What can you eat if you have urolithiasis? How to eat properly if you have urolithiasis. General diet rules

During urolithiasis, changing dietary habits is a priority, since all food breakdown products necessarily pass through the kidneys. Diet for urolithiasis is considered a necessary and important component of the complex treatment of the disease. Taking into account the type of disorders that caused the formation of stones, as well as the chemical composition of the stones, a therapeutic diet is developed and prescribed.

First, let me remind you of the essence of the disease itself. Urolithiasis is the formation of stones and the deposition of sand in the organs of the urinary system. The disease is quite common, and can occur in people of both sexes and all ages, often occurs in a latent and acute form, and is often accompanied by serious complications and relapses.

The reason for the formation of stones and sand is an excessive increase in the concentration of salts of various substances that precipitate (are not excreted from the body) due to disrupted metabolic processes and exposure to certain unfavorable conditions. Among them are dehydration, frequently occurring diseases of the genitourinary system in acute and chronic form (cystitis, pyelonephritis, etc.), nutritional deficiency or vitamin deficiency, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, chronic digestive system, sedentary lifestyle, congenital features or genetic pathology of the structure of the organs of the urinary system, unhealthy diet, hard water, vascular and metabolic disorders directly in the kidneys, and in the body itself.

With timely diagnosis of the disease, proper drug therapy and, most importantly, adherence to diet, treatment is successful and surgical intervention is not required. Careful adherence to a therapeutic diet for urolithiasis prevents the growth of existing stones or the formation of new ones, changes the acidity of urine, which promotes the dissolution of stones. The diet (regardless of the composition of the stone) requires adherence to a drinking regime, which stimulates the processes of removing stones, sand and other sediment from the kidneys and bladder.

So, the type of stones (chemical composition) influences the choice of diet, which is developed by the doctor together with a nutritionist. Stones can be oxalate, urate, phosphate, organic and mixed (a mixture of various salts, found in almost half of the cases). Remember, a therapeutic diet for phosphate stones is completely unsuitable for urate stones; it will stimulate the growth of stones. Therefore, it is very important to trust specialists in matters of nutrition. Because of this, you cannot stick to a strict diet for a long time; this will dramatically change the composition of your urine and provoke the formation of other types of stones. For example, with a long-term alkalizing diet in the case of gout, patients often find phosphate stones in the kidneys. Medical nutrition is recommended during the period of active treatment; in the future, the diet is gradually expanded (again under the supervision of a specialist).

General principles of therapeutic nutrition for kidney stones.
In case of urolithiasis, it is very important to drink 2 to 2.5 liters of clean drinking water during the day (you can use rosehip decoction). Juices, fruit drinks, compotes, teas and other liquids do not count. In general, stones begin to form against the background of an increase in the concentration of ions in the urine, therefore, the more water is filtered and excreted in the urine, the better, the concentration will decrease.

The diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys should be balanced and have sufficient energy value. Existing diseases of the digestive system must be taken into account, since their exacerbation can impair the absorption of vitamins and microelements, which will lead to stone formation.

Meals should be fractional, that is, 5-6 meals a day in small portions.

When does diet help?
Amino acid stones (cysteine ​​and xanthine stones) cannot be corrected with medical nutrition, since they are formed due to genetic pathologies. If certain recommendations are followed, urate stones can be eliminated. Oxalates or phosphorus-calcium stones practically do not dissolve; dietary nutrition will only prevent the formation of new stones.

Diet for the deposition of oxalate stones.
Oxalates are crystals of the calcium salt of oxalic acid; they are formed when there is an increased intake of oxalic acid or vitamin C in food, as well as when the absorption of oxalic acid increases due to a lack of calcium and vitamin B6.

The therapeutic diet includes exclusion from the diet:

• green salad, spinach, sorrel, rhubarb, beets, celery, parsley;
• chocolate, cocoa;
• jelly and jellies;
• figs and purslane;
• vitamin C in the form of a food supplement, as well as products where the vitamin is a preservative;
• smoked meats, saltiness and marinades;
• broths and spices;
• offal.

• salts (especially for children, since oxalates are most often formed in childhood);
• carrots, tomatoes, green beans;
• chicken and beef meat;
• citrus fruits;
• black and red currants, rose hips, gooseberries, blueberries;
• sour varieties of apples;
• sweets;
• young greenery;
• tea, coffee (preferably not strong with milk).

• potatoes, cauliflower, pumpkin, peas, eggplant, prunes, red beans;
• pear, sweet apples, plums, grapes (grape fasting days are recommended), dogwood, apricots, bananas, watermelons;
• all cereals and whole grains (especially buckwheat, wheat bran, oatmeal);
• bran bread;
• nuts;
• dairy products (preferably in the morning);
• infusions of half-palm, madder, birch leaves and violet roots;
• low-fat fish.

Sample menu for one day for oxalate stones.
Breakfast: cottage cheese (100 grams), 200 ml of tea with milk, a piece of bread with butter.
Lunch: rolled oats porridge with milk (150 g), lingonberry juice (can be made from jam) (250 ml).
Dinner: vegetarian vegetable soup (250 ml) with sour cream, a slice of bread, berry compote (250 ml).
Afternoon snack: pasta and cottage cheese casserole (150 g), fruit jelly (250 ml).
Dinner: 100 g of baked beef, boiled potatoes with carrots (150 g), a glass of mineral water.
Second dinner: a small bun (not a muffin), a glass of cranberry juice.

Diet for the deposition of urate stones.
Their formation occurs against the background of an excess of the product of purine metabolism - uric acid - in the urine, as well as when the urine is acidic. Therefore, the diet in this case involves a reduction in the diet of foods rich in purine bases, as well as alkalization of urine. The diet is dairy-vegetable in nature.

Prohibited products:

• canned food, marinades;
• fish and meat of adult animals (you can eat boiled non-fat varieties three times a week), veal and lamb are excluded;
• sausages and various smoked meats;
• offal (brains, liver, lungs);
• salted cheese;
• animal fats (pork, beef or cooking);
• fish;
• jellies;
• sorrel and spinach, cauliflower, rhubarb and figs;
• rich broths, including mushroom ones;
• mushrooms;
• legumes;
• alcoholic drinks (especially beer and red wine);
• tea and coffee (sometimes not strong), cocoa and chocolate, cranberry juice.

• porridge (buckwheat, millet, barley);
• pasta, bread;
• dried fruits, sweets (except chocolate), honey, jam, marmalade;
• potatoes (baked or “in their jacket” are especially useful), tomatoes, sweet peppers, eggplants, cucumbers, radishes (especially in combination with honey), beets;
• nuts and seeds;
• milk and fermented milk products, cottage cheese and mild cheeses;
• eggs;
• any berries and fruits (especially pears, apples, watermelons, apricots and peaches);
• mineral water, lemon juice, fruit drinks, juices (especially carrot);
• dairy and vegetarian soups (based on vegetable broth with the addition of boiled meat);
• parsley, dill, green onions;
• in a small amount of spice;
• decoctions of cornflower flowers, clover, black currant leaves, dandelion roots and burdock.

Sample menu for one day for urate kidney stones.
First breakfast: pudding of carrots, millet and apples (100 g piece), a glass of tea with milk, 150 g of vegetable salad (dressing - vegetable oil).
Lunch: rosehip decoction (250 ml), bun, but not baking.
Dinner: 250 ml noodle soup with milk, a slice of bread, potato cutlets (150 g), berry compote (250 ml).
Afternoon snack: two apples.
Dinner: cabbage rolls with boiled rice and vegetables (200 g), a glass of mineral water.
Second dinner: decoction of wheat bran (250 ml).

Diet for phosphate stones.
Calcium salts of phosphoric acid (apatites) are formed as a result of impaired phosphorus-calcium metabolism, therefore the therapeutic diet is aimed at acidifying urine.

Prohibited products:

• vegetables (including potatoes) and canned vegetables, fruits (juices);
• ice cream;
• milk and fermented milk products (cottage cheese, cheeses) (periodically arrange calcium days);
• alcohol;
• coffee;
• spices and savory snacks;
• carbonated drinks;
• salt in any form and salty foods;
• smoked meats, saltiness, marinades;
• animal fats;
• egg yolk.

• meat and fish (including seafood);
• vegetables (pumpkin, beans, peas, lentils, asparagus, Brussels sprouts);
• sour berries (cranberries, currants, lingonberries);
• pasta, bread and bakery products (except baked goods);
• porridges and soups (vegetable);
• butter and vegetable oil;
• egg white (sometimes);
• liver;
• nuts;
• rosehip decoctions and fruit drinks (especially from cranberries and lingonberries);
• apples and juices from sour varieties of apples and grapes;
• mineral water;
• herbal infusions or teas (burdock root, madder, elecampane, bearberry, lovage, centaury);
• weak meat and mushroom broths;
• moderately sweet;
• salt (10-12 g per day).

Sample menu for phosphaturia (phosphate stones) for one day.
First breakfast: 100 g buckwheat porridge, a glass of tea, egg white.
Lunch: a glass of rosehip infusion, a soft bun.
Dinner: 250 ml portion of soup with meatballs, a slice of bread, a glass of berry compote (you can use dried berries).
Afternoon snack: meat cutlet (no more than 100 g), a glass of jelly.
Dinner: 100 g baked chicken, 100 g boiled rice, a glass of mineral water.
Second dinner: a glass of tea and a piece of grain bread.

Dietary nutrition for urolithiasis is aimed at improving the patient’s condition during therapy, after surgery and to prevent relapse of the disease. The diet and its duration should be prescribed by the attending physician together with a nutritionist based on the data of the medical examination and the tests obtained.

All pathologies of the urinary system have certain characteristics that require a special approach to treatment, as well as additional ones: special nutrition, exercise therapy, and physiotherapy. A special diet while fighting the disease is very important, because the metabolism of nutrient absorption and breakdown passes through the renal system. Diet for diseases, such as: in patients, is necessary for recovery. Eating according to the rules of dos and don'ts prevents the formation of new stone formations.

The causes of the pathology are improper lifestyle (bad habits, stress, poor daily routine), inflammatory diseases (cystitis, pyelonephritis), impaired metabolism and the individual tendency of the body to form stones.

Urolithiasis (UCD) occurs due to an increase in salt concentration in the urine, which accumulates and degenerates into stone formations. This pathology is common in many people, can exist hidden for a long time, can be acute, chronic, can lead to complicated reactions and is characterized by repetition of processes. All patients with urolithiasis have a tendency for the body to form various stones.

Diagnostic tests determine what type of stones the patient has: phosphate, urate, oxalate, or mixed. In accordance with the type, the choice of diet prescribed by the doctor is made.

Proper nutrition for urolithiasis is important and significant - the combination of products affects the educational functional ability of the renal organs, due to the composition of microelements, which are the chemical components of food.

The diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys includes a combination of permitted food products and a mandatory drinking regime. Such measures prevent the occurrence of stone inclusions, change the composition of urine and remove sediment from the kidneys.

Basics of diet for pathology

The principles that a patient should rely on for diet therapy according to the ICD are:

1. Drinking regimen: It is recommended to drink up to 2.5 liters of purified liquid if you have urolithiasis. It is allowed to take mineral water and rosehip drinks. Tea, compote, juice should be drunk as usual. They do not apply to this item. Your doctor will tell you which mineral water to drink.
2. Fractional meals. It is necessary to divide the time for eating up to 5 times a day. You need to eat in small portions.
3. Balance and energy value of products. The presence of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diet is necessary. Kilocalories should not exceed 2000 units per day. The table should be varied.
4. Taking into account concomitant diseases (especially the stomach and intestines). If the patient, in addition to urolithiasis, has pathologies of the digestive tract, then the diet should be adjusted by a urologist, gastroenterologist and nutritionist.
5. Saturation with vitamins. The required amount of vitamins in the weekly menu must be present in the patient’s diet.

IMPORTANT! Special nutrition for kidney stones helps especially with urates and helps eliminate them. Oxalates, phosphorus and calcium formations cannot be dissolved; here, diets for urolithiasis can only prevent the formation of fresh stones. Changes in diet do not have any effect on the amino acid stone, since it relates to genetic pathologies.

Schematic examples of nutrition for ICD

Nutrition for urates

Such stones are a consequence of impaired purine metabolism (excess uric acid), which causes high acidity of urine. The diet for this type of stones should be aimed at alkalizing the urine and reducing the consumption of foods that can cause purine disturbances. The emphasis is on dairy-vegetable nutrition. In addition, alkaline mineral water for urolithiasis, cranberry and carrot juices are recommended here. It is allowed to drink tea and a small amount of coffee. Strictly prohibited: alcohol for urolithiasis, in the form of red wine and beer.

As can be seen from the table, the table at ICD is varied, everyone can choose the dishes that he likes. Some women like to fast and unload. Diet for urolithiasis Illness in women with urates allows unloading up to 2 times a week: vegetables, kefir, any fruit. Fasting is strictly prohibited, as this can lead to an acetone crisis.

The diet for urolithiasis in men is the same as for the opposite sex. Men love beer very much, but they should know that urolithiasis and beer are incompatible things.

IMPORTANT! Is it possible to eat tomatoes if you have urolithiasis and urate stones? – Yes, tomatoes are not prohibited, but you should limit yourself in taking ketchup and adjika.

Nutrition for oxalate formations

Oxalates are formed due to excessive intake of oxalic acid and ascorbic acid from food; with a lack of calcium and B vitamins.

In case of urolithiasis, the diet of patients with such stones should also include a certain table that affects renal metabolism.

The table shows that the table for patients with oxolates is varied and provides a choice according to preferences. Patients are allowed fasting days with grapes. For urolithiasis, mineral water is recommended up to 2 liters. All types of teas and coffee are allowed to be drunk only with milk.

IMPORTANT! Answering the question: is it possible for a patient with oxolate stones to drink beer during urolithiasis, it is worth noting that beer in limited quantities is not prohibited, but since it is classified as an alcoholic product, you need to think about what is more important - short-term pleasure or a positive result of therapy. Beer and urolithiasis are not entirely compatible things. Only non-alcoholic beer is allowed in small quantities as a source of B vitamins.

For phosphate stones, the same products are allowed and prohibited as for oxolate stones. The table is the same. The prohibitions can be extended to all vegetables and canned food with them, fruits, egg yolks, ice cream, alcohol and coffee. Lingonberry and cranberry fruit drinks will be especially useful here.

A dietary course for patients with urolithiasis should be aimed at improving the patient’s condition and helping to stop recurrences of the disease. Nutritional therapy is especially useful after stone removal operations. Patients should adhere to the rules for taking the products indicated in the tables above. This will serve as a preventive measure to prevent the formation of fresh stones.

A diet for kidney stones can be an excellent tool in treatment - or it can be completely useless. This depends on the type of metabolic disorder that led to stone formation, and, therefore, on the chemical composition of the stone.

What are the general dietary guidelines for treating kidney stones?

• One, but very important: drinking enough water. Ideally, 2-2.5 liters daily, preference is given to clean non-mineral water, juices and fruit drinks are allowed, but not tea, coffee, cocoa, beer or wine. The process of stone formation begins with an increased concentration of ions in the urine; accordingly, the more water is filtered with urine, the lower this concentration will be.
• A diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys must be balanced in composition and have sufficient energy value - after all, you will have to stick to it for many years.

If there are any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, this must certainly be taken into account: exacerbation of cholecystitis or pancreatitis, intestinal dysbiosis inevitably leads to impaired absorption of vitamins and microelements, and ultimately contributes to stone formation.

In what cases is the diet effective?

• Amino acid stones - cysteine ​​and xanthine - are formed against the background of genetic abnormalities; they cannot be corrected by diet, but there is hope to get rid of urate stones by following certain recommendations.
• You should not rely on the dissolution of existing oxalates or phosphorus-calcium stones and calcium carbonates, but a diet is necessary to prevent the formation of new stones.
• Magnesium salts of phosphoric acid (struvite) are most often formed not due to metabolic disorders, but against the background of a urinary tract infection. But even in this case, some dietary recommendations will not be superfluous.

So, to choose a diet for urolithiasis, you need to know the chemical composition of the stone.

Urats

They are formed when there is an excess content in the urine of the final product of purine metabolism - uric acid.

• Purines are found in large quantities in meat, especially young animals (chicken, veal), and offal; their concentration is high in jellies and rich broths. Excess purines in mushrooms and legumes. The diet allows you to eat boiled meat or fish no more than 3 times a week.
• Alcoholic drinks, especially beer and red wine, sharply reduce the excretion of uric acid by the kidneys. The content of these products in the diet should be reduced.
• Vegetables, grains and dairy products contain few purines. That is, with urate nephrolithiasis, it is advisable to adhere to a dairy-vegetable diet. Potatoes, tomatoes, sweet peppers, eggplants; buckwheat, millet, barley and pasta; nuts and seeds; milk and fermented milk products, cottage cheese and mild cheeses; eggs, any berries and fruits can be eaten in unlimited quantities.
• Uric acid crystallizes in an acidic environment, so in case of uric acid diathesis, the urine must be alkalized. Alkaline mineral waters (Borjomi, Jermuk, Obukhovskaya), lemon juice and citrate mixtures (blemaren) are suitable for this.
• As herbal medicine, you can use decoctions of clover, blackcurrant leaves, cornflower flowers, burdock and dandelion roots.

Oxalates

Excess oxalates can form with increased consumption of foods containing oxalic acid or vitamin C, which is metabolized in the body before it, as well as with increased absorption of oxalic acid, which is associated with a deficiency of calcium and vitamin B6.

• Therefore, first of all, foods rich in oxalic acid are excluded from the diet: lettuce, spinach, beets, celery, parsley, tea and coffee, chocolate and cocoa, jelly and jellies.
• Limit carrots, tomatoes, green beans, chicken and beef.
• Potatoes and cabbage, pumpkin, peas, pears, apricots, bananas and watermelons, all cereals, dairy products are allowed, preferably in the first half of the day.
• Vitamin C should not be taken as a dietary supplement; foods that contain ascorbic acid as a preservative should be excluded from the diet. Limit foods containing a lot of vitamin C: citrus fruits, currants, rose hips, sour apples.
• You need foods rich in vitamin B6, calcium and magnesium (potatoes, nuts, whole grains).
• The effect of alkaline drinking is small, but herbal medicine - half-palm, madder, birch leaves and violet roots - are highly recommended.

Phosphates

Calcium salts of phosphoric acid (apatites) are formed against the background of disturbances in phosphorus-calcium metabolism (hypervitaminosis D, excess parathyroid hormone, renal tubular acidosis), therefore for this type of urolithiasis it is important to reduce calcium excretion by the kidneys.

The condition for the formation of magnesium compounds (struvite) is a urinary tract infection, so good immunity is needed to prevent them. But both of them crystallize in an alkaline environment, so one of the main goals of the diet for phosphaturia is acidification of urine.

• Vegetables and fruits are sharply reduced in the diet, except for pumpkin, beans, peas, asparagus and Brussels sprouts (they have little calcium and alkalizing components), and sour berries - cranberries, currants, lingonberries.
• Limit milk and dairy products (cheese, cottage cheese), which have an alkalizing effect and are rich in calcium.
• Avoid foods that increase the secretion of gastric juice and, therefore, lead to the loss of acid radicals: alcohol, coffee, spices and spicy snacks, carbonated drinks.
• Excess table salt increases calcium excretion, so if apatite is present, salty foods are also undesirable.
• You can eat meat and fish, pasta and bread, cereals and soups, butter and vegetable oil. You should especially not neglect butter, which, along with liver and egg yolk, is rich in vitamin A. Retinol has been found to help prevent infection and reduce stone formation.
• Against the background of a constantly followed diet, you need to periodically arrange “calcium” days - eat cottage cheese, cheese, nuts - this will prevent the unpleasant consequences of hypocalcemia and will not lead to the growth of stones.
• As with any variant of urolithiasis, with phosphaturia you need to drink a lot, and it is better to choose sour drinks - fruit drinks from cranberries and lingonberries, juice from sour varieties of apples and grapes, mineral waters such as Arzni, Dolomitnaya, Truskavetskaya, Sairme.
• You can also pay attention to herbal teas, especially using herbs that increase the solubility of phosphates: burdock root, madder, elecampane, bearberry, lovage, centaury.

Thus, dietary recommendations are possible if the nature of the stone is established; in all other cases, there is no need to act at random. It is enough to drink more - ordinary fresh water or neutral mineral waters of Zheleznovodsk, herbal decoctions with a diuretic, but without a pronounced alkalizing or acidifying effect, eat food rich in vitamins A and B, empty the bladder more often and move more.

Urolithiasis is a pathology in which stones form in the urinary tract or kidneys from metabolic products. Stones may not cause trouble for a certain time, but in some cases they begin to move through the urinary tract and provoke pain or renal colic.

The presence of stones can be detected by ultrasound of the kidneys or after another type of diagnosis of urinary tract patency. There are several types of stones:

• urates,
• oxalates,
• phosphates.

It is the type of stones that influences the selection of dietary nutrition. A diet for urolithiasis in men and women is a necessity, since the exact cause of the formation of stones is unknown. It is possible that it is poor nutrition that provokes the growth of stones. It is impossible to treat the cause of the pathology, therefore symptomatic and pathogenetic therapy is used. Diet is a technique that should be used in combination with other medications.

One of the most common urological diseases is urolithiasis

General diet rules

Maintaining dietary nutrition depends on the patient's desire to return to a normal lifestyle. If during the period of remission not all patients return to dietary restrictions, then during the period of exacerbation of the disease the diet cannot be abandoned.

Regardless of the types of stones, there are general rules that apply to dietary nutrition:

1. The number of drinks per day should be at least 2–2.5 liters.
2. Protein foods should be consumed in moderation, and you should also pay attention to foods rich in purines.
3. It is recommended to increase the amount of fiber in the diet.
4. It is important to saturate the body with B vitamins.
5. Foods high in calcium can be eaten in limited quantities.
6. Salty and spicy dishes are excluded.
7. Alcohol consumption is prohibited.

The most important point is sufficient consumption of water, as well as drinks that have a natural diuretic effect: raspberry teas, fruit drinks, cranberry infusions. It is not recommended to drink carbonated drinks, with the exception of simple mineral water. Such actions will facilitate the timely excretion of urine, it will not stagnate in the tract and sediment will not have time to form. You can divide the entire daily volume into glasses and take them evenly throughout the day, and drink one glass at night.

In order for daily diuresis to be normal, you need to drink at least two liters of fluid per day

If we talk briefly about each type of stone, then:

1. If you have urate stones, you should limit yourself to fish and meat products.
2. If you have oxalate stones, you should not eat chocolate, sweets, and some vegetables and plants like sorrel.
3. If you have phosphates, you should not abuse alkaline foods, namely cottage cheese, cheese, fruits and vegetables.

Men and women often have different etiologies for the occurrence of stones. Male stones are associated with kidney pathology, and female stones are associated with hormonal imbalances, for example, during menopause. In any case, the diet is prescribed when sand or stones pass through the urinary tract in order to reduce inflammation and improve the condition of the kidneys and bladder.

These rules must also be followed in cases where there is a hereditary predisposition to the formation of kidney stones. You can stick to the diet loosely, but it is better to limit yourself to dangerous foods in advance. And the rules are also suitable for those who have mixed stones.

Nutrition must be balanced and have sufficient energy value for the normal functioning of the body.

Menu according to Pevzner

In the Soviet Union, general dietary tables were developed, which were used in medical institutions and sanatoriums. In case of urolithiasis, it was supposed to eat according to diet No. 6 or No. 7.

Diet No. 7 was prescribed for kidney pathologies, and its main postulates are as follows:

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1. You cannot drink alcohol in any quantity or dosage.
2. Pickles, spices and smoked foods, as well as rich broths made from mushrooms, fish and meat, are excluded from the diet.
3. It is allowed to eat lean meat, stewed or steamed.
4. It is recommended to eat up to 5 times a day, in small portions and combined with plenty of fluids.
5. The maximum amount of salt is 5 grams per day.

Products from the list are allowed:

• baked goods;
• sweets in any form;
• bread products, vermicelli;
• steamed meat, vegetables and fish;
• fruits in any form;
• juices, compotes, fruit drinks.

Urolithiasis is often combined with gout, so in case of pathology, diet No. 6 is sometimes used. It allows you to maintain normal purine metabolism. If this process is disrupted, then the body tends to form urates.

You can eat pasta, bread, various dried fruits, honey, jam, berries and spices in moderation

The diet differs little from table No. 6, with the exception of the amount of salt. In this case, less than 2 grams of salt per day is consumed. And the daily water intake increases to 2–2.5 liters.

Diet when detecting urates

Since urates are products formed on the basis of acids, the patient’s main task is to alkalinize the urine. Therefore, the diet largely consists of dairy products and vegetable dishes. It is important to make meals as regular as possible, without long breaks during the day. Their optimal number is 5-6 times. Fatty foods are completely excluded.

You can include in your diet:

• porridge cooked in milk;
• stewed vegetables;
• berries and fruits, nuts in unlimited quantities;
• cottage cheese, kefir, fermented baked milk and other fermented milk products;
• cereals, flour products;
• vegetable oils in any form;
• eggs.

You cannot eat fatty rich broths, soups, drink coffee, tea and cocoa. It is important to exclude fast food from your diet, and also avoid fish oil, veal, and baked or seasoned pork.

Therapeutic nutrition for urolithiasis helps the body recover and acts as an excellent prevention

What to eat if you find oxalates

The detection of oxalates in the urinary tract causes a diet with a sharp limitation in the amount of table salt and carbohydrates. Oxalates are most easily absorbed and eliminated from the body without surgery if they are small in size. The maximum amount of carbohydrates per day is no more than 0.5 kg.

The main rule of the diet for urolithiasis in men and oxalates is to reduce the amount of oxalic acid, it is found in foods such as:

• green crops (spinach, sorrel);
• currant;
• chocolate;
• citruses;
• confectionery;
• candies;
• sour fruits;
• rich broths.

Peaches, pears, grapes are allowed fruits in the summer, provided they drink plenty of fluids. For first courses, you can cook vegetable soups, you can eat vegetable oil and eggs, lean fish, and milk porridges. Red meat should be consumed every other day or two, and also alternated with chicken meat. If the disease has worsened, then dairy products must be excluded.

Phosphate stones

Phosphate stones are formed in the case of hypercalcemia, that is, a high level of calcium in the blood. Therefore, in order to receive less of the element, it is recommended to limit yourself to dairy products and fruits.

Urolithiasis is characterized by the formation of urinary stones in the kidneys due to impaired metabolism or inflammatory processes. A diet for urolithiasis helps reduce inflammation and prevent the formation of new salt deposits. The diet is selected by the doctor after a full examination, taking into account test results, age and gender of the patient.

General diet rules

Urolithiasis affects both men and women of any age. Diet therapy is designed to improve the patient’s condition, normalize metabolic processes and reduce the risk of stones. Diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys is an addition to treatment, but it should be strictly followed. It is especially important to adhere to nutritional recommendations in the postoperative period and during an exacerbation of the disease.

Basic principles of the diet:

• the daily volume of fluid consumed should be at least 2-2.5 liters;
• it is necessary to limit the consumption of salt, protein foods and foods containing purine bases;
• alcohol is completely prohibited;
• You should include foods rich in plant fiber in your diet;
• You need to eat in small portions, removing fatty, spicy and salty foods from the menu;
• it is necessary to limit the consumption of foods high in calcium;
• Additionally, you should take vitamins A and B6.

The diet for urolithiasis involves adherence to an enhanced drinking regime throughout the entire period of treatment. Drinking plenty of fluids helps reduce urine concentration. This leads to a decrease in its stagnation. Doctors recommend drinking not only plain and mineral water without gas, but also fruit drinks, cranberry or lingonberry infusions. 8-10 glasses should be evenly distributed throughout the day, drinking one of them at night before bed.

Diet features

The diet for urolithiasis depends on the type of kidney stones. Doctors distinguish between phosphate, urate and oxalate stones. Nutritional recommendations are given to the patient after a detailed examination, based on the composition of salt deposits:

• If oxalates are detected, magnesium supplementation is prescribed; foods rich in oxalic acid are prohibited. It is forbidden to eat chocolate, sweets, fatty soups and spinach with sorrel.
• With urates, the intake of foods that can lead to the synthesis of uric acid in the body is limited. It is not recommended to eat meat and fish, vegetable fats.
• With phosphates, products that alkalize urine are prohibited. These are fermented milk drinks and cottage cheese, fruits and vegetables.

Men more often suffer from urolithiasis at a young age, women are susceptible to the formation of stones when they reach menopause. A diet for urolithiasis in men is usually aimed at treating the kidneys and urinary tract. It helps remove small stones and sand. A diet for urolithiasis in women helps reduce inflammation in the pelvic organs and treat cystitis.

The general diet for men and women for urolithiasis of the kidneys is based on adherence to treatment table No. 7. The nutrition plan in this case involves adherence to the following dietary principles:

• Mushroom, fish and meat broths, alcohol of any strength and pickles with smoked meats are prohibited;
• food should be boiled, stewed, steamed or baked;
• the daily amount of table salt should not exceed 5 grams, and only ready-made dishes can be salted;
• the weight of a serving should not exceed 250 grams;
• You should eat 4-5 times a day, monitoring your drinking regime.

The menu for table No. 7 should include:

• baked goods, rich breads and flour products;
• sweet confectionery with desserts;
• vegetable soups based on cereals, herbs and pasta;
• boiled or steamed cutlets;
• boiled fish;
• vegetable stew;
• pasta and vermicelli;
• berries and sweet fruits;
• egg omelettes;
• preserves, honey and jams;
• creamy and sweet sauces;
• juices, compotes and berry decoctions.

Nutrition when urate is detected

The diet for the treatment of urolithiasis with urates is based on alkalization of urine. It consists of vegetarian dishes and dairy drinks. Products containing purines are completely excluded from the diet. Meals should be portioned, preferably six times a day. There should not be long breaks between meals. Salt consumption is kept to a minimum, alcohol and fats are completely prohibited.

Allowed to use:

• baked or stewed vegetables;
• liquid vegetable soups;
• cereal porridge with water and milk;
• fruit juices and purees;
• berries;
• nuts;
• fermented milk and milk drinks;
• cottage cheese with cream;
• vegetable oils;
• cereals;
• flour products and baked goods;
• alkaline mineral water, fruit drinks and compotes;
• eggs.

The following are prohibited:

• pickles and canned food;
• meat dishes from poultry, pork and veal;
• offal, smoked meats and sausages;
• hot chocolate, cocoa and coffee;
• alcoholic drinks;
• fish and pork fat;
• fish;
• strong teas;
• fatty broths and soups.

You cannot go hungry during treatment; you should eat small and balanced meals. It is recommended to do vegetable or fruit fasting days once a week. The daily amount of carbohydrates should not exceed 400 grams. You can consume no more than 80 grams of protein and fat per day. Vegetables allowed are cucumbers, carrots and cabbage, beets and potatoes. Fruits you can eat are figs, plums, pears with apples and grapes.

Nutrition for oxalate stones

The diet for urolithiasis with oxalate stones is based on fractional meals with the exception of carbohydrates and table salt. When followed, oxalates stop increasing in size and are gradually eliminated from the body. There should be 6 meals per day, and the amount of carbohydrates should not exceed 500 grams.

• low-fat fish dishes;
• legumes and carrots;
• grapes, peaches and apples with pears;
• vegetable soups with cauliflower, pumpkin and peas;
• buckwheat and oat milk porridge;
• fermented milk drinks;
• unsalted cheese and cottage cheese;
• prunes;
• vegetable oil;
• bread;
• eggs.

It is prohibited to use:

• spinach and sorrel, other green crops;
• fatty broths from meat and poultry;
• chocolate;
• canned food and pickles;
• citruses;
• sour fruits and berries;
• currants;
• sweets and desserts.

Boiled meat can be consumed every other day, alternating it with chicken. Vegetables allowed in small quantities are cabbage, turnips, carrots with cucumbers and green peas. In addition to ordinary and mineral water, it is recommended to drink a decoction of currant and grape leaves. During an exacerbation of the disease, intake of dairy products is limited.

Diet for phosphate stones

Nutrition for urolithiasis in women and men after detection of phosphate stones in the kidneys should be frequent and balanced. The diet in this case is aimed at acidifying the urine and reducing the intake of calcium into the body. To achieve this, restrictions are introduced on the consumption of vegetables and dairy products, table salt and fruits.

Allowed to be included in the diet:

• white and black bread;
• baked goods;
• pasta with vermicelli;
• poultry meat;
• pork, veal and beef;
• fish;
• legumes;
• unsweetened fruits with berries;
• mushrooms;
• butter and vegetable oil;
• cereals, including lentils, buckwheat and rice;
• teas and herbal decoctions.

It is prohibited to use:

• smoked meats and marinades;
• canned food;
• fermented milk drinks and cottage cheese;
• sweet fruits;
• juices and fruit and berry compotes;
• alcohol;
• vegetables.

The diet for urolithiasis sometimes allows you to include cabbage, tomatoes, potatoes and cucumbers with herbs in the menu. You can eat grains twice a week. Fruits you can eat are grapes, plums and sour apples. It is recommended to brew fruit drinks from red currants and cranberries, slightly diluting them with water when drinking.

You will have to follow the diet prescribed by your doctor for a long time. It is not recommended to create a menu on your own due to possible complications in the future. The list of permitted and prohibited products can be supplemented or reduced depending on the condition of the body and the severity of the disease.