What can you eat if you have kidney stones? Features of the diet for urolithiasis in men. Diet for oxalate stones

Diet for urolithiasis in both men and women is of great importance, as is drug treatment. Many people believe that if surgery was performed to remove kidney stones, then the disease is over. In fact, after surgical treatment, the healing process actively continues.

Nutrition for urolithiasis depends, first of all, on the type and chemical composition of kidney stones. These may be oxalates (stones from calcium salts of oxalic acid), urates (from uric acid salts) or phosphates (calcium salts of phosphoric acid). Each type of stone is formed during a certain shift in metabolism, based on which the diet is compiled. Proper nutrition will prevent the recurrence of kidney stones.

Features of the diet for oxalate stones and oxalaturia

Prohibited:

Products high in oxalates - oxalic acid salts - sorrel, parsley, tomatoes, celery, spinach, rhubarb, asparagus, figs (wine berry);

Fatty meat, meat, poultry, fish and mushroom broths, jellied meat, jellied meat, gelatin;

Chocolate, tomato juice.

Consumption is limited:

Products high in calcium and ascorbic acid - cheese (especially salted), cottage cheese, legumes, including peanuts, lentils, green beans, carrots, beets, radishes, radishes, bell peppers, cauliflower, horseradish;

Beef, chicken, liver, kidneys, brains, smoked meats, sausage (especially liverwurst), pates, cod;

Fried, salty, sour and spicy foods, mustard;

Apples (primarily sour ones), citrus fruits, currants, plums, gooseberries, strawberries, blueberries, cranberries, raisins;

Sweets and baked goods, cocoa, tea and coffee (especially strong), kvass,

Porridge from all types of cereals, only boiled potatoes, black and white bread, preferably from wholemeal flour;

Boiled meat, fish, poultry;

Dairy products in small quantities and only in the first half of the day;

Cabbage, cucumbers (peeled), green peas, pumpkin, turnips, squash and eggplant caviar, butter and vegetable oil, nuts;

Pears, grapes, apricots, peaches, bananas, watermelon, melon, quince;

Mineral waters are slightly alkaline, it is useful to drink kombucha and birch sap.

Meat, poultry and fish can be eaten 3 times a week in small quantities and low-fat.

Apples, pears, grapes, quince help remove oxalates from the body. Potatoes alkalize urine, bind calcium and help eliminate it through the intestines.

Meals, preferably 5 times a day, drink plenty of fluids, at least 2 liters per day. It is not recommended to eat cold food.

Features of the diet for urate stones

Consumption is limited:

smoked, salted and pickled, concentrated meat and fish broths, offal, legumes, sorrel and spinach, chocolate, coffee and cocoa, beer and red wine.

Allowed:

Eggs, dairy products, oatmeal and rice porridge, yesterday's bread, fruits and vegetables, walnuts, red and black caviar, honey, marshmallows, marmalade, tea;

Meat, poultry and fish can only be eaten boiled and no more than three times a week.

Citrus juices prevent the formation of uric acid salts(urates). Juices are good to drink between meals. It's good to drink tea with lemon.

For urate stones it is prescribed.

Features of the diet for phosphate stones

Consumption is limited:

First of all, calcium-rich milk and dairy products, as well as spices and hot foods are limited.

Allowed:

Meat and fish dishes in any form, soaked herring, eggs no more than 2 times a week, legumes, bread, butter and vegetable oil;

White and cauliflower cabbage, pumpkin and zucchini, unsweetened apples, red currants;

Black, weak tea and coffee.

For phosphate stones it is prescribed.

Procedure for choosing a diet for urolithiasis

1. First of all, it is necessary to determine what type of stones located in the urinary tract are. If you do not take this circumstance into account, you may not only fail to stop the further formation of stones, but also aggravate the course of the disease.
2. When the first symptoms of the disease appear, you should definitely visit a doctor and undergo an examination.
3. Taking into account the diagnosis, an appropriate diet is prescribed.

General principles of diet for urolithiasis

1. Eat spicy, salty, fried and smoked foods as little as possible. In some cases, it is necessary to abandon them, at least for the duration of treatment.
2. Be sure to follow the drinking regime! You need to drink at least 2-2.5 liters of fluid daily. However, it must be taken into account that if there is a concomitant pathology of the cardiovascular system, then drinking is limited. A stable drinking regime helps prevent abnormalities in kidney function.
3. Do not overeat under any circumstances! Fractional nutrition is indicated - in small portions. The best option is five meals a day. This way your kidneys and, in general, the whole body will be able to work in comfortable conditions.
4. If there are concomitant diseases of other organs and systems, the diet should be adjusted accordingly.
5. The consumption of alcoholic beverages is limited or excluded.
6. If you suffer from excess weight, then be sure to strive to normalize it. Extra pounds will not only complicate the course of urolithiasis, but also contribute to the appearance of other unpleasant ailments. Therefore, try to select the menu taking into account getting rid of unnecessary centimeters. But remember, the diet should be gentle, no long fasts and no super-fast methods of losing weight.
7. Lead a healthy lifestyle. This, among other things, can be a good source of positive emotions.
8. Reasonable physical activity. It is enough to follow simple recommendations:

Walk daily for 1 hour or more;

Be in a “stationary” state as little as possible;

If possible, perform light physical exercise; ideal – morning exercises; movements should be simple and not abrupt, with low intensity.

And, most importantly, when choosing a diet, take into account your individual characteristics and possible intolerance to some permitted foods. If your condition or health changes, please consult your doctor., additional tests may be required. Study urolithiasis, read available literature and publications on the Internet from authoritative sources.

Urolithiasis (URolithiasis), or urolithiasis, is a pathology caused by impaired metabolism of certain substances in the body. A feature of this disease is the formation of stones of various sizes (from millimeters to several centimeters in diameter) in the upper and lower parts of the urinary system: renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra. In children, this pathology is relatively rare; stones can form due to congenital metabolic disorders.

Causes of kidney stones

What are the signs of kidney stones? Stones can remain in the organs of the urinary system for a long time. Most often they make themselves felt by acute pain in the lumbar or groin area, dysuria, and fever. These symptoms may have other causes, such as appendicitis or diseases of the reproductive system. In each specific case, only a doctor can make the correct diagnosis.

The formation of stones is often caused by an increase in urine acidity, which is associated with increased consumption of spicy, salty, fried foods, high-protein foods or those containing large amounts of calcium compounds. Therefore, in addition to the main course of treatment, it is imperative to follow a diet aimed at preventing the formation of stones in the urinary system.

Another common cause of stone formation is gout. In this case, there is a violation of the metabolism of uric acid and the deposition of its crystals in the joint tissues and the urinary system. With such a pathology, it is recommended that it is aimed at restoring the metabolism of purine bases in the body.

Basics of a therapeutic diet

A properly formulated diet prevents the formation of stones, so it is necessary even after they have been removed. If there are chronic diseases of the urinary system, then it is necessary to undergo a course of treatment in parallel. Depending on the predominance of certain chemical components, stones may predominantly include:

• calcium oxalates;
• urates;
• cystine;
• phosphates or calcium hydroxyapatite.

Depending on the type of stones, the appropriate diet is selected, the doctor indicates what to eat and in what portions. If phosphates predominate, then the menu limits milk and dishes made from it, some types of fruits and vegetables. At the same time, with oxalates, the main restrictions apply to fried foods, and smoking cessation is also necessary.

The causes of kidney stones are elevated calcium levels and metabolic disorders. Therefore, nephrologists and urologists recommend that patients reduce their intake of foods containing large amounts of calcium compounds. It is necessary to exclude canned vegetables, mushrooms, berries, rich meat broths, chocolates, caffeine, and citrus fruits. In recent years, more and more urologists have advised limiting meat, especially red meat.

The importance of drinking regime

If you have kidney stones, you should drink as much fluid as possible. This is important so that unnecessary substances are “flushed” from the urinary system. It also prevents stone formation and prevents urolithiasis. Most urologists recommend including the following drinks in the diet during exacerbation of urolithiasis:

• diluted cranberry juice;
• rosehip infusion;
• decoction of dried apples and pears.

Also, if you have urolithiasis, you should avoid alcohol or carbonated drinks. Excessive consumption can worsen the course of the disease. There are recommendations from urologists to reduce the consumption of table salt and dishes with a high content of it (pickles, salted fish).

If you follow a special diet for kidney diseases, you can achieve good results. Typically, the diet is compiled individually, taking into account the characteristics of the patient’s body, his dietary preferences, as well as the chemical composition of the stones. But there are also universal recommendations for all patients with urolithiasis. Need to eat:

• oranges, lemons;
• melons (melons, watermelons);
• tomatoes;
• wholemeal flour;
• dried pieces of apples and pears;
• low-fat fish (preferably sea);
• lean meat (chicken, turkey).

Example menu

According to statistics, urolithiasis occurs in men much more often than in women. However, women sometimes have a harder time with acute pain and other symptoms of the disease, and they are more likely to experience relapses even after stone removal. In addition, it is not so rare for urolithiasis in women to be complicated by a secondary bacterial infection. That is why diet plays an important role in the treatment of pathology.

Specially selected nutrition for pyelonephritis and urolithiasis helps reduce the formation of stones, which reduces the risk of serious consequences. The diet is aimed at restoring the patient’s condition during drug therapy, after surgery, and also prevents relapses.

A special diet for urolithiasis is prescribed and adjusted by the attending physician together with a nutritionist based on tests and instrumental studies.

An approximate menu for a week for urolithiasis can be found in the table.

Table - Menu for urolithiasis for seven days

A diet for urolithiasis in men is prepared in a similar way. In this case, one should take into account the chemical composition of stones and the predominance of certain salts in the urine.

For oxalates

The main goal of this type of diet is to limit the intake of oxalic acid salts into the body. The following products are contraindicated:

• spinach;
• lettuce leaves;
• figs;
• chocolate products;
• nuts.

It is also better to limit your consumption of milk and milk products. However, it is useful to include in the diet:

• quince;
• pears;
• fresh and dried plums;
• cauliflower.

With urates

If urate stones are detected in the patient, then the following are removed from the menu:

• meat;
• fish;
• beans, peas;
• mushrooms.

Useful to eat:

• dairy products;
• cereals;
• citrus;
• mango;
• avocado;
• broccoli, white cabbage.

With phosphates

The formation of phosphate stones in the kidneys is caused primarily by an increased content of calcium and magnesium ions. Therefore, nutrition for this type of disease should limit the consumption of milk, milk products, and fermented milk dishes. In the list of tables according to Pevzner, this is diet No. 14. It is recommended to include in the menu:

• green vegetables- cucumbers, bell peppers, cabbage, broccoli;
• meat and fish - lean;
• cereals - rice, wheat, .

You should also eat fruits and berries high in vitamin C after each meal. Cranberries, red or black currants, and lingonberries are especially recommended. This helps normalize urine pH and prevents the formation of stones.

Diet for urolithiasis in pregnant and lactating women

Some difficulties may arise when creating a menu for pregnant women suffering from urolithiasis. Carrying a child, especially in recent weeks, often provokes various inflammatory pathologies of the urinary tract. In later stages, this is due to the pressure of the growing uterus on surrounding tissues and organs. A pregnant woman with ICD should adhere to the following dietary principles.

• Water. The optimal volume of liquid is up to 2-2.5 liters per day (fruit drinks, decoctions of dried fruits, rose hips, kidney infusions). However, when edematous syndrome appears in the later stages, it is necessary, on the contrary, to limit drinking.
• Protein. Consume enough protein, up to 100-110 g per day. It is recommended to give preference to easily digestible protein dishes: milk, cottage cheese, lean meat and boiled fish.
• Vitamins. Ensure the supply of the required volumes of vitamins, micro- and macroelements. The menu should include fresh vegetables and fruits; if their quantities are insufficient, special multivitamin complexes for pregnant women are prescribed.

Depending on the chemical characteristics of kidney stones, foods that contribute to their formation are excluded from the diet. Their list is given above. Regardless of the type of ICD during pregnancy, it is also recommended to exclude:

• fried and baked dishes with a crust;
• fatty meats (pork, beef, lamb);
• rich mushroom and meat broths;
• refractory fats;
• margarine and dishes containing it.

During lactation, a woman should adhere to similar nutritional principles. It is also recommended to increase protein intake to 120-130 g per day. The diet should include a sufficient amount of drinks, milk and products made from it.

Diet therapy for concomitant pathologies

Often urolithiasis is combined with other somatic diseases. Kidney stones can be combined with gastrointestinal diseases, such as pancreatitis or cholecystitis. In this case, the menu is compiled taking into account the underlying disease, plus foods that are contraindicated for a specific type of stone are excluded.

If urolithiasis is combined with nephritis or glomerulonephritis, it is prescribed. Basic principles of this type of nutrition:

• limiting protein to 70-80 g per day;
• salt intake no more than 5 g per day;
• reduction in the number of meat dishes;
• exclusion of alcohol, chocolate, cocoa, spicy seasonings, marinades.

Depending on the severity of renal failure, table No. 7 can be modified. If the filtration function of the kidneys is significantly impaired, the amount of protein in the diet may be limited to 40 g.

Diet for kidney stones can be an excellent tool in treatment - or it can be completely useless. This depends on the type of metabolic disorders that led to stone formation, and, therefore,.

What are the general dietary guidelines for treating kidney stones?

• One, but very important: drinking enough water. Ideally, 2-2.5 liters daily, preference is given to clean non-mineral water, juices and fruit drinks are allowed, but not tea, coffee, cocoa, beer or wine.
  The process of stone formation begins with an increased concentration of ions in the urine; accordingly, the more water is filtered with urine, the lower this concentration will be.
• A diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys must be balanced in composition and have sufficient energy value - after all, you will have to stick to it for many years.

If there are any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, this must certainly be taken into account: exacerbation of cholecystitis or pancreatitis, intestinal dysbiosis inevitably leads to impaired absorption of vitamins and microelements, and ultimately contributes to stone formation.

In what cases is the diet effective?

• Amino acid stones - cysteine ​​and xanthine - are formed against the background of genetic abnormalities; they cannot be corrected by diet, but there is hope to get rid of urate stones by following certain recommendations.
• You should not rely on the dissolution of existing oxalates or phosphorus-calcium stones and calcium carbonates, but a diet is necessary to prevent the formation of new stones.
• Magnesium salts of phosphoric acid (struvite) are most often formed not due to metabolic disorders, but against the background of a urinary tract infection. But even in this case, some dietary recommendations will not be superfluous.

So, to choose a diet for urolithiasis, you need to know the chemical composition of the stone.

Urats

They are formed when there is an excess content in the urine of the final product of purine metabolism - uric acid.

• Purines are found in large quantities in meat, especially young animals (chicken, veal), and offal; their concentration is high in jellies and rich broths. Excess purines in mushrooms and legumes. The diet allows you to eat boiled meat or fish no more than 3 times a week.
• Alcoholic drinks, especially beer and red wine, sharply reduce the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys. The content of these products in the diet should be reduced.
• Vegetables, grains and dairy products contain few purines. That is, with urate nephrolithiasis, it is advisable to adhere to a dairy-vegetable diet.
  Potatoes, tomatoes, sweet peppers, eggplants; buckwheat, millet, barley and pasta; nuts and seeds; milk and fermented milk products, cottage cheese and mild cheeses; eggs, any berries and fruits can be eaten in unlimited quantities.
• Uric acid crystallizes in an acidic environment, so in case of uric acid diathesis, the urine must be alkalized. Alkaline mineral waters (Borjomi, Jermuk, Obukhovskaya), lemon juice and citrate mixtures (blemaren) are suitable for this.
• As herbal medicine, you can use decoctions of clover, blackcurrant leaves, cornflower flowers, burdock and dandelion roots.

Oxalates

Excess oxalates can form with increased consumption of foods containing oxalic acid or vitamin C, which is metabolized in the body before it, as well as with increased absorption of oxalic acid, which is associated with a deficiency of calcium and vitamin B6.

• Therefore, first of all, foods rich in oxalic acid are excluded from the diet: lettuce, spinach, beets, celery, parsley, tea and coffee, chocolate and cocoa, jelly and jellies.
• Limit carrots, tomatoes, green beans, chicken and beef.
• Potatoes and cabbage, pumpkin, peas, pears, apricots, bananas and watermelons, all cereals, dairy products are allowed, preferably in the first half of the day.
• Vitamin C should not be taken as a dietary supplement; foods that contain ascorbic acid as a preservative should be excluded from the diet.
  Limit foods containing a lot of vitamin C: citrus fruits, currants, rose hips, sour apples.
• You need foods rich in vitamin B6, calcium and magnesium (potatoes, nuts, whole grains).
• The effect of alkaline drinking is small, but herbal medicine - half-palm, madder, birch leaves and violet roots - are highly recommended.

Phosphates

Calcium salts of phosphoric acid (apatites) are formed against the background of disturbances in phosphorus-calcium metabolism (hypervitaminosis D, excess parathyroid hormone, renal tubular acidosis), therefore for this type of urolithiasis it is important to reduce calcium excretion by the kidneys.

The condition for the formation of magnesium compounds (struvite) is a urinary tract infection, so good immunity is needed to prevent them.
But both of them crystallize in an alkaline environment, so one of the main goals of the diet for phosphaturia is acidification of urine.

• Vegetables and fruits are sharply reduced in the diet, except for pumpkin, beans, peas, asparagus and Brussels sprouts (they have little calcium and alkalizing components), and sour berries - cranberries, currants, lingonberries.
• Limit milk and dairy products (cheese, cottage cheese), which have an alkalizing effect and are rich in calcium.
• Avoid foods that increase the secretion of gastric juice and, therefore, lead to the loss of acid radicals: alcohol, coffee, spices and spicy snacks, carbonated drinks.
• Excess table salt increases calcium excretion, so if apatite is present, salty foods are also undesirable.
• You can eat meat and fish, pasta and bread, cereals and soups, butter and vegetable oil. You should especially not neglect butter, which, along with liver and egg yolk, is rich in vitamin A. Retinol has been found to help prevent infection and reduce stone formation.
• Against the background of a constantly followed diet, you need to periodically arrange “calcium” days - eat cottage cheese, cheese, nuts - this will prevent the unpleasant consequences of hypocalcemia and will not lead to the growth of stones.
• As with any variant of urolithiasis, with phosphaturia you need to drink a lot, and it is better to choose sour drinks - fruit drinks from cranberries and lingonberries, juice from sour varieties of apples and grapes, mineral waters such as Arzni, Dolomitnaya, Truskavetskaya, Sairme.
• You can also pay attention to herbal teas, especially using herbs that increase the solubility of phosphates: burdock root, madder, elecampane, bearberry, lovage, centaury.

Thus, dietary recommendations are possible if the nature of the stone is established; in all other cases, there is no need to act at random. It is enough to drink more - ordinary fresh water or neutral mineral waters of Zheleznovodsk, herbal decoctions with a diuretic, but without a pronounced alkalizing or acidifying effect, eat food rich in vitamins A and B, empty the bladder more often and move more.

Which doctor should I contact?

Diet for kidney stones is of great importance, since poor nutrition is one of the most common causes of the development of urolithiasis. In addition, by choosing the right diet, you can forget about medications forever.

It is enough to follow simple rules and not eat prohibited foods, and you will already achieve 80 percent of the treatment.

In this article I will describe the fundamental aspects of the diet necessary for the treatment and prevention of urolithiasis. It will be divided into parts for certain types of stones, and lists of prohibited and permitted products will be added.

Why is proper nutrition important for kidney stones?

Such disorders are often associated with significant errors in the human diet. It is not easy to cure urolithiasis. In tandem with drug therapy, it is necessary to adhere to a special dietary menu.

If complications in the functioning of the genitourinary system have been discovered at least once in the human body, and a specialist has prescribed dietary therapy, then in the future you will have to adhere to these recommendations for the rest of your life. Otherwise, a violation of the diet is fraught with a recurrence of the disease.

The word “diet” is translated from Greek as “eating regimen” or “way of life.” So, due to stones in the kidneys, ureters and bladder, a unique “lifestyle” will need to be constantly maintained.

The main manifestation of urolithiasis is associated with the appearance of hard formations (stones) in the urinary system, which are classified into three groups. The appropriate diet will further depend on this division.

Phosphate stones are sedimentary material of an alkaline environment in the body. Oxalates and urates (harder formations) - develop in the acidic environment of urine. This means that diet will be associated with these characteristics.

To smooth out the alkaline environment, products with high acidity are required, otherwise - those that contribute to alkalization.

General principles of diet for ICD

• restriction of nutrients that form sediment or stones in the urinary tract;
• changing the urine reaction (urine pH) to the acidic or alkaline side due to the nature of nutrition to prevent precipitation and better dissolution of salt sediment;
• copious fluid intake to remove salt deposits from the urinary tract.

In diets, mainly for uraturia and phosphaturia, certain food groups are limited or increased. This makes it difficult to meet the body's needs for all nutrients, and the resulting monotony of the urine reaction can contribute to the formation of salts of a different composition.

A diet for urolithiasis is prescribed to provide gentle nutrition for the kidneys and helps eliminate various metabolic products from the body.

Compliance with the diet involves excluding from the diet foods that contain purines and oxalic acid, limiting salt intake, increasing the amount of free liquid (if there are no contraindications) and alkalizing foods (vegetables and fruits, dairy products).

In addition, the diet reduces the consumption of proteins and fats. Be sure to boil meat, fish and poultry, cook food and keep the food at normal temperature. When cooked, half of the purines contained remain in the broth, so broths should not be consumed as food.

After boiling, poultry, fish and meat can be used in the preparation of a variety of dishes (fried, stewed, baked), chopped products. Meat and fish can be combined in approximately equal quantities. It is recommended to include dishes from these foods no more than 2-3 times a week.

A portion of meat should not exceed 150 g, fish - 17 g. Diet - 5 times a day. Instead of an afternoon snack, a rosehip decoction is recommended.

Chemical composition of a therapeutic diet

1. 70 g of proteins, 50% of which are of animal origin and mainly dairy;
2. 80 g fats, 30% of which are vegetable;
3. 350–400 g of carbohydrates, of which 80 g are sugar;
4. 8–10 g salt;
5. 1.5–2 liters or more of liquid.

The energy value of this diet is 2400–2600 calories.

Meat, poultry, fish are interchangeable. Milk - 0.5 l, meat - 120 g, unsalted cheese - 30 g, one egg, 6 slices of bread, half a cup of cereal, 1 serving of potatoes, 3 or more servings of vegetables, fruits and juices (optional), sugar or jam less than 4 teaspoons, oil - less than 2 teaspoons, optional weak tea, coffee.

Allowed and prohibited foods for kidney stones

Consumption of pastry products is limited.

Soups

Vegetarian soups are allowed: borscht, cabbage soup, vegetable soups, soups with cereals, cold soups, milk fruit soups.

Soups made with meat, fish and mushroom broths, with the addition of sorrel, spinach and legumes, are prohibited.

Meat, poultry, fish

The therapeutic diet allows the consumption of low-fat types and varieties. A maximum of 3 times a week you can eat 150 g of boiled meat or 160–170 g of boiled fish. Boiled meat, poultry, and fish can be used to prepare stewed, fried, baked dishes, as well as dishes made from cutlet mass. A combination of meat and fish is allowed in equal quantities.

Kidneys, liver, brains, tongue, meat of young birds and animals, sausages, smoked products, salted fish, canned fish and meat, and caviar are not allowed to be eaten.

Dairy

You can consume milk, fermented milk drinks, sour cream, cottage cheese and curd dishes, cheese.

Salty cheeses are prohibited.

Eggs

You are allowed to eat one egg per day, prepared in any way. It is better to eat chicken or quail eggs.

Cereals

You can eat any food in moderation.

Consumption of legumes is prohibited.

Mushrooms, fresh legumes, spinach, rhubarb, sorrel, cauliflower, and purslane are not allowed. The amount of salted and pickled vegetables is limited.

Salty snacks, smoked foods, canned food, and fish roe are prohibited.

Fruits, sweet

An increased amount of fruits and berries, fresh and prepared in any way, is recommended. The consumption of dried fruits, milk creams and jelly, marmalade, marshmallows, non-chocolate sweets, jam, honey, meringues is allowed.

Eating chocolate, figs, raspberries, cranberries, and lingonberries is not allowed.

Sauces and spices

Sauces based on vegetable broth, tomato sauce, sour cream, and milk sauces are allowed. It is allowed to use citric acid, vanillin, cinnamon, bay leaf, dill, parsley.

Sauces made with meat, fish or mushroom broth are prohibited. The use of pepper, mustard, and horseradish is not allowed.

Beverages

You can drink tea with lemon, with added milk, weak coffee with milk, fruit and vegetable juices, fruit drinks, water with juices, kvass. Decoctions of rose hips, wheat bran and dried fruits are useful.

Cocoa, strong tea and coffee are prohibited.

Examples of menus for kidney stones (recipes)

Monday

Breakfast: cottage cheese, bread with butter, vinaigrette (sour cream dressing), tea with milk.

Lunch: scrambled eggs, buckwheat porridge, juices.

Afternoon snack: soup (vegetarian) with fried roots with sour cream, fried potatoes, sauerkraut, meat cooked in breadcrumbs, compote.

Dinner: vegetable cutlets, cottage cheese, pasta casserole, jelly.

At night: milk with a bun.

Tuesday

Drink rosehip decoction (100 ml) or heated mineral alkaline water on an empty stomach.

First breakfast: oatmeal with milk (liquid) 150 g, milk 200 g.

Second breakfast: grape juice (200 ml).

Lunch: pureed vegetable soup (150 ml), milk jelly (180 ml).

Afternoon snack: a glass of carrot juice.

Dinner: rice porridge with milk (liquid) 150 g, fruit compote (180 g).

In the evening: a glass of kefir.

At night: a cup of unsweetened tea diluted with milk.

Wednesday

First breakfast: vegetable salad with butter, soft-boiled egg, apple-carrot wheat pudding, tea.

Second breakfast: rosehip infusion.

Lunch: milk soup with noodles, potato cutlets, jelly.

Afternoon snack: apples.

Dinner: cabbage rolls with vegetables and rice, tea with baked cheesecakes.

Before bed: a decoction of wheat bran.

Thursday

First breakfast: weak coffee, apple and beet salad with sour cream.

Second breakfast: fresh fruit, scrambled eggs with tomatoes.

Lunch: vegetable stew with boiled beef, okroshka, tea with lemon.

Afternoon snack: berry compote.

Dinner: salad with fresh potato vegetables, cabbage casserole with sour cream sauce, tea with milk.

Overnight: boil wheat bran, strain. Drink half a glass.

Friday

First breakfast: rose hip decoction, beet salad with prunes.

Second breakfast: weak coffee, soft-boiled egg.

Lunch: macaroni and cheese, oat milk soup, carrot cutlets sprinkled with sour cream, tea (lemon is not prohibited).

Afternoon snack: a glass of fruit juice.

Dinner: prunes baked in the oven with cottage cheese, dumplings with cottage cheese, rosehip infusion.

At night: kefir.

At night: kefir.

Sunday

First breakfast: vinaigrette with butter, oatmeal porridge, coffee with milk.

Second breakfast: berry compote, omelette with apples.

Lunch: beef stroganoff (boiled), beetroot soup, stewed cabbage, fruit jelly.

Afternoon snack: fruit (fresh).

Dinner: cottage cheese pancakes, beets stuffed with rice and apples, rosehip broth.

Diet for different types of stones

Urolithiasis belonging to the oxalate group require exclusion from the diet of foods containing oxalic acid: sorrel, spinach, cocoa, chocolate. But it is recommended to eat fruits: pears, apples, grapes (they help crush stones).

If you have stones from the urate group, fish, meat, mushrooms and legumes are limited as much as possible. Replace these products with cereal and dairy-vegetable foods.

The phosphate group, on the contrary, requires the exclusion of dairy products from the daily diet. Calcium-rich vegetables are also harmful.

But it is allowed to eat meat and bakery products. It is worth noting that these products can affect the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, therefore, as a rule, such a diet is prescribed for a short time. Return to a balanced diet will depend on the success of the course of treatment.

Diet for oxalate kidney stones

There is a strong release of oxalic acid in the kidneys, which means that you need to limit the consumption of foods rich in it: milk, salad, oranges, spinach, potatoes, sorrel. In addition, you should take 2 g of magnesium carbonate daily, because magnesium binds oxalic acid salts in different parts of the intestine.

The patient must limit the consumption of cocoa-containing products, as well as strong tea, lettuce, black currants, dairy products in the form of cottage cheese, cheese and milk, strawberries, citrus fruits, and nuts.

In case of calcium oxalate stones, it is necessary to exclude lettuce, sorrel, spinach, reduce the consumption of carrots, potatoes, dairy products, cheese, chocolate, black currants, strawberries, strong tea and cocoa.

Prohibited foods for scaling stones

It is prohibited to consume smoked meats, canned fish and meat, jellies, fish broths and meat broths, internal organs, chicken, veal and fatty meats, and fried potatoes. It is necessary to reduce the intake of vitamin C into the body, so you should not get carried away with citrus fruits.

Fruits, vegetables and herbs that should not be consumed include radishes, Brussels sprouts, red sprouts, beets, asparagus, and parsley. Do not eat peppers, rhubarb, lettuce, sorrel, spinach. Green beans, celery, red currants, gooseberries, plums, cranberries. Drinks include coffee, bread kvass, strong tea, cocoa and tomato juice.

It is allowed to eat white and cauliflower, fruit and vegetable soups, bread, boiled fish and meat.

As well as fruit and berry juices, mixed berries and fruits, apples, watermelons, boiled potatoes, cucumbers and turnips. With calcium stones, sick people need to reduce fermented milk and dairy products (yogurt, cheese, milk) in their diet.

For oxalate stones, the following collections are recommended: immortelle flowers, barberry, black elderberry, lingonberry leaves, madder root, heather grass, sweet clover herb, motherwort herb; leaves of wintergreen, bearberry, peppermint, tea bush, bud grass, hernia, corn silk.

Blue cornflower flowers; herbs St. John's wort, agrimony, rue, peppermint, barberry fruits, dill, madder roots, bedstraw; flowers of immortelle, black elderberry, blue cornflower, bud grass, heather, leaves of wintergreen, bearberry, burnet rhizome; barberry fruits, lingonberry leaves, madder root, sweet clover herb, St. John's wort herb.

Motherwort herbs, hernia herbs, agrimony herbs and rue; herbs capitula, Tribulus creeping, bedstraw, roots of steelhead, burdock, eryngium, shoots from blueberry leaves, fennel fruits, chicory rhizomes.

Take the collections for two months, and in between use individual plants: madder root, barberry flowers, blue cornflower flowers, corn silk, lingonberry or bearberry leaves, smooth herb grass.

Indicative menu for oxalate kidney stones:

1st breakfast: homemade cottage cheese with sugar and sour cream, oatmeal, decoction of black currant leaves - 1 cup.

2nd breakfast: baked apple, weak tea.

Dinner: vegetable soup with vegetable oil, boiled chicken in milk sauce with boiled rice, dried fruit compote.

Dinner: boiled fish with white sauce, mashed potatoes, cheesecake, tea.

Before bedtime: kefir – 1 glass. For the whole day: bread (any) – 250 g, butter – 15 g, sugar – 30 g.

Limit foods that will contribute to the formation of uric acid in the body. These are brains, meat broths, liver, kidneys.

Your diet should limit vegetable fats, meat and fish. It is necessary to take freshly prepared citrate solutions; they prevent the salts from crystallizing and dissolve the uric acid salt. If you have kidney stones, you should not drink grapefruit juice.

Prohibited foods for urate kidney stones

You should not eat foods that are rich in purines:

• Canned snack foods (herring, sprat, sprats, cod liver, sardines), meat and fish broths.
• Internal organs of animals (heart, kidneys, udder, tongue, brains, liver), limit meat and fish.
• Pickles and smoked meats, spices, spicy soups, bone decoctions. Also jellies, meat soups, pates, liver sausage.
• Products from greens and vegetables - Brussels sprouts, soybeans, beans, sorrel, spinach, asparagus and celery, grapefruit, cauliflower.

It is allowed to eat foods that have alkaline properties - bread, except baked goods, eggs, cereals and pasta, cottage cheese, cheese, fermented milk products and milk, vegetable oil and butter. You are also allowed to eat berries, fruits, and herbs.

Vegetables: cucumbers, pumpkin, carrots, white cabbage. To reduce the concentration of uric acid salts, you need to drink up to 3 liters of liquid. Fresh lemon juice contains a lot of citrates and is recommended to drink.

For urate stones, it is best to drink alkaline mineral waters: Essentuki No. 4 and No. 17, Smirnovskaya, Slavyanovskaya, Borjomi, Jermuk.

For urate stones, the following collections are recommended: birch and wild strawberry leaves, black elderberry flowers, flax seeds, parsley grass, rose hips; corn silks, wild strawberry whole plant, lingonberry leaves, knotweed grass, parsley root, tea shoots, calamus rhizome; fruits of juniper, barberry, fennel, licorice rhizome, wheatgrass, steelberry root.

Shepherd's purse grass; leaves of peppermint, lingonberry, knotweed herb, cinquefoil, parsley, caraway fruits, mountain ash, oats; anise fruits, birch and wild strawberry leaves, sweet clover herbs, motherwort, horsetail, dental ammi inflorescences, flax seeds, blue cornflower flowers; birch leaves, watches, lingonberries, coriander fruits, dill, tea bud shoots, wild rosemary, oat straw, bud tea shoots and wild rosemary shoots, peppermint grass and bloodroot.

These collections are accepted for two months, during breaks you can use individual plants: corn silk, steelhead roots, parsley, celery, asparagus.

Approximate diet menu for urate kidney stones:

1st breakfast: vegetable salad with vegetable oil, one hard-boiled egg, tea;

2nd breakfast: rosehip decoction – 1 glass;

Dinner: vegetarian borscht, fried cutlets with boiled potatoes, jelly;

Dinner:“lazy” dumplings with sour cream, tea;

Before bedtime: kefir – 1 glass; All day: wheat bread – 200 g, sugar – 30 g, butter – 15 g.

If the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium is disturbed in patients with kidney stones, phosphaturia and calciuria appear, for which diet 14 is prescribed in a hospital setting.

Foods in the diet for phosphate kidney stones

Patients are allowed to pass on foods that increase the acidity of urine (meat, fish, eggs, flour and cereal products). It is prohibited to transfer vegetables, fruits, berries, and dairy products. The latter should be periodically included in the diet so as not to deplete the body of calcium.

At home, the diet for phosphate kidney stones is aimed at converting the alkaline reaction of urine into acidic. Diet composition: proteins – 90 g, fats – 100 g, carbohydrates – 380-400 g, kitchen salt – 10-12 g, liquids – 1.5-2.5 l, energy value – 2800-3000 kcal. Diet: 4-5 times a day, in between and on an empty stomach - drinking.

All types of bread are recommended, with the exception of butter breads, with a limit of milk and egg yolks), soups - with weak meat, fish or mushroom broths with various cereals, pasta and legumes, lean meat, poultry and fish, hard-boiled eggs, vegetables ( green peas, asparagus), mushrooms, herring, meat and fish snacks, caviar, tea, coffee, cocoa without milk, rose hip decoction.

It is necessary to exclude greens, vegetables, fruits (except lingonberries), butter and vegetable oils from the diet (use only for cooking). Meat and cooking fats are limited, as well as foods that contain huge amounts of calcium salts (dairy products), spicy foods, and spices.

Menu for phosphate kidney stones:

On an empty stomach: rosehip decoction – 1 glass.

1st breakfast: soaked herring, buckwheat porridge, tea.

2nd breakfast: decoction of wheat bran.

Dinner: noodle soup with chicken broth, fried chicken with boiled rice, jelly.

Dinner: protein omelet, fried fish with green peas, tea. Before bedtime: Rosehip decoction – 1 glass. For the whole day: bread (any) – 300 g, sugar – 40 g, butter – 15 g.

Mineral waters in the diet for kidney stones

Treatment with mineral waters is widely used for kidney stones.

For example, after the passage of stones, patients with uric acid diuresis are recommended to take alkaline mineral waters (Essentuki No. 4 and No. 17, Slavyanskaya, Borjomi), for oxalate stones - low-mineralized water (Essentuki No. 20, Naftusya, Sairme), for phosphate stones - mineral waters, promoting urine oxidation (Dolomite Narzan, Naftusya, Arzni).

Yes, clean water without impurities helps to increase daily diuresis, as a result of which small stones can be washed out of the kidneys in the urine or move into the bladder.

However, research shows that not only a large amount of water can prevent the formation of kidney stones, but also any other liquids - herbal decoctions, tea, juices, etc., since water accounts for almost the majority of their composition.

Coffee, tea and carbonated drinks for kidney stones

Many people believe that these drinks contribute to kidney stones for one reason or another. It is believed, for example, that caffeine, which is contained in coffee and is a weak diuretic, contributes to dehydration of the body.

Some types of tea contain high levels of oxalates as well as caffeine. In addition, there is an opinion that carbonated drinks also cause the formation of kidney stones.

But research shows that none of these drinks increase the risk of developing kidney stones. The importance of caffeine, oxalates and soda in this case is too overrated.

But what really increases the risk of stone formation is grapefruit juice. But so far the mechanism that contributes to this is not clear.

Alcohol may cause kidney stones

Another myth that has been dispelled. Some people believe that alcohol, by acting as a diuretic, contributes to dehydration and, consequently, the formation of stones. It is interesting to note studies that indicate that beer and white wine reduce the risk of kidney stones. However, this should not be taken as a call for excessive alcohol consumption to reduce the risk of stone formation.

Vitamin C increases the risk of stone formation

Vitamin C – ascorbic acid – can be broken down into oxalates in the body. While it remains questionable whether megadoses of ascorbic acid promote stone formation, research does not show that vitamin C increases the risk of urolithiasis.

Plants for kidney stones

In the complex treatment of kidney stones, the following medicinal plants are widely used: yarrow, corn silk, knotweed, wild strawberry, horsetail, rose hips, bearberry leaves, parsley, lingonberry, white birch leaves.

For urate kidney stones The following collection is recommended: horsetail herb, St. John's wort herb - 25 g each, yarrow herb, blueberry leaves, common bean pods - 25 g each. 1 tbsp. Infuse the mixture for 6 hours in a glass of cold water, cook for 15 minutes and strain. Drink at one time before meals.

For oxalate kidney stones Two collections are offered: 1) Tricolor violet flowers - 10 g, mountain arnica flowers - 15 g, stinging nettle leaves - 20 g. 3 tbsp. Brew the collection in 0.5 liters of boiling water, boil to 150 ml. Take 20-30 drops 3-4 times a day before meals.

2) Common burdock leaves – 20 g, creeping wheatgrass root – 30 g. 1 tbsp. collection, pour a glass of boiling water, leave for 8 hours in a warm place, strain. Use 2 tbsp. 3-4 times a day before meals.

For phosphate and carbonate kidney stones: 1) Tricolor violet herb, horsetail herb - 30 g each, St. John's wort herb, dandelion herb, laxative herb - 25 g each. 1 tbsp. Brew the collection in a glass of boiling water. Take 1 glass 3 times a day after meals.

2) Shepherd's purse bark - 10 g, field steelhead bark - 15 g, common heather grass - 30 g. 1 tbsp. Brew the collection in a glass of boiling water. Take 1 tbsp. 3-4 times a day after meals.

All pathologies of the urinary system have certain characteristics that require a special approach to treatment, as well as additional ones: special nutrition, exercise therapy, and physiotherapy. A special diet while fighting the disease is very important, because the metabolism of nutrient absorption and breakdown passes through the renal system. Diet for diseases, such as: in patients, is necessary for recovery. Eating according to the rules of dos and don'ts prevents the formation of new stone formations.

The causes of the pathology are improper lifestyle (bad habits, stress, poor daily routine), inflammatory diseases (cystitis, pyelonephritis), impaired metabolism and the individual tendency of the body to form stones.

Urolithiasis (UCD) occurs due to an increase in salt concentration in the urine, which accumulates and degenerates into stone formations. This pathology is common in many people, can exist hidden for a long time, can be acute, chronic, can lead to complicated reactions and is characterized by repetition of processes. All patients with urolithiasis have a tendency for the body to form various stones.

Diagnostic tests determine what type of stones the patient has: phosphate, urate, oxalate, or mixed. In accordance with the type, the choice of diet prescribed by the doctor is made.

Proper nutrition for urolithiasis is important and significant - the combination of products affects the educational functional ability of the renal organs, due to the composition of microelements, which are the chemical components of food.

The diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys includes a combination of permitted food products and a mandatory drinking regime. Such measures prevent the occurrence of stone inclusions, change the composition of urine and remove sediment from the kidneys.

Basics of diet for pathology

The principles that a patient should rely on for diet therapy according to the ICD are:

1. Drinking regimen: It is recommended to drink up to 2.5 liters of purified liquid if you have urolithiasis. It is allowed to take mineral water and rosehip drinks. Tea, compote, juice should be drunk as usual. They do not apply to this item. Your doctor will tell you which mineral water to drink.
2. Fractional meals. It is necessary to divide the time for eating up to 5 times a day. You need to eat in small portions.
3. Balance and energy value of products. The presence of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diet is necessary. Kilocalories should not exceed 2000 units per day. The table should be varied.
4. Taking into account concomitant diseases (especially the stomach and intestines). If the patient, in addition to urolithiasis, has pathologies of the digestive tract, then the diet should be adjusted by a urologist, gastroenterologist and nutritionist.
5. Saturation with vitamins. The required amount of vitamins in the weekly menu must be present in the patient’s diet.

IMPORTANT! Special nutrition for kidney stones helps especially with urates and helps eliminate them. Oxalates, phosphorus and calcium formations cannot be dissolved; here, diets for urolithiasis can only prevent the formation of fresh stones. Changes in diet do not have any effect on the amino acid stone, since it relates to genetic pathologies.

Schematic examples of nutrition for ICD

Nutrition for urates

Such stones are a consequence of impaired purine metabolism (excess uric acid), which causes high acidity of urine. The diet for this type of stones should be aimed at alkalizing the urine and reducing the consumption of foods that can cause purine disturbances. The emphasis is on dairy-vegetable nutrition. In addition, alkaline mineral water for urolithiasis, cranberry and carrot juices are recommended here. It is allowed to drink tea and a small amount of coffee. Strictly prohibited: alcohol for urolithiasis, in the form of red wine and beer.

As can be seen from the table, the table at ICD is varied, everyone can choose the dishes that he likes. Some women like to fast and unload. Diet for urolithiasis Illness in women with urates allows unloading up to 2 times a week: vegetables, kefir, any fruit. Fasting is strictly prohibited, as this can lead to an acetone crisis.

The diet for urolithiasis in men is the same as for the opposite sex. Men love beer very much, but they should know that urolithiasis and beer are incompatible things.

IMPORTANT! Is it possible to eat tomatoes if you have urolithiasis and urate stones? – Yes, tomatoes are not prohibited, but you should limit yourself in taking ketchup and adjika.

Nutrition for oxalate formations

Oxalates are formed due to excessive intake of oxalic acid and ascorbic acid from food; with a lack of calcium and B vitamins.

In case of urolithiasis, the diet of patients with such stones should also include a certain table that affects renal metabolism.

The table shows that the table for patients with oxolates is varied and provides a choice according to preferences. Patients are allowed fasting days with grapes. For urolithiasis, mineral water is recommended up to 2 liters. All types of teas and coffee are allowed to be drunk only with milk.

IMPORTANT! Answering the question: is it possible for a patient with oxolate stones to drink beer during urolithiasis, it is worth noting that beer in limited quantities is not prohibited, but since it is classified as an alcoholic product, you need to think about what is more important - short-term pleasure or a positive result of therapy. Beer and urolithiasis are not entirely compatible things. Only non-alcoholic beer is allowed in small quantities as a source of B vitamins.

For phosphate stones, the same products are allowed and prohibited as for oxolate stones. The table is the same. The prohibitions can be extended to all vegetables and canned food with them, fruits, egg yolks, ice cream, alcohol and coffee. Lingonberry and cranberry fruit drinks will be especially useful here.

A dietary course for patients with urolithiasis should be aimed at improving the patient’s condition and helping to stop recurrences of the disease. Nutritional therapy is especially useful after stone removal operations. Patients should adhere to the rules for taking the products indicated in the tables above. This will serve as a preventive measure to prevent the formation of fresh stones.