Goyi as stands for. Paste GOI: what happens, for what and how it is used. GOI pastes - application

Polishing agents are used for grinding and polishing metal, ceramic, plastic, stone or glass surfaces. In the CIS countries, GOI paste, developed by the State Optical Institute of the USSR in 1931-1933, was most widely used. The material is suitable for use at home and in production (in electroplating shops).

Composition and varieties

As an active component in the composition of the GOI paste, trivalent chromium oxide is used, which gives the material a green color. Additionally, binders and other additives are used: stearin, fat, oleic acid, kerosene, baking soda, silica gel (silicon dioxide). The old formula used hexavalent chromium oxide, but its use had to be abandoned - the substance causes cancer. Old paste of dubious origin is not safe to use.

The material is produced in the form of solid bars or a viscous mass supplied in jars. Available at any store that sells polishes. It is sometimes erroneously referred to as "goe" or "goya paste". The use of trivalent chromium oxide is 60-85% of the substance. The color of the composition and the size of the granules (and, as a result, the abrasive characteristics) depend on the percentage of the active substance. In total, 4 types of polishing agent are produced:

In production, thin pastes are used for lapping and final finishing of product surfaces. They are what give it shine and shine. At home, composition No. 2 is used for most works and materials.

Polishing rules

Polishing is done by wiping the surface with a soft cloth with paste applied to it. Rags are moistened in advance in gasoline (you can also take the contents of lighters). The material of the selected rag depends on the type of surface:

Abrasive particles remove the top layer of the part along with bumps and scratches. The coarser the abrasive, the greater the thickness of the layer to be removed.

Large particles can cause deep damage, so lumps must be broken before polishing. To do this, rags with paste are wiped on an unnecessary surface before work.

Correctly polish with smooth movements. Strong pressure leads to the appearance of new scratches. Work is carried out until a smooth shiny surface is obtained. In case of deep damage, the surface is first ground with a coarse paste, then medium and fine compositions are used. No. 2 and 1 cannot be applied immediately, as the defects will become even more noticeable. Usually polishing parts takes 3-4 minutes.

The finished product is rinsed in kerosene or under running water, however, it is not recommended to immediately place metal products under water. To slow down the oxidation process, metal surfaces are coated with zaponlak.

Jewelry, electronics

Items made of precious metals are polished only with soft cotton flannel and thin pastes, gold - only No. 1. Silver items are polished according to the standard algorithm, but before that they are cleaned according to the instructions:

It is forbidden to use GOI paste when working with a precious coating - the polish wears away layers of gilding, silvering, chrome plating, etc. Before polishing mechanical watches and electronics, working mechanisms and microcircuits must be removed from the case.

Glass, plastic

For polishing glass and plastics, only thin compositions and soft cotton rags are used. When working with plastic, the material is not wetted in gasoline, the paste residues are removed with a dry cloth or a dry paper towel. Plastic surfaces do not need to be oiled. Glasses are pre-treated with special rubber circles.

Sapphire glasses, used to protect watches and small electronics, are useless to polish with GOI paste - they do not lend themselves to it.

Working with cars

GOI paste is used for grinding and polishing body parts, headlights, mirrors and car windows. The body is treated with power tools with felt nozzles, glass and headlights are polished with flannel. The type of paste used depends on the planned work:

Middle composition (No. 3) body parts are polished. After sanding, the surface looks matte and requires finishing.
Thin compositions (No. 2 and 1) polish body parts and glass elements.

To determine which operation to start body work with, you need to run your fingernail over the problem area. If the nail clings to scratches, then the body is first sanded and then polished. If the nail does not cling to scratches, it is immediately polished.

Before work, body parts are moistened with a glass cleaner or water. Polishing wheel speed - from 1100 rpm. A circle is driven along the body without stops, maintaining an angle of 4-6 degrees between the nozzle and the part. The remains of the paste are removed with warm water under low pressure.

Before polishing mirrors, glass and headlights, the surrounding parts are covered with plastic wrap. The elements to be treated are pre-washed either with a soap solution, or with a glass cleaner solution, or with a solution of technical alcohol. Wipe dry after washing.

When working, use a machine with a grinding wheel or a drill with a special nozzle. The paste is ground into a powder and mixed with machine oil. One drop of oil per spoonful of powder. The mixture is applied to a grinding wheel and rubbed over the surface to overlap the bands. During polishing, make sure that the product does not overheat. The remaining paste is removed with a paper towel. Deep scratches are not suitable for polishing, they are filled with a colorless leveling compound.

Softening of GOI paste

A dried bar of GOI paste can be restored without loss of abrasive properties. To do this, a small piece of dry paste must be ground to a powder and diluted with machine or technical oil. There should be four drops of oil per tablespoon of powder. The mixture is stirred and placed in the microwave for 30 seconds and then stirred until smooth. It is impossible to replace oil with kerosene, while the abrasive characteristics of the composition are greatly lost.

Alternative means

The main competitors are diamond pastes and pastes based on aluminum oxide. They also differ in colors according to their abrasive properties:

Materials of gray and red color are used for grinding and rough polishing of metals. Individual samples are able to remove even deep marks.
Pink - analogues of GOI No. 3 paste. Removes traces of machining and creates a shiny surface.
White and turquoise formulations are designed for finishing and working with delicate surfaces.

Polishes are produced both in Russia and abroad: Gtool, Dialux, Rupes, Depural, Peek, Actuel. Foreign analogues are usually more expensive, but more efficient and easier to use. They are less expensive. Available in the form of bars, liquid mass or powder.

Safety

The tool is safe for human health, but this does not eliminate the need to wear personal protective equipment. When performing manual operations, gloves and goggles are required, a respirator or a medical mask is optional. When working with power tools, a respirator is required. If the paste gets into your eyes, rinse immediately with water and seek medical attention.

GOI paste is one of the most popular products in our country for polishing products from various materials. It is produced in the form of a green bar, similar to a bar of soap or in cans. It should be noted that initially GOI paste was developed directly for grinding metal surfaces. But over time, its use has spread to other areas of human activity. The tool got its name in honor of the State Optical Institute - the enterprise where it was obtained for the first time.

Classification and composition

The main compound in the GOI paste formula is chromium oxide. Its concentration affects the granularity of the substance and, accordingly, the performance. The higher the percentage of chromium oxide in the GOI paste, the coarser it is (varies from 60% to 85%). Depending on the granularity, several varieties are distinguished, each of which is assigned an individual number:

No. 1 - thin for final polishing and giving a mirror finish;
No. 2 - thin to achieve a uniform matte surface;
No. 3 - medium for removing small irregularities;
No. 4 - rough to eliminate visible scratches.

Types of paste differ in composition, structure and color (from light green in thin to black and dark green in coarse).

In addition to chromium oxide, GOI paste contains fatty binding compounds, as well as activating components in the form of various solvents, adsorbents and other reagents, for example, silica gel, kerosene, stearin, bicarbonate of soda.

What materials are polished with GOI paste?

The main purpose of GOI paste is the processing of metal products (stainless steel, cast iron, silver, aluminum, etc.), but it can also be used for polishing other surfaces: glass, plastics, ceramics, solid polymers. It is worth noting that this tool has found wide application both in industry and in everyday life.

In everyday life, GOI paste is used to polish kitchen knives, scissors or other products made of steel alloys. It is very popular with numismatists, who use it to remove corrosion from old coins and restore their luster. Fishermen use GOI paste to clean artificial lures for fishing, increasing their specularity. Hunters with a mixture of this tool polish the barrels of guns.

GOI paste is also used for polishing mirror, plastic and glass surfaces (including plexiglass). This technical tool can partially restore CDs, mobile phone screens, watches, jewelry, etc. GOI paste perfectly eliminates scratches and chips on car headlights, and also effectively removes their clouding and blackening.

Thus, GOI paste is the most important tool in metalworking, as well as in fine high-quality polishing of various surfaces without the use of special equipment.

How to use?

GOI paste should be applied to the surface using a special polishing wheel or a soft cloth moistened with a solvent, for example, rags or gauze. It should be remembered that the wetter the cloth material, the longer the processing, but the better the result of the work done. In the form of a solvent, it is possible to use kerosene, diesel fuel or other hard-to-evaporate, non-aggressive liquid.

Polishing a product with GOI paste includes the following steps:

Apply GOI paste to the rag material. It is strictly forbidden to add the agent to the polished surface, as this may lead to the formation of new damage.
Before grinding, in order to grind large particles, it is recommended to rub the product on a metal surface.
To speed up the process, treat the surface to be polished with a little liquid industrial oil.
To avoid new scratches, polishing with GOI paste should be carried out without sudden movements and strong pressure. During the procedure, it is sometimes necessary to wipe the surface of the workpiece dry to control the quality of grinding.
Upon completion of work, thoroughly rinse the product in a solvent, if this is not possible, exclude all signs of GOI paste from the surface with water.

Features of polishing products from various materials

It is important to note that products made from various materials require a certain technology of polishing with GOI paste. First of all, it is necessary to choose the type of technical means and fabric with which the surface will be treated. After that, in order to get the maximum result and exclude the formation of new damage, you should decide on the polishing process,

For polishing glass and plastic, it is recommended to choose GOI No2 paste and a soft-haired cloth, such as cotton or flannel. At the same time, the agent must be rubbed abundantly on a piece of rag material, and the surface of the product must be cleaned of debris and dust. After the preparatory work, you can start polishing the surface. To do this, it is necessary to grind the product for several minutes without brute force, slightly pressing. It is worth noting that when processing the screen of a mobile phone or watch, it is necessary to carefully use solvents and oil so that they do not penetrate into the case.
Silver jewelry tends to lose its original luster over time. The correct use of GOI No3 paste will help restore the appearance of products. As a processing fabric, you should choose a material with a more rigid structure, for example, a canvas or felt circle, a piece of felt boots. After applying the GOI paste to the fabric, it is necessary to carefully rub the product against it, completely covering the darkened surface. The final step will be polishing the jewelry with a softer cloth material until the final shine is obtained. To achieve the greatest effect, it is recommended to boil silver items before grinding in a solution mixed from: 300 ml of water; 2 teaspoons of an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide; 50 g of grated soap; 50 g of washing powder.
To polish knives or scissors, GOI paste is applied to a wooden block. You can also glue sandpaper to the board and rub it with this technical tool, slightly moistened with a solvent. Then, steel alloy products should be ground on the bar with reciprocating movements at different angles.

What products cannot be polished with GOI paste?

It is worth remembering that polishing products from some materials with GOI paste may be ineffective or even damage the appearance. This technical tool is not recommended for processing:

gold-plated products (you can erase the outer layer);
steel, except for knives and scissors, and nickel (as a rule, they are not ground by hand, but with a special tool);
metal watch (can be polished with the mechanism removed);
sapphire watch glasses (polishing with GOI paste is ineffective).

Harmful to humans?

There is often concern that the chromium oxide contained in GOI paste is toxic. These judgments are grounded, since a given compound, depending on its valence, can exhibit different properties. Hexavalent chromium oxide is poisonous and hazardous to human health. Meanwhile, in the production of GOI paste, a non-toxic trivalent compound that has passed the examination is used.

At the same time, excluding the harmfulness of GOI paste for human health, it is recommended to use goggles and a mask when using it. This is due to the fact that when polishing products, dust is formed, which can cause irritation of the mucous membranes.

Goi paste is a universal tool for polishing surfaces. There are several types of paste, depending on the material to be polished. This instruction will tell you what goi paste is for, how to use it for metal, glass and other surfaces.

In addition to the correct selected paste material, proper polishing is needed.

Goi paste got its name from the first letters of the State Optical Institute, where it was invented in the 30s of the last century.

Composition and types of GOI

Previously, the active substance in the GOI paste was chromium oxide and it had a pronounced green color. GOI paste is still actively used, but it has lost its green color. Chromium oxide is a poison and a carcinogen, its use is strictly prohibited by regulatory authorities. Green pasta can still be found and bought, but the production of this particular pasta has already closed. The color of modern Goi pastes is white and red. Red is suitable for whiter intense polishing, and they are made from aluminum oxide. White paste is useful for better polishing a smooth surface.

This polish comes in the form of a green bar or a thinner paste in a jar.

Even when GOI was green, it had three varieties depending on the level of polishing. Now the size of the abrasive particles has received another value. GOI No. 4 is designed for rough surface treatment, preparing the area for further polishing, No. 3 makes the surface evenly matte without scratches, using No. 1 and No. 2 bring the surface to a perfectly glossy result.

How to use GOI?

The principle of operation of this polishing agent is based on the careful removal of the top layer, which also contains abrasions. This should be done with a soft cloth soaked in gasoline. Gasoline is needed to dissolve too large pieces.

Advice! If you don't have a car and you don't know where to get gasoline, you can drain it by carefully opening a gasoline lighter.

Before use, the paste should be wiped a little on a piece of unnecessary metal.
If large pieces remain in the paste during use, you can achieve the opposite result - scratching the surface.
Polishing is a filigree process where details matter. The paste should be mashed, and the rag should be as soft and smooth as possible.
You can take a polishing wheel and apply GOI paste on it, but in no case should you start polishing by applying the paste to the surface to be treated. The product can be lightly lubricated with liquid oil - "spindle".

Can GOI cope with deep defects?

The paste copes with fairly severe scratches, if the thickness and strength of the material allows. It is necessary to use all four stages of polishing, and then rinse the object with caracine. Pharmaceutical kerosene will do. If you do not have it or the polishing object cannot be treated with kerosene, running water will also do. This will wash away the microparticles.

Polishing car parts

Polishing and polishing car parts is important not only for the sake of a great appearance, but also to protect against rust and further spread of damage.

Scratches appear on the headlights, this makes them dim; the paintwork rubs, damage begins to threaten the body; the dashboard loses its appearance from scratches. For plastic, for glass, for paintwork and metal, green paste and its followers are suitable.

Information! Grinding and polishing are two sides of the same process. Sanding is a rough procedure using an abrasive to remove a damaged layer. Polishing - gently bringing an object to a shine. It usually follows after grinding. The glass surfaces of the car, whether it be headlights, rear-view mirrors or windshield, are polished with flannel. The body is easier to work out with felt.

For headlights and other glass products, the following algorithm is suitable:

Start by degreasing the surface: wash with a car wash, wipe with alcohol or glass cleaner. If there is even a little dirt on the glass, it can cause additional scratches.
Polishing should be done with a drill with a felt nozzle or a special grinder. Manual work is needed only to remove haze, otherwise you can not do without a special apparatus.
For polishing, you need to add a drop of machine oil to the GOI paste, apply the mixture to the polishing wheel.
Without undue pressure, process the desired places, or gently go over the entire surface of the glass.

Polishing movements can be made in any direction, but it is better to use the principle of overlapping bands.
To control the result, wipe the GOI with a paper towel: when the surface has become perfectly smooth and transparent, you can complete the polishing.
When polishing a single part, it is better to cover the rest of the surface with a film, otherwise the whole car will need to be washed later.
Soundly deep scratches are best filled with a special transparent composition.
For glasses, only GOI No. 1 or 2 can be used.
The glass may heat up during friction. This should be carefully avoided, as unevenly heated glass can crack.

The body is polished in the following sequence:

Thoroughly clean the surface to be treated.
Apply paste to the circle and accelerate the machine to 1100 rpm, then grind the body at a slight angle.
Rinse off the remaining product with water under low pressure.

Polishing jewelry with GOI paste is the same as any other. You just need to take the paste number 1. Jewelry made of gold and silver is perfectly polished in this way.

The only difference is that they require special cleaning. Silver needs to be treated with toothpaste using a brush. Then you need to boil in an enamel bowl with ammonia and soap shavings. To use knife paste, it is applied to a leather belt stretched over a block of wood.

No matter how versatile GOI paste is, there are surfaces that it is better not to touch. Do not use on watch glass or other metal parts. A mechanical watch is a thin and fragile mechanism. Soft versions of the paste do not give a good result on the watch, and rough ones will simply erase the coating from the metal. If the watch is covered with sapphire glass, then there is no point in polishing for another reason - this glass is so hard that it cannot be polished with paste.

Results

When using this polish, especially green, you need to carefully observe safety precautions. Be sure to use a respirator, especially when polishing metal, and using gasoline. Avoid inhalation of vapors and particles. Shavings can cause severe irritation of the mucous membranes and even get into the lungs. If this happens to you, contact your medical service.

GOI paste is a multifunctional, highly effective and, at the same time, inexpensive domestic polishing agent, popular among professionals in various industries, and also excellent for household use. It can be used to polish a wide range of materials, from rough materials such as metals to the delicate plastics of mobile phone displays. And chrome-plated surfaces after processing with paste acquire the original specularity and shine.

This wonderful tool was invented back in the thirties by a group of Soviet scientists. They developed a tool that is simultaneously capable of: protecting the surface from adverse external influences, restoring a damaged surface, and improving the reflective qualities of the surface. The work was carried out at the State Optical Institute, abbreviation - GOI. Hence the name of the popular pasta.

Initially, the paste was developed for grinding glasses and lenses. Soon it became widely used in a wide variety of industries and everyday life: jewelers use it, cut knives, polish car windows and headlights, and even badges of soldiers' belts in the army.

Due to what is such a multifaceted effect of the paste? The mass applied to the damaged surface fills cracks and chips, restoring the integrity of the structure and improving its transparency. And after polishing and grinding, the reflection of the light beam improves significantly, which affects the aesthetic component of the procedure.

Composition of GOI paste

GOI paste is a dense mass of different shades of green. The basis of the paste is fine-grained granular chromium oxide powder. It is he who has an abrasive effect and gives the paste a characteristic green color. The paste also contains organic solvents and various chemical reagents, such as stearin, fat, kerosene, silica gel and others. Depending on the ratio of these substances, the granularity and, accordingly, the abrasive ability of the paste changes.

In total, there are 4 types of pasta.

Pasta No. 4- has a light green color. Composition: 81 parts of trivalent chromium oxide, 2 - silica gel, 10 - stearin, 5 - split fat, 2 - kerosene.

Pasta No. 3- Green colour. Composition: 76 parts of trivalent chromium oxide, 2 - silica gel, 10 - stearin, 10 - split fat, 2 - kerosene.

Pasta No. 2- dark green. Composition: 74 parts of trivalent chromium oxide, 1 - silica gel, 10 - stearin, 10 - split fat, 2 - kerosene, 2 - oleic acid, 0.2 - bicarbonate of soda.

Pasta No. 1- black, with a green tint. Composition: 74 parts of trivalent chromium oxide, 1.8 - silica gel, 10 - stearin, 10 - split fat, 2 - kerosene, 0.2 - bicarbonate (drinking) soda.

And although, at first glance, the differences in the compositions of these 4 types of pastes are insignificant, it is they that give the pastes not only a different color, but also properties, and, accordingly, the scope.

What are the 4 different types of pastes used for?

The main parameter that determines the type of paste is the size of the abrasive particles. If you use a paste of the wrong particle size, you can only harm the treated surface: larger particles will scratch the surface, smaller particles will ruin the reflective properties of the material.

Pasta No. 4– the size of abrasive particles is 40-18 microns. This coarse pasta is the most expensive, but also the most popular. Its main purpose is rough grinding of the surface, resulting in the removal of scratches of varying degrees of depth and size on the surface. It does an excellent job even with deep scratches on metal. After processing gives a matte surface.

Pasta No. 3- the size of the abrasive particles is 17-8 microns. It is used for sharpening steel and further grinding. The result is a clean surface without streaks, with a smooth matte sheen.

Pasta No. 2- the size of the abrasive particles is 7-1 microns. Designed for fine polishing. After processing, the surface acquires a mirror finish.

Pasta No. 1- the size of the abrasive particles is 0.3-0.1 microns. Its action is close to paste No. 2, it is intended for finishing and gives the surface a perfect shine.

The choice of paste should be made taking into account the material to be processed, and depending on what effect you want to get. So, with paste No. 3, you can achieve an excellent matte sheen on the surface of the car. And paste number 1 will help remove scratches from the screen of a mobile phone.

If there are many various defects on the surface of the object, including deep ones, then first the surface is treated with paste No. 4, then paste No. 3 is used, and the treatment is finished with paste No. 2. Paste No. 1 is used to bring the final gloss.

How to use GOI paste

The paste is available either in the form of solid bars, or in a jar in the form of a viscous mass. In both cases, it is quite dense and hard, and the hardness of the paste increases during storage. Therefore, before starting work, the paste must be softened. For this, ordinary liquid machine oil is used - “spindle”. You need to break off a piece of paste and put a few drops on it. The resulting mixture must be well mixed. After obtaining a homogeneous consistency, the paste can be used. To do this, it is applied to a cloth, which will be used to treat the surface. To obtain the maximum effect, dirt must first be removed from the treated surface.

It is important to remember that the GOI paste itself should not be applied directly to the surface to be treated! This may destroy the paintwork. The paste is applied only to the fabric! And this fabric, which will be polished, is very important to choose the right one. Here we must remember one rule: the rougher and harder the object being processed, the rougher the fabric should be. So, denim and felt fabrics are best suited for metal processing. And for glass processing, a soft flannel cloth will give the maximum effect.

So, the paste was diluted to the desired consistency, a rag was selected depending on the material being processed. How to proceed? A small amount of paste should be applied to the fabric and rubbed on a piece of unnecessary metal. This is necessary in order to remove large pieces of paste from the napkin, which can scratch the surface to be treated. Before starting work, it is advisable to moisten a cloth in gasoline for refueling lighters. The chromium oxide contained in the paste dissolves well in gasoline, and this simple trick will increase the effectiveness of the polish. Next, apply a couple of drops of the “spindle” to the surface of the object and begin to polish with soft circular movements, periodically dripping oil or gasoline. When polishing, do not make sudden movements, press hard on the surface - this can harm, lead to the formation of new scratches. Continue polishing until the desired sheen is achieved. After finishing work, rinse the product in kerosene to remove any remaining paste. In the absence of kerosene - at least in water.

To make the work go faster, you can use a polishing wheel for this procedure. The paste, previously also diluted with machine oil, is applied to the felt circle itself.

Features of the use of paste depending on the material being processed

Using knife sharpening paste. If you need to fine-tune the knife blade, then you need to rub the paste with a smooth wooden surface, and even better - the skin stretched over a smooth surface. For example, take a board for straightening knives. Next - make methodical movements of the knife, similar to those done when sharpening on a conventional grindstone. Drive the blade should be on the surface treated with paste.

Use of paste for glass and plastic. Unfortunately, over time, the surface of a watch glass, car headlights, or mobile phone screen can become scratched. You can restore the former evenness and smoothness at home without much difficulty. To do this, take a cloth with a soft pile and paste No. 2. The fabric is rubbed with paste so that the layer is noticeable. And with this flap for several minutes, without applying too much effort, you should rub the surface of glass or plastic. But it should be remembered that gasoline and oil cannot be used when processing the phone!

Use of paste for cleaning silver products. Silver jewelry, cutlery lose their luster over time, acquire a dark coating. You can return them to their former beauty with the help of paste No. 3, a piece of soft cloth and a piece of felt. The felt should be rubbed with a paste and treated with light movements until the surface of the product is removed. And then buff it with a soft cloth for a few minutes.

For what things you should not use paste.

No matter how wonderful GOI paste is, it is not magical and cannot restore and polish everything. And if used improperly, even harm. So, she should not process gilded things. Otherwise, the top, most valuable layer will remain on your rag, and you will get a polished base metal.

Metal watches can be polished, but they must first be disassembled so that the paste does not get into the mechanism.

If the surface is too badly damaged, you should not start polishing immediately with pastes No. 2 or 1, as the defects will become even more noticeable from this.

You should not polish GOI paste and sapphire crystals on watches - she does not take them.

And yet, despite some limitations in use, GOI paste is truly universal. Let's recall once again what objects and materials this wonderful paste can bring to a “like new” state:

Products from stainless steel and non-ferrous metals.
Glass, including optical and organic.
Polymer and plastic products.
Ceramic, porcelain, clay objects
Surfaces of soft and hard wood products.

It is not surprising that this practical, versatile and inexpensive tool, invented by Soviet scientists, has received worldwide recognition.

Paste GOI

Piece of GOI paste

Varieties of GOI pastes and their application

Note

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