Calendar of Memorable Dates Memorial Day of Nestor the Chronicler. Dates of the life of the chronicler Nestor. glory, and now

The second part of the workbook for the 4th grade on the subject "The World around" by the authors Pleshakov, Novitskaya (Perspective program) is quite complicated, but the children are no longer small, able to understand both history and archeology. Basically, in this workbook, or rather in its second part, history is touched upon.

Fundamental here is the "river of time", which is being worked on throughout the second half of the school year. Apparently, at the lessons of the "surrounding world" the authors decided to prepare the children in advance for the lessons of history, which they will begin to study in the 5th grade.

At the end of the notebook, Pleshakov again turns to the topic of folk art, apparently trying to instill in his students patriotism, which he failed to instill from the first grade.

Answers to tasks are checked and approved by the primary school teacher.

Click on the page numbers to view the GDZ for them.

Page 3

Answers to pages 3-5. JOURNEY ON THE RIVER OF TIME

1. With the help of additional literature or the Internet, find out about one of the heroes of the oral epic creativity of the peoples of your region. Write a short story about him.

Alyosha Popovich is a folk hero of the Russian epic epic. Alyosha Popovich, as the youngest, is the third most important in the heroic trinity, along with Ilya Muromets and Dobrynya Nikitich. He defeated Tugarin, the hero of the enemy army, in battle. Alyosha Popovich is distinguished not by strength, but by prowess, onslaught, sharpness, resourcefulness, cunning.

Draw an illustration for one of the exploits of this hero.

2. Match the years and centuries. Fill in the table.

1861 19
74 1
1492 15
2000 20
988 10
1945 20
2015 21

3. Write down the years of birth of your grandparents, parents and the year you were born. Determine and write down which centuries these years correspond to.

Sample answers:

grandmother's birth - 1953 - 20th century
birth of grandfather - 1952 - 20th century
mother's birth - 1983 - 20th century
birth of the pope - 1976 - 20th century
my birth - 2008 - 21st century

Indicate on the "River of Time" diagram (p. 40-41) the centuries when these events took place. Cut out the tablets from the application, stick them on and indicate the corresponding eyelids with arrows.

Description of the "River of Time" scheme:
3rd-7th centuries BC - domination of the Scythians
5th c. BC. - 484-425 years. - Herodotus
9th c. - 862 - Calling Rurik to reign in Novgorod
10th c. - 988 - Baptism of Rus'
12th c. - 1147 - The first mention of Moscow.
14th c. - 1380 - Battle of Kulikovo
15th c. - 1480 - The end of the Horde dominion over Russia
16th century - 1564 - Publication of the first Russian printed book
17th century - 1613 - End of the Time of Troubles
18th century - 1712 - St. Petersburg became the capital of Russia
19th century - 1812 - Patriotic War
19th century - 1861 - The abolition of serfdom in Russia
19th century - 1891 - Start of construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway
20th century - 1914 - The beginning of the First World War
20th century - 1917 - Revolutions and the beginning of the Civil War in Russia
20th century - 1941-1945 - The Great Patriotic War
20th century - Birth of my grandparents
20th century - 1961 - First manned flight into space
20th century - The birth of my dad and mom
20th century - 1991 - Formation of the Russian Federation
21st century - 200? g. - My birth *
21st century - 201? d. - Graduation from elementary school *
* You put down these dates on the "River of Time" yourself.

4. Using the text of the textbook, determine the age when the ancient Greek historian and traveler Herodotus lived. Mark this age on the diagram "River of Time"...

Answer: Herodotus lived in the 5th century.

5. Project "Calendar of Memorable Dates".

Start compiling a "Calendar of memorable dates." Collect calendar pages in a folder. Using the textbook material (p. 6), additional literature, the Internet, make a trial version of the first page of the calendar, dedicated to Nestor the chronicler - the father of Russian history.

When preparing pages, use the following plan:

1. Memorial Day (day, month)
2. The name of the event or the name of an outstanding figure in history and culture.
3. Dates of birth and death of an outstanding figure.
4. His contribution to the history and culture of the country.
5. If the memorable date is dedicated to a significant event, write a short description of it.

(c. 1056 - 1114)

The chronicler Nestor was a monk and lived in the Kiev Caves Monastery. Based on oral traditions, he compiled the first book on the history of Ancient Rus' and gave it the title "The Tale of Bygone Years".

This oldest historical document describes a period of history from biblical times to 1117. The dated part of the history of the Old Russian state begins with the reign of Emperor Michael (852).

Monuments to Nestor the Chronicler were erected in Kyiv and Vladimir.

Page 6-7. TRAVELING WITH ARCHAEOLOGISTS

1. Find on the map the location of the Scythian burial mounds on Russian soil. Mark them by sticking deer figurines from the Application.

Crimea, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, Voronezh and Belgorod Regions, Orenburg Regions, Altai.

2. Using the large deer figurine from the Appendix, mark the centuries of the Scythian domination on the "River of Time" diagram.

3. Using the textbook, make a page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to A.P. Okladnikov.

Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich (October 3, 1908 - November 18, 1981).

Okladnikov Alexey Pavlovich - Soviet archaeologist, historian, ethnographer. The main works of Okladnikov are devoted to studies of the history of primitive culture, Paleolithic and Neolithic art, the history of Siberia and the Far East.

Born in the family of a teacher. Even at school, he was fond of history and local history. In 1925, Okladnikov entered the University of Irkutsk, where he replenished his knowledge in the "Ethnology" circle of Professor B. E. Petri.

About Alexey Pavlovich Okladnikov they say that he had a unique capacity for work. The academician did not drink, did not smoke, and in life, except for science, nothing else attracted him. In archeology, he was a real ace. Only the list of works written by Okladnikov amounted to about 80 pages of the smallest text. However, he cannot be classified as an armchair scientist. Alexey Pavlovich's whole life was spent on archaeological expeditions, he traveled the Asian part of the former USSR up and down and often wrote his books, sitting by the fire.

He made scientific discoveries in passing, that is, he literally discovered them under his feet. For example, in 1949, Alexei Pavlovich was on an excursion next to the Egyptian pyramids as part of an international delegation. He, unlike his foreign colleagues who admired the beauty, immediately drew attention to the suspicious stones scattered around the pyramids. These stones had chips that only a man of the Stone Age could make. So he discovered the Egyptian Paleolithic, material evidence of which was searched in vain by scientists all over the world.

In Mongolia, this story repeated itself. The Americans spent huge amounts of money on an archaeological expedition to find traces of the presence of an ancient person there. They searched for several years, but to no avail. Aleksey Pavlovich had just managed to get off the plane when he discovered these traces. On the way from the airport to Ulaanbaatar, he collected a suitcase full of stone finds.

In 1928, Alexey Pavlovich drew attention to one of the most remarkable monuments of rock art in Siberia - the Shishkinsky rocks, the petroglyphs of which were first mentioned in the 18th century by the traveler Miller, and the artist Lorenius made several sketches. Okladnikov, as it were, rediscovered this monument of the ancient art of the peoples of Siberia and spent decades conducting his research there, as a result of which he published two fundamental monographs.

In the 1930s, Okladnikov headed the Angarsk archaeological expedition, which for three years explored the banks of the Angara for 600 kilometers - from Irkutsk to the village of Bratsk. The small funds allocated for the expedition did not allow at that time to launch excavations of any significant scale. Ancient monuments could only be fixed and, at best, briefly examined.

During the Great Patriotic War, Okladnikov worked in Yakutia on the Lena River. At the same time, he began excavating the remains of the camp of the Russian polar expedition on the northern island of Thaddeus and in the region of the Taimyr Peninsula (Sims Bay). The archaeologist managed to reconstruct the picture of the death of the earliest known expedition of Russian industrialists, who went east along the shores of the Arctic Ocean.

For more than half a century, every summer, Okladnikov went on expeditions to search for and study traces of the presence of an ancient man on the territory of our country. He has the honor of discovering a number of remarkable monuments of the distant past: sites and rock carvings, discovered and studied under his leadership on the Angara, Lena, Kolyma, Selenga, Amur and Ussuri, for the first time made it possible to accurately and fully present the history of the ancient inhabitants of Siberia and the Far East for many years. millennia.

In 1961, Okladnikov went to work at the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Akdemgorodok). He was appointed director of the Institute of History, Philology and Philosophy. He held this position until his death in 1981. Now Okladnikov's work is continued by his numerous students who work in every city where there is a history department at the university.

Source: Irkipedia

Answers to pages 8-9. ON THE PAGES OF THE CHRONICLE

1. Using the map of the textbook, color the places of settlement of the ancient Slavs on the map in the appropriate colors. Sign the names of the unions of the tribes of the Eastern Slavs.

See textbook.

2. Visit the local museum of local lore. Look at and draw some archaeological finds.

Write a short story about what these archaeological finds told you about the past of the region.

In the museum of local lore, I saw many archaeological finds that told me about the life of people many years ago. One of the finds is the pottery of ancient people. This means that many centuries ago people were able to make objects from clay and burn them.

Ancient people were also engaged in animal husbandry, hunting and fishing. This becomes clear thanks to other exhibits of the museum - iron household items. Among them are tips, fishing hooks and weights, harness for livestock.

The museum also has ancient weapons. This means that these people fought, or they had to defend themselves from enemies.

But the pagan figurines made of stone and clay speak of who the ancient people worshipped.

Page 10-11. ORIGINS OF ANCIENT Rus'

2. Using the text of the textbook, fill in the gaps.

IN 10 century in Rus' was no less 25 cities. By the 12th century there were already more 300 .

3. Designate the century on the "river of time" diagram. when Rurik was called to reign in Novgorod.

See the picture above "The River of Time".

4. Match the texts on birch bark and fragments of their translation in the appendices. Paste the translation in each charter.

Page 12-13. WISE CHOICE

1. Designate on the river of time the age of the adoption of Christianity in Rus'.

See the picture The River of Time.

Calculate how much time has passed from the year of the baptism of Rus' to the current year. Write down this number.

Answer: 2019 - 988 = 1031 years

2. Cut out photos from the application and paste them into the appropriate boxes.

3. Carefully read the Christian commandments on p. 21 textbooks. Remember your actions that are in accordance with these commandments, and give examples of them.

Answer: When I tell the truth, I fulfill the commandment "Do not lie." And if I do not envy another, then I act according to the commandment "Do not desire." When I obey my parents, respect them, then I fulfill the commandment "Honor your father and mother."

4. Match the dates of the days of memory and photos. Connect with lines.

5. Using the textbook and additional sources of information, compile a page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to the creator of Slavic writing Cyril and Methodius, Princess Olga or Prince Vladimir the Holy (optional).

Cyril (827-869) and Methodius (815-885)

CYRIL AND METHODIUS - brothers from Thessalonica (Thessaloniki), Slavic enlighteners, creators of the Slavic alphabet, preachers of Christianity. Cyril and Methodius in 863 were invited from Byzantium by Prince Rostislav to the Great Moravian state to introduce worship in the Slavic language.

Our alphabet is now almost in the form in which it was brought to Rus' by the brothers Cyril and Methodius. They translated many books, mostly religious, from Greek into Slavonic, introduced services in the Slavic language. They suffered a lot of persecution from the Roman Catholics for this: they did not want the Slavs to have their own script. To this the brothers answered: "Does not the sun shine for all, does it not rain for all, does not the Word of God's truth come to all, and in the language that man speaks?"

The chronicler reports that the first words written by the brothers in Slavic were from the Gospel of John: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God."

On the basis of the Slavic alphabet there was an alphabetic prayer. "Az buki lead" in translation: I know (know) the letters. "Verb, good, eat, live" in translation: it's good to live kindly. "Kako, people, think" - this does not need to be translated. As well as "rtsy, the word, firmly," that is: speak the word confidently, firmly.

The day of the holy Thessalonica brothers Cyril and Methodius is celebrated just on the day when the last bell rings in our schools, May 24th. This day is a holiday of Slavic writing and culture.

Page 14-15. HEIR OF KIEVAN Rus'

1. Using the Internet, find out the years of foundation or the first mention of the cities of North-Eastern Rus'. Fill the table.

2. Read a fragment from the Russian epic ... Write down parental instructions from the epic or the blessing of Vladimir Monomakh, which seem to you the most important in our time. You can write in your own words.

Do only good deeds
don't hurt the weak
help the poor, orphans, widows
do not break your oath, keep your promises
don't punish the innocent

3. Indicate with arrows which attractions are in Kyiv and which are in Vladimir.

4. Using the textbook and additional sources of information, make a page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to Prince Andrei Bogolyubsky.

Andrei Yurievich Bogolyubsky (c. 1111 - 1174)

Andrei Bogolyubsky is the son of Yuri Vladimirovich (Dolgoruky) and the Polovtsian princess, the daughter of Khan Aepa Osenevich.

According to the report of the late "Life of Andrei Bogolyubsky" (1701), Andrei Yuryevich received the nickname "Bogolyubsky" after the name of the city of Bogolyubov near Vladimir, his main residence.

Andrei Bogolyubsky was the most important political and spiritual figure in the history of Rus' in 1160-1170, as he not only contributed to the creation of a powerful Vladimir-Suzdal principality (on the site of the former Rostov fiefdom of his grandfather, Vladimir Monomakh), but also turned the city of Vladimir-on- Klyazma to the center of the political and spiritual life of Rus'.

During the reign of Andrei Bogolyubsky, the Vladimir-Suzdal principality achieved considerable power and was the strongest in Rus', and later it became the core of the modern Russian state.

Andrei's father, the Suzdal prince Yuri Dolgoruky, sought to establish himself in Kyiv and waged endless feuds with his opponents. Andrei was forced for the time being to obey his father's will. During periods of short-term reigns of Yuri in Kyiv, he ruled in neighboring destinies - Vyshgorod, Turov, Pinsk (1149-1151, 1155). But he did not like reigning in the troubled southern lands, where his fate would depend on the mood of the squad and the veche decisions of the townspeople.

Power-hungry and capricious in character, Andrei wanted to give a dominant position among the Russian principalities to the Rostov-Suzdal land, to make it the center of state life in Rus'. This prompted him in 1155 to flee to the Suzdal land against the will of his father.

The residence founded by the prince in Bogolyubovo became Andrei's favorite place of residence, who has since been nicknamed Bogolyubsky. In 1157, after the death of Yuri Dolgoruky, the people of Rostov and Suzdal unanimously proclaimed Andrei a prince. But he chose not Suzdal, but Vladimir, as the capital of the principality, where he launched stone construction on a grand scale.

Under Andrei, the Golden Gates, the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, the Assumption Cathedral were built - world-famous masterpieces of ancient Russian architecture - many monasteries, temples, fortifications.

Bogolyubsky dispossessed and expelled four of his brothers, two nephews, dissatisfied with his autocracy of the boyars. These measures strengthened the princely positions, but at the same time increased the number of enemies.

However, Andrei's political interests extended far beyond the borders of North-Eastern Rus'. The reason for one of the strife was the fact that the Kiev prince Mstislav Izyaslavich - Andrey's longtime opponent - of his own free will sent his son Roman to reign in Novgorod.

In 1169, the united army of 11 princes, equipped with Bogolyubsky, moved to Kyiv. The devastated and plundered city forever lost its former significance as the center of Rus', and the leadership in the Russian lands finally passed to the city of Vladimir.

Page 16-17. MOSCOW - VLADIMIR'S SUCCESSOR

1. Indicate on the "river of time" diagram the century of the first mention of Moscow in the annals. (12th century)

2. Consider a reproduction of the painting. Use it to write a story about Moscow in the time of Ivan Kalita.

The reproduction of A. M. Vasnetsov "The Moscow Kremlin under Ivan Kalita" depicts ancient Moscow. It can be seen that this is a fortified city - a fortress and a fence were built around it. Almost all buildings are wooden, including the fortress and the towers on it. Only temples are built of stone.

Moscow began to be built on the banks of the river. On the reproduction we see that boats are standing at the pier. Probably, they brought some kind of cargo for the residents of Moscow or for the construction of the city.

It can also be noted that the roads in those days were very bad, and the movement was carried out with the help of horses. As you can see in the picture, horses are pulling carts with cargo. At the same time, there were already some devices for lifting the load, as can be seen in the lower right part of the reproduction.

3. Find songs, legends, proverbs and other works of art in the works of the peoples of your region, in which the dream of people about peace and harmony with each other is expressed.

To live in neighbors is to be in conversations.
What are the neighbors, such is the conversation.
Don't buy a yard, buy a neighbor.
Do not buy yourself a house, but buy a neighbor: you will buy a house, but you will not sell your neighbor.




Be friends with your neighbor, but hold on to your sword.
Be friends with your neighbor, and you are a city.

Neighborhood is mutual.



It's a bad thing to offend a neighbor.
What more to annoy a neighbor, if not with a tongue?
Thistles and sow thistles make their way from neighbor to neighbor under the tyn.
What is at home, do not go to the neighbor for that.

4. Designate on the "River of Time" diagram the century when the Battle of Kulikovo took place. (14th century)

5. Using the textbook and additional sources of information, make a page of the "calendar of memorable dates" dedicated to the Battle of Kulikovo.

The Battle of Kulikovo - the battle of the Russian regiments led by the Grand Duke of Moscow and Vladimir Dmitry Ivanovich and the Horde army under the command of Khan Mamai on September 8, 1380 on the Kulikovo field (currently located in the southeast of the Tula region), a turning point in the struggle of the Russian people against the yoke Golden Horde.

In 1380, Prince Dmitry Ivanovich sat on the Moscow throne. At that time, Rus' was fragmented into principalities and was under the yoke of the Mongol-Tatars. Dmitry was well aware that in order to successfully fight the Mongol-Tatars, all Russian principalities must join their forces.

Prince Dmitry sent messengers throughout Rus' with his letters and in 30 days gathered a huge army. Sergius of Radonezh, the founder of the Trinity Monastery, blessed the prince for the battle with the Mongol-Tatars. He gave Dmitry two monks, famous warriors - Peresvet and Oslyabya.

Dmitry led his troops towards the Mongol ruler Mamai. They met on the Kulikovo field, where the Nepryadva river flows into the Don.

Dmitry fought as a simple warrior along with his army. The battle lasted almost a whole day. The Mongols began to overcome, but an ambush regiment hit them in the rear - and the Mongols fled. So the Russian troops won.

In honor of the victory in this battle, the prince-commander was nicknamed Dmitry Donskoy. Although our troops won a victory on the Kulikovo field, Rus' still had a hundred years of struggle against the Mongol-Tatar yoke ahead.

Page 18-19. THE BEGINNING OF THE MOSCOW KINGDOM

1. Designate on the diagram "River of Time" the century of the liberation of Rus' from the Horde dominion. (15th)

2. Consider a reproduction of paintings. Compare Moscow under Dmitry Donskoy and Ivan III. Write down the main differences.

The main difference is that under Dmitry Donskoy, only the walls of the Kremlin (made of white stone) and the Assumption Cathedral were made of stone. All other buildings were wooden. Ivan III built the Kremlin from red brick and replaced many buildings in it with stone ones. Several new cathedrals (temples) appeared, and a royal palace was built.

3. Look at the photos. Check the Assumption Cathedral in Moscow.

Answers to page 20-21. RUSSIANS AND PAVELERS

1. Indicate on the "River of Time" diagram the century when the first Russian printed book was published. (16th century)

2. Imagine yourself as one of the first printers. Come up with your own sign and draw it. Explain what you mean by it.

My sign depicts an open book, the light of enlightenment emanates from it, because a book is a source of knowledge. Above is my monogram, i.e. initial letters of the first and last name.

3. Pick up proverbs and riddles about books, including those in the work of the peoples of your region.

Russian proverbs about books:

The book in happiness decorates, and in misfortune comforts.
Who knows more, and books in his hands.
The book is your best friend.
The book is not red in writing, it is red in mind.
From time immemorial, the book raises a person.
It is not good to read books when there are only a few inches in them.
The book is good, but the readers are bad.
Books don't tell, they tell the truth.
Read books, but don't forget things.
Reading books is not playing patty.
If you read books, you will know everything.
Choose a book the way you choose a friend.
A book is to the mind what warm rain is to seedlings.
Books do not like to be honored, but they love to be read.
The book is like water: the road will break through everywhere.
The book will help in work, help out in trouble.
One good book is better than any treasure.
A good book is a sincere friend.
A good book shines brighter than a star.
The book is food for the mind.
The book is your friend, without it it’s like without hands.
The book of the book is different: one teaches, the other torments.
The book is not an airplane, but it will take you to distant lands.
The book is not a hat, but choose according to your head.
In the book, look not for letters, but for thoughts.
Behind the book - move your mind.
Some book enriches, and another - from the path seduces.
Another book of the mind will add, another and the last will repel.
Another leads his eyes through the book, but his mind walks sideways.
To whom the book is entertainment, and to whom it is teaching.
Who knows az yes beeches, and books in his hands.
Wasted work - to fish without a hook and learn without a book.
One book teaches thousands of people.
To know books - to gain mind.
To live with a book is not to grieve for a century.
You will lead with the book - you will gain your mind.
A mind without a book is like a bird without wings.
You can't say smarter than a book.
Different from books, different from the valley.
There is not a single book in the house - the owner's kids are bad.

Russian riddles about the book:

She herself is small, but she gave her mind.

Not a bush, but with leaves,
Not a shirt, but sewn
Not a person, but tells.

Not a tree, but with leaves,
Not a shirt, but sewn
Not a plant, but with a root,
Not a person, but with a mind.

Who speaks silently?

4. Circle the route of Semen Dezhnev's travel on the map. Sign the names of the two oceans that "meet" at Cape Dezhnev.

Page 22-23. ON THE WAY TO UNITY

1. Pick up the proverbs of the peoples of your region about the need for friendship and unity. Write them down.

Proverbs:

You can live without a brother, but not without a neighbor.
A close neighbor is better than distant relatives.
The hostess did not save dinner, so, apparently, to push to the neighbor.
There is no greater problem than bad neighbors.
It’s bad to live if you don’t make friends with your neighbors.
Let the neighbor into the house, and go to the neighbors yourself.
The neighbor does not want to, and there will be no peace.
Neighborhood is mutual.
Then the neighbor is kind when the bag is full.
A good neighbor is the biggest relative.
It's good when the neighbor is close and the fence is low.
It's a bad thing to offend a neighbor.

2. Color the traditional costumes of the peoples of the Volga region - Mari, Mordovian, Tatar and Chuvash.

3. Identify from photographs the cities in which important events of the Time of Troubles took place. Connect with lines.

4. Using the textbook and additional sources of information, make a page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky.

Minin (late 16th century - 1616) and Pozharsky (1578 - 1642)

Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky - leaders of the second people's militia during the Polish intervention in the Time of Troubles in 1611-1612.

At the beginning of the 17th century, Russian land was occupied by enemies - the Poles. Even in Moscow, the capital, there was a Polish garrison, and Novgorod was captured by the Swedes. Russia was threatened with the loss of independence.

In the autumn of 1611, in Nizhny Novgorod, the zemstvo headman Kuzma Minin began to gather the people's militia (army) to fight the enemies. One of the best military leaders of that time, Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky, was called to command the militia.

Militias from all over the country began to gather in Nizhny Novgorod. For almost a year, Russian people gathered forces, and finally, in July 1612, the militia of Minin and Pozharsky marched on Moscow. The battle took place on August 24, it was stubborn and bloody. The Polish garrison settled in the Kremlin and held out for about two months. In the end, hunger forced the enemies to come out. Soon, all Russian land was cleared of foreign invaders.

In Moscow, on Red Square, a monument was erected with the following inscription: "Grateful Russia to Citizen Minin and Prince Pozharsky."

Minin and Pozharsky

Since 2005, our country has celebrated National Unity Day in memory of the events of 1612, when the people's militia led by Kuzma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky liberated Moscow from Polish invaders.

5. Designate on the scheme "River of Time" the age of the end of the Time of Troubles. (17th century)

Answers to pages 24-25. THE BEGINNING OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

1. Consider a reproduction of a painting. Write a short story about it.

HELL. Kivshenko. Military games of amusing troops of Peter I near the village of Kozhukhovo

Answer: The artist Kivshenko depicted the war games of young Peter I in his picture. Young Peter rides a horse with a saber in his hand, acting as commander in chief. Next to the sovereign is a drummer, a rhythm beater and a trumpeter.

In the middle plan of the picture, several detachments of soldiers in military clothes of that time are visible. Each detachment (or regiment) has its own color of clothing, its own commanders. Soldiers of the "amusing" troops carry banners with the coat of arms of the Russian Empire - a double-headed eagle.

In the background of the picture, you can see the landscape of the area where the "funny" battles were held - the vicinity of the village of Kozhukhovo. A cannon is visible on the cliff, next to it are high fortresses, which, apparently, had to be stormed.

As is known from history, young Peter formed “amusing” troops from his peers and learned to fight. Foreign officers helped him to master military literacy. Later, from these amusing battalions, the Semenovsky and Preobrazhensky regiments were formed - the basis of Peter's guard.

2. Consider the monuments to Peter I in different cities of Russia. Write down why, in your opinion, the monuments to Peter I were erected:

in St. Petersburg - this city was founded by Peter, it bore and bears his name.
in Petrozavodsk - in this city, on the orders of Peter, an arms factory was built.
in Arkhangelsk - in this city, Peter laid the foundation for shipbuilding, opened the first shipyard in Russia.
Do you know in what other cities of Russia there are monuments to Peter the Great? Write down the names of the cities.

Answer: Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Sochi, Voronezh, Taganrog, Derbent (Dagestan), Azov, Kaliningrad, Makhachkala (Dagestan), Tula, Lipetsk.

3. Designate on the diagram "River of Time" the century when St. Petersburg became the capital of Russia. (18 century)

Page 26-27. "LIFE - TO THE FATHERLAND, HONOR - TO ANYONE!"

1. Find out from the guidebooks, reference books of your city (or the nearest city or village), which streets, squares, institutions are named after Lomonosov. Write down this information. Glue a photo of one of these places with a sign of the institution or a sign on the building.

In Russia, the most famous institution that bears the name of Mikhail Lomonosov is the Moscow State University. Lomonosov Moscow State University is one of the oldest and largest classical universities in Russia, founded in 1755 by I. I. Shuvalov and M. V. Lomonosov. Since 1940 it has been named after Mikhail Lomonosov.

2. Cut out portraits from the application and paste them into the appropriate boxes.

3. Read the story about the city of the Russian Empire - Sevastopol. In the text of the story, underline the names of peoples you know, the names of famous figures in history and culture.

Answer: the following words can be underlined (they were encountered earlier in textbooks): Crimea, the Black Sea, Scythians, Greeks, Cyril, Methodius, Prince Vladimir, Suvorov, Ushakov, Lazarev, Empress Catherine the Great.

Answers to pages 28-29. PATRIOTIC WAR OF 1812

1. Designate on the "River of Time" diagram the century, the code was the Patriotic War of 1812. (19th century)

2. Read the text. Consider the figures of Kozma Minin and Dmitry Pozharsky, as well as the bas-relief on the pedestal.

Express your thoughts about the source of Russia's victories in the great wars. Write it down.

The strength and source of Russia's victories in great wars is in the unity of its people. When the Russian principalities united and all as one stood up to defend their homeland, they defeated the Mongol-Tatars. The cohesion of the Russian army helped to win the war of 1812. Another reason for victories is the brave and savvy generals. And, of course, such qualities of a Russian person as heroism, selflessness, love for the Motherland, love of freedom are important.

3. In St. Petersburg, in one of the halls of the Hermitage, there is a Gallery of Heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812. It contains more than three hundred portraits.

Using the textbook and additional sources of information, compile a page of the Calendar of Memorable Dates dedicated to the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812.

Here you can write about such heroes as
Kutuzov, Field Marshal General
Bagration, General of Infantry
Barclay de Tolly
Vasilchikov, cavalry general
Wittgenstein, General of Infantry
Volkonsky, major general
Golitsyn, cavalry general
Gorchakov, lieutenant general
Davydov, Major General
Dorokhov, lieutenant general
Dokhturov, General of Infantry
Durova Nadezhda Andreevna
Yermolov, lieutenant general
Konovnitsyn, lieutenant general
Kostenetsky, lieutenant general
Kulnev, Major General
Gerasim Kurin, partisan
Seslavin, Major General
Platov, cavalry general
Orlov-Denisov, lieutenant general
Orlov, Major General
Neverovsky, lieutenant general
Miloradovich, General of Infantry
Likhachev, major general
Kozhina Vasilisa
Kutaisov, major general
Raevsky N.N.
Khrapovitsky, major general
Figner, Colonel
Uvarov, cavalry general
Tuchkov (1st), lieutenant general
Tuchkov (4th), major general

Page 30-31. GREAT WAY

1. Indicate on the diagram "River of Time" the century in which the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway began. (19th century)

2. Look at photographs of fragments of the openwork pavilion presented at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900. Write down in what century this exhibition took place: in the 19th. Using these patterns, draw your own versions of openwork casting to decorate the exhibition of modern achievements in Russia.

3. Project "My family in the history of Russia". Using the example given in the textbook, make up a story about the participation of your ancestors in the development of Russian industry at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. Illustrate your story with photographs or drawings.

For this project, it is best to find some of the old family items and present them in front of the whole class and talk about them. Here are the items you can use in this project:

old newspapers and magazines
personal letters, envelopes, postcards
stamps dedicated to some event (40 years of Soviet power, 30 years of victory in the Second World War, etc.)
coins or paper money (can be bought cheaply at a flea market)
photos of great-grandparents, or a photo of their house
medals, orders, awards of relatives
certificate of a minor prisoner (to page 48)
old christmas decorations
old year books
icons
something from clothes or shoes, a pioneer tie, ribbons for braids, collars that were sewn to the uniform
household items (an old cast-iron iron or a watch, for example)
candy wrappers
documents (certificates, party card, VLKSM ticket, etc.)
certificates and laudatory sheets of a schoolchild, diaries, notebooks, albums of fathers and mothers
maps, globes from the USSR
toys, figurines
dishes (porcelain plates, cups, silver spoons - if parents allow)
jewelry: beads, brooches, etc.

Answers to pages 32-33. THE GOLDEN AGE OF THEATER AND MUSIC

1. Do you know Russian musical artists? Cut out portraits from the app and paste them into the appropriate boxes.

2. Listen to a piece of music by a Russian composer of the 19th - early 20th century. Write down your impressions.

Title of the work: Ballet "The Nutcracker".

Recording form of the work: recording on CD.

My impressions (key words): very beautiful music, fabulous and magical sound of the instruments, happy, enthusiastic, joyful, jubilant and tender music.

4. Based on the text of the textbook, make a plan for a story about Fedor Ivanovich Chaliapin.

1) The birth and childhood of Chaliapin.

3) Chaliapin becomes popular all over the world. The emergence of the Chaliapin school.

4) Tatarstan is the birthplace of the Chaliapin Festival.

5. Design a page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to one of the figures of Russian musical and theatrical art.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (April 25, 1840 - October 25, 1893)

Tchaikovsky P.I. - Russian composer, conductor, teacher, musical and public figure, music journalist.

Considered one of the greatest composers in the history of music. Author of more than 80 works, including ten operas and three ballets. His most famous works are the ballets "Swan Lake", "Sleeping Beauty", "The Nutcracker", as well as "The Seasons" - a famous piano cycle. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky made an extremely valuable contribution to world musical culture.

The great composer was born in the family of an engineer in the village at the Kamsko-Votkinsky plant in the Vyatka province (now the city of Votkinsk, Udmurtia). He studied at the St. Petersburg Conservatory, then lived and worked in Moscow. The composer spent the last years of his life in the vicinity of the city of Klin, near Moscow, where his museum is now located.

Streets in many cities of Russia, conservatories and music schools, as well as a city in the Perm region are named after Tchaikovsky. And since 1958, an international competition named after P. I. Tchaikovsky has been held, in which talented musicians and vocalists take part.

Page 34-35. THE FLOWING OF ART AND LITERATURE

1. Consider a reproduction of a painting from the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow. Compare your impression of the spring landscape and Bunin's poem. Pick up lines in it to express your impression of the picture. Highlight them.

Wider, chest, open for acceptance
Feelings of spring - minute guests!
You open me, nature, hugs,
So that I merge with your beauty!

You, high sky, far away,
Boundless blue space!
You wide green field!
Only to you I aspire with my soul!

2. Consider a reproduction of a painting from the State Russian Museum in St. Petersburg. Read an excerpt from Nekrasov's poem "Who Lives Well in Rus'". Underline in red the poetic lines that speak of the severity of agricultural labor, in green - the lines in which the poet's special respect for the peasant is expressed.

3. Design a page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to A.P. Chekhov or your favorite writer of the 19th - early 20th century.

Chekhov Anton Pavlovich (1860 - 1904)

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov - Russian writer, prose writer, playwright. A recognized classic of world literature. Doctor by profession. Honorary Academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the category of fine literature. One of the most famous playwrights in the world.

Over 25 years of creativity, Chekhov created more than 300 different works (short humorous stories, serious stories, plays), many of which have become classics of world literature.

His works have been translated into over 100 languages. His plays, especially The Seagull, Three Sisters and The Cherry Orchard, have been staged in many theaters around the world for over 100 years.

Answers to pages 36-39. IN SEARCH OF JUSTICE

1. Indicate on the "River of Time" diagram the century when serfdom was abolished in Russia. (19th century)

2. Consider the portraits of Russian emperors. Explain why Alexander II is called the Liberator.

Answer: Because he abolished serfdom, making the peasants free people.

Write what you know about these emperors.

Emperor Alexander II was born in 1818, he was the son of Nicholas I. His teacher was the Russian poet Zhukovsky. In 1861 the tsar abolished serfdom in Russia. He also carried out many reforms in Russia, participated in the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. In 1881, Alexander II was killed by the Narodnaya Volya, in St. Petersburg, on the site of the assassination of the emperor, the Church of the Savior on Blood was erected.

Nicholas II - the last emperor of the Russian Empire. Born in 1868. During his reign, many events took place in the world and in Russia: the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905; Bloody Sunday; Revolution 1905-1907 in Russia; World War I; February Revolution of 1917 Nicholas II abdicated during the February Revolution of 1917 and was shot along with his family.

3. Read the poem ... Yesenin "The beggar", written in 1915. With pencils in contrasting colors, underline the lines and words, some of which describe suffering, grief, while others speak of carefree fun.

Crying little girl at the window of a large mansion,
And in the mansions cheerful laughter and pours silver.
The girl is crying and getting cold in the wind of autumn thunderstorms,
AND with a chilled hand wipes drops of tears.

With tears she asks for a piece of stale bread,
From resentment and anxiety voice freezes.
But in the mansions this voice drowns out the noise of comfort,
AND the little one is crying under cheerful, frisky laugh.

4. Mark on the "River of Time" diagram the century when the First World War, revolutions and civil war took place in Russia. (See answers to pages 3-5)

5. In your city, identify the streets, squares that received new names after the 1917 revolution. Write down the pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary names of the same street side by side.

An approximate answer (these streets are in almost every city):

Lenin street - street ...
Dzerzhinsky street - street ...

6. Consider a map of the Soviet Union. Find and show on the map the republics that were part of the USSR. Use the map to name the capitals of the Union republics. Check each other out.

We look at the map and name the republics, they are highlighted in bright colors, the capitals are marked with dots.

Page 42-43. CENTURY OF TROUBLES AND VICTORIES

1. Consider secular posters of the 20-30s of the last century. Write in your own words what they call for.

The first poster is for children. He encourages them to choose their profession in childhood, to have a dream, a goal in life and strive for it. The second two posters are addressed to adults. They call for more study in order to be literate and work more for the good of the country.

2. Consider the diagram on p. 43. Compare it with the modern scheme of the Moscow metro, which you can find on the Internet. Write down what has changed.

On the diagram in the textbook, you can see a total of 13 metro stations (in 1935). Currently, there are 200 metro stations and there is a ring line that connects all branches (directions) of the metro. Some stations have changed their names. For example, Kirovskaya (old name) - Chistye Prudy (new name).

3. Project "My family in the history of Russia". Continue working on the project. Have your family preserved memories of life in the 20-30s of the last century, photographs, objects of those times? Write a short story.

This period is the childhood of the student's great-grandparents, or the time when the great-great-grandmothers and great-great-grandfathers lived. Tell about them.

Answers to pp. 44-45. "GET UP, THE COUNTRY IS HUGE!"

1. Designate on the "River of Time" diagram the century when the Great Patriotic War took place. (20th century)

2. Using the text of the textbook, make a table of the most important events of the Great Patriotic War.

Date Event

End of January 1943 The blockade of Leningrad was broken.

Summer 1943 Battle of Kursk lasted 50 days.

1944 Liberation of cities: Veliky Novgorod, Leningrad, Sevastopol, Petrozavodsk, Minsk.

Summer 1944 Belorussia was liberated, Operation Bagration.

1945 Soviet troops liberated Czechoslovakia, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia.

3. Do you know the monuments dedicated to the Great Patriotic War? Cut out photos from the application and paste them into the appropriate boxes.

4. Design the page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to the event, hero or veteran of the Great Patriotic War - to your countryman.

Everyone will have different answers depending on the city and area in which you live, because a COUNTRYMAN is someone who lives or lived in the same area as you.

Pages 46-47. LABOR FRONT OF RUSSIA

1. According to the text of the textbook, make a plan for a story about how those who remained in the rear worked during the Great Patriotic War.

All the people stood up for the defense of the motherland.
The men are at the front. Old men, women and children work in the rear.
Military factories were evacuated to the east of the country.
It is necessary to provide the front with weapons, equipment, clothing and food.
Students work in construction teams - they build anti-tank ditches.
Children help adults: take care of the wounded, prepare Molotov cocktails.
Everyone contributes to the common defense of the country.

2. Using the information from the textbook, answer the questions in writing.

To which cities in Russia were many enterprises evacuated from the western regions of the country? Answer: To Kazan, Omsk, Novosibirsk.
What was necessary to provide the troops with equipment and weapons. ammunition, clothing, food? Answer: It was necessary that the railroad, sea and river transport, telephone, telegraph, post office and radio work without interruption. And also, so that plants, factories, collective farms work smoothly in the rear.
What facts indicate that students and children contributed to the defense of the Fatherland? Answer: The students dug anti-tank trenches and worked in factories and factories. Children helped adults on the field, looked after the wounded in hospitals, looked after the younger ones, while their mothers worked for the front.

3. Review the photos. What happened at the front - and what happened in the rear? Mark photos from the front in red, in the rear - in green.

Page 48-49. " THERE IS NO SUCH FAMILY IN RUSSIA"

The project "My family in the history of Russia. Continue working on the project. Do your family have memories of the Great Patriotic War, including its first and last days, as well as photographs, awards, letters, wartime items?...

If there are no things left from the war, you can write about your great-grandparents who fought, stick their photos.

Page 50-51. AFTER THE GREAT WAR

1. Using the text of the textbook, make a table of the achievements of your compatriots in recent years.

Date Event
May 12, 1945 Opening of the theater in Novosibirsk
December 1946 Europe's first nuclear reactor is launched.
1947 The Dnepropetrovsk hydroelectric power station was launched.
1945-1950 Many destroyed cities have been rebuilt.
End of 1947 Food rationing system abolished.
1949 General compulsory seven-year education introduced.

2. Design a page of the "Calendar of Memorable Dates" dedicated to your fellow countryman, who became famous in the post-war period for his achievements in science, technology, industry, agriculture, art, sports (optional).

Everyone writes about his countryman. For the Kurgan region, for example, you can take Terenty Maltsev. Muscovites can describe academician I.V.Kurchatov, since he lived in Moscow, about the physicist N.N.Semenov. The theme for Petersburgers is the composer V.P.Soloviev-Sedoy.

Answers to pages 52-53. ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE 1950-1970S

1. Using the textbook, sign the photographs of outstanding scientists of our country.

2. Do you know the first Soviet cosmonauts? Cut out photos from the Application and paste them into the appropriate boxes.

3. Designate on the "River of Time" diagram the century, the man first flew into space. (20th century)

4. Describe from photographs (orally) the opening and closing ceremonies of the XXII Summer Olympic Games in Moscow.

A lot of people attended the opening and closing of the Olympic Games in Moscow. There were many athletes from different countries. The icon of the Olympic Games was 5 connected hoops and an Olympic bear.

5. Project "My family in the history of Russia". Continue working on the project. Have your family preserved memories of the life of our country in 1950-1970, as well as photographs, objects of those years? Write a story based on the memories of older relatives.

This period is the childhood and adolescence of the student's grandmother. Tell us about her or your grandfather.

We are building the future of Russia

Page 54-57. MODERN RUSSIA

1. Using the map on p. 56-57 find out which independent states were formed after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Fill the table.

Name of states Capitals

Russian Federation Moscow
Ukraine, Kyiv
Belarus (Belarus) Minsk
Moldova (Moldova) Chisinau
Estonia Tallinn
Latvia, Riga
Lithuania Vilnius
Abkhazia Sukhum
Georgia, Tbilisi
Armenia Yerevan
South Ossetia Tskhinvali
Azerbaijan, Baku
Kazakhstan, Astana
Uzbekistan Tashkent
Tajikistan Dushanbe
Turkmenistan Ashgabat
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek

2. Mark on the "River of Time" diagram the century when a new state appeared on the world map - the Russian Federation.

3. Think about what in your city (village) you would like to save for the future. And what would you like to change in your city (village) Write it down.

Sample answers:

I would like to preserve the forest on the outskirts of the gord, the park, the old house, the pond with ducks, etc.
I would like to make a change in my city: build a big new bridge across the river, repair the embankment, make bicycle paths on some street, plant new trees, build a new sports school with an ice palace, etc.

4. Take or pick up photographs showing the signs of the old and the new in your city (village). You can paste 1-2 photos here.

You can stick a photo of an old house or monument, and a new modern house in your city (village).

Pages 58-59. HEALTH OF RUSSIA

1. Consider the tablets representing some areas of the Belgorod region. Give examples of agricultural areas in your region (krai, republic).

Come up with and draw symbols for 1-2 agricultural areas of your region.

2. Write a story about the agricultural products of your region.

Corn is a tall annual herbaceous plant, reaching a height of 3 m. Corn is grown for cobs with edible grains, as well as corn oil. It is the most important grain after wheat and rice.
Wheat is one of the most important grain crops. The flour obtained from grains is used for baking white bread and the production of other food products; flour milling waste is used as feed for livestock and poultry.
Poultry farming is a branch of agriculture that specializes in the production of poultry meat and edible eggs. Poultry by-products are down and feathers, and production waste is used to make meat and bone meal.
Animal husbandry produces food (meat, milk and dairy products), raw materials for light industry, working animals for a number of agricultural and transport work.

3. If you live in a village... draw or photograph episodes of working together on the ground, taking care of pets.

Page 60-61. SMART POWER OF RUSSIA

1. With the help of additional literature, information from the Internet, plan a short story about an industrial enterprise in your region ...

Write about one of the enterprises in your city.

Answers to pages 62-63. BRIGHT SOUL OF RUSSIA

1. Find out what festive events related to the traditional culture of the peoples of your region are held in the spring. Write down the names and dates of these events.

An approximate answer (each city has its own events):

handicraft fair
exhibition of applied arts
festival of folk craftsmen
festival of folk choirs and ensembles
author's song contest
performance of artistic groups
Maslenitsa

Think up and draw symbols for these events.

2. Look at the photos on p. 63 With the help of a textbook, determine which art crafts these products belong to. Number them according to the list.

Page 64-68. BEGIN WITH YOURSELF!

1. On the River of Time chart (pp. 40-41), mark the date you are about to graduate from elementary school.

2. Come up with and draw a symbolic designation for your school, for those circles and studios in which you study additionally. You can sketch already existing emblems.

3. Write down the most interesting things in your life during the four years of elementary school.

Sample answers:

a trip to another city, to a resort, to a lake, abroad
hike in the forest, outing
excursion to a museum or a zoo, or a safari park
holidays at my grandmother's in the village, picking mushrooms and berries, fishing
communication with animals (bought a dog, cared for, raised)
joint construction of a house with dad
working together in the garden
summer or winter camp, etc.

4. Evaluate your achievements during your elementary school years. Write down the ones you think are the most important.

Sample answer: In 4 years of elementary school, I

learned to read, write, count and solve problems
learned the multiplication table
learned to play chess
learned to swim
made friends with the guys in the class
learned to sing or play musical instruments
learned to draw
I learned how to pack my bag and go to school
started doing all the homework
began to help parents around the house
grew by 20 cm!

5. Think over and write down your plans for the next year (what do you want to do, what to learn, where to go)

Sample answers:

For the coming summer:

I want to visit St. Petersburg (Moscow, Red Square)
I want to learn how to cook soup and borscht
I want to visit my grandmother who lives far away
i want to learn how to swim
I will help my dad build a house

In grade 5:

I want to start learning a second foreign language
I want to know the name of the stars and constellations in the sky
i want to learn how to draw
I want to know how my body works

Project I BUILD THE FUTURE OF RUSSIA

Option 1: Insect Zoo.

The purpose of the project: To acquaint everyone with rare and amazing insects, to teach people to take care of them.

1) Build a greenhouse, insulate it, plant different plants.

2) Buy live insects from all over the world, put them in the zoo.

3) Offer tours of the insect zoo to everyone, explain and tell the tourists how insects live and what they eat.

Description: I really want to have a special insect zoo in our city. In it, I want to collect insects from all over the world that you will not find in our forests. They would live among plants, butterflies would fly freely, in special terrariums one could trace the entire cycle of a butterfly: how a caterpillar turns into a cocoon, and then into a butterfly. Visitors could pick up non-dangerous insects. It is very interesting!

Option 2 - Build a new sports complex for children.

Option 3 - Open a nursery for homeless animals, where anyone who wants to can take an animal home.

Option 4 - Open a hiking club for the whole family - such trips would unite parents and children, make new friends and see many interesting places in our country.

The history of any state is inconceivable without priceless relics, brilliant creations of human thought and spirit. For Ancient Rus', without exaggeration, the famous and fundamental Tale of Bygone Years can be called such. It is the most valuable source of historical information and plays a huge role for the entire Slavic culture. It colorfully, in detail and with brilliant skill describes the historical events that take place from biblical times to the beginning of the XII century.

The monk Nestor the Chronicler is traditionally called its author. His memorial day is usually celebrated on November 9th. Writer, hagiographer, researcher, thinker, saint - his name is inscribed in golden letters in the history of Rus' and will forever remain in it. Let's try to briefly talk about the biography and activities of this amazing man, without exaggeration called the father of Russian history.

short biography

So, let's find out how Nestor the Chronicler lived and became famous. A brief biography of this man, or rather, some information about him can be gleaned from his main work - "The Tale of Bygone Years".

Little is known for certain about his childhood, since, out of modesty, the chronicler did not write anything about his relatives. It can be assumed that his family was reputed to be noble and rich, since only in such a family it was possible to get a decent education in those years. It is only known that Nestor the Chronicler (his years of life are also not exactly defined: it is assumed that he was born around the 50s of the eleventh century, and died in 1114), began his life in the city of Kiev. This becomes clear from his work.

He spent his entire adult life in labors and tireless prayers in the Kiev-Pechersk Monastery and died there, having lived to the age of 58. We do not know much about his fate. In addition to brief autobiographical data, gleaned mainly from The Tale of Bygone Years, only a small amount of information about him from the Kiev-Pechersk Patericon remained. There it is reported that his age was worthy and long, spent in labors for the glory of God. His relics are incorruptible and are carefully kept in the Kiev-Pechersk monastery, in caves.

Monastic life and the pursuit of knowledge

At the age of 17, Nestor turned to the Kiev-Pechersk monastery to the Monk Theodosius and became a novice there, and after a three-year period, as was customary in those years, he took tonsure. He was consecrated to the rank by the successor of the Monk Theodosius, hegumen Stefan. It was he who elevated him to the rank of hierodeacon. Monk Nestor the Chronicler is famous mainly for the fact that, together with other holy fathers, he took part in the exorcism of the devil from Nikita the Recluse. But the main obedience imposed on him was chronicle writing.

It should be noted that at that time the monasteries were the center of scientific and cultural life. The monks who lived in them were educated, they learned to read and write and were able to write, while this was not available to the common people. In the Kiev-Pechersk monastery, many monks were engaged in chronicling and creating the lives of the saints.

During his stay in the monastery, Nestor gradually discovers an irresistible craving for knowledge. He diligently studies the Gospel, and then the lives of the Greek saints. Nestor deeply revered true knowledge combined with humility. He could not imagine his life without reading, he studied the works of the holy fathers and instructed others in this. He speaks of the book as the deepest and purest eternal source of wisdom. Undoubtedly, Nestor was one of the most enlightened and literate people of his time.

Over the years, his writing talent has been honed, improved and reached the level of the highest skill. Already in the first years of his life in the monastery, Nestor the Chronicler manifests himself as a brilliant hagiographer. He creates his famous works, one of which was "Reading about the life of Boris and Gleb."

Life of Boris and Gleb

This work was written by Nestor due to the transfer of the relics of the brothers Boris and Gleb to the city of Vyshgorod in 1072. It was created in accordance with all church canons. The life begins, as was customary then, with an extensive rhetorical introduction, after which the author proceeds directly to the description of the central events.

The text contains biographies of the Russian princes Boris and Gleb, sons of Grand Duke Vladimir, and how, during the internecine war, they died at the hands of their elder brother Svyatopolk the Accursed. Describing these events, Nestor the Chronicler does not focus on specific historical events, but emphasizes the holiness and Christian humility and humility of the brothers, who gladly accept martyrdom and elevate it to the level of triumph over sinful pride and internecine enmity. The text of the life ends with a lengthy description of incredible miracles that speak of the glory of the martyrs, as well as an appeal-prayer to the saints. The work impresses with eloquence and vivid expressiveness and, undoubtedly, has great artistic value.

Note that the princes Boris and Gleb are recognized as the first Russian saints. They were canonized as martyrs-passion-bearers. A tribute to their memory are numerous churches and monasteries scattered throughout the Orthodox land.

Biography of Theodosius of the Caves

In the 1080s, another famous work was created, the author of which was Nestor the Chronicler. The description of the life of St. Theodosius of the Caves is the most valuable source of information about the fate of this extraordinary Orthodox saint ascetic. This is an outstanding work of ancient Russian writing. Speaking about the composition and content of the biography, it should be noted that it was written strictly according to the then existing canons, but at the same time it had undeniable artistic value.

The work shows the fate of Theodosius of the Caves from birth to his death. As was customary, Nestor the Chronicler glorifies in him the Christian humility, obedience and steadfastness of the venerable elder. The image of Theodosius embodies true mercy, compassion and love for people. In addition to the biography itself, the work also describes the life of the early period of the existence of the Kiev-Pechersk monastery.

Let us add that in 1091 Nestor was given a special commission to find and dig out of the ground the holy relics of St. Theodosius of the Caves, in order to later transfer them to the temple. According to his story, he and two other monks, performing this honorable and responsible task, turned out to be eyewitnesses of extraordinary miracles.

Tale of Bygone Years

But the most important work that the Monk Nestor the chronicler created was the Tale of Bygone Years compiled by 1112-1113. Note that before its appearance, Russian culture did not know such works. The existing records were fragmentary and could not provide a complete picture of the historical events taking place in Rus'.

"The Tale of Bygone Years" is an integral, single, global work, and therefore its author is deeply revered as the first chronicler. Nestor conceived a colossal work - to bring together disparate lists, records and historical codes. Therefore, it includes not only his personal compositions, but also the works of his predecessors. The Tale of Bygone Years can be called one of the main sources on the ethnography of the Eastern European peoples of that time. It contains information about the life, language and beliefs of various Slavic tribes.

The story is heterogeneous: in addition to a detailed descriptive part, it also contains the lives of the saints, folk poetic traditions, historical notes and other insert materials that Nestor immortalized in his work. The Russian chronicler first tells about biblical times and about the separation of the Slavs into a separate nation. After that, we are talking about numerous tribes, as well as the emergence and fate of our state right up to the very beginning of the 12th century.

The history of Ancient Rus' is organically woven into the global history, becoming an integral part of it. From the annals we draw information about the reign of the Ruriks, about the life of the first great princes. Much attention is paid to the lengthy biographies of the saints, as well as various historical events - wars, battles, campaigns.

One of the central places in the work is given to the choice of faith and the baptism of Rus'. It can be said that the "Tale" is saturated with Christian ideas and motives, which is not surprising, especially considering that its author was a monk. The meaning of the baptism of Rus' in the work is salvation from pagan ignorance and idolatry. Great attention in the "Tale of Bygone Years" is given to various miraculous phenomena - first of all, heavenly signs.

In addition to rich historical information, the work also contains the author's reasoning on the topic of good and evil. Here Nestor shows himself not only as a researcher and patriot, but also as an outstanding thinker and philosopher.

Later, The Tale of Bygone Years became the source for further chronicles. As you can see, a truly grandiose work was conceived and completed by Nestor the Chronicler. A brief biography of him, reflected in the narrative, although incomplete, still sheds light on the character of the author himself. Noteworthy in this regard are the passages where Nestor has to talk about himself. In them, he calls himself unworthy, sinful, thin. And, probably, they are not only a tribute to the time that requires such authorial characteristics, but also an indicator of Nestor's humility and modesty.

The meaning of the work

The value of labor cannot be overestimated. This is, without a doubt, the main work that Nestor the Chronicler was engaged in. The Tale of Bygone Years remains the most important source of information on Russian history to this day. Note that not only scientists of past centuries, but also modern researchers continue to draw information from it.

In addition, the work, due to its artistic qualities, has become the largest literary monument. We also note that this work is also a significant legal document, since it includes some laws and instructions. The Tale of Bygone Years became a mine of information for later fiction as well.

In particular, the tragedy “Vadim Novgorodsky” by Ya. B. Knyazhnin was built on its basis. The famous "Song of the Prophetic Oleg" by A. S. Pushkin is imbued with the poetry of ancient legends.

The Tale of Bygone Years played a significant role in the creation of later regional chronicles. She was constantly included in them, starting the history of Tver, Novgorod, and also the Moscow state.

The enormous educational role of the work cannot be underestimated. From generation to generation, it teaches patriotism and pride in its people and reverence for its glorious history.

With all this, Nestor's merit, first of all, is that, unlike most monks who tried to embellish events in every possible way, he stated only the facts. Like Herodotus, the historian wanted to capture the true life of his people, customs, traditions, way of life.

Thanks to this work, we can judge not only the great deeds of the princes, but also their character. We know a lot about palace intrigues and secrets of that time.

Successors

Dying, the elder bequeathed the development of his grandiose story to other monks of the Kiev Caves Monastery. His followers were Abbot Sylvester, who designed The Tale of Bygone Years in its modern form, and Abbot Moses Vydubitsky, who continued it until the thirteenth century. And, besides, Abbot Lavrentiy. This chronicler in 1377 created the so-called "Laurentian Chronicle" - the most ancient of the lists that have survived to our time, saving the "Tale", on which the Monk Nestor the Chronicler ascetic of the Caves worked. A photo of this priceless relic is available to everyone, and it itself is stored in the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg. Simon, Bishop of Vladimir, was the heir to Nestor's hagiographic tradition.

Nestor the Chronicler and the Russian Church

In his works, Nestor describes the main milestones in the development of the Russian Church since its inception. It tells about the creation of Slavic writing by Saints Cyril and Methodius, about the Baptism of Princess Olga in the city of Constantinople. Nestor reports the first information about the Russian people recorded in church sources. His works preserved the history of the first Kyiv temple, the creation of which dates back to approximately 945. It is he who tells about the formation of the Pechersk monastery, as well as about its creators and holy ascetics.

The hours when Nestor lived and wrote were difficult for the Russian lands and the church. Internecine battles and enemy attacks destroyed cities and settlements, burned Orthodox churches. And yet, with pride and noble awe for his native land, the reverend elder continued his work inspired from above.

Nestor's works have always aroused interest among researchers. Without their study, neither history nor literature is conceivable. His work has been published many times. Many researchers of different centuries devoted their works to the work of the Monk Nestor. Books were published on this topic, scientific conferences and seminars were held. And it remains truly inexhaustible for posterity.

Memory of Nestor

Almost a millennium later, we continue to cherish the memory of the reverend elder. Nestor the Chronicler is one of the heroes of the novel by the Soviet and Russian writer Mikhail Kazovsky "Revenge of Adelgeida". The work tells about the life of the granddaughter of Yaroslav the Wise Evpraksia Vsevolodovna.

Today, monuments to Nestor are erected in different cities. Interestingly, in the city of Lyubech, such a monument has a unifying character: it was erected there in 1997 on the anniversary of the first famous congress of the princes of Ancient Rus', held here in 1097. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the MP approved the order dedicated to him. In addition, two churches named after St. Nestor the Chronicler were created in Kyiv. Stamps are also printed and coins are minted with his image.

For the greatest merits he was canonized by the Russian Church. And this is well-deserved, because Nestor the Chronicler did a truly great work. The feast day of the saint according to the Julian calendar is July 27. The relics of the venerable elder are preserved in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, in the Near Caves. In addition, under the name of Saint Nestor the Chronicler of the Caves, he took an honorable place in the list of saints not only of the Orthodox, but also of the Roman Catholic Church.

Nestor as a miracle worker

Speaking of this great man, one cannot fail to mention one more important detail. Saint Nestor the Chronicler has long been revered as a miracle worker. As we have already mentioned, together with other monks of the Kiev-Pechersk monastery, he took part in the expulsion of the devil from Nikita the Recluse. The youngest of them, he nevertheless enjoyed great prestige among the rest of the brothers.

Cases have been recorded when touching a shrine with its relics healed various diseases. There is even a story about a child who, by the age of four, could hardly speak. Worried parents, on the advice of knowledgeable people, carried him and attached him to the shrine with holy relics. And the child began to speak in connected sentences. Be that as it may, but even now people turn to the reverend elder with a prayer, asking him to grant wisdom, help in acquiring knowledge and guide them on the path of salvation.

A truly great ascetic was Nestor the Chronicler. Photos of monuments and paintings with his image convey the depth of thoughts, the pure light of the divine spark in his eyes. But true wisdom is contained in his words and immortal texts, which even now continue to excite the hearts of an Orthodox Christian. The story of Nestor the Chronicler is a description of the life of a noble soul, fully endowed with God's fire to illuminate the fate of an entire nation.

Christian holidays and days in November

Information about events that took place in ancient times is contained in historical documents called chronicles. The latter were created by hand by people who worked as chroniclers. In Rus', the most famous of those who recorded what was happening can safely be called the Monk Nestor. The prefix to the name indicates the type of activity of this person, without which it is difficult for us to understand today who we are talking about: “Chronicler”. The Orthodox Church remembers the monk every year on November 9th.

The Monastic Life of Saint Nestor the Chronicler

Nestor the Chronicler was born in the middle of the 11th century. Unfortunately, the exact time of his birth is unknown. But historians with all confidence can name the birthplace of the legendary Russian chronicler - he is the capital of modern Ukraine, Kyiv.

No information about the childhood and adolescence of Nestor has survived to this day. However, judging by the fact that at the age of 17 the saint entered the monastery as a novice, he was clearly brought up in the spirit of piety, in accordance with Christian canons. The monastery where young Nestor hid from the world was called Pechersk. This, as you might guess, is today's Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. At that time, the Monk Theodosius lived in the mentioned monastery. It was his disciple that the future saint became.

Nestor's monastic vows took place after the death of the teacher, whose place was taken by St. Stephany. The life of a novice lasted for a young servant of the Lord for three years. All because Theodosius decreed so. In the opinion of the monk, a person who arrives at the monastery must first pass a test. It consisted, firstly, in acquaintance with the monastic order and the way of monastic life; secondly, the fulfillment of a variety of assignments and work (actually, obedience). Only after successfully passing the above stages could the subject be tonsured a monk. It should be noted that at the first stage of stay in the Pechersk monastery, a person wore his own clothes, in which he appeared in the house of God. Becoming a novice, he changed it to a black outfit. And when he turned into a monk, a person put on a monastic robe.

The Monk Nestor took monastic vows not earlier than in 1078. He wrote that at that time love and mutual understanding reigned between the monk brothers in the Pechersk monastery. Everyone supported each other, the younger ones obeyed the elders and vice versa - the older ones took care of the younger ones. Each of the brethren was distinguished by some feat. One, for example, ate nothing but bread and water, another ate only roots and herbs, a third knelt in prayer for a long time, a fourth prayed at night without closing his eyes, and so on. It is clear that Nestor himself quickly developed spiritually in such an environment.

The reverend had many worthy character traits. One of them was the humility befitting a true monk. Nestor the Chronicler, mentioning his own person in his manuscripts, calls himself words that have an exclusively negative emotional connotation. Among them are the definitions of "sinful", "thin" (bad), "unreasonable", "rude", etc. This approach, to some extent, also helped him grow spiritually.

It is known that once the Monk Nestor the Chronicler took part in a prayer appeal to God with a request for the healing of a certain Nikita. This man was seduced by evil spirits. So, having prayed together with the brethren for the gift of recovery to the indicated individual, Nestor witnessed a real miracle - the unclean spirit left Nikita. This event refers to 1088.

Another time, in 1091, the saint received a commission from the abbot of the monastery, hegumen John, to find the location of the relics of the Monk Theodosius. Nestor the Chronicler approached this matter with all responsibility and the positive result of the search was not long in coming. Theodosius' body was discovered by him absolutely whole, incorruptible.

The writing activity of St. Nestor the Chronicler

Nestor the Chronicler, as already mentioned earlier, became famous for leaving us a legacy of many historical manuscripts. These are real literary monuments. Among them, the Tale of Bygone Years is the most famous. The original title of the literary work sounds like this: “Behold the tales of bygone years, where did the Russian land come from, who in Kiev began first to reign, and where did the Russian land come from.” The information necessary to compile such a great work, Nestor took from a variety of sources. These are the chronicles of the monastery, compiled by the monks, and the stories of people of various professions, and conversations with wise elders, and the chronicles of Byzantium, and earlier legends. This essay mentions many important events for us, which without this manuscript we would not have the slightest idea today. From The Tale of Bygone Years, we learn about the emergence of Slavic writing, about the conversion of Princess Olga to the Christian faith, about the construction of the first Orthodox church in the capital city of Kievan Rus, about the baptism of our vast Motherland by the Holy Prince Vladimir-Yasno Solnyshko. Nestor the chronicler was interested in continuing his work, and instructed the monks of the Caves monastery to carry out this after his death. The monks did not disobey the will of the monk. So, hegumen Moses recorded in the "Tale" the events that took place before 1200, the abbot of the monastery Lavrenty extended Nestor's work until 1377, and hegumen Sylvester gave it a modern form. Therefore, historians agreed that The Tale of Bygone Years is more a collective work than an individual one.

One of the first works of Nestor the Chronicler is the life of Boris and Gleb, the holy Russian princes. He also wrote the biography of St. Theodosius of the Caves. There is no more valuable monument of ancient Russian writing than this work. This has been acknowledged by many historians. This essay is not only impeccable in style, style and quality of presentation, it is also imbued with unconditional love for the mentor, and at the same time is instructive, instructive in nature.

Death and glorification of Saint Nestor the Chronicler

The servant of the Lord Nestor left this mortal world around 1114. His body was interred in the Near Caves of the Kiev Caves Monastery. In 1826, a copper plate with gilding appeared over the burial place of the saint, on which the name of the monk lying there appeared. 80s of the last century were marked by the study of the remains of St. Nestor the Chronicler by scientists and forensic experts. The result of this work was the production of a bust of the saint.

At one time, several churches of God were consecrated in the name of St. Nestor. Two of them are in Ukraine, one is in Russia. The latter bears the name of the Bryansk temple, at the spiritual school. It is located in the named city. Two other churches: Seminary Church in Poltava and Lugansk Church.

It is noteworthy that Nestor, along with Orthodox Christians, is also revered by Catholics. The name of this servant of the Lord appears in the list of names of saints of the Roman Catholic Church.

The title of historian is great and responsible. We know Herodotus, and Plutarch, and Tacitus, and N.M. Karamzin. But for Russian history there is no higher authority, no higher name than the monk (c. 1056-114) - a monk of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, father of Russian history.

November 9 Memorial Day of the chronicler Nestor is celebrated. The years of his life fell on the XI century. For him, literally recently, in 988, the waters of the Dnieper received the baptized people of Kiev, witnesses of this miracle were still alive. But civil strife, attacks by external enemies have already overtaken Rus'. The descendants of Prince Vladimir could not or did not want to be united, with each decade internecine strife among the princes increased.

Scientist Monk Nestor

Who was the Monk Nestor? Tradition says that, being a seventeen-year-old boy, he came to the monastery to the holy elder Theodosius of the Caves(c. 1008-May 3, 1074), where he accepted the monastic dignity. There is no doubt that Nestor came to the monastery already quite literate and even, according to the level of that time, an educated young man. By that time, there were many teachers in Kyiv, from whom Nestor could study.

At that time, according to the Monk Nestor

blacks, like luminaries, shone in Rus'. Some were strong mentors, others were firm in vigil or in kneeling prayer; others fasted every other day and two days later, others ate only bread and water; others boiled potion, others only raw.

Everyone was in love: the younger ones obeyed the elders, not daring to speak before them, and showed humility and obedience; and the elders showed love to the younger ones, instructed and consoled them, like fathers of small children. If any brother fell into any sin, they consoled him and, out of great love, divided the penance into two and three. Such was mutual love, with strict abstinence.

And the days of the monk Nestor were indistinguishable from the days of other Chernorizians. Only his obedience was different: with the blessing of the rector Theodosius of the Caves wrote the history of Rus'. In his literary works, the chronicler calls himself " sinful», « cursed», « unworthy servant of God". In these assessments of oneself, humility and God-fearing are manifested: a person who has reached such heights of humility sees the smallest sins in his soul. To imagine the spiritual level of the saints, it is enough to delve into the following saying: The saints mistook for sin the shadow of the thought of sin”, even the slightest thought, and often even mourned their virtues as sins.

The first literary works of Nestor the Chronicler

The first in time was the work of Nestor " The life of the holy princes Boris and Gleb, in holy baptism named Roman and Davyd". It contains high prayerfulness, accuracy of description, moralizing. Nestor speaks of the creation of man, his fall and his rise by the grace of God. In the words of the chronicler one can see a heavy sadness that the Christian faith is slowly spreading in Rus'. Nestor writes:

While Christians multiplied everywhere and idol altars were abolished, the Russian country remained in its former idol charm, because it did not hear a word from anyone about our Lord Jesus Christ; no apostles came to us and no one preached the word of God.

The second, and no less interesting and significant work of the chronicler is “ Life of St. Theodosius of the Caves". Nestor, as a very young novice, saw Saint Theodosius, then, many years later, he participated in the uncovering of the relics of the monk, and now he compiled his biography. It is written simply and inspirationally.

My goal,” writes Nestor, “is that the future Chernorizians, reading the life of the saint and seeing his valor, glorify God, glorify the saint of God and be strengthened for the feat, especially by the fact that such a man and saint of God appeared in the Russian country.

Nestor's Chronicle "The Tale of Bygone Years"

The main feat of the life of the Monk Nestor was the compilation by the years 1112-1113 "The Tale of Bygone Years". An unusually wide range of sources, comprehended from a single, ecclesiastical point of view, allowed the Monk Nestor to write the history of Rus' as an integral part of world history, the history of the salvation of the human race. " Tale of Bygone Years”came down to us as part of later codes:

1. Laurentian Chronicle(1377)
2. First Novgorod Chronicle(XIV century) and
3. Ipatiev Chronicle(XV century).

It is assumed that Nestor used the material ancient vault(IX century), Code of Nikon(70s of the XI century) and Initial Code(1093-1095). The text clearly echoes the Byzantine chronicle. George Amartola. The authenticity and completeness of the writings of St. Nestor is such that historians resort to them to this day as the most important and reliable source of information about Ancient Rus'.

« Tale of Bygone Years"- the great creation of the father of Russian history.
Not temporary, but temporary years, covering not some small period, but huge years of Russian life, an entire era. It is called in its entirety as follows: “Behold the tales of the time years, where did the Russian land come from, who in Kyiv began first to reign, and from where did the Russian land begin to eat».

History is comprehended by Nestor strictly from the Orthodox point of view. He talks about the saints Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius, shows the great happiness of the Baptism of Rus', the fruits of its enlightenment. Equal-to-the-Apostles Vladimir- the main character of "The Tale of Bygone Years" by Nestor. The chronicler compares it with John the Baptist. The exploits and life of the prince are depicted in detail and with love. The spiritual depth, historical fidelity and patriotism of The Tale of Bygone Years place it among the highest creations of world literature.

Chronicle of Nestor Tale of Bygone Years” cannot be called pure history, church or civil chronicle. It is also the history of the Russian people, the Russian nation, a reflection on the origins of the Russian consciousness, the Russian perception of the world, the fate and attitude of a person of that time. It was not a simple enumeration of bright events or a familiar European biography, but a deep reflection on the place in the world of a new young people - the Russians. Where are we from? What are beautiful? How are we different from other nations?- these are the questions that confronted Nestor.

"The Tale of Bygone Years". Research

The first researcher of The Tale of Bygone Years was a Russian historian and geographer V. N. Tatishchev. The archaeographer managed to find out a lot of interesting things about the chronicle P. M. Stroev. He expressed a new view of The Tale of Bygone Years, as a collection of several earlier chronicles, and began to consider all the chronicles that have come down to us to be such collections.

Famous Russian philologist and historian of the late XIX-XX centuries. A. A. Shakhmatov put forward the version that each of the chronicles is a historical work with its own political position, dictated by the place and time of creation. He connected the history of the chronicle with the history of the whole country. The results of his research are presented in the works " Research on the most ancient Russian chronicle vaults"(1908) and" Tale of Bygone Years"(1916). According to Shakhmatov, Nestor wrote the first edition of The Tale of Bygone Years in the Kiev Caves Monastery in 1110-1112. The second edition was written by abbot Sylvester in the Kiev Vydubitsky Mikhailovsky Monastery in 1116. In 1118, the third edition of The Tale of Bygone Years was compiled on behalf, or even political order, of the Novgorod prince Mstislav I Vladimirovich.

Soviet researcher D. S. Likhachev assumed that in the 30-40s of the XI century, by order Yaroslav the Wise Oral folk historical traditions about the spread of Christianity were recorded. This cycle served as the future basis of the chronicle.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, creating your own chronicler Pimena in the drama Boris Godunov"(1824-1825, published in 1831), based on the character traits of the chronicler Nestor, striving for the truth, even if someone does not like it, not at all" does not decorate the writer».

The Monk Nestor survived the fire and destruction of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra in 1196. His last works are permeated with the thought of the unity of Rus', of uniting it with the Christian faith. The chronicler bequeathed to the Pechersk monks to continue the work of their whole lives. His successors in chronicle writing: Rev. Sylvester, hegumen Vydubitsky Kyiv Monastery; hegumen Moses, who extended the chronicle until 1200; hegumen Lawrence- the author of the famous Lavrentiev Chronicle of 1377. All of them refer to the Monk Nestor: for them he is the highest teacher - both as a writer and as a prayer book.

As modern scholars have established, the Monk Nestor died at the age of 65. Now the relics of the Monk Nestor are incorruptible in Near caves(Antoniev) Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. At the beginning of the 21st century Society of History Lovers at Kiev University» bound with silver to the shrine of the reverend.

To the attention of all lovers of Russian history

___________________________________________

Russian chronicle history is a monumental monument of ancient Russian book art, in terms of the scale and breadth of coverage of historical events, as well as in the form of presentation of the material. unparalleled in the world. The collection contains weather (by years) chronicles, stories, legends, lives of Russian chronicle history for four and a half centuries (XII-XVI centuries).

Nestor as a pioneer of Russian history.

Where did the story begin? How did it happen that people wanted to know what happened before them? Why record historical information if it's gone anyway? These questions cannot be answered unequivocally, because history does not live in one person and does not die with him, but continues thanks to other people, someone just has to start this historical relay race. We owe our knowledge of Rus' to Nestor. Memorial Day of the chronicler Nestor falls on November 9, on this day in 1114 the first Russian historian died. But it is still too early to talk about death, you should learn more about how the elder came to the idea of ​​records.
With the advent of churches, Rus' began to ennoble: schools appeared at monasteries, people learned at least to read, although even then there were few literate peasants. The Church has long been not only an agitator of religion, but also the guardian of spirituality. In the years of difficult periods for the country, only monasteries preserved spirituality, kindness and gave people knowledge about the people, nature and God. For people, the church was that which kept piety at all times. But even this was not enough, the years went by, filling the memory of the people with good and bad (for the most part) events, now the church has taken on another task - the preservation of history.
At first, everything that the monks frantically wrote down on separate sheets of birch bark was called history, if it seemed to them really important. Therefore, it is worth clarifying that before the chronicler Nestor there were other people who made their contribution to history, only he was inept, unprocessed, because historical information was a burden at first, the monks did not know what to do with it, and history was waiting for its need. There were many famous historians today, but Nestor Pechersky is usually called the very first.
As the author of The Tale of Bygone Years, which told us about the events of the past, biographers call him the father of Russian history. Father Nestor Pechersky wrote several historical works that have become the greatest monuments of Russian literature. The chronicler outlined "Reading about the life and destruction of the blessed martyrs Boris and Gleb", "The life of the Monk Theodosius of the Caves", but the main work of Nestor was still a story that preserved on its pages all the important events for Russia, from there we learned the date and process of the baptism of Rus' .
But Nestor did not strive to write one whole book, in principle, he did not do this, since he called his writing in the plural. Indeed, the work consists of dozens, if not hundreds of stories about the fate of Rus' at different stages of its development. This does not mean that the chronicler himself witnessed all the events, he only arranged oral and written sources into a single whole - history.
The chronicler has always valued true knowledge, not fiction, which is invented to calm the people, it is for this reason that Nestor decides to start keeping records. Even then, he begins to think about other generations who did not find all these events, even then he began to think about the importance of historical knowledge. Of course, Nestor's life had difficult moments in Russia, but all of them were skillfully recorded in The Tale of Bygone Years. It is to Nestor that the modern generation owes their knowledge about the first Orthodox church, about how Prince Vladimir chose his faith, about the prince himself and, of course, about the Baptism of Rus' in 988. Nestor the chronicler gave us a lot of his knowledge, but even the life of such great people is not eternal, Nestor died around 1114, and his memorial day is celebrated in November.
Biographers still do not know the exact date of the death of the historian, it is not even entirely clear how the memorial day of the chronicler was selected. He probably died on November 9, according to the old style, but they did not change this date, but left it as it was in the memory of the old-timers.
Nestor is remembered not only in Russia, he is also worshiped in Ukraine. On the day of memory of the chronicler Nestor, they celebrate the birthday of the Ukrainian language and Ukrainian history. But this can be argued, since the birth of the history of all the countries that make up the then Kievan Rus should be celebrated on the day of memory, but in Russia so far they have not come to such a large-scale celebration of the day of memory of Nestor.
They did not begin to honor the saint immediately, the contribution of this person to Russian history began to be actively studied only in the USSR, before that, in general, all the saints were put aside on a distant shelf, and even more so the chronicler. After all, many did not believe his notes, considered them a fake, an invention, but Nestor wrote down history not for that, so that later they would forget about it.
On the day of remembrance of the Reverend in the USSR, postage stamps with his image were issued, and in Ukraine coins. Today, in the memory of the people, the realization of what this person did for the country again emerges, therefore monuments are being erected in his honor, temples are being erected.
Nestor the chronicler is the father of Russian history, without information about our homeland we would be nothing, Russia could not be called a country, because each country must have its own history. The saint helped us learn a huge amount of information about the country, gave rise to history. Therefore, on November 9, we celebrate the day of memory of Nestor.

Pre-excellent Nestor Le-to-pi-setz was born in the 50s of the 11th century in Ki-e-ve, at the age of 17 he drank in Ki- e-in-Pe-cher-sky monastery. He was in a listen-to-no-one-pre-do-but-go Fe-o-do-siya. In-sheared took from the yoke-me-on Ste-fa-na, pre-em-no-ka Fe-o-do-siya. With one hundred lives, mo-lit-howling and listening-sha-ni-em, the young mover soon transcended even from the famous pe-blacks sky elders. He was consecrated in hiero-di-a-ko-na. About his spiritual life, he doesn’t say that he, among other venerable fathers, participated in from-gna -ni be-sa from Ni-ki-you For-tvor-ni-ka, in the wake of the New-born-ho-ho-ty-te-la (pa-meat 31 Jan-va-rya ), de-flattered-but-go into Jewish wisdom-stvo-va-nie. The pre-excellent Nestor is-la-is-with-a-hundred-vi-te-lem first-in-the-initial history of the-she-of-the-Father-of-stva, or le-to-pee-si, where he from-la-ga-et by year tells about the na-cha-le of the Russian land and the following co- be-ti-yah its is-to-ri until 1100. In addition to that, they na-pi-sa-but the life of the holy princes Bo-ri-sa and Gle-ba, “The Tale of the first Pe-cher-sky - move-no-kah "and so on.

Nestor reached deep old age and peace, but he died around 1114.

John Troparion to the Monk Nestor the Chronicler, Caves, in the Near Caves

Times and years of memorable deeds, / deeds and labors of the God-bearing fathers, / Nestor the Wise, writing, / you kindled with love to follow the footsteps of the original ones, / with them do not stop praying to Christ God, / / ​​save souls on shim.

Translation: The times and years of deeds worthy of memory, the exploits and labors of the fathers, Nestor the wise, describing, you burned with love to follow in the footsteps of these saints, with them do not stop praying to Christ God for the salvation of our souls.

Kontakion to the Monk Nestor the Chronicler, Caves, in the Near Caves

Like this disciple of God-bearing Theodosius / and the true life of that imitator, / the first of his honest relics to be a witness was able to be thou, / even with others holyly carried, / inherited with the same the Kingdom of Heaven, / / ​​hedgehog receive also to us who honor you, pray to the Lord.

Translation: As a disciple of the God-bearing and a true imitator of his life, you were honored to be the first eyewitness of his revered ones, who, together with others, worthy of their holiness endured, you inherited the Kingdom of Heaven with them, which we, who honor you, pray to the Lord to receive.

Prayer to the Monk Nestor the Chronicler, Caves, in the Near Caves

Oh, reverend father, wise mentor and God-loving ascetic Nestor the Chronicler! Come with boldness to the throne of Eternal Glory, do not forget us sinners and unworthy, aggravated by storms of passions, and with your unceasing intercession protect our country, yours, and your relatives from all evils and sorrows. Establish our hearts in the Orthodox faith, teach your fatherland to love and remain strong in brotherly love. Lead us on the paths of salvation, and with your prayers, our intercessor, let us enter the eternal Kingdom of glory, praising the Lord and glorifying your intercession forever and ever. Amen.

Canons and Akathists

Akathist to the Monk Nestor the Chronicler of the Caves

Kondak 1

Chosen of God's cohabitant, otherwise honest and glorious chronicler, Father Reverend Nestor, accept our humble praises brought with love. But you, as if having great boldness in heaven, pray warmly for our country and its people, in order to deliver us from all evil, let us call you:

Ikos 1

Jealous of the angelic monastic life and despising the vanity of the perishable world, in your early youth you flowed, reverend father, to the monastery of the Pechersk city of Kiev, at the feet of its founders Anthony and Theodosius peacefully falling down and fervently praying for fellowship with the brethren. For this we cry out to you:

Rejoice, from your youth serve God lustily.

Rejoice, the good part of the morning of your life chosen.

Rejoice, forsaking the world and all its delights.

Rejoice, you who love the Lord with all your heart.

Rejoice, Nestor, the first chronicler of the Russian land.

Kondak 2

Seeing the good will of your heart and foreseeing in you a vessel of grace of Christian virtues, the Monk Theodosius, with great joy, counted you among the brethren of his monastery and worthy of the monastic rank, tenderly singing to God: Alleluia.

Ikos 2

With a God-enlightened mind, thou didst love, God-wise Nestor, the teaching of the book and zealously devoting to this, like a hard-working bee, collecting the sweetest honey of wisdom and multiplying in your soul for salvation the treasure of unexpected knowledge. For this sake, thou hast appeared worthy of the praises of the Sith:

Rejoice, thou who acquired the wisdom of bookish enlightenment in youth.

Rejoice, you who are very diligent in collecting precious beads.

Rejoice, having delighted in the honey of the knowledge of truth from youth.

Rejoice, you enriched yourself with an indestructible treasure wisely.

Rejoice, Nestor, the first chronicler of the Russian land.

Kondak 3

Having received spiritual strength from your Lord, reverend, you undividedly devoted your life to Him, singing the good to the Giver of God: Alleluia.

Ikos 3

Having a spiritual gift from your Lord, you didn’t hide the talent given to you, like a negligent servant, but helping the Lord many times, you multiplied the virtues in your life, good and faithful servant, may the Creator of all kinds be glorified in you, the same we call you:

Rejoice, you did not hide the treasure of wisdom entrusted to you in the earth.

Rejoice, rich spiritually growing garden of virtues.

Rejoice, good gatherer of incorruptible wealth.

Rejoice, having found the bliss of the desired Paradise.

Rejoice, Nestor, the first chronicler of the Russian land.

Kondak 4

Thou hast evaded the tempests of the passions of life, O servant of Christ, to the comforting haven of the holy monastery of Pechersk, having reached, even with the honest inhabitants of the sowing, Thou didst not cease to sing to thy Savior: Alleluia.

Ikos 4

Hearing the soul-saving instruction from the God-bearing Theodosius and other honest fathers, given to you indiscriminately, you carefully followed this in your cave seclusion, by prayer, fasting and negligence for the flesh strengthened in the laborious ascetic life of a monastic. For this sake, now you hear the praises of the Sitz:

Rejoice, from youth into the darkness of the cave, for the sake of salvation, dwell.

Rejoice, you who by unceasing prayer protect yourself from the turmoil of life.

Rejoice, for in your ascetic labor you had the God-wise Theodosius as a mentor.

Rejoice, thou obediently heeded this instruction.

Rejoice, Nestor, the first chronicler of the Russian land.

Kondak 5

Thou didst flow on the path of God, O glorious Father, desiring nothing more vain, but seeking the city of heaven, eternally seeking, unceasingly singing to the Lord: Alleluia.

Ikos 5

Seeing your tireless labors, directed to the salvation of the soul, and rejoicing fraternally about your success in the ascetic life of the monastic life, all the monks of the Pechersk monastery praise thee:
Rejoice, tireless worker, as if you were worthy of a good reward.
Rejoice, ascetic of good piety, as if you were not exhausted in your labors.
Rejoice, displaying an honest image of the monastic life of the brethren.
Rejoice, in humility and meekness of the soul, instruct everyone all the time.
Rejoice, Nestor, the first chronicler of the Russian land.

Kondak 6

You have found the forerunner of the glory of the father, O worthy Nestor, the Russian country, having led away her past fate, you betrayed all the writings for the teaching, instruction and edification of the future generation, and having led God’s providence to the Slovene language, they will sing to their Good Provider: Alleluia.

Ikos 6

Thou hast exalted, like the luminous sun, in the Russ of the earth, God-blessed Father, the deepest darkness of ignorance, covering me from time immemorial, with your writings first illuminated thou, calling to the light of knowledge and knowledge of God, invoking thy companions, from them worthily received the chinese praise:
Rejoice, thou who dispelled the darkness of barbarian ignorance among our people with a radiance of wisdom.
Rejoice, having served as your chronicle for the enlightenment of the fatherland.
Rejoice, work diligently over this until the end of your belly.
Rejoice, prepare yourself for the work of writing with warm prayer.
Rejoice, Nestor, the first chronicler of the Russian land.

Kondak 7

Although as a witness of a wondrous miracle to you, Father, reveal the Lord Almighty, inspire secretly to hegumen John of the Caves, may it be entrusted to you, together with others from the brethren, to dig the body of your mentor, the Monk Theodosius, buried in the ground, for ten years from this death, as an assurance of the grace of God , more evident on it. The same, having seen that in the tomb, the imperishable being and exuding great miracles, rejoicing, sang with the monks of the Pechersk miracles to the Creator of God: Alleluia.

Ikos 7

Thou didst raise new labor for the benefit and teaching of Christians, Reverend Nestor, in order to write off the life of the great saint, the Monk Theodosius, who was also with God-bearing Anthony, the initiator of the charitable monastic life in the lands of Ruste and the builder of the monastery of Pechersk, having already become tired of the glorious kennel of the Studian, keep the commandment in her forever. The same and we, thankful being for such your unworthy care for us, unanimously glorify you, father, taco:
Rejoice, reverent speaker of the life of the Monk Theodosius.
Rejoice, zealous imitator of this in your labors.
Rejoice, consoling the faithful with your tale.
Rejoice, thou who didst lead many to the monastic feat.
Rejoice, Nestor, the first chronicler of the Russian land.

Kondak 8

You were a wanderer and a stranger, Nestor, on earth, you don’t cling to temporary and corruptible existence, but directing your mind and heart to the bliss of the endless Fatherland of Heaven, where now from the Angels in joy you call: Alleluia.

Ikos 8

All your life, God-loving Father, is dedicated to your Savior and your neighbors. With a pure heart, we accept the commandment of Christ, with love you have fulfilled the law of grace, to the best of your ability, working for the benefit of your brethren and glorifying the Lord you have Beloved. The same from Him, having improved the glorification in heaven, hear on earth those who bless you with these praises:
Rejoice, bright image of brotherly love and humility.
Rejoice, good mentor of diligence and patience.
Rejoice, jealous of the salvation of your neighbors.
Rejoice, praise from these is worthy of acceptance.
Rejoice, Nestor, the first chronicler of the Russian land.

Kondak 9

You hated every carnal pleasure, Reverend Father Nestor, and you loved the monastic life, so also the Lord love you, glorify and grant us, like a fervent prayer book, singing to Him: Alleluia.

Ikos 9

Vitiy, with your more verbose, more brief words, glorified the land of our Fatherland, thou wiser mentor, from the Tale of Bygone Years: we took away from where the Russian land went, and with great filial love you loved. For this sake, the sons of Slovenian Russia in all generations and to this day praise thee, saying:
Rejoice, glorious rhetoricians in the simplicity of your word surpass.
Rejoice, enlightening us with the wisdom of your teaching with love.
Rejoice, faithful lover of the earthly Fatherland.
Rejoice, zealous zealot about the good of your land.
Rejoice, Nestor, the first chronicler of the Russian land.

Kondak 10

Thou, O God-bearing One, chose the narrow and difficult path of salvation by will, and turned thy face in no way backwards, turn thy eyes to the luminous Sun of truth, Christ God, and glorify Him with a song of praise: Alleluia.

Ikos 10

With a wall of undoubted hope, you, reverend, protected your soul from every temptation and temptation, knowing with strong faith the fullness of the grace and mercy of your Creator. For this reason, hear from us, unworthy and shattered by despair, this:
Rejoice, fragrant flower of virtue growing in the soul.
Rejoice, by the faith of the invisible, like the visible, desired and expected, as if they were, a true witness.
Rejoice, unslazy champion of Christian piety.
Rejoice, good strengthener and helper of those who are exhausted in painful doubt.
Rejoice, Nestor, the first chronicler of the Russian land.

Kondak 11

Singing laudatory from the sons of the Russians according to the heritage of accepting, the noble father, with your love do not stop interceding from all troubles and sorrows of our fatherland, in it you will take out, the name of the Lord is glorified by the song: Alleluia.

Ikos 11

With the light-beaming radiance of Divine love, wounded, most glorious chronicler, the images of sowing were revealed by the life of the passion-bearer of the holy noble brothers Boris the magnanimous and Gleb the meek, and to them subsequently, the virtues of brotherly love, love of the fatherland, humility and obedience gaining, but to you, the deeds of these writers of God-wise, we praise the sit:
Rejoice, for the grace of God rests upon you in abundance.
Rejoice, for we are wiser, the saints of God glorified you with love.
Rejoice, for the good of your land, your tireless prayer book.
Rejoice, lover of the fatherland and the seeker of wisdom of knowledge, everlasting helper.
Rejoice, Nestor, the first chronicler of the Russian land.

Kondak 12

The grace-filled source of instruction of the God-pleasing ones was found in you, Father Nestor, by your life and writing off your whole affirm to march steadily in the footsteps of the One Lover of Man and our Savior God, calling Him: Alleluia.

Ikos 12

Singing your God-pleasing life, most glorious Nestor, with tenderness we glorify your labors and deeds, in the image of Christ the Savior you have greatly pleased, and we praise the wondrous gaze of God on you, in the incorruptibility of your relics until now. Honoring your peaceful and shameless death, we worship the unsearchable Providence of the Most High, who made you a partaker of His inexpressible glory in the villages of the righteous, from there, incline your ear to our voice, crying out to you:
Rejoice, intrigues, deceit and wickedness of the demonic torn apart.
Rejoice, thou who has risen unhindered in the heavenly abode with thy spirit.
Rejoice, in the darkness of your cave body rest imperishably until this day.
Rejoice, from your relics, generously give much help to those who honor you.
Rejoice, Nestor, the first chronicler of the Russian land.

Kondak 13

Oh, glorious servant of God, God-wise Father Nestor! Look with your love from the height of heaven to the sorrow and tears of your earthly brethren and beg the All-Merciful Lord to deliver the Russian land and its children from troubles and misfortunes, let us praise His philanthropy and His generosity, singing out: Alleluia.

(This kontakion is read three times, then ikos 1 and kontakion 1)

Prayer

Oh, reverend father, wise mentor and God-loving ascetic Nestor the Chronicler! Come with boldness to the throne of Eternal Glory, do not forget us sinful and unworthy, aggravated by storms of passions, and with your unceasing intercession protect our country, your homeland, and your companions from all evils and sorrows. Establish our hearts in the Orthodox faith, teach your fatherland to love and stay strong in brotherly love. Lead us on the paths of salvation, and with your prayers, our intercessor, we will enter the eternal Kingdom of glory, praising the Lord and glorifying your intercession forever and ever. Amen.

Canon to the Monk Nestor the Chronicler of the Caves

Canto 1

Irmos: The faces of Israelites, with their wet feet the Pont Black and the wet depths drove away, the riders of the tristat enemies, seeing they are immersed in it, with joy I sing: we sing to our God, as if we were glorified.

Faces of monasticism, in the summer memory of the God-bearing father, flock diligently to the holy cave and, bowing with love to the relics of Nestor the all-wise, sing to God, as if gloriously glorified in His saints.

I am combined with the face of a monastic and on this day sing your memory daringly, help me, more than all the roughest, with your prayers, holy Nestor, God marvelously glorified in you.

Glory: The face of an angel was counted to be at least, the face of an angelic face in the flesh venerated thou, father, having learned from them the angelic life, thou ascended to a clever desire: we honor thee the same, as God marvelously glorified in you.

And now: The faces of the saints and the reverend father with the faces of the Angels are coming, glorify the Most Holy Word that gave birth to all the saints; glorify the Mother of God today and help us earthly, that from all wondrously glorified.

Canto 3

Irmos: The bow of the strong is weary, and the weak are girded with strength, for this sake my heart be established in the Lord.

The proposal of your mind be, like a bow is tense, father, living more in this deplorable vale, you had an ascent in your heart to God; and it hurts me, I lead my life in sorrow, Nestor, help me, praying for me, may my heart rejoice in the Lord.

Seventeen years old, in your mind you accepted your husband’s perfect age: you shone, like in senile gray hair, good deeds, and fix this in me, blessed, and my heart will rejoice in the Lord.

Glory: Purity and humility are deeply accepted to poverty, you flew up, holy, like krill, to the mountain of monastic virtues; from nowhere, seeing in the twinkling of an eye the transient image of this world, and moreover, put your heart into the love of God.

And now: The garden of purity, having given birth, with the fruit of this, to those who believe in Thee, be the Mother of God, nourished thou abundantly; and to me, who by faith bows to You, God-bred Virgin, let me not taste a little from this fruit, but my sad heart will rejoice.

Sedalen, voice 4

From the great father, he was guided into good morals and in his youth, all of God joined in, carnal lusts killed you with strong fasting, the spirit revived you with the hope of eternal blessings; Having lived like an angel on earth, now you are settling with Angels, we honor you, blessed Nestor.

Glory, and now:

I see terrible miracles, an unspeakable image in You, Most Pure Virgin, as if You conceived God and embraced the Unusual in Your womb, but what a mystery it is, I have not experienced it, moreover, I believe and with fear appease Thee, sing: Rejoice, God Incomprehensible spacious village.

Canto 4

Irmos: Hear thy glorious gaze, O Christ God, as if thou weret born of a Virgin, but deliver from flattery those who call: glory to thy power, Lord.

Hearing the glorious and marvelous on Mount Pechersk, you came there, reverend, and, seeing with fire and dew the grace of God descending at the beginning of the foundation of the church, still young, from the elders, you sang: glory to your power, Lord.

Creating the largest and most perfect tabernacle in your soul to the Holy Spirit, with a kind perception of the commandment from the God-bearing, the father gave to him, holy Nestor: those, as in the red chamber, come and make an abode in you, the Father with the Son and the Spirit.

Glory: Like a sweet milk, the teaching of the father of the God-bearing reception, you fulfilled the word in deed, blessed, and you were filled with the Most High Wisdom, even we are honored from your writings, we delight our souls with knowledge on these mountains of God's former grace.

And now: The sweet milk of repentance and the heavenly nectar of tenderness of the song to the love of those who bring you, give me, Pure Maiden, even though I am, obsessed with fear, driven by love, I bring Thee, Mistress, and I pray: sweeten my heart, Sweet Jesus Christ, my birth.

Canto 5

Irmos: From the light, the primordial light is stopped, as if in the light of the deed they sing Thee, Christ, the Creator, guide our path in the Light of Yours.

Withdrawing from the light of flattering love, you longed for desire, Nestor, follow the great father in the footsteps, morals and teachings: give it to us to diligently, and in the light of these deeds with your prayers direct our paths.

He is protected by deep humility, reverend, with the height of the vanity of the walking one, he overthrew the enemies, trampled thou with his feet; By your intercession to God, Father, give us humility and direct our steps in it.

Glory: Angelically your life ruled all of you, like an Angel of God, having a husband; by this, and to the diaconal degree, you were vouchsafed to govern your good procession in it, and our way to the shrine, Nestor, govern.

And now: The Path of the Birth of Life, the All-Holy Virgin, by the paths of the temptation of those who walk like the Merciful, you instruct on the paths of truth; and do not despise me, the Mistress, who is astray, but as if she gave birth to a Mentor to the astray, direct my path in the Light of His path.

Canto 6

Irmos: Whenever we grieve, cry to the Lord, and the God of my salvation hearkened to me.

In reverence and truth, ruling your rank, you have created the whole temple of the Holy Spirit, and, having entered the temple not made by hands, stand before the Throne of the Most High; and to me, who wants to be there, with your prayers, Father, help, I pray, the prayer book of my salvation.

The red garden of the Heavenly Maker was red when you were green, you were decorated with red deeds, good fruits, whose fragrance we now smell, you increased; I pray thee, blessed, give this gift to me from God my Savior.

Glory: From the labor of your exploits, the monk Nestor, having poured out many sweats, you have watered the field of your soul and, having grown the virtues of the class, now reap the handles, alive forever in Heavenly blood; in them also be me, pray to Christ my Savior.

And now: Sacred by the Spirit of the Father on the earth, holy, rejoice, for thou hast vegetated for us the blessed-leaved Tree; in the heat of my passions, scorched under the shade of onago, bring, Mistress, I pray to Thee as the Intercessor of my salvation.

Kontakion, voice 2

Like a disciple of the God-bearing Theodosius, a disciple and a true imitator of his life, the first honest witness of his relics, you were honored to be, even with others holily carried, inherited the Kingdom of Heaven with the same, and we, who honor you, pray to the Lord.

Canto 7

Irmos: Abraham sometimes in Babylon, the youths trampled the cave flame, crying out with songs: our fathers, God, blessed be Thou.

Following Abraham's footsteps, holy, by the fulfillment of the commandments you brought, as if he were Isaac, the mind of the Mistress is pure, for this sake, from this life, you passed into the earth, sharpening endless sweetness, where you pray to me, Nestor, the interlocutor of our God-bearing fathers.

Pass away from this passionate world, you have passed into a passionless world, where you live in peace with the sons of the world, and do not retreat from us, in this world, praying to your Creator, let us be partakers of you, singing: God, blessed be Thou.

Glory: Thou didst not divert thy heart into the words of slyness in this life of many turmoil, reverend, so that the air spirits of slyness passed serenely, to the Heavenly gates thou didst ripen: even to open us with your prayers, and we sing with you: God, blessed be Thou .

And now: I deviated from the path of truth and do not walk my feet on the right path, but on the rapids of passions it is deceitful, I hurt my mold with the thorns of sin, both and temple, I flow to Your goodness and pray: Mistress, heal me, Thou art the healing of my soul .

Canto 8

Irmos: In Babylon, the youths of God are inflamed with jealousy, a tormentor and a flame, manly trampling on the punishment and, in the middle of the fire, cast down, irrigate, sing: bless all the works of the Lord, the Lord.

Fortified by spiritual strength, thou hast flown, O God-wise, with the wings of thy virtues to the Heavenly Ones, and according to these years you live now, even if the summers are not impoverished, pray to them and us, singing: bless, all the works of the Lord, the Lord.

Thou hast passed from the house of the Mother of God, Nestor, to the House of God, the all-luminous Jerusalem, and, cohabiting as an Angel among the citizens of Heaven, intercede for us to be the same in your memory, singing the songs of the Lord.

Glory: The Trinity is One Essence: Father, and Son, and Holy Soul, One Kingdom, having strength and power, deliver us from the power of the prince of darkness, with the prayers of the God-bearing fathers of our Caves, with them and Nestor we bring Thee to prayer today, blessing Thee forever , Lord.

And now: the Throne of the Trinity, Mati Virgo, and the glory of the Trinitarian Deity will be taken out, praying for us sinners, and we will not lose Heavenly Glory, with the songs of Thee glorifying and from Thee the Born Lord.

Canto 9

Irmos: Thy Nativity appeared imperishably: God passed from Thy side, like a Carnivore, appearing on earth and living with people. Thee, Mother of God, we magnify everything.

Thou hast departed to the villages of the righteous, and in spirit stand before the Everlasting Light; look down on us, who live in the villages of the many-rebellious world, and help those who are in war, blessed Nestor, as we now magnify you with songs.

With them, you acquired love in a living body, with them, and departed in spirit, cohabiting, you are not excommunicated, as if your relics will show, Reverend, lying with the saints in the cave, with them appear for us praying to God, magnifying your memory.

Glory: The Lord loves mercy and truth, and you, more blessed, like Him, be a merciful intercessor for our salvation, but for your sake, we, having found grace, will not fall away from eternal glory, as we magnify your holy Assumption with songs.

And now: The Lord loves all your intercession, Most Pure Virgin, and accepts your prayers for the human race; pray also for us, Thy servants, the All-Tsaritsa, that we may obtain mercy on the Day of Judgment, I will take out to You as an Intercessor, bowing, magnifying.