine.
Supervision of the baby during the first 30 minutes after the injection. At this time, it is unacceptable to move far from the medical institution. If any allergic manifestations occur, you should immediately see a doctor.
House surveillance. Symptoms of mumps, rubella and measles may not be observed immediately. This reaction occurs when the virus begins to act.

Find out in the medical institution where you vaccinate your child about all the possible consequences and complications. The doctor is obliged to warn you about everything and describe the algorithm of your actions for various options for the course of the post-vaccination period.

Should I get vaccinated?

Many parents are afraid to get the MMR vaccine because they fear a reaction to the measles vaccine. Subsequently, they are looking for a two-component vaccine. But unfortunately, measles outbreaks periodically occur around the world. Virologists and epidemiologists constantly warn about the likelihood of an epidemic. It is for this reason that routine immunization against measles exists. Subsequently, it is children who most often suffer from this terrible disease.

Vaccinated children, even in the case of infection, tolerate the disease much easier, are less at risk of developing complications. Given the likelihood of complications such as infertility in boys who had mumps in childhood, as well as girls not vaccinated against rubella, namely the risk of infection during pregnancy, we can draw conclusions about the need for routine vaccination.

It is also necessary to take into account the fact that in the majority of cases a competent approach to vaccination minimizes the risks of complications after vaccination.

Vaccination schedule

The modern vaccination schedule implies that the measles vaccine is normally given at one year of age, followed by a revaccination at least 4 years later. According to the vaccination calendar, if the vaccination is done in a planned manner without any correlations, you will be invited to the clinic for an injection against measles, rubella, mumps when the child is 1 year old, and then 6 years old.

In case of any deviations from the schedule, in cases of medical withdrawal for medical reasons, the vaccination is done immediately when possible.

Komarovsky's opinion

The probability of developing a complicated reaction to the MMR vaccination is 1 case out of 40,000, while concomitant severe complications in the form of pneumonia, dehydration with measles occur with a probability of 1 case out of 4. It is the choice of each family to vaccinate a child against measles or not, but each parent must know that vaccinated children are not affected by measles, while unvaccinated children are more likely to find measles. It is much more difficult to transfer the disease, and it is much more difficult to avoid almost guaranteed accompanying complications than to endure certain ailments after vaccination.

After all, the question, in fact, is to make vaccination with a quality vaccine under optimal conditions. Routine immunization virtually guarantees that the family does not have to deal with these diseases. If earlier every grandmother, one way or another, faced with situations of measles outbreaks, then today almost none of the vaccinated people even think about it.

The action of the MMR vaccination is aimed at developing immunity in the child against measles, rubella, mumps. At the same time, the drug itself contains weakened cells of a live virus. The MMR vaccine rarely causes side effects. There is a fear of getting measles after vaccination. Here it is important to know about the existence of the term "vaccinated measles", which is a kind of "mild measles", which has the peculiarity of a mild course of the disease and is not contagious when communicating with a patient with vaccinated measles.

Are vaccinated children susceptible to infection? Yes. But the course of this disease is mild. Not only that, people with a history of measles are also at risk of reinfection. At the same time, there are no situations where vaccinated children die from measles.

Training

First of all, preparation for vaccination lies in the psychological attitude and awareness of parents. It should be borne in mind that the injection itself is quite painful for the baby, there is a risk of developing adverse reactions - everyone knows about this, but, nevertheless, it is necessary to be vaccinated. There is no special preparation, the main thing is for parents to remain calm, lead a healthy lifestyle for the whole family.

Do's and don'ts before vaccination:

Introduce new foods into the diet, also avoid "products-provocateurs" of allergic reactions.
Actively visit crowded places in order to minimize the risk of viral respiratory diseases on the eve of vaccination.
After antibiotic therapy, it is necessary to undergo treatment for dysbacteriosis a few weeks before vaccination.

Avoid people with symptoms of a cold, even if it is one of the family members (it is better to temporarily isolate the patient in a separate room).
Immediately before the vaccination, it is advisable to send someone to take a queue at the clinic, and take a walk with the child on the street. It is not necessary for the baby to sit in the general queue to the family doctor next to sick people.

It is natural to ask what vaccine and under what circumstances to vaccinate? When preparing for immunization, you should pay attention to the instructions for the drug with which it is planned to immunize the baby. If you decide to get vaccinated in a private clinic, you need to find out which medical institutions offer the service you need, how much it costs.

How is an injection made?

The MMR vaccine allows you to instill three diseases at once with one shot: measles, rubella, mumps. This saves time and nerves of the baby, relieving him of the need for additional vaccinations.

The injection should be done in the upper part of the thigh, intramuscularly (upper third of the leg surface). A one-year-old child should be held firmly in the arms of one of the parents so that he cannot pull his leg at the time of the injection. Parents need to be aware that by the year the baby knows what lies ahead and will break out with all his might. It is not necessary to administer the vaccine quickly. A sudden injection of the drug creates additional pain.

After the child is given an injection, the injection site should be lightly massaged in a circular motion, without rubbing or pressing hard on the injection site.

What to do if side effects appear?

You can notice a baby's allergy to the MMR vaccine instantly or 30 minutes after the injection. In general, an allergic reaction in children to a vaccine is rare. It is necessary during this time to stay near a medical institution, after half an hour to show the injection site to the doctor and calmly go home. This is about allergies.

Other adverse reactions also require medical attention. Helping babies is usually symptomatic. With the development of an allergic reaction, antihistamines are administered, with hyperthermia, therapy is carried out with antipyretics.

Severe adverse reactions such as inflammation of the lymph nodes, parotid, cervical glands, measles rash require the attention of health workers. It is possible that the mother together with the child will be offered to stay under observation in the hospital for a couple of days.

If a child has a serious condition, a temperature above 38.5 that cannot be knocked down on their own for 2-3 hours, plus a rash and swelling on the neck, you should seek emergency medical help or contact your doctor by phone.

Measles, mumps, rubella are three typical childhood infections that are viral in nature, which means they are extremely contagious. Vaccination against these diseases, made in a timely manner and in compliance with sanitary rules, guarantees against infection in 99 out of 100 cases. If, after immunization, infection occurs, then the disease will proceed in a mild form, with erased symptoms and without complications.

The pharmaceutical industry offers a wide range of vaccines. Some doctors recommend a domestic divaccine (against 2 viruses: measles and mumps), others - an imported one, from three components (MMR). Each has its own merits and demerits. Regardless of which vaccine is preferred, the first MMR immunization is given at 1 year of age. Further - following the national calendar.

The epidemiology of these diseases suggests that only a person can be the source of infection, so mass immunization is the only effective way to prevent the spread of infection. And possible reactions to protection against these viruses should not be a reason for not immunizing.

At what age should a child be vaccinated

In order to know at what age a child needs to be given certain vaccinations, parents should familiarize themselves with the vaccination calendar. In accordance with it, vaccination against measles, rubella and mumps is done three times: at 1 year, then at 6 and at 16-17 years. There are no differences in the timing of the vaccination schedule for girls and boys.

The need for repeated administration of the MMR vaccine (measles, rubella, mumps) is due to the fact that sometimes after the first vaccination, children do not develop a strong immunity to these infections.

Another reason for revaccination is the duration of acquired immunity. It weakens over time. Therefore, adults need to follow the vaccination calendar so as not to miss the next vaccination.

In adolescence, there are reasons for revaccination:

women who will have children in the next 10 years should be vaccinated due to the fact that intrauterine infection with rubella or mumps during pregnancy poses a threat to the life of the fetus;
Revaccination in adolescence is necessary for young men due to the fact that infertility can be a complication of mumps.

If a child has not been vaccinated for various reasons, he is vaccinated against measles, rubella, mumps at the age of 13. Then, after 10 years, revaccination is carried out.

Doctors do not recommend combining vaccinations against tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, polio with MMR vaccination. It is better that a month has passed since the vaccination. The second vaccination can be carried out after this period has passed. In the video, conversations with the doctor about vaccination:

How to prepare for vaccination

To be vaccinated with the MMR vaccine (measles, rubella, mumps), healthy children or adults do not need any special preparation. The main thing is that the person is healthy for two weeks before and on the day of vaccination. It is recommended to do tests before vaccination. A general blood test will provide information about whether there is any inflammatory process in the body.

Preparation for vaccination of special groups of patients requires special measures. Children with a history of allergic reactions are given antihistamines 3 days before vaccination.

For the period of possible vaccine reactions (2 weeks), children with various lesions of the nervous system or chronic diseases are given therapy to prevent the exacerbation of these pathologies.

For children with frequent respiratory infections, general strengthening therapy is recommended 3 days before vaccination and for two weeks after it.

During the vaccination period and after it, contact with people who have signs of infections and look contagious should be avoided. You can walk, but for this you need to choose sparsely populated places. You should not start visiting preschool institutions for the first time after vaccination for at least a week. If any signs of a respiratory infection appear on the eve of vaccination, it will have to be abandoned.

Contraindications

Speaking about the measles + rubella + mumps vaccination, doctor E. O. Komarovsky advises not to disregard contraindications for immunization. They are divided into temporary and permanent. Temporary ones include:

Periods of exacerbation of somatic diseases before their transition into stable remission.
Pregnancy, this is especially important for those women who have never had rubella, they should be vaccinated against mumps, measles and rubella at the planning stage of pregnancy.
Blood transfusion or administration of blood products.
Vaccination is delayed for 5-6 weeks if a tuberculosis vaccine has been administered or a mantoux test has been taken.
A sick baby should not be vaccinated with measles + rubella + mumps, the reaction to it can be unpredictable. If there are signs, symptoms of an illness, or blood test results that indicate that an inflammatory process is developing in the body, the vaccination should be rescheduled. During periods of illness, neither adults nor children can be vaccinated.

Permanent contraindications for MMR vaccination include:

allergy to antibiotics Gentamicin, Neomycin, Kanamycin;
allergy to egg protein (chicken and quail);
the presence in the anamnesis of anaphylactic reactions in the form of shock or Quincke's edema;
oncological diseases;
severe reaction to a previously administered vaccine;
decreased level of platelets in the blood test;
HIV infection;
transferred organ transplant.

Which vaccine is best

Parents who are about to vaccinate their children often ask which vaccine is better: domestic (the name of the vaccine is divaccine) or imported.

The Priorix vaccine is widely used. This is an imported vaccine (manufacturer - Belgium), multicomponent, contains strains of the measles, rubella and mumps virus. Priorix fully complies with the standards and requirements for WHO vaccines, has proven itself well in Europe, where this drug has been used for vaccinations for children for a long time.

According to the instructions, after vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps, immunity to these viruses is formed in 96-98% of cases.

The essential difference between the domestic measles vaccine and Priorix is that the imported vaccine is based on chicken eggs, while the domestic vaccine is based on quail eggs. For children who are allergic to chicken protein, Priorix is contraindicated, the domestic vaccine is suitable for them.

When vaccinated with Priorix, you can make an injection in different parts of the body (under the shoulder blade, in the thigh, in the arm). Many prefer an imported vaccine, since only one injection is required in order to get vaccinated against three viruses at once. When it comes to one-year-old children, doctors often recommend it. And when vaccinated with a domestic drug, the injection is done twice.

Both domestic and imported vaccines contain live viruses, so they are equally tolerated. For both, the instructions say that reactions from different body systems can be observed within 42 days from the moment of vaccination.

Vaccines have many types and varieties, the types of virus strains in the preparation determine its characteristics. When choosing a vaccine, parents, together with the doctor, should decide on the one that is most suitable for the child, taking into account the characteristics of his health.

What not to do after vaccination

Parents of children who have received the measles + mumps + rubella vaccine should refrain from introducing foods that the child has not tried before into the diet for a week. The same should be done for the mother if the child is breastfed. Since in case of allergic reactions it will be difficult to figure out what the reaction is to the vaccine or to the product.

If redness or swelling occurs at the injection site, it is not recommended to warm the affected area. On the day when the vaccination was given, you can not swim and wet the injection site.

The social circle of a child who has been vaccinated with MMR should be limited, especially during seasonal epidemiological outbreaks. It is impossible for a child to communicate, contact with people who have visual signs of infection with a respiratory disease. It is better to spend a few days at home after vaccination. If there is no temperature, then you can walk, while avoiding crowded places.

These rules must be observed regardless of whether a multicomponent MMR vaccine has been given or a divaccine (for measles and mumps): these vaccinations are equally tolerated.

How is the measles, rubella and mumps vaccine tolerated?

Parents who are about to have their child vaccinated are interested in how their children tolerate the measles + rubella + mumps vaccine. In most children, neither multicomponent nor monovaccines cause post-vaccination reactions.

In 10% of children, a local reaction may develop at the injection site in the form of a slight swelling or redness, which disappears in 1-2 days.

The most severely tolerated is the measles virus, and the reaction to it occurs in 10-15% of children. Starting from 4-5 days and 13-14 days after vaccination, reactions may occur, which are manifested by high fever (up to 40 degrees), runny nose. There may be a slight cough.

A reaction to the rubella virus may appear 10-14 days after vaccination. It is expressed in the form of skin rashes (most often the rash is localized on the back).

Regardless of whether a divaccine or a multicomponent vaccine was used, mumps rarely gives post-vaccination reactions. They are manifested by fever, redness of the throat, runny nose, inflammation of the place where they were vaccinated. Rarely, there may be an increase in the parotid salivary glands.

In adults, the consequences of revaccination can manifest themselves in joint pain.

The occurrence of these reactions is not a pathology, but it is necessary to consult a doctor if these symptoms appear on the 4th-5th day and persist after two weeks (for example, the temperature rises regularly), and also if they first appeared after two weeks. Since this may mean that the child is sick and these symptoms have nothing to do with vaccination.

Possible complications and side effects

Severe complications after vaccination with measles + rubella + mumps are quite rare. They can be:

anaphylactic shock;
serous aseptic meningitis;
pneumonia;
encephalitis;
toxic shock syndrome;
glomerulonephritis.

Vaccine-associated diseases (resulting from the introduction of live viruses) are the most severe and at the same time the most rare complications of vaccination. Post-vaccination measles encephalitis (a reaction to a measles vaccine) occurs in 1 case per million. The vaccine-associated disease caused by mumps vaccination is serous meningitis, which occurs at a rate of 1 case per 100,000 vaccinated.

After analyzing the reviews of reactions after vaccination with measles + rubella + mumps, you can see that such severe consequences of vaccination develop extremely rarely. Much more often we are talking about side effects, such as allergic reactions, the appearance of skin rashes, redness and discomfort at the injection site, fever after measles + rubella + mumps vaccination.

Some believe that in addition to side effects, MMR vaccination can provoke disturbances in the psycho-emotional development of the child, delayed speech development, etc. But these statements have not been proven scientifically and medically.

pharmachologic effect

The imported vaccine (Priorix) was created from live strains of the pathogens of these viruses. The cultivation of strains is carried out on the cells of chicken embryos. After vaccination, the formation of immunity against measles occurs in 98% of cases, against the mumps virus - in 96% of cases, against the rubella pathogen - in 99%.

Domestic vaccination (against mumps and measles) also contains live attenuated measles and mumps viruses, the vaccine retains its effect for 10-11 years.

Some degree of protection against these diseases can be given to non-immune persons by vaccination with measles + rubella + mumps, and the vaccine must be given within 72 hours after their contact with the patient.

When are mumps vaccinations given?

The measles + rubella + mumps vaccination is included in the list of mandatory preventive vaccinations, in accordance with the National Immunization Schedule. Immunization within the framework of this calendar is carried out with vaccines of domestic and imported production, registered in accordance with the law and approved for use.

The first vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps is done at 12 months. The second vaccination (the first revaccination) should be done at 6-7 years of age. The second revaccination is done at the age of 15-17, while mumps vaccinations are important for boys, and girls, as expectant mothers, need to acquire immunity to rubella.

The vaccination schedule is followed regardless of whether immunization is carried out with a multicomponent vaccine or a monovaccine. If a measles and mumps vaccine is given without rubella, the rubella single vaccine can be given on the same day.

Hello again, my dear readers! Today we will talk about what should be instilled in our children from a very early age. Politeness, accuracy, ability to empathize, respect for elders? Undoubtedly. But in addition to moral values, there is another one - health. And it is necessary to support it not only with constant prevention, but also with medication.

I know that among you there are probably ardent opponents of vaccinations. We will also devote one of the topics to the rejection of them. I’ll make a reservation right away, I myself am one of the mothers who undergo all mandatory vaccinations with their children strictly according to the schedule. However, I am loyal to those who are categorically against it. How many people, so many opinions.

I will try to explain why vaccinations are still important and necessary, we will be especially interested in revaccination: measles, rubella, mumps, at 6 years old.

What kind of "beast" is a pig

To begin with, let's remember what these diseases are, how they are transmitted and manifested in children.

Measles. A viral disease that is easily transmitted by coughing, sneezing, that is, by airborne droplets. You can recognize it by the following signs: runny nose, cough, general malaise, fever, and most importantly - a rash all over the body. The measles virus is very tenacious and all-pervading. He is able to overcome long distances, and if he got into the body, then, most likely, he will soon manifest himself.

Rubella. The route of infection is the same. Usually, symptoms begin to appear on the 10-11th day: fever, headache, swollen lymph nodes, rash in the form of small spots. Children carry the disease quite easily.

Mumps. The people are pigs. The face of the sick person, indeed, is more reminiscent of the muzzle of this animal: it is rounded, the salivary glands (submandibular and parotid) swell. The mumps virus is not so tenacious, and you can get infected only if you have direct contact with the patient. The general condition worsens, the temperature rises, then the salivary glands increase. It becomes painful and difficult for the patient to chew and swallow food. Complications of parotitis are quite dangerous for the reproductive system: in boys and men, inflammation of the testicles occurs, in girls - the ovaries, which can lead to infertility.

One injection is not enough

Unfortunately, universal pills for these three diseases have not yet been invented, so immunization remains the only way to deal with them to this day. One vaccine is enough to counter three dangerous viruses at once. However, they don't do it once.

The first vaccination falls on 1-1.5 years, it is done in the thigh. The second, in accordance with the national vaccination calendar - for 6-7 years, is done in the forearm. If you failed to meet the deadlines, it is important to go to the hospital as soon as possible and get vaccinated. Growing up, the child communicates with more and more people, in kindergarten, school, on the street, in the sports section, and each of the interlocutors can be a potential carrier of the virus.

By the way, dear mothers, were you vaccinated as a child? If not, then grab a medical policy and run to the clinic. If you get sick, you will not be seriously healthy. Excuse the pun, but the complications of measles and mumps in adulthood are very hard to bear.

So, we figured out when and where the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine is given.

"Reactive" consequences

Now about how such a “triple” impact of the vaccine is tolerated. You need to be prepared for the fact that the reaction will be significant and resemble a disease in its milder and slightly accelerated version. However, vaccination is the introduction of a virus into the body in a microscopic dose, so that antibodies are developed and a real infection cannot get through and harm.

Most children and adults tolerate the MMR vaccine quite well, but some may experience:

Temperature (on the 6-12th day after administration, an increase to 39 degrees and above is possible; usually lasts up to 2-5 days with concomitant symptoms: chills, aches. If the fever is significant, then you can bring it down).
Rash (quite rare, may appear as red spots on the body and limbs 7-10 days after vaccination).
Enlargement of lymph nodes (as a rule, they increase throughout the body, in the majority of those vaccinated. This does not pose a danger).
Pain in the joints (usually observed in children and women; discomfort and pain are concentrated in the area of \u200b\u200bthe hands, fingers)
Pain and numbness at the injection site (the “button” thickens and causes some anxiety, but such a reaction of the body to the vaccine is completely normal; sometimes the vaccination site makes itself felt for several weeks).
Swelling and pain in the scrotum. (sometimes boys and men have just such a reaction. After a while, pain and swelling go away without affecting reproductive function in any way).

How to avoid complications

Renowned pediatrician Dr. Komarovsky urges not to confuse the normal reaction to the vaccine and the side effects of it. Some vaccines are easier to tolerate, others more difficult. After a CCP, complications are rare, but complications do occur. Here is some of them:

Allergy (edema, redness). Associated with the content of the antibiotic in the vaccine and the residual protein on which it was grown. It can go away on its own, but sometimes it requires treating the swollen area with ointments (troxevasin) or taking antihistamines.
Seizures. Appear against the background of high temperature for 6-11 days after the injection. It is possible to alleviate the condition of the child with antipyretics, if it worsens, it is better to see a neurologist. The doctor must make sure that there is no damage to the organic nervous system.
Diseases on the background of drug administration. They are quite rare, but it is better to know about them. Serous meningitis (non-purulent inflammation of the membranes of the brain) may develop due to the anti-mumps component of the vaccine. Measles post-vaccination encephalitis (damage to brain tissue, more often in children with immunodeficiency).

To avoid sad consequences, it is important to know when it is better to postpone or refuse the MMR vaccine (and many others) altogether. Every mother should know these contraindications by heart:

severe weakening of the immune system, immunodeficiency;
severe allergies after previous vaccinations;
serious pathologies and chronic diseases.

Sometimes, if the baby has a banal runny nose and cough, the doctor advises first to be cured, and only then to be vaccinated. In general, reviews of the triple action vaccine are quite good. Complications, as a rule, do not happen. A child vaccinated on time acquires strong immunity against mumps, rubella and measles.

Childhood diseases such as rubella, measles, parotitis are considered quite common. However, these pathologies are not so safe for babies who have not been vaccinated on time. After all, each such ailment is insidious in its own way and can lead to serious consequences. Vaccination a year allows you to protect your baby from possible complications. However, until today, many parents doubt its expediency. After all, on the one hand, they fear that if the vaccine is not given in a year, then the baby is in serious danger in the future. On the other hand, there is a fear that the baby will not tolerate the vaccination.

Why is vaccination needed?

Doctors do not get tired of repeating that one injection can save the baby from many pathologies. The great advantage of vaccination is that such a preventive measure can protect the baby from ailments that are no longer even remembered.

The baby is born with passive innate immunity. If the baby is breastfed, then the immature body receives maternal antibodies. This makes his immune system stronger. To increase the protective forces allows hardening and good nutrition.

However, such measures are not enough. After all, the baby also needs acquired immunity. It is a necessary addition to the natural. It can only be obtained through vaccination. That is why vaccination at 1 year must be done. After all, acquired immunity cannot be obtained by other methods.

Do you need a yearly vaccination? Measles, rubella, parotitis are diseases that are rare today. To make a choice, we will consider separately each ailment and the consequences to which they can lead. Indeed, without vaccination, no child can be protected from serious pathologies.

Measles is a disease with consequences

The viral infection is airborne. A baby can become infected from a sneezing, coughing or just talking person. In this case, the measles virus is able to spread over large areas.

The disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

hyperthermia (above 39 ° C);
cough;
runny nose;
serious condition;
conjunctivitis;
the appearance of a rash.

The infection is highly contagious. When in contact with a sick child, the probability of catching the disease is 95-96%.

In infants under one year old, measles is extremely rare. After all, maternal antibodies protect the baby. But after 9-12 months they disappear from the body of the baby. And the child becomes defenseless against a serious illness. To protect the baby from the disease, a vaccine is prescribed at 1 year.

Toddlers who have not received such vaccinations are at serious risk, not only in childhood. They can become infected as adults. During such a period, the disease is much more difficult to tolerate and often leaves behind a bunch of complications.

Among them:

pneumonia;
otitis;
convulsions as a result of hyperthermia;
blood diseases;
temporary state of immunodeficiency.

A weakened body can become easy prey for any viral ailments. Therefore, think carefully before refusing to vaccinate. After all, vaccinating a child at 1 year old is simply vital.

Why is rubella dangerous?

This is another viral disease transmitted by air. Babies carry the disease in a mild or moderate form.

The main symptoms of the disease are:

high temperature (about 38 ° C);
general malaise;
headache;
an increase in lymph nodes in the neck and ears;
conjunctivitis (only sometimes);
small rash (initially occurs on the sides of the body, arms, legs).

The disease rarely causes complications. In some cases, encephalitis may develop. Pathology is extremely dangerous for pregnant women. After all, this infection causes damage to all tissues of the fetus. A child who has not been vaccinated in a year can be a serious threat to a woman who is expecting a baby. In addition, it is dangerous for a grown girl. After all, becoming pregnant, she will not be protected from serious pathology.

Parotitis

The disease is popularly known as mumps. An airborne viral infection that affects the parotid and submandibular salivary glands. They swell considerably and lead to puffiness of the face.

The course of the disease is accompanied by symptoms:

low temperature;
weakness, malaise;
glandular enlargement;
discomfort when swallowing.

Parotitis is very dangerous with possible consequences.

An unvaccinated child may experience the following complications:

pancreatitis;
orchitis in boys (inflammation of the testicles, which often leads to infertility);
meningitis, meningoencephalitis;
oophoritis in girls (damage to the ovaries, as a result of which a woman may remain childless);
fatal outcome.

Such situations can be avoided if the baby is vaccinated at 1 year old. Measles, rubella, mumps - ailments that do not have antiviral treatment. Therefore, the only way to protect against them is vaccination.

Post-immunization symptoms

Babies are quite easily tolerated by vaccination per year (measles, rubella, mumps). A reaction to vaccination is observed in a small number of children. According to statistics, only 10-15% of babies experience minor post-immunization symptoms. Parents should be prepared for the manifestations that are sometimes provoked by vaccination per year.

The body's response to vaccination may be as follows:

Elevated temperature. In babies, some time after vaccination, hyperthermia may occur. Sometimes the thermometer rises even to 39 ° C. Such symptoms can appear within 6-12 days after vaccination. As a rule, the fever lasts 1-2 days. For some babies, it can take up to 5 days. Often hyperthermia is accompanied by cough, runny nose, weakness, redness of the throat, body aches. If the child does not tolerate such a condition very well, the pediatrician will recommend giving him an antipyretic medicine: Ibuprofen, Paracetamol.
Allergic reaction. It appears as a rash. It should be noted that such manifestations are rare. A rash in the form of red spots covers the face, neck, hands. It can also spread to other parts of the body. Such an allergic reaction does not create a threat to the baby. The rash goes away on its own after a few days. Without causing the child much discomfort, it does not leave any traces behind.
Enlarged lymph nodes. This is a common symptom that occurs in a baby who has been vaccinated at the age of one. The reaction to the vaccine does not pose a threat to the health of a small patient. Some children have swollen lymph nodes throughout their body. Symptoms persist for several days. Then, just like the rest of the manifestations, it disappears without a trace.
Pain and swelling at the injection site. The baby may be disturbed by the area of \u200b\u200bthe body into which the injection was made. Sometimes there is a slight swelling, thickening of the tissue. Pain or numbness may occur at the injection site. These symptoms are not terrible. After a few days, it passes.
Boys reaction. There may be pain and discomfort in the testicles. At the same time, they visually swell and look swollen. Such symptoms can cause discomfort to the baby. However, it does not pose a threat to life or reproductive function. A similar manifestation passes in a couple of days on its own.

Possible Complications

After vaccination, it is very important to monitor the well-being of the crumbs. If the child has drowsiness, a slight increase in temperature, or a slight malaise, this is a normal reaction.

It is recommended to sit in the clinic for 30 minutes after vaccination. At home, you should take your temperature several times. If it starts to rise, then the baby needs to be given an antipyretic, because in some crumbs the temperature can rise very quickly. Be sure to tell your pediatrician about any manifestations.

Serious complications are extremely rare.

Sometimes a baby may experience:

Allergy. A characteristic symptomatology is swelling and redness at the injection site (more than 8 cm in diameter). The pediatrician will prescribe an ointment that improves blood circulation ("Troxevasin"). For severe swelling, oral antihistamines may be recommended.
neurological pathologies. Febrile seizures may occur after vaccination. Such symptoms appear only against the background of high temperature. That is why it is recommended not to allow high rates and to give the baby an antipyretic medicine in a timely manner. It is best to use medicines based on paracetamol.

Contraindications to vaccination

Before the vaccination is given a year, the pediatrician must examine the child.

Vaccination may be temporarily delayed if the baby is diagnosed with:

anemia (hemoglobin below 84 g/l);
colds, infectious diseases;
recent illnesses;
mild runny nose.

Absolute contraindications to this vaccination are:

weakened immunity (primary immunodeficiency, AIDS);
allergy to vaccine components - Quincke's edema, anaphylactic shock.

Immunization calendar

Parents should understand that not only the above pathologies are vaccinated.

To determine which vaccinations a child is recommended for a year, you need to familiarize yourself with a special calendar compiled by leading doctors:

1 day - the first vaccination against hepatitis;
from 3 to 7 days - vaccination against tuberculosis;
1 month - the second vaccination against hepatitis;
3 months - the first vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus (DPT) and polio;
4.5 months - the second vaccination with DTP + polio;
6 months - the third vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, polio;
1 year - the first revaccination of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella);
1.5 years - the first revaccination against tetanus, whooping cough, diphtheria, poliomyelitis;
20 months - the second revaccination against polio.

Brief description of vaccinations

BCG. It's a tuberculosis vaccine. She is one of the first to be made. The baby is vaccinated even in the hospital, since such an infection can very easily enter the body. For infection it is not necessary to have close contact with the patient. Vaccination reduces the risk of infection by almost 15 times. The injection is made in the left shoulder. After a couple of months, a small seal will appear at the injection site. BCG vaccination per year will leave a mark in the form of a neat scar. This is a guarantee that the baby's body has the necessary protection against a serious illness - tuberculosis. The injection site is strictly forbidden to lubricate with antiseptics (brilliant green, iodine). It is recommended to refrain from bath procedures on the day of vaccination.
DTP. Such vaccination is repeated, according to the accepted calendar, three times. In addition, the DPT vaccination is once again prescribed per year and 6 months. Such vaccination protects the baby from three extremely unpleasant ailments: tetanus, whooping cough, diphtheria. After it, all babies develop immunity. This vaccine protects the child from diphtheria for 5 years. It provides protection against whooping cough for 5 to 7 years. Eliminates the risk of tetanus for 10 years. Within 14 days after vaccination, it is recommended to limit the contact of the baby with others.
Hepatitis B. Such a virus can be transmitted through blood, urine, saliva. It is not easy to provide protection in the baby's body. Therefore, doctors carry out the first vaccination in the maternity hospital, when the newborn is not yet 12 hours old. The procedure is repeated at 1 month and at 6. It is recommended not to deviate from such a schedule, since the effectiveness of vaccination may be significantly reduced. Babies tolerate this vaccine much easier than other injections.
Polio. The virus is enteric. It is transmitted mainly through secretions. In rare cases, infection can occur through the air. It is extremely important to protect your baby from polio. After all, the disease can lead to paralysis. In addition, despite the fact that pathology is rare, a live strain of the virus still lives in nature.

The opinion of parents and doctors

According to statistics, vaccination per year (measles, rubella, mumps) is quite easily tolerated by children. The reaction, reviews of doctors and parents fully confirm this, it is insignificant. Very few children experience complications.

Doctors urge parents not to refuse mandatory vaccinations. Their opinion is supported by facts. A few years ago, parents avoided vaccinations by deliberately refusing to be vaccinated. This led to the fact that many children had a weakened immune system. As a result, an epidemic outbreak began. Statistics even cite deaths.

It is extremely rare for today's parents to refuse vaccination. Many of them, having heard about possible complications, are very worried and afraid of vaccination. But still bring their crumbs to the mandatory vaccination. At the same time, it is they who later claim that the injection was quite successful. Sometimes there is a slight increase in temperature, a slight runny nose.

Worth thinking

Parents who refuse vaccination need to clearly understand that they are responsible for the future of their baby. After all, it depends only on their decision how strong and healthy the baby will grow. Faced with a serious illness, it is extremely difficult to resist it. And you can provide protection from illness and serious consequences with one injection.