CT scan of the temporal bones - what shows in case of otitis, tumor, cholesteatoma. MRI of the temporal bones How to do a CT scan of the temporal bones

CT scan of the temporal bones: what does it show?

The result of the radiologist’s work is clear images that show the structure of all structures of the ear and temporal bones. A CT scan of the temporal bone pyramid also allows you to study the adjacent soft tissues, so you can obtain the necessary information and make the correct diagnosis. If we are talking about images that were obtained using a contrast agent during the study, it will also be possible to examine the meninges, temporal lobes, walls of the orbits and much more.

Using tomography, it will also be possible to plan a surgical intervention, and based on its results, evaluate the effectiveness. After the patient receives the images and report from the radiologist, he should go to his primary care physician.

Preparation for the procedure

The procedure requires a minimum of preparation. When identifying pathologies in the area of ​​the temporal bones, CT is usually performed without a contrast agent. In this case, it will be enough to visit a diagnostic center and remove all metal-containing elements from yourself.

If the use of contrast is prescribed, special tests must be taken. This will eliminate the possibility of allergic reactions to the drug. In this case, you should not eat for 6 hours before a CT scan; this will minimize side effects from the contrast agent.

How is a CT scan of the temporal bones performed?

If you don’t know how it goes, what this study shows and what you need to be prepared for, you should know that tomography does not cause any discomfort. This study does not require surgical intervention in the body. All you need to do is change into medical clothes, remove all jewelry and put aside accessories and gadgets. After this, the patient lies down on the movable table of the device. Parts of the body that will not be examined are covered with a special apron to reflect excess radiation. Then the table slides into the tomograph ring and the examination begins, which lasts 5-20 minutes, depending on whether contrast was used (the examination takes longer with it).

When is contrast needed?

The contrast agent is used quite rarely, this is justified by the fact that a CT scan of the temporal bones shows a more than complete picture. Doctors usually decide to administer contrast before a CT scan if there is a suspicion of cancer.

The contrast agent accumulates in the area of ​​neoplasms and other tissues where pathological processes take place. This substance allows you to examine their structure in detail, as well as assess the condition of the vessels through which the contrast will pass, which provides additional information about the patient’s condition.

Contraindications for CT scanning of the temporal bones

CT scans show pathologies of the temporal bones; the procedure is safe and does not cause discomfort, but there are still a number of limitations to its use. As a rule, tomography is not prescribed for children under 14 years of age, since the effect of X-ray radiation on a growing organism is much stronger than on an adult. In some cases, the attending physician decides to prescribe a CT scan even for children under 14 years of age, since the benefits of the procedure will outweigh the possible risks.

Pregnancy is an absolute contraindication, as there is a risk of disturbances in the development of the fetus due to X-ray exposure. Nursing mothers should not breastfeed their baby for about 2 days after undergoing a CT scan. The examination also becomes impossible if the patient suffers from hyperkinesis (involuntary movements) of the head. In this case, it is impossible to obtain clear images, and the study will not bring results.

The use of contrast has even more contraindications, for example, diseases of the endocrine system, renal failure and severe patient conditions, which include shock or coma. In these cases, a sharp deterioration in well-being is possible, since the contrast gives a large load, and there is a threat to the patient’s life.

How often can a CT scan of the temporal bones be done?

It is not recommended to study the anatomy of the pyramid of the temporal bone on CT more than once a year. If we are talking about emergency situations, the procedure can be prescribed up to 3 times a year with an interval of at least 4 weeks. It will also be necessary to evaluate radiation exposure from other studies so that the diagnosis does not lead to deterioration of health and illness.

CT interpretation

The interpretation is carried out by a radiologist who will draw up a conclusion based on the results of the CT scan. This takes up to half an hour, after which the results are given to the patient. In difficult cases, other specialists, for example, a neurologist, may be involved in the decoding process.

The human skeleton has a complex structure. The temporal bone is no exception. This is a rather complex paired formation, which is entrusted with the function of protecting the vestibular apparatus and the inner ear. Each of the two bones is connected to a movable jaw bone. This bone is a support for the masticatory apparatus. It has a very interesting structure.

MRI diagnostician

Head of the department, Doctor of Medical Sciences.

It is formed by three parts, and each of them performs its own function and has a structure distinguishable from the neighboring part. Arteries and nerves connect to the bone. The temporal bone is very important for the body. Even the slightest damage to it can have dire consequences.

This part of the head contains very important areas. Any change in shape or bone structure invariably affects the vessels passing through this area. The blood flowing through them nourishes the brain, organs of hearing and vision. Therefore, any deviation from the norm can lead to serious illnesses.

A particularly serious threat arises when the cellular structures of the mastoid process become inflamed. As in any other part of the body, neoplasms can arise here, which pose a serious danger to the body, since they are very close to the brain. In addition, tumors can change the shape of the ear canal.

It is impossible to diagnose pathology through a simple examination. Taking x-rays means exposing important areas to radiation. Therefore, CT scan of the temporal bones is the only way to conduct an examination without causing damage to important parts of the brain.

Computed tomography is necessary when:

1. There is a sharp deterioration in hearing and vision for an unknown reason;
2. For pain in the middle ear of unknown etiology;
3. When there is discharge from the ears;
4. For injuries localized to the temporal region;
5. When problems arise when chewing associated with impaired mobility of the jaw bone;
6. If the patient is preparing for surgery and it is necessary to clearly imagine the picture of this area. Or as a control in the postoperative period.

Purpose of diagnostic examination

The purpose of this procedure is to use the latest technology to determine the general condition of the outer, middle and inner ear and other parts. The result is an accurate computer projection of the area of ​​interest. A prerequisite for the procedure is the complete absence of metal objects that can affect the reliability of the result obtained.

Advantages of this method

Computed tomography is the fastest, easiest way to identify most diseases characteristic of this part of the body. In terms of information content, this method has no equal. In some cases, literally seconds separate you from the border separating life and death.

CT allows you to almost instantly conduct an examination and establish a diagnosis, and urgently prescribe treatment. It is very important that no damage occurs with this examination method. The proximity of the area to the brain requires quick action for any signs of pathology.

Since the brain is very vulnerable and its treatment is associated with great difficulties. From this we can conclude that this type of examination is important in identifying diseases.

MRI and CT of the temporal bones - comparative characteristics

MRI of the temporal bones is similar in effectiveness to CT; the examination method is used only when it is necessary to monitor changes in this area.

Diseases that can be detected by computed tomography:

• inflammatory diseases of a chronic or acute nature, including otitis media;
• injuries located in the area of ​​the temporal bone, accompanied by damage to bone and soft tissue;
• neoplasms of any etiology;
• various degenerative changes

CT and MRI of the temporal bones are not entirely equivalent examination methods. The thing is that the final results may turn out different, since it allows you to clearly see soft tissues and poorly reflects the processes occurring in the bones. Therefore, a CT scan for this area would be preferable.

The choice is more justified, since MRI is associated with the behavior of hydrogen atoms. But there are practically no solutions in the bones, and especially no water. Therefore, the information obtained in this way may not be entirely reliable. If it is necessary to examine the surrounding soft tissues, MRI can be used.

Contraindications for CT scanning in this area

Using CT several times on one area is not recommended. Although the dose of X-ray radiation received during the examination is small, the proximity of the brain does not allow it to exceed the norm even slightly. Despite the harmlessness of the diagnostic method used, there is a list of conditions when this study cannot be performed.

This list includes:

1. Pregnancy;
2. If the patient's age does not exceed 14 years;
3. In cases where a person is overweight;
4. This list of absolute prohibitions.

In some cases, the decision on the advisability of an examination is given to the doctor:

• if you are allergic to a contrast agent;
• renal failure;
• diabetes mellitus;
• during lactation.

Here the choice remains with the attending physician, who, based on the condition of the patients, makes the final decision. If the option is positive, the procedure takes place without the use of a contrast agent.

Computed tomography of the temporal bones in Moscow

Computed tomography is one of the most popular diagnostic areas, including computed tomography of the temporal bones. Many medical centers work in this area of ​​medicine. And since Moscow is a city with a large population, the demand for this procedure is several times higher than in other cities of the country. Prices in the city vary greatly and depend on the type of property of the medical institution and its equipment.

You can get tested at minimal prices in:

1. "Health Clinic" near the Kitay-Gorod metro station. Price: without the use of contrast agent - 4000 rubles;
2. "Ramsey Diagnostic Center" on Krasnoproletarskaya Street. Price: without the use of contrast agent - 4000 rubles, with contrast -7500 rubles;
3. "Treatment and diagnostic center PATERO Clinic" on Mira Avenue. Price: without the use of a contrast agent - 5,000 rubles, with contrast: 11,000 rubles;
4. "Capital Medical Center" in Khamovniki. Price: with contrast: 10,100 rub.

The cost of the examination depends entirely on the number of sections that will be made; the more there are, the more accurate the diagnosis, and the more expensive you will have to pay for the procedure. The vast majority of clinics use the following installations:

• Optima CT660, General Electric (USA) - 64 slices.
• SOMATOM Emotion 16, Siemens (Germany) - 16 slices.
• SOMATOM Definition Flash, Siemens (Germany) - 2 pipes of 68 slices each.

The capabilities of each are different. Therefore, before making an appointment, you should check with your doctor which option is more appropriate in your situation. And even better - get a consultation right on the spot in the center. There are no queues for CT scans of the temporal bone in Moscow and you can visit the selected center at any convenient time.

The temporal bone of the human skull is a complex bone formation in pairs. This bone structure has a complex shape and an equally complex internal relief. In addition to the fact that the temporal bones are the load-bearing parts of the skull, parts of the hearing aid are attached to them and protect the vestibular apparatus and inner ear.

The bone serves as a support for the masticatory apparatus - it is articulated with the movable part of the jaw. In its structure, it consists of three parts, each of which performs its own functions and is somewhat different in tissue structure from its neighbors. Arteries and nerve fibers are adjacent to the inside of the temporal bone. The role of the temporal bone is very important, so damage to it invariably leads to damage to the inner part of the head, which is replete with vital organs.

Any change in the structure or shape of the temporal bone affects the circulatory system that supplies the brain, either the organs of hearing and vision, or directly to the brain. The same danger comes from inflammation of the cellular structures of the mastoid process of the bone (one of its constituent parts), neoplasms on the inside of the bone, and changes in the external auditory canal.

Computed tomography of the temporal bones is used for the following indications:

• Deterioration of hearing or vision of unknown origin;
• Pain in the middle ear;
• Discharge from the ears;
• Traumatic lesions of the temporal part of the head;
• Problems with jaw movement;
• Preparation for surgery and monitoring the postoperative condition.

For long-term treatment, along with computed multislice tomography, MRI of the temporal bones is widely used. MRI is also preferable if there is a need for frequent monitoring of the patient's condition.

What does CT and MRI of the temporal bone show?

• Otitis and other inflammatory diseases of a chronic and acute nature;
• Traumatic injuries to bone and soft tissues of the temporal region;
• Abscesses and other infectious lesions;
• Tumors of various types;
• Otosclerotic and other degenerative phenomena;

When contrasting images, neoplasms of various types and metastases from other organs are very well localized. A feature of tumors is a well-branched circulatory microsystem, which differs in structure from the vascular network of surrounding tissues. In the presence of a contrast liquid that is injected into a vein, these vessels are clearly visible, and it becomes possible not only to visually identify the tumor, but also to measure its size.

MRI of the temporal bone is very good for diagnosing diseases of the eye sockets and sinuses. The presence of abscesses and tumors, discharge during inflammatory processes of the middle ear and meatus, disturbances in the apparatus for maintaining balance of traumatic or other origin are determined with high accuracy and are well visualized.

The ability to obtain a large number of sections facilitates accurate diagnosis. Often, pain in the area of ​​the temporal bone is caused by completely different reasons, which are very difficult to determine using conventional diagnostic methods. Repeated studies are often required. In this case, CT scanning is not recommended - the use of X-ray radiation, even at such low intensity, in the brain area is very undesirable.

Study of the pyramids of the temporal bones

CT is also very good at detecting the presence of fresh bleeding, even in the case of internal injuries. Most studies of pyramids are carried out using contrast.

The complexity and great importance of the temporal zone of the head requires a very careful approach to conducting research and deciphering its results. Therefore, the information obtained during diagnosis should be provided to a doctor who specializes in diseases in this area.

Computed tomography of the temporal bones is the most reliable way to examine the temporal bones, anatomical structure and visualize the soft tissues that surround the temporal bone. The structure of this area is not simple: it contains the Eustachian tube, mastoid cells, middle and inner ear.

What does a CT scan of the temporal bones show?

The complex structure and surrounding of the temporal region with so many anatomical structures nearby does not always allow the doctor to make an accurate diagnosis, clarify the location of the pathology and prescribe treatment.

In this case, computed tomography comes to the rescue, which provides layer-by-layer images of the required area of ​​the human body.

Thanks to the images, you can detect the slightest changes, pathologies, examine the cochlea of ​​the inner ear, hematoma, and inflammatory process.

Indications for use

Examination of this area is usually prescribed by the attending physician. In addition to CT of the temporal bones, you can undergo CT of the eye orbits.

There are not many indications for use:

• Traumatic brain injury;
• Fractures in this area;
• Anomaly of the inner ear and temporal bone;
• Oncology;
• Otosclerosis;
• Preoperative period;
• Unknown discharge from the ear;
• Hearing impairment, pain;
• Neoplasm.

Contraindications

Diagnostics has a number of contraindications:

• Multiple myeloma;
• Obesity. Each tomograph has a limitation on the patient’s body weight. Most often, the patient’s body weight should not exceed 160 kilograms;
• Pregnancy;
• There are age restrictions. Children under 12 years of age are not recommended to undergo testing;
• Kidney disease;
• When diagnosing with the introduction of a contrast agent, the list of contraindications expands:
• Diabetes;
• Liver problems;
• Allergy to iodine, since the contrast contains iodine.

Preparation

Shortly before a computed tomography scan, you need to prepare for it: it is forbidden to eat food for 6 hours before the examination. It is worth taking care of loose clothing in advance that will not cause discomfort during the examination. In some diagnostic centers, such special clothing is provided individually to each patient.

It is important to remove all metal accessories, jewelry, etc. Their presence may affect the quality of the images. Moving or moving during a CT scan is also prohibited, since the images in this case tend to be distorted. Using distorted images, it will be almost impossible to make an accurate diagnosis or simply decipher them.

How they do it

The examination process begins with the patient lying on his back on the movable tomograph table. Then it moves inward, the ring begins to rotate. The doctor goes to another office and watches the entire procedure through the window. Only at the request of the doctor can you move (turn your head left or right). You may need to hold your breath several times.

The tomograph scans the required examination area layer by layer. The entire diagnosis takes about 20 minutes maximum.

During diagnosis, the patient may experience side effects: nausea, dizziness and an unpleasant taste in the mouth.

MSCT of the temporal bone

Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) of the temporal bone is a modern research method. It differs from CT by the presence of an X-ray tube, which rotates around the longitudinal axis of the tomograph along a spiral trajectory. MSCT takes a little less time compared to CT.

Contrast

The temporal bones are perfectly visualized without a contrast agent, but for examining soft tissues it is simply necessary. Contrast improves visualization: makes soft tissue more visible due to the fact that the contrast is quickly absorbed into it.

Decoding and results

After the examination, the sections are given to the patient, who takes them to a radiologist. It takes twice as long to decipher a slice: it all depends on the area of ​​examination, the number of images and the detected pathology.

The smaller the pathology, the more difficult it is to decipher. If there are no pathologies, then decoding does not take much time.

Differences between CT and MRI

Computed tomography is an alternative to MRI of the temporal bone. The main and most important difference is the operating principle of tomographs: in computed tomography, the examination is carried out using X-rays, and MRI is carried out using magnetic resonances.

In terms of time, the MRI process takes 2-3 times longer than CT. At the same time, it is strictly prohibited to undergo an MRI if you have metal implants.