Mucous discharge in the early stages, in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy: causes, norm and pathology. Alarming sign - mucous discharge during pregnancy

The female body is originally adapted for the conception, bearing and subsequent birth of a child. Everything inside is adjusted and tuned to ensure that at the most convenient moment when the egg and sperm merge, successful fertilization occurs. And the mucus, which is periodically released from the vagina, also takes a kind of part in this process.

The allocation of a certain amount of mucus, both in a pregnant and non-pregnant woman, is considered a normal state of affairs. Mucus is initially produced by glands located in the uterus and envelops. This mucus is transparent, odorless and not abundant. During the menstrual cycle, it is excreted from the body through the vagina, and the intensity of the discharge changes under the influence of hormones. In the first phase and until the middle of the menstrual cycle, mucus production under the influence of estrogens gradually increases. During this period, the mucus has a liquid and viscous consistency - this is necessary to ensure the normal movement of spermatozoa in the direction of the egg, and to help the egg leave the ovary. In the second phase of the menstrual cycle, the nature of the discharge, as well as the consistency of the mucus, change dramatically. So, the mucus loses its transparency, becomes viscous, the amount of its secretion decreases. The hormone progesterone is responsible for these changes.

As you know, during pregnancy, a major restructuring takes place in the female body. This also applies to hormonal levels. In connection with a noticeable hormonal shift, the nature of the discharge of mucus from the vagina also changes. So, during pregnancy (especially in the first trimester), the presence of progesterone in a woman's body is very high: this hormone is responsible for the preservation and development of the fetus in the initial stages of gestation. Therefore, we can say that at this time the body of a pregnant woman is in a state close to the second phase of the menstrual cycle. This explains the fact that mucus at this stage of pregnancy is viscous, opaque, in small quantities.

Against the background of increased hormonal activity, the reverse situation is also possible: the amount of vaginal discharge may increase. So, clean or whitish odorless mucous discharge, which at the same time are not irritants, are qualified by doctors as the norm. To eliminate discomfort from heavy discharge, it is permissible for expectant mothers to use special sanitary pads. But it is better not to use tampons to avoid the risk of infection in the birth canal.

If the mucous discharge is not accompanied, has a normal consistency for this period and does not cause pain, then the pregnancy is proceeding normally. But if there are any changes in the nature of mucus secretion, in its structure, discomfort appears, you should immediately consult a doctor. The most common reasons why the natural process of mucus secretion is disrupted can be for a pregnant woman (), bacterial vaginosis, or any other infections. If the body has the presence of one of these diseases, it will immediately affect the mucous secretions. Thrush, for example, is accompanied by a white curdled discharge with a sour smell. At the same time, they are often plentiful and cause itching and burning in the perineum in a pregnant woman. Bacterial vaginosis, on the other hand, is characterized by a watery, non-irritating, foul-smelling discharge. In any case, if the pregnant woman noticed any changes, it makes sense to visit a specialist. With its help, it will be possible to establish the cause of the changes, and, if necessary, determine the treatment.

Especially for- Tatyana Argamakova

SIGNS OF PREGNANCY AT 1 WEEK

Starting point for pregnancy doctors usually count the first day last menstrual period . Although pregnancy has not yet occurred, the woman's body has already begun preparations for this wonderful event. Conception occurs much later, only in the third week. How to prepare for desired pregnancy occurred as early as possible and was it successful? Let's discuss the main preparation steps before learning which the first signs of pregnancy are characteristic for 1 week from the moment of conception.

At the end of the first week, special attention should be paid directly to the conception of a child. To make the chances of conception as high as possible, doctors advise taking a three-day break from intimate life before the moment of possible conception.

Male sex cells are spermatozoa that are quite sensitive to the chemical composition of the environment in which they enter. The most favorable positions for conceiving a child the so-called missionary position and the knee-elbow position of the woman, in which the man is behind, are recognized. To increase the likelihood of conception, it is worth spending twenty to thirty minutes after intercourse lying on your back. You can lift your pelvis by placing a folded blanket under your lower back. or pillow . If you have animals in your house - cats, dogs and other pets, examine them at the veterinarian, do all the necessary vaccinations. Engage in timely prevention of colds.

Basal temperature measurements every morning are a useful habit for a woman planning to become a mother soon. If possible, try to avoid stressful situations and nervous shocks.

When planning pregnancy in advance, 1 week pregnant should be marked not only by a visit to the doctor, but also by the intake of vitamin complexes. In most cases, the gynecologist prescribes an ultrasound scan between the 5th and 11th days of the cycle. . This is necessary to control the process of follicle growth. In addition, an ultrasound scan will allow your doctor to determine the exact day of ovulation and identify possible hormonal imbalances in a woman.

Signs of pregnancy at 1 week not so noticeable, but nevertheless a woman often notices the following changes:

increased salivation. 1 week of pregnancy is often marked by the fact that drooling itself forms in the mouth. This happens not only before meals, when you are hungry and see mouth-watering treats on the table, but also after meals;

calf cramps, which are especially common at night, may also indicate that you are 1 week pregnant;

another common sign of pregnancy at 1 week is a metallic taste in the mouth and pigmentation changes. Already a week after conception, the white line of the abdomen, which starts from the navel and goes down, may darken. It is also possible the appearance of age spots on the face. , along the hairline;

bloating of the abdomen, as well as sudden constipation from any meal, are among the most embarrassing of the first signs of pregnancy.

The pregnancy period is counted from the first day of the last menstruation. for several reasons. Among the main reasons is convenience, since the date of the beginning of menstruation is remembered depending on the date of conception. After all, conception can occur not necessarily on the day of sexual intercourse, but even within 3 days after intimacy. According to global practice, the stage of fertilization is 2 weeks behind from the start of the menstrual cycle . This delay is called the ovulation period. Menstruation is the process of renewing the female reproductive system and preparing the body for ovulation and conception. At the same time, the ovary prepares for the possibility of the birth of a new life by the egg.

The gestational (or obstetric) gestational age is 40 weeks, that is, 10 months of 4 weeks each, for a total of 280 days. The obstetric period is divided into 3 trimesters: the first lasts from 1 to 12 weeks, the second from 13 to 27 weeks, the third from 28 to 40 weeks. In order to predict the birth of a baby by a certain date, you can calculate the estimated date of birth by the following method: add 7 days to the date of the beginning of the last menstruation and count back 3 months.

HOW LATE PREGNANCY PROCESSES (AFTER 30.35 OR AFTER 40 YEARS) IN A WOMAN

If we compare the possibility of getting pregnant at the age of slightly over 30 compared to when a woman is already almost 40, then the difference is huge. The closer your age gets to 40 years, the weaker the body's ability to conceive . Experts around the world advise women over 30 not to wait too long, especially if they plan to have more than one child.

Pregnancy after 30 years will proceed without any special differences from pregnancy at an earlier age. The ability to conceive and the risk of miscarriage or having a child with Down syndrome is only a couple of percent higher than in women aged 26 to 28 years. After the age of 35, a woman's fertility begins to decline sharply. Also, pregnancy after 35 years of age is marked by an increased risk of having a child with Down syndrome or other congenital malformations. Doctors may advise the expectant mother to undergo a series of examinations: amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling and some others.

In women aged 35 and 39 years the chances of conceiving twins increase many times even without prior infertility treatment. Usually, fertility treatment promotes multiple pregnancies. Normally, during one menstrual cycle, one egg matures in a woman. , but levels of the hormone that stimulates follicles (GSF) increase with age.

Pregnancy after 40 years has a number of advantages. Among them is the fact that since you were not in a hurry to have children before, it means that you were busy with career, personal growth, and had time to see the world. Your well-being financially provides a solid foundation for family life. Older women are better educated than young mothers, they make reasonable and informed decisions. Women over 40 are more prone to breastfeeding, they eat healthy food, take care of the baby.

The main disadvantage of having a child after 40 years is the difficulty of conception. It has been scientifically proven that 15 years before the onset of menopause, the number of eggs produced that mature in a woman's body begins to decline sharply. In addition, mature eggs can have chromosomal problems, leading to an increased risk of miscarriage and birth defects in the baby.

IS IT POSSIBLE TO GET PREGNANT FROM MUSCUS (PRE-JACULATION LIQUID)?

Sexual contact occurs when the body of both partners is completely ready for it. To make intimacy bring pleasure, not pain, the reproductive organs of both women and men secrete a special natural lubricant. This lubricant looks like colorless mucus and serves as proof that the partner is in an aroused state.

In men, lube is a pre-ejaculatory fluid that is released during intimacy and looks like clear, odorless mucus. Nature provided this mucus as a lubricant for easier penetration of the penis. The female body secretes the same fluid, but it is not related to pregnancy. . With male mucus, things are a little more complicated.

Many young girls wonder - " Is it possible to get pregnant from male mucus during intimate contact?"Specialists answer that it is possible to get pregnant from mucus, but the probability of this is negligible. Studies have confirmed that spermatozoa are present in the secretions (lubrication) of some men, but the number of such men is not at all large. Find out the answer to the question "Is it possible to get pregnant during intimacy from mucus?" is possible only through expensive tests.

WHAT EARLY SYMPTOMS OF PREGNANCY CAN APPEAR IN THE FIRST DAYS?

Only a gynecologist or a pregnancy test can determine pregnancy with a high probability. , but let's talk about what early pregnancy symptoms you can determine yourself.

The only way that will allow you to determine pregnancy with the greatest accuracy before a visit to the doctor , is a test. Some symptoms of pregnancy already in the first days after conception will tell you that the woman is in an interesting position. Some of the women feel their body so sensitively that they almost immediately feel that they are pregnant. Other women do not feel anything until the very delay of menstruation. Delay is the most obvious sign of pregnancy.
The first symptoms of pregnancy can be quite different from . Even in the same woman during her second pregnancy, the symptoms may differ from those she observed during her first pregnancy.

What early pregnancy symptoms can a woman see on her own? Strong cravings for salty foods, changes in taste preferences, increased irritability and nervousness. The expectant mother sometimes does not control her behavior well, although she understands that the behavior does not always correspond to the norm.

Symptoms of pregnancy in the early days- mild nausea or nausea at certain periods of time, which is called early toxicosis. Toxicosis may appear as a pronounced feeling at every meal, or just a slight nausea in the morning. Also, at the beginning of pregnancy, the perception of smells, tastes may change, there is an aversion to any food. Sometimes there is a metallic taste in the mouth.

In the early stages of pregnancy, breast enlargement is especially noticeable. Conception in the very first days gives rise to rapid hormonal changes in a woman's body. In just a couple of weeks, the breasts can become larger by one or two sizes, sensitivity increases.

FIRST SIGNS OF EARLY PREGNANCY

Some signs of pregnancy in the early days are more accurate than a conventional pregnancy test. At a very early date, the test may not show the desired second strip. Even if conception has occurred, then the level of hCG can be so low that the test will not be able to catch its rise.

The first signs of pregnancy can also be identified by the appearance of acne, even if you have never had such a problem. With the standard development of the fetus, the immune system of the expectant mother is suppressed. Nature provided for this so that the body does not reject the embryo as a foreign body. As a result of this, the expectant mother becomes very susceptible to all sorts of infections.

With regular monitoring of the cycle and measurement of basal temperature, you will notice that the temperature will remain elevated throughout the entire luteal phase. The hormone progesterone helps keep the temperature high throughout ovulation. If the basal temperature remains high and after the completion of ovulation, it indicates pregnancy.

Signs of early pregnancy- light spotting 8-10 days after ovulation. They start at the time when you should have your next period. This discharge is called implantation bleeding.

During the first pregnancy, the signs of pregnancy are earlier than during the second pregnancy. This is due to the fact that the metabolism becomes faster so that the body can support both the fetus and the woman's body. These symptoms can be expressed in the form of endless fatigue.

The first signs of pregnancy are also an increase in the amount of cervical mucus, cramps in the lower abdomen , constant constipation and gases.

HOW MANY WEEKS DOES A WOMAN PREGNANCY LAST?

One of the most common questions about pregnancy is: "How many weeks does a woman's pregnancy last?"

We know that pregnancy is 9 months, but why then is 40 weeks considered normal for childbirth? The first knowledge that a woman acquires during pregnancy is to consider the period in weeks, not months.

Doctors determine the gestational age, and hence the date of the expected birth from the fact that the average woman has a cycle of 28 days. Ovulation occurs on day 14-15 of the cycle.

Doctors have their own answer to the question "How many weeks does a woman's pregnancy last?" The optimal period is 280 days. It is quite difficult to determine the exact date due to the inability to establish the exact date of ovulation. It may not correspond to the date of sexual intercourse. A baby will be considered full-term if born between 266 and 294 days, which corresponds to a period of 38 to 42 weeks of fetal development.

Thus, 280 days are equal to 40 weeks, obstetric month consists of 4 weeks, that is, one cycle - 28 days. This is exactly 10 obstetric months.
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From the moment you are born, nature takes care that everything in your body is ready for reproductive function, for the role of a mother. Everything inside you is arranged in such a way as to help the egg cell merge with the spermatozoon at a favorable moment and take root in the uterus, thereby fulfilling its purpose. All organs and even secretions play important roles in this process, and the mucus that appears from the vagina of each of us from time to time is not at all the last on the list.

What kind of mucous secretions are normal, and which ones should be afraid of.

Starting from the second phase of the menstrual cycle, the discharge and their number change dramatically. It is released less, it becomes viscous and opaque, such changes occur under the production of progesterone, the hormone that is responsible for them, however, for pregnancy too.

It's no secret that with the onset of pregnancy, cardinal changes occur in a woman's body, primarily hormonal. The nature of the discharge during pregnancy also changes dramatically, and since during this period the body has an increased content of progesterone, the discharge of mucus during pregnancy understandably becomes sparse, opaque and viscous.

In some cases, with high hormonal activity, the amount of discharge may increase. But if they are of the same kind, clean or whitish, odorless and do not cause itching or irritation, then they are considered normal. If you are only concerned about their abundance, use special hypoallergenic pads. Tampons, in this case, are contraindicated - they increase the risk of infection in the birth canal, which can threaten the infection of the baby during the exit from them.

If suddenly the discharge of mucus during pregnancy dramatically changed its color, consistency, began to annoy with burning or itching in the genital area, in this case it is necessary to tell the gynecologist about such changes. This may indicate the presence of a genital infection or a disease that can complicate the course of pregnancy and cause harm. For example, in the presence of thrush (candidiasis), the discharge will become white, curdled and will have a sour smell. Quite often, they are accompanied by itching and burning in the groin area. But bacterial vaginosis in this regard is “softer”, its secretions absolutely do not irritate the mucous membranes of the genital organs. They are watery and have a very unpleasant smell.

In any case, you now need to be much more careful and pay attention to all the changes that are happening to you. Now everything is important, and your well-being, and the presence or absence of pain, and the nature of the discharge, too. You should tell the doctor about any changes without hesitation, only with a complete clinical picture and examination, he will be able to find out what kind of changes are happening to you, whether they pose a threat. If yes, then it will be eliminated by identifying and removing the cause of these symptoms. Do not get sick, have a pleasant and healthy pregnancy!

It would be easier for a woman to live if the first signs of pregnancy appeared the very next day after the fertilization of the egg. Unfortunately, this does not happen.

A woman should clearly monitor the menstrual cycle, visit a gynecologist and listen to her body. It should be taken into account that everyone has a different physiology and, accordingly, signs of pregnancy in the early stages. They may not appear at all, but may appear even before menstruation.

Sign #1: Elevated Basal Temperature

By regularly monitoring the menstrual cycle and measuring the basal temperature, you can easily identify signs of pregnancy at home. Throughout the luteal phase, it will be higher than usual. If, after the alleged ovulation, the temperature has not dropped and is kept even on days close to the onset of menstruation, then pregnancy is possible. During the ovulation period, progesterone keeps the temperature high.

The egg cell lives in the tubes for 12-24 hours and then dies. This time is called ovulation. If fertilization does not occur, she simply passes out in the urine. It turns out that a woman can feel the first signs of pregnancy after the implantation of the embryo, which occurs a week after ovulation.

Progesterone levels play a huge role during a woman's pregnancy. With its deficiency, the threat of miscarriage (abstraction) may develop. Feeling the first symptoms and signs during pregnancy, it is advisable to immediately do an analysis for hormones. By doing this, the expectant mother will protect herself and the child. With a lack of progesterone, hormonal drugs are prescribed that provoke its production, for example:

• Duphaston;
• Utrozhestan.

If there are no signs of pregnancy, the basal temperature decreases, menstruation occurs. The method perfectly shows all fluctuations in the hormonal background. You can determine dangerous and safe days for sex, plan the conception of a child.

Sign number 2: swelling of the mammary glands

The first signs of pregnancy can sometimes coincide with the onset of menstruation. Many women note sore breasts as the beginning of "critical days". But, swelling of the mammary glands during pregnancy and when it is not, has its own differences. For example, in a pregnant woman, the breasts do not just become inflamed, but become lumpy.

Other signs of pregnancy:

• breast halos darken, nipples become harder;
• visible blue lines on the chest (veins);
• bumps on the halo of the chest increase in size and number.

There may be burning and severe soreness in the chest. Some complain that you can't even touch, let alone put on a bra. After a month, the symptoms will become less noticeable. You can sleep comfortably on your chest and wear tight-fitting underwear.

Sign #3: No Period

The absence of menstruation is a symptom that ranks first in the list of "initial signs of pregnancy." Despite this, there are many reasons that explain this phenomenon. For example:

• infections;
• inflammatory processes;
• hormonal changes.

Severe stress can also affect the length of the menstrual cycle. If other signs of pregnancy complement the symptom, fertilization may have occurred. It is possible to assert this with 100% probability only after a doctor's examination and a blood test for hCG.

Still, the absence of menstruation is a reason to go for the test. If it is negative, there is no suspicion of the arrival of menstruation, it is worth repeating it in a week. It happens that a defective test comes across, expired or with low sensitivity. In this case, there may be a false positive response.

Doctors always recommend buying several tests from different companies and doing them early in the morning when the concentration of hCG in the urine is highest. If a woman is planning a child, she can purchase an electronic reusable test. This is convenient and saves a lot of money.

Sign #4: Unnatural discharge

Such signs of early pregnancy as discharge or cervical mucus, not all women distinguish. It can not be called a symptom, but rather signs of pregnancy. Cervical mucus is a fluid produced by the cervix that helps determine the fertile phase of the menstrual cycle. In the process of fertilization, mucus plays an important role. It helps the promotion of the spermatozoon, does not allow it to die.

Cervical mucus creates a favorable alkaline environment in the fallopian tubes. Due to this, spermatozoa do not die immediately. At the end, there remains the “last hero”, who nevertheless fertilizes the egg.

The method is useful and practical in that it can be carried out at home. You can determine the nature of the mucus as follows: after ovulation, take a smear from the vagina with your index finger and press with your thumb. If the cervical mucus stretches, it means that pregnancy is possible. If not, then it's missing.

Cervical mucus has a liquid structure, and during ovulation it changes to a thicker one with white inclusions. Signs of early pregnancy - thick after the ovulation period (3 weeks of the menstrual cycle). Sometimes you have to change your sanitary pads every 3-4 hours.

Sign #5: Period or Pregnancy?

As mentioned above, the first signs of pregnancy are often confused with the onset of menstruation. A woman on the days of the alleged menstruation begins migraines, acne, pulling pains, spotting. The daub is lighter or scarlet with bloody "threads". If you look closely, its color is different from the blood of menstruation.

If there is still no menstruation, in the next 2-3 days, then pregnancy is possible, and spotting is the first sign of pregnancy (stage of embryo implantation). It "settles down" in the uterus, is fixed on its wall and hence the blood. This may be accompanied by cramps in the lower abdomen, dizziness and nausea. A woman's body has the right to resent the presence of a foreign body, especially if it is male. Sometimes, the expectant mother at the stage of the first trimester (weeks 1-12) is tormented by terrible toxicosis, pain and drowsiness.

When there is no period, the test is negative or indeterminate, bloody discharge from the vagina is not considered normal. Doctors conditionally call this "early signs of pregnancy." Bleeding during pregnancy always negatively affects the fetus. It is usually advised to drink a course of hormonal drugs and buy suppositories that weaken the tone of the uterus.

Sign #7: Constipation, Diarrhea, and Diarrhea

In order to make more room for the “belly” hormone levels rise, the intestine relaxes and its work decreases. Naturally, some failures occur, accompanied by constipation or diarrhea (usually 2-5 weeks). These are the first signs of pregnancy that appear before menstruation.

Women rarely pay attention to this, they are mainly concerned about the standard symptoms (nausea, vomiting, fainting). At home, it is almost impossible to distinguish an upset stomach from pregnancy. If only because there is no knowledge and experience.

Sign #8: Emotional swings

The first signs of pregnancy are emotional instability, mood swings, lack of activity and drowsiness. Many women complain of lack of sleep, excessive fatigue, although their lifestyle has not changed. 3-6 weeks after embryo implantation are characterized by dramatic changes in the female body. Often irritability and uncontrolled aggression become the causes of quarrels with others.

The main reasons are:

• the growth of the hormone estrogen, which affects the mental state, changes the hormonal background;
• forced changes in the life of a pregnant woman;
• a woman is not always ready for pregnancy, sometimes the first symptoms of pregnancy do not bring joy;
• violations of the course of pregnancy, the need for preservation and hospitalization.

In general, this item depends on the nature of the woman herself, her restraint and ability to control herself.

Sign number 9: toxicosis

The first symptoms of pregnancy in the form of nausea are common. 1 out of 3 women feels all the delights of toxicosis in the early stages, not even realizing that this is not just poisoning. The body perceives the fetal egg as a foreign body and does not always accept it.

A balanced diet will help get rid of toxicosis and morning sickness. Symptoms worsen with low blood sugar. Here you need to consult a gynecologist and a nutritionist. You don't have to change your diet on your own. You can only aggravate the situation and new signs will appear during pregnancy, in the form of fever or acute malaise.

Sign #10: Enlarged Thyroid

Endocrinologists say that every third woman has problems with the thyroid gland. Sometimes the first signs of pregnancy appear precisely in the appearance of goiter. Its size frightens women and, in case of complications, it is advised to terminate the pregnancy. Thyroid disease is a hormonal deficiency.

At an early stage, a pregnant woman may feel pain and sore throat. Especially while swallowing food. Inflammation of the thyroid gland can provoke colds, which is especially dangerous for a woman in a “position”.

Unusual symptoms

Signs during pregnancy are not only medical related to health.

1. They say that some dreams indicate the imminent addition to the family. For example, a fish splashing in a clean river. Fish, according to popular belief, is a reliable sign that a woman will soon become a mother.
2. Some couples planning a child acquire a flower "female happiness". It is believed that the time of its flowering is not only a sign of the appearance of the baby, but also the best period for conception.
3. "Pulls for salty." Folk signs say that a woman at an early stage has a great addiction to pickled tomatoes and cucumbers.

Carefully!!! Imaginary pregnancy

If a woman is planning a pregnancy and is looking forward to replenishing her family, then she will pay attention to any early signs of pregnancy. There are times when all the symptoms and signs of pregnancy on the face:

• lack of menstruation;
• soreness of the mammary glands;
• nausea and fatigue.

But the "nasty" test shows the opposite.

Indeed, if a woman is fixated on a baby, false (contrived) signs during pregnancy are quite possible. Doctors have noticed that during an imaginary pregnancy, changes in the pelvis, an increase in the uterus, and even changes in the hormonal background can occur. Self-hypnosis is a great thing. The brain perceives the signals sent, and the body reacts accordingly.

This is interesting!!! At the beginning of the 19th century, Queen Draga of Serbia, being pregnant, already felt contractions and called the obstetricians. Vladimir Fedorovich Snegiryov, the queen's personal obstetrician, after a thorough examination, stated that there was no child in the womb, just as there was no pregnancy itself. All nine months, she was imaginary. Draga dreamed of saving her marriage and herself believed in her own fiction. No one could have guessed that the pregnancy was false. Absolutely all the signs were present: the absence of menstruation for all 9 months, toxicosis, an increase in the uterus.

False pregnancy can overtake not only those who dream of a baby, but also those who terribly do not want this or are afraid.

What can't be done?

It is highly not recommended to do an ultrasound at an early date. When the fetal egg is still small, even the modern apparatus has no way not to see it. Transvaginal examination is resorted to only in extreme cases. At home, you can confirm or deny pregnancy using a test. This is a safe and harmless method.

The ideal time for an ultrasound is 12 weeks. This is considered the end of the first trimester and the beginning of the second. It is at this turn that the signs of pregnancy are reliable and the embryo can be considered. Modern technologies make it possible to take a color photo with the help of ultrasound, as a keepsake for parents.