Antipyretics. Antipyretic rectal children's candles for temperature: a review of drugs and use for infants and older children

Antipyretics are usually used without even thinking about the fact that they have their own contraindications and side effects, their dosages. But violation of the rules of admission can lead to undesirable consequences. What features of antipyretics should be taken into account in order to help your body cope with the disease and not harm? How to choose an antipyretic?

Antipyretic: instructions for use

Fever, or hyperthermia, is the body's response to an infectious-inflammatory process. With an increase in temperature, infectious agents multiply more slowly, and the immune system is activated - more immunoglobulins and interferons are formed. Therefore, it is not always necessary to bring down the temperature. Temperatures up to 38°C are protective and help the body resist.

Antipyretics, like any medication, have side effects. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) irritates the gastric mucosa, can cause an allergic reaction (aspirin bronchial asthma), and in children often provokes Reye's syndrome (a very serious disorder, accompanied by damage to the liver and brain). Metamizole sodium (analgin) can disrupt the formation of blood cells and provoke internal bleeding, severe allergic reactions. Paracetamol can affect the condition and function of the liver, and can have a hepatotoxic effect. Ibuprofen and many other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are known for the risk of gastropathic effects (nausea, vomiting, irritation of the gastric mucosa), in addition, they can adversely affect the cellular composition of the blood and kidney function.

It is important! Do not abuse antipyretic drugs and use them for mild ailments.

When taking antipyretics, you should follow the recommended dosage and frequency of administration. Combined cold medicines in the form of effervescent tablets and powders for preparing hot drinks are reliable and effective in themselves, but the dosage form in which they are produced contributes to unnecessarily frequent use. Many use them as an invigorating and warming remedy, instead of a regular mug of tea.

In order to properly use antipyretic drugs and not expose yourself to the risk of overdose and side effects, you need to clearly understand what happens in the body when the temperature rises and how different types of antipyretic drugs affect it.

Rise in temperature: how does it happen?

Doctors distinguish 3 periods of development of febrile syndrome:

• rising temperature rise
• reaching maximum values
• normalization.

All therapeutic actions aimed at combating the symptoms and consequences of fever will depend on the period.

The initial period of fever is characterized by a deterioration in the patient's well-being (malaise, weakness), pallor of the skin, severe chills. Sweating is reduced, and the skin looks dry and cool (due to spasm of subcutaneous vessels). In babies of the first years of life, an increase in temperature often begins with tearfulness, nausea and vomiting.

As the temperature rises, the patient's condition deteriorates sharply, there is pain in the muscles, heaviness in the head, a feeling of heat and severe weakness. The skin acquires a bright pink color, becomes hot and moist to the touch. The functioning of the nervous system is disturbed, appetite disappears, sleep may be disturbed, but the main complaint of patients during this period is a severe headache and general malaise.

The third febrile period (decrease in temperature) can occur very quickly - critically, or gradually - lytically. A rapid decrease in body temperature is undesirable, because. may be accompanied by a drop in blood pressure, a decrease in vascular tone and a weakening of the pulse. The patient at this moment complains of dizziness, weakness and lethargy, sweats profusely. With a gradual decrease in temperature, the symptoms of fever disappear smoothly, without causing an overload of the whole organism. Most often, in such a situation, the patient feels a slight weakness, perspiration, and imperceptibly falls asleep.

When should the temperature be lowered?

There is no single answer to this question. For some, a temperature increase of only 1°C is already accompanied by unpleasant sensations, while the other person remains active and efficient even when the temperature rises to 38°C. Therefore, the issue of taking antipyretics should be decided individually, taking into account all the features of the patient's condition and the course of the disease. But there are also general recommendations:

• it is recommended to reduce the temperature if it rises above 38-39 ° C;
• if the patient (adult or child) suffers from cardiovascular diseases or chronic disorders of the nervous and respiratory systems, the temperature is reduced without waiting for it to rise to critical numbers;
• even a not too high temperature is reduced if the patient has a hard time with fever;
• in children who tend to respond to temperature with convulsions, the temperature is also reduced before it reaches serious numbers.

When the temperature rises, it is important to remember:

• without sufficient drinking regimen, no antipyretics work;
• it is not recommended to reduce the temperature by "folk" methods, especially when it comes to treating children (the exception is drinking plenty of water and rubbing with water at room temperature);
• combined antipyretic and cold remedies are undesirable for children;
• to reduce temperature in adults, it is recommended to use drugs based on paracetamol, ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid and metamizole sodium;
• to reduce the temperature in children under 12 years of age, only paracetamol or ibuprofen-based antipyretics are used and only in age-appropriate dosage forms - conventional drugs cannot be used simply by reducing the dosage!

What is the difference between different antipyretics

The composition of all antipyretics includes one of 4 components: paracetamol, ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid or metamizole sodium.

Paracetamol has a pronounced antipyretic and analgesic effect. It gradually and for a sufficiently long time reduces the elevated body temperature, and also relieves the patient of headache and muscle pain. At the same time, paracetamol rarely causes complications from the digestive, nervous and hematopoietic systems. It should be taken no more than 4 times a day: adults and children over 12 years old - 500 mg or 1 g each, babies from 3 months to 12 years old - at the age dosage indicated in the instructions for the drug.

It is important! To reduce the temperature in children under 12 years of age, only antipyretic drugs based on paracetamol or ibuprofen are used and only in age-appropriate dosage forms.

Ibuprofen begins to act quite quickly and provides a long-lasting antipyretic effect. In addition, it also has an anti-inflammatory effect, and recently there has been evidence that taking ibuprofen has a positive effect on the immune system. Take it no more than 3-4 times a day: for adults - 200-400 mg, for children - at the age dosage.

It is important! Acetylsalicylic acid is used only in patients older than 15 years, not more than 3 times a day, 250-300 mg.

Acetylsalicylic acid, like ibuprofen, has antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, but it causes side effects much more often: blood clotting disorders, respiratory spasm, irritation of the gastric mucosa, etc.

Metamizole sodium has a more pronounced analgesic effect and somewhat less antipyretic and anti-inflammatory. To reduce the temperature, this substance is most often used in the form of intramuscular injections - when there is an urgent need to "bring down" the temperature. Without medical prescription, taking metamizole sodium is not recommended, because. the risk of severe allergic reactions and hematopoietic disorders is very high.

Discussion

The doctor should prescribe an antipyretic, as far as I know, based on what they are sick with, but usually it is not needed, as already noted - otherwise how will immunity appear against the virus?

I take antipyretics only when the temperature is above 39, otherwise I don’t bring it down, but if the temperature is due to a cold, then antiviral drugs help to transfer it normally, I take ingavirin at the first sensations of the disease, and then we can say that the temperature is like there is none for more than two days, she is gone, and does not go off scale

Briefly
1. Keep cool.
2. Drink more water.
3. Cool bath.
4. Vinegar rubdowns.
5. Wrap.
6. Enema.
7. Compress.
8. Hypertonic solution.
9. Enema with a decoction of chamomile.
10. Antipyretic drugs.

And I also want to note that the temperature values ​​\u200b\u200bat which it is necessary to take antipyretics:
For adults - 38.5 and above.
For children, pregnant women, people with chronic diseases - 38 [link-1]

03/22/2017 19:06:04, KitTen_N

01.10.2016 23:23:23, Gagrinn

Somewhere there was information about the side effects of paracetamol on the liver of children. And in Europe, aspirin is generally banned as an antipyretic. It is used only in small doses for patients with coronary heart disease.

I will say as a doctor that paracetamol and ibuprofen should be given not only in the age dosage, as written in the instructions, but also to look at the weight of the child. Paracetamol is considered to be the drug of choice

Comment on the article "Antipyretics: rules for safe use"

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Antipyretics: rules for safe use. even a not too high temperature is reduced if the patient has a hard time with fever; in children who tend to respond to temperature with convulsions, the temperature is also reduced before it reaches serious numbers.

Nise has an analgesic effect - super! The drug really gives strength not to fall off your feet from the temperature. I even have less sore throat Nimesulide today - one of the most effective drugs in the group of so-called. "non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs".

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Updated: 06/26/2018 11:41:54

The state of elevated temperature, which is more than 37 degrees Celsius, is most often found in various infectious viral and bacterial diseases, as well as in diseases of the internal organs, which are accompanied by inflammation. These are pyelonephritis, inflammatory diseases in gynecology, bronchitis and pneumonia, and many other pathological conditions. It should be remembered that fever syndrome (as fever is called in therapy), which occurs when exposed to bacterial toxins and antigens, should be distinguished from hyperthermia.

Hyperthermia is also manifested by a sharp and constant increase in temperature, and up to very high numbers, but it occurs in connection with the transfer of the thermoregulation set point in the human brain to a qualitatively new, pathological level. This happens with severe neurological diseases, hemorrhagic strokes, with a breakthrough of blood into the cerebral ventricles. Hyperthermia, unlike fever, is almost impossible to bring back to normal with the help of drugs, it requires physical cooling of the body.

Ordinary fever, with which we are all familiar from early childhood, responds well to the use of antipyretic drugs. Consider the most popular of them for the treatment of fever in adults and children. Since there are many analogues on sale that have the same active ingredient in the composition of the drug, but have different commercial names, we will list all of them immediately, in the heading of the substance included in the rating.

Rating of the best antipyretics

The best antipyretics for adults

Almost all antipyretics, and a variety of drugs that lower body temperature, belong to a large group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs. The founder and ancestor of this group of drugs is the well-known acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin. All these drugs have anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic effects. That is why they are used in a wide variety of areas of medical practice for the treatment of various diseases and conditions. But it happens that the most powerful painkillers (ketorolac, ketoprofen) have practically no effect on changes in body temperature, and drugs that remove swelling and pain (meloxicam) are also not able to cope with the general feeling of heat. Consider those representatives of NSAIDs, which are primarily intended to reduce fever.

Speaking about the ancestor of the group of antipyretic drugs, or acetylsalicylic acid, which leads the rating, it must be borne in mind that in order to relieve fever, enteric forms of the so-called "heart aspirin" are not used to thin the blood, which are taken by older people on a daily basis in a planned manner to prevent heart attacks and stroke. These are aspirin preparations such as Thrombo-Ass, Cardiomagnyl, Cardiask and others, which are used in an average dosage of 75-100 mg. In order to cope with the temperature, aspirin tablets of at least 500 mg are needed, such as Upsarin UPSA, just acetylsalicylic acid, Aspro C with ascorbic acid, aspirin Express effervescent tablets and other options found in pharmacies.

Consider acetylsalicylic acid, using the example of Upsarin UPSA, which leads the rating. Aspirin, in addition to the antipyretic effect, is able to cope with headache and muscle pain, with pain in the joints, with minor toothache and is indicated for acute respiratory viral infections. One effervescent tablet contains 500 mg of acetylsalicylic acid, which has antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, the latter two effects being less pronounced than the antipyretic effect.

Upsarin is used orally, having previously dissolved an effervescent tablet in one glass of warm water. It is advisable to take the medicine after meals, and not more than one tablet within 4 hours. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 6 tablets, and in the elderly - no more than 4 tablets. In any case, self-treatment of high fever without consulting a doctor should not last more than 3 days. You can buy Upsarin UPSA starting at a price of 150 rubles. for 16 effervescent tablets. This drug is produced by the French company Bristol-Myers Squibb.

Advantages and disadvantages

The mechanism of action of aspirin is associated with the suppression of the enzyme cyclooxygenase of both types. And this means that this medicine, like all other forms of aspirin, should not be taken for too long - 2-3 days is enough, and you should especially be careful in patients with erosive lesions of the stomach and duodenum, with exacerbation of peptic ulcer. In this case, it is necessary for prophylaxis to combine taking aspirin with taking proton pump blockers, such as omeprazole.

Any aspirin preparations in a variety of forms can only be prescribed to patients older than 15 years of age. The reasons for this will be discussed below. Hypersensitivity to the drug may also occur: there is such a thing as aspirin bronchial asthma, when asthma attacks occur when taking aspirin. Also, this remedy should be prescribed only after consulting a doctor for those people who have increased bleeding, bruising, or various forms of hemorrhagic diathesis.

The positive aspects include an affordable price, a rapid decrease in temperature in typical cases, and a rather rare development of side effects - no more than one case per 10,000 doses.

This drug was included in our rating as a combined remedy that helps not only with high temperatures, but also fights nasal congestion, and has an antihistamine or anti-allergic effect. It helps to remove tearing and itching in the nose, which often occur with viral and cold infections. This remedy contains Paracetamol as the main antipyretic component, phenylephrine in the form of hydrochloride, which is an anticongestant, fights nasal congestion, and chlorphenamine. Since Coldact Flu Plus reduces swelling and hyperemia of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and nasal cavity, it is practically indispensable in the symptomatic treatment of colds, flu, conditions associated with general inflammatory and febrile symptoms, such as joint pain, general weakness and weakness. Coldact Flu Plus is available as an orange capsule and oral suspension.

Capsules have a prolonged (long) action, so they can be prescribed to adults and children over 12 years old, one capsule every 12 hours, that is, in the morning and evening. Duration of admission should not exceed 5 days. Suspension should be taken 2 teaspoons 3 times a day, and for children from 6 years in one teaspoon three times a day. We remind you that without a doctor's prescription, you can use this remedy as an antipyretic for no longer than 3 days, and as an anesthetic - no more than 5. Coldact Flu plus is produced by the Indian company Natco Pharma LTD. You can buy a package of 10 capsules at a price of 162 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of Coldact Flu Plus include ease of use (only twice a day), a complex effect on pain, fever and symptoms of SARS and influenza. But overdose symptoms are also possible if too many capsules are taken. Also, this remedy is not indicated for children under 12 years of age in capsules and up to 6 years of age for suspension. Also, the drug should be taken very carefully by people with congenital disorders of bilirubin metabolism, for example, with Gilbert's syndrome, with bronchial asthma. The drug is not indicated for pregnant and lactating women, with various diseases: diabetes, glaucoma, stomach ulcers, and severe diseases of the blood, liver and bladder. Therefore, it is best to consult a doctor when taking this medication for the first time.

Coldrex is another popular antipyretic complex for adults, and contains as many as five components: paracetamol, caffeine, phenylephrine, ascorbic acid and terpinhydrate. At the same time, paracetamol reduces the manifestations of fever and reduces the feeling of heat, anesthetizes, phenylephrine reduces rhinorrhea, improves breathing, caffeine generally tones the body, and ascorbic acid replenishes the needs of endogenous vitamin C, which is quickly consumed in colds. Coldrex tablets are also indicated in the early days, and even hours to relieve symptoms of colds and acute respiratory diseases. It helps with chills, muscle and joint pain, nasal congestion and other known symptoms.

This drug is prescribed, no more than two tablets four times a day, and for children from 6 to 12 years old, no more than one tablet up to 4 times a day. It is not recommended to take the medicine for longer than 5 days in the form of self-medication. This drug is produced by the well-known pharmaceutical company Glaxosmithkline, and you can purchase a package of 12 tablets starting from 160 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantage of the drug can be considered good tolerance, if you follow the dosage regimen. This tool can be used even during pregnancy and lactation, but only after prior consultation with a doctor. It is advisable not to use this medicine in severe hepatic and renal insufficiency and should not be used in children under 6 years of age. Since the drug contains caffeine, it is advisable to refrain from drinking excess tea and coffee, as well as from taking alcoholic beverages during the course of treatment.

Perhaps it is Ibuklin that has the widest spectrum of action regarding various pains that can accompany a high temperature, and if a feverish condition develops against the background of a pain syndrome. The fact is that this is a rather strong combination of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - ibuprofen and paracetamol. In addition to fever in colds, it is indicated at elevated temperatures, with systemic joint damage, with neuralgia, with chills, with fractures and injuries, which can also be complicated by a febrile reaction. This is a sore throat, back, and even toothache, in which there may also be a temperature. Ibuklin is available in coated tablets, each containing an approximately equal amount of active ingredients. It is necessary to take Ibuklin orally, and always before or after meals, but not more than 3 tablets per day. As usual, the course of treatment should not exceed 3 days for high fever and 5 days for pain. Only after consulting a doctor can you continue taking it. The drug Ibuklin in a package of 10 tablets can be purchased for 100 rubles, it is produced by an Indian company - Dr. Reddis Laboratory.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of Ibuklin include its strong analgesic component of action, and the disadvantages are the ability to cause an exacerbation of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. Also, this drug can have many side effects, including anemia with long-term use, shortness of breath, allergic kidney damage, skin rash. Ibuklin can interact with many drugs, and before use, you must carefully read the entire package leaflet. Nevertheless, the drug got into the rating as a fairly effective remedy for a short period of use.

The best antipyretics for children

There are special requirements for antipyretics for children. Firstly, this is their dosage form - it should be convenient. Most often it is a syrup, for older children - chewable tablets. The drugs should have a quick effect, on average - after half an hour. Children are often prescribed antipyretic suppositories, and they are very good if the child refuses to take a liquid mixture, is naughty, or has nausea. But chewable tablets and various syrups should be chosen by parents, taking into account the individual reaction of the child, since dyes and flavors can cause various side effects. It should be remembered that the child's body is still immature, and even a slight deviation from the existing standards for the use of funds can cause an allergic reaction. It is extremely important to remember that without exception, children under 12 years of age are strictly prohibited from taking aspirin in any form or variety.

Paracetamol and Panadol, Cefekon, Efferalgan, Kalpol

A fairly large group of drugs is represented by paracetamol. Here and tablets, and suspensions, and suppositories. Consider a typical representative of a drug containing pure paracetamol without any additional additives. It will be children's Panadol - a suspension for oral administration. 5 ml of suspension contains 120 mg of active ingredient. It is a viscous pink liquid, with a strawberry smell, which is readily accepted by children. This drug has a mild analgesic and antipyretic effect, but practically does not fight inflammation, that is, it does not relieve local redness and swelling. But as an antipyretic, it is practically indispensable in children, especially younger ones.

Panadol is indicated from the age of 3 months to the age of 12, after which stronger drugs can be used. Panadol is used for various childhood infections, for measles, scarlet fever and rubella, for influenza and chickenpox, for common colds. In babies, when teeth are cut, Panadol helps relieve pain. Sometimes babies have a fever in the evening after vaccination, and Panadol can successfully cope with this reaction. The drug is prescribed according to the body weight of the baby, according to the table. So, at the age of 1 year, with a baby weighing 11-12 kg, a single dose should be no more than 7 ml, and a daily dose should not exceed 28 ml of suspension. The instructions detail the dosage for each age. It is imperative that if the temperature in the baby lasts more than 3 days, you need to call a doctor, and do not continue self-treatment. Panadol is produced by the well-known pharmaceutical concern Glaxosmithkline, as well as the French company Pharmacler. You can buy 100 ml of suspension at a price of 80 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

The most serious positive effect from the use of paracetamol is the ability to use it in babies at an early age, and the absence of such formidable complications as aspirin has, namely Reye's syndrome. It is also important that medicines can be used by children from the age of two months, but only as directed by a doctor, and from the age of three months - by their own parents. The negative sides include rare nausea and skin rashes, as a reaction of individual intolerance, but if you follow the recommended dosages, then paracetamol is usually well tolerated even in babies. The main thing is to carefully read the instructions to the parents, and not to prescribe the drug along with certain medications, such as chloramphenicol or barbiturates. Therefore, it is very important that the pediatrician give his consent at the first appointment of the drug.

Ibuprofen (Nurofen)

Ibuprofen in its pure form, as a well-tolerated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is often used in children. A characteristic representative is an orange or strawberry suspension for oral administration, 5 ml of which contains 100 mg of the active substance. This drug is indicated for babies, starting from the age of three months, to reduce fever and relieve heat of a wide variety of etiologies. It is indicated for influenza, viral infections, including rotavirus, chickenpox, rubella, whooping cough, measles and other conditions. Also, the remedy is shown as a prevention of a temperature reaction after vaccinations, during teething, as an adjuvant in diseases of the ENT organs, such as otitis media, and tonsillitis.

Nurofen is used preferably during meals, measuring out how much suspension is needed with a measuring syringe. The amount of suspension depends on the body weight of the baby. So, a five-year-old child who weighs no more than 20 kg should not increase the dosage by more than 7.5 ml three times a day. More details about the dosage are written in the instructions. It is important that this means of short-term use - no more than 3 days without consulting a pediatrician. You can buy 200 ml of suspension at a price of 210 rubles, the drug is produced by the English company Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare International Ltd.

Advantages and disadvantages

Despite all the obvious advantages, good tolerability and rapid antipyretic effect, it should be remembered that this medicine does not affect the progression of the change in the course of the disease and the mechanism of the development of the disease. Nurofen only reduces symptoms such as inflammation and pain. That is why the remedy should be used for a short time, and if other symptoms appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. Nurofen should never be combined with other drugs of similar action, such as Panadol, as this will not enhance the desired effect, but may provoke a sharp increase in the likelihood of side effects. But children's Nurofen is still a reliable and well-tested drug that should be in every family where a baby was born, which is why it is in our rating.

Nimesulide for the older group (Nimesil, Nemulex)

For children of the older age group, the active drug that has antipyretic and analgesic effects is Nimesulide (Nimesil). It can only be used in children over 12 years old - these are adolescents who are prescribed one sachet 2 times a day, and adults. For some children, one sachet per day is enough, especially with mild fever. Any febrile and inflammatory reaction, toothache, sprain, viral infections and similar conditions are also indications for taking nimesulide. Nimesil is produced by the German company Berlin-chemi Menarini, and you can buy a package of 9 bags for 240 rubles. The sachet should be dissolved in a glass of warm water and drunk, preferably after a meal.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of nimesulide include a mild effect and a rare development of side effects, but sometimes there is still a loosening of the stool. This tool is good because sometimes one sachet can last for a whole day, and Nimesil acts quickly enough. An hour after taking the drug, there is an improvement in the condition and the temperature drops, especially if it does not exceed 37.5 - 38 degrees. That is why Nimesil got into the rating of antipyretic drugs.

Non-drug ways to lower the temperature in children

Finally, we should not forget about the traditional folk ways to reduce the temperature. These are all kinds of rubbing, as well as plentiful and hot vitamin drink. These methods are now undeservedly forgotten, but they can be successfully applied on the first day of the appearance of temperature.

Rubbing with vinegar and alcohol solutions (vodka)

Various types of rubbing can be used at a sufficiently high temperature when it exceeds 38.5 degrees. For grinding, diluted vodka is used in half with water so that the strength of the solution does not exceed 20%.

When rubbing with vinegar, add one tablespoon of vinegar, preferably natural, such as apple cider vinegar, with a strength of 6%, to a glass of warm water. Rubbing should be carried out with a soft cloth, and it is imperative to carry out a light movement starting from the hands, with the obligatory capture of the armpits, avoiding the heart area, and groin. If you turn the patient on his stomach, then you can completely process the buttock, back and legs. After rubbing the patient must be left naked, for intense evaporation, which will immediately lower the body temperature. After the body has dried, it is necessary to cover the patient again with a blanket, and a cold compress can be placed on the forehead. This event allows you to quickly improve your well-being up to a few hours.

Advantages and disadvantages

For these methods, there is a common undeniable advantage - the absence of the introduction of a medicinal substance into the body. This guarantees the absence of an overdose, various side effects, compatibility issues, prescribing according to the instructions, and finally, it is simply cheaper.

The disadvantage is the need to prepare solutions, physically work with the patient, as well as the need to repeat this event again and again and control the temperature for this. But, nevertheless, on the first day the temperature rises to high values, rubbing can be the most correct thing to do, since at high temperatures it helps to reduce it with a guarantee. And then a doctor is immediately called, either an adult or a child. And all other appointments will be controlled by him.

It is known that drinking hot tea causes profuse sweating, and sweating is a way to significantly increase heat transfer and reduce body temperature. The use of raspberry jam, tea with dry raspberries, lime blossom, lemon and honey saturates the body with vitamin C, and in the case of raspberries it gives natural salicylates, which are chemically and concentrated in aspirin, or in acetylsalicylic acid. It is important that drinking plenty of vitamins not only lowers body temperature through the work of the sweat glands, but also removes all kinds of toxins from the body, activates the kidneys, and, creating a load on them, increases urination. You can apply this method of lowering the temperature by drinking 200 ml of hot vitamin drink three to four times a day, that is, one glass of a tasty and healthy drink for adults with an average body weight of 60-70 kg.

Advantages and disadvantages

The disadvantage of this method of lowering the temperature can be considered limited use for the elderly, in conditions of congestive heart failure, various edema, as well as disorders of the digestive organs. In addition, it will not work to bring down a very high temperature only by drinking, but if you combine this method with rubbing, then it is quite possible to cope, even if it is under 40 degrees, and on the second day you should call a doctor at home.

The rating lists the most diverse and popular drugs that are used for antipyretic purposes. But be sure to remember that the temperature reaction is not always safe, and can only be associated with a common cold. In some cases, this may be a manifestation of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, a symptom of acute inflammation of the abdominal organs and acute appendicitis, pancreatitis. Therefore, in no case should the patient be left unattended by a doctor for longer than three days when the temperature rises, and in the event that symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain appear, it is not necessary to call an ambulance and not engage in dangerous self-medication.

Candles are considered the most popular fever remedy for young children. But, like any medicine, they have a number of adverse reactions and contraindications, including in the case of a significant overdose. In other words, there are pros and cons. It is also worth remembering the measures of safe use. This will be discussed in the article. Also here is a detailed review of the TOP-5 antipyretic candles for children.

When a baby has a fever, this is a sure signal that the body has begun to fight the infection and produces interferon, a protein that destroys the virus. And if you start to shoot down too early, then you can prevent the immune system from fighting the pathogen on its own. In the future, you will have to resort to antipyretics all the time, since the immune system will “forget how” to do it on its own.

Only a very high temperature, 39-39.5 ° C and above, has a detrimental effect on the body; accordingly, it should be lowered, starting from this mark. At the same time, each small person reacts to heat in a peculiar way. Some look quite active, continue to play even at 39.5°C, others feel extremely weak, lose consciousness already at 38°C.

Therefore, you should not focus only on the thermometer mark, you need to pay attention to the general condition of the baby:

• tearfulness;
• weakness;
• headache;
• difficult nasal breathing;
• chills.

Pros and cons of using suppositories

If the crumbs have a high temperature, pediatricians recommend giving a syrup based on paracetamol or ibuprofen, since in this form the medicine acts as quickly as possible, after a quarter of an hour.

Rectal suppositories show their effectiveness after 35-40 minutes. But there are times when their use for children is considered optimal, for example, if the baby fell asleep, or the gag reflex prevents the medicine from entering the body.

List of effective antipyretic suppositories

It must be understood that adverse reactions occur in very rare cases. Before taking a medication, you should consult a pediatrician who will select the optimal dose and duration of treatment.

Do not give EFFERALGAN along with other products containing paracetamol.. The maximum allowable daily dose for different weight categories in children is as follows:

• less than 37 kg - 80 mg / kg;
• from 38 kg to 50 kg - 3 g / kg;
• more than 50 kg - 4 g / kg.

It is important to remember that if hyperthermia lasts 3 days of treatment or more, or the state of health worsens, you should consult a doctor.

The maximum duration of treatment with PANADOL is 3 days. The drug can affect the results of tests for the content of uric acid and glucose in the blood. It is not advisable to give premature babies under 3 months, full-term babies up to 3 months - do not use more than 2 doses.

Multiplicity of application - 4 times a day with an interval of at least 4 hours. Single oral dose for children:

• up to 3 months - 10 mg / kg;
• from 3 months to 1 year - 60-120 mg / kg;
• 1-5 years - 120-250 mg / kg;
• 6-12 years - 250-500 mg / kg.

CEFEKON D is often prescribed to children aged 1-3 months to lower high body temperature after vaccination once. Candles are not subject to distribution to obtain the required dosage. If, when calculating the daily dose in accordance with body weight, a single dosage of less than the contents of one suppository is necessary, then after consulting a doctor, it is recommended to use other dosage forms of paracetamol.

In order to avoid overdose, it is necessary to take into account the norms of admission:

• 3-12 months (7-10 kg) - 1 suppository of 100 mg;
• 1-3 years (11-16 kg) - 1-2 suppositories of 100 mg;
• 3-10 years (17-30 kg) - 1 suppository of 250 mg;
• 10-12 years (31-35 kg) - 2 suppositories of 250 mg.

VIBURCOL - a popular remedy for fever for children under one year old, is a complex homeopathic preparation that has a pronounced sedative, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic and anticonvulsant effect. The recommended dose for adults and children from 6 months in acute conditions - 1 suppository 3-5 times a day, if the condition has improved - 3 times a day.

The priority of VIBURCOL is that it can be used from birth, but it is better to get approval from a pediatrician before use. The duration of treatment and the frequency of use is determined by the specialist, depending on the nature and course of the disease. Usually the course of treatment is 3-14 days.

• It should not be used in combination with aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), as this increases the risk of adverse reactions;
• If the baby has a fever, it is recommended to use it in combination with a paracetamol-containing drug (for example, NUROFEN - rectally, EFFERALGAN or PANADOL - orally). Thus, the antipyretic effect is achieved faster.

You can often hear from mothers that the best candles for children from temperature are VIFERON. This opinion is considered erroneous, since the active substance of the drug is interferon.

Accordingly, the drug is intended to destroy infections, but not with fever, and it also exhibits an immunomodulatory effect.

The TOP 10 antiviral drugs for children from 3 years old can be found at.

Precautionary measures

Precautions when using antipyretic suppositories are quite simple, but you should not neglect them.

1. Read the instructions for the medicine before using it.
2. Store suppositories in the refrigerator, so the shape and consistency will not be disturbed.
3. Strictly observe the dosage prescribed by the doctor.
4. Do not take more than 3-5 days (depending on the advice of a specialist).
5. Paracetamol-based products should not be combined with drugs with the same active ingredient.
6. It is better to replace antipyretic suppositories for children from 3 years old with syrup or tablets.
7. Introduce temperature candles for children according to the rules to prevent injury.

Terms of Use

1. It is better to put a candle after the defecation process has been completed, otherwise it may provoke the urge to defecate.
2. Before starting the procedure, it is necessary to wash the baby.
3. If the baby says that he immediately wanted to go to the toilet, you should ask him to be patient, as there was a false urge.
4. In the presence of an inflammatory process in the rectum, use is prohibited.
5. The drug is recommended to be stored in the refrigerator, and inserted chilled. If you hold the suppository in your hand for a long time, it will deform from heat.
6. If the baby resists, firmly squeezed the muscles of the anus - do not rush, as this can cause injury to the delicate mucosa.

If the baby still went to the toilet after using the candle, do not rush to put a new one. Part of the medicine could have time to be absorbed into the blood. Put the thermometer in half an hour. If you see that the dynamics is declining, a new dose is not required.

How to persuade a child if he resists

This question does not arise if the baby is less than 1 year old. But how to put candles against temperature for children from 1 year old, when the baby already understands everything and categorically refuses the indicated method of introducing the medicine into the body?

1. Mom and dad need to show pedagogical skills, sometimes you can persuade, explain the importance of treatment, bribe with gifts, distract with cartoons, and so on. Parents know the nature of their children better and must choose the most effective method.
2. The main thing is to agree with the child in order to avoid muscle tension.
3. It is worth offering the baby to do it on their own, as fear appears before the inability to control the process.
4. If, nevertheless, it is impossible to persuade, and the baby is practically brought to hysterics, in no case should it be forced. It is worth using drugs of a different form of release.

conclusions

Which temperature suppositories are better for children is an individual question, they should be selected based on the recommendations of a pediatrician you trust, as well as on the practice of use. An indisputable plus of treatment with this particular form of the drug is that it is convenient to use for babies, as well as at night at a temperature of about 38 ° C. This is what Dr. Komarovsky emphasizes in his interview. We advise all parents to look at it, it, among other things, tells what conditions should be created in the room of a sick child (temperature, humidity).

Since the pharmacy chain offers a huge selection of antipyretic drugs, it is necessary to navigate it well.

Dosage forms

Antipyretic drugs are presented in several dosage forms:

• pills;
• capsules;
• suspensions;
• rectal suppositories;
• solutions for parenteral administration.

Depending on the age of the patient, his general condition, the presence of concomitant pathology, preference may be given to one or another dosage form. It is more convenient for a newborn child to use the drug in the form of candles.

Children under three years of age are usually prescribed suspensions that have a pleasant taste and smell. (In this case, it must be borne in mind that the intake of such a syrup may be accompanied by allergic reactions due to additional components, dyes and flavors).

Patients prone to allergic reactions are recommended to use drugs in their pure form and the use of combined agents is less preferable.

An older child, as well as adult patients, usually take antipyretics in the form of tablets or capsules.

Injection of the drug can take place when there is a need for emergency measures.

With parenteral administration, the effect develops within a few minutes. Here, the most widespread, thanks to the injectable form, was a 50% solution of analgin, which is an integral part of the lytic mixture used in emergency events.

Rectal suppositories are preferred in the following cases:

• when it is necessary to obtain a sufficiently quick and lasting effect (it is preferable to use such a dosage form at night);
• due to the absence of an irritating effect on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, suppositories can be more widely used compared to tablet forms in cases of pathology in the gastrointestinal tract;
• candles from temperature are actively used in the presence of vomiting, in some cases accompanying hyperthermia.

The most common suppositories used by adults as antipyretics are Nurofen, Paracetamol, Cefecon, Voltaren.

Characteristics of the drug

The combined preparation in suppositories cefecon has a pronounced effect. It is produced in two dosages: cefecon D - for children and cefecon N - for use after 12 years and by adult patients.

The composition of the drug includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs phenacetin and salicylamide, as well as caffeine, which has a psychostimulating effect. Like all drugs of the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cefecon has, in addition to a pronounced antipyretic effect, analgesic and, to a lesser extent, anti-inflammatory.

Indications for the use of the drug in addition to hyperthermia is a moderate pain syndrome of various origins, as well as inflammatory diseases of the large intestine.

In terms of its antipyretic activity, the drug is also active, like Nurofen in suppositories, but compares favorably with it in terms of cost (the price of Cefekon suppositories is about 120 rubles for a pack of 10 suppositories). Contraindications for taking cefecon are due to its constituent components:

• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by erosions and ulcers;
• pathological conditions that occur with increased bleeding;
• insomnia or irritability;
• severe renal or hepatic failure.

In order to comply with the dosage and obtain the maximum effect, it is recommended to use the drug after a stool or an enema.

The presence of diarrhea is also a contraindication for the use of a suppository. In the event that an antipyretic has already been taken before, then this must be taken into account and candles should be used 3-4 hours after the previous use.

Regarding the duration of taking cefecon at a temperature, it cannot be longer than three days. After this time, if the temperature does not return to normal, it is necessary to consult a doctor to clarify the diagnosis and correct treatment.

The presence of temperature suppositories for adults is an important alternative method of treatment for patients who, for health reasons, this form is preferable.

Antipyretics belong to the group of NSAIDs. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are drugs that exhibit anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic effects.

In the inflammatory focus, under the influence of damaging factors, the production of prostaglandins is activated. This process is carried out with the participation of cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2).

It is prostaglandins that are considered modulators and mediators of inflammation, stimulate the formation of histamine, kinins, serotonin, which are involved in the formation of pain and fever.

According to the mechanism of action, all NSAIDs are divided into:

• selectively inhibiting COX-1 (acetylsalicylic acid);
• non-selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors (indomethacin, diclofenac);
• selectively inhibiting COX-2 (nimesulide);
• highly selective COX-2 (celecoxib).

With a decrease in the activity of cyclooxygenase, the production of prostaglandins decreases, due to which the energy supply in the inflammatory focus decreases, the pyrogenic effect on the thermoregulatory center in the brain decreases, and heat transfer increases.

NSAIDs of the 1st generation are characterized by a non-selective effect on COX. This group of drugs includes paracetamol, ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid, phenylbutazone and others.

These substances inhibit the production of both COX-1 and COX-2. As a result, there are many side effects. Among which, oliguria, bronchospasm, exacerbation of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, disorders in the functioning of the digestive tract, kidneys and liver are most often manifested.

Important:

If the high temperature in an adult lasts no more than 2 days, it is most advisable to take Paracetamol (also belongs to the group of antipyretic analgesics). This is the only drug that acts directly on the thermoregulatory center.

• Panadol, tab. 500 mg No. 12 - 55 rubles;
• Panadol, soluble tablets 500 mg No. 12 - 75 rubles;
• Nurofen, tab. 200 mg No. 10 - 100 rubles;
• Mefenamic acid, caps. 250 mg No. 20 - 120 rubles.

Panadol

A drug based on paracetamol and belongs to the group of anilides. It has analgesic, antipyretic, weak anti-inflammatory effect.

As monotherapy, it is acceptable to take it for pain of low intensity (headache, toothache, muscle, menstrual pain), to reduce body temperature above 38.5 against the background of SARS and influenza.

The drug is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to the main active substance, severe impairment of the kidneys, liver, deficiency of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, any blood diseases, children under 9 years old weighing less than 35 kg.

Panadol should be taken with extreme caution in patients with Gilbert's syndrome, pregnant women and during lactation.

As side effects, disorders of the digestive tract, hepatotoxicity, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis, allergic reactions in the form of skin rash, itching, and urticaria are most often manifested.

Adults are advised to take 1-2 tablets. no more than 4 times a day, while the interval between doses should be at least 4 hours. Panadol should not be taken for longer than 5 days as an anesthetic and no more than 3 as an antipyretic.

The soluble form of tablets minimizes the negative impact on the mucous membranes of the digestive tract. In addition, the rate of onset of the antipyretic effect is higher: a decrease in temperature is observed after 20 minutes.

Advantages of paracetamol-containing drugs:

• the safest antipyretic analgesic according to WHO;
• relatively low cost;
• high efficiency in ARVI;
• non-prescription leave.

Flaws:

• a wide range of side effects, among which hepatotoxicity is most often diagnosed;
• a large list of contraindications;
• practically does not show antipyretic action in bacterial infections.

Nurofen

The drug without paracetamol - contains ibuprofen, which is a derivative of phenylpropionic acid. Shows good analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory activity.

The main indications for the use of the drug are headache / toothache, migraine, neuralgia, myalgia, arthralgia, rheumatism, manifestations of influenza and SARS, fever of any origin.

Contraindications to the use of Nurofen are gastric ulcer, pathologies of the cardiovascular system, including heart failure, arterial hypertension, hypersensitivity to other NSAIDs, visual impairment, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, any type of hemophilia, leukopenia, kidney disease, liver.

Side effects include dyspeptic disorders, sensitization reactions, Stevens-Johnson and Lyell syndromes, headache attacks, dizziness, sleep disturbances, tachycardia, and increased blood pressure.

Advantages:

• has not only antipyretic but also analgesic effect;
• effectiveness in reducing temperature in acute respiratory viral infections and bacterial complications;
• relatively low cost.

Disadvantages: a wide range of contraindications and side effects.

Mefenamic acid

It belongs to the group of NSAIDs, however, in addition to the anti-inflammatory, antipyretic effect, it stimulates the production of interferon.

The anti-inflammatory effect is due to the ability to inhibit the production of inflammatory mediators, reduce the activity of lysosomal enzymes.

Mefenamic acid stabilizes the protein structures of cell membranes, reduces their permeability, and increases the resistance of cells to the effects of foreign agents. The antipyretic effect is associated with the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and the effect on the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus.

The drug is recommended in the complex therapy of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, for the relief of pain in muscle, joint, headache, toothache, in diseases of the musculoskeletal system of inflammatory origin.

Contraindications for use are hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, a history of bronchospasm, Quincke's edema, urticaria after the use of other NSAIDs, gastric ulcer and / or duodenal ulcer, diseases of the hematopoietic organs, heart failure.

Take the drug should be 250-500 mg no more than 4 times a day, washed down with milk. If necessary, the daily dose can be increased to 3000 mg, after which it is gradually reduced to 1000 mg.

Advantages:

• additional antiviral action allows you to achieve a speedy recovery;
• low cost of funds;
• predominantly good tolerability of the drug.

Flaws:

• features of the reception (the need to drink milk to increase the bioavailability of the drug);
• contraindications and side effects inherent in other NSAIDs.

In addition, it is possible to receive acetylsalicylic acid(tab. No. 10 - about 9 rubles), analgin (tab. No. 10 - 15 rubles). However, these drugs often provoke the development of serious side effects.

In addition, aspirin should not be taken to reduce the temperature in influenza and SARS, since it can provoke the development of internal bleeding.

To stop side effects, you can drink acetylsalicylic acid tablets with alkaline mineral waters, but this significantly reduces the effectiveness of the drug.

Metamizole sodium, or analgin, is banned in many countries. This is due to the fact that monotherapy with this drug provokes the development of rapid sensitization reactions (allergies).

Also, in the course of clinical trials, it has been proven that metamizole sodium helps to reduce the number of white blood cells, and this leads to a decrease in the body's resistance to the effects of a virus and pathogenic microorganisms.

Second generation drugs

Antipyretic drugs of the 2nd generation have been developed over the past 20 years. They selectively affect COX-1 or COX-2, thanks to which it was possible to reduce the list of contraindications and side effects, but their negative effect on the work of the heart has been proven.

In addition, their intake does not depend on food intake.

Antipyretics at high temperatures from this group are represented by preparations containing nimesulide (Nise, tab. 100 mg No. 20 - 190 rubles, Nimesil, pack. 2 g No. 30 - 680 rubles) and meloxicam (Movalis, tab. 15 mg No. 10 - 675 rubles).

nise

Shows analgesic, antipyretic, pro-inflammatory action. It is used as a strong antipyretic for adults, it is prohibited in pediatric practice.

It is prescribed mainly as an anti-inflammatory drug for rheumatoid arthritis, articular syndrome during an exacerbation of gout, psoriatic arthritis, osteochondrosis, myalgia.

Contraindicated in severe violations of the kidneys, hypersensitivity to nimesulide, gastric ulcer. It is prescribed with caution with increased blood pressure, heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus. The most common side effects are allergic skin reactions.

As an antipyretic, it is recommended to take 50-100 mg up to 2 times a day. The course of admission is not longer than 3 days. The advantage of nise is the release form - sublingual tablets. That is, the drug dissolves in the mouth and has a pleasant sweetish aftertaste.

Nimesil

Allows you to reduce the negative impact on the gastric mucosa, in addition, the antipyretic effect occurs faster. However, it is available in powder form and the need to dissolve the contents of the sachet can provide some inconvenience to the patient.

Movalis and other drugs with meloxicam are rarely used as antipyretics. However, like other NSAIDs, they are quite effective and quickly reduce body temperature.

Movalis is available in the form of tablets and suppositories. Suppositories are more effective, since the rectal route of administration allows you to achieve a therapeutic effect within 15 minutes.

Combined funds

Combined antipyretic drugs have a complex effect, due to which it is possible not only to reduce body temperature, but also to improve the general well-being of the patient.

The list of such drugs is as follows:

• Ibuklin, tab. 400 mg + 325 mg No. 10 - 125 rubles;
• Aspirin-C, tab. effervescent No. 10 - 255 rubles;
• Coldact Flu Plus, caps. No. 10 - 175 rubles;
• Rinza, tab. No. 10 - 155 rubles;
• Coldrex, tab. No. 12 - 160 rubles.

Ibuklin is a strong antipyretic, contains paracetamol and ibuprofen, thanks to which it effectively reduces hyperthermia in influenza and SARS, quickly eliminates headache, toothache, and muscle pain.

You should take 1 tab. no more than 3 times a day. Contraindicated in gastric ulcer, renal and hepatic insufficiency, blood diseases, bronchial asthma, polyposis.

Aspirin-C combines acetylsalicylic and ascorbic acids. It is used for the symptomatic treatment of pain of moderate and moderate intensity, lowering body temperature above 38 degrees.

The drug is contraindicated in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, blood, pathologies of the liver and kidneys, bleeding in history of any etiology, lack of vitamin K.

Take 1-2 tablets, which are dissolved in 100 ml of water. The maximum daily dose is 6 tablets.

Coldact Flu Plus effectively reduces the temperature, eliminates nasal congestion, improves the general well-being of the patient. Contains paracetamol, phenylephrine, chlorpheniamin. Take the drug should be a capsule every 12 hours.

They also have a similar composition Rinza and Coldrex. Rinza tablets should be taken up to 4 times a day. Coldrex, in addition to these components, contains caffeine, terpinhydrate, ascorbic acid. Such a complex composition helps to effectively bring down the temperature against the background of influenza and SARS.

Important:

It should be borne in mind that all combined antipyretic drugs have a wider list of contraindications and possible side effects, unlike monocomponent ones.

Preparations for pregnant women

Among the many antipyretic drugs for pregnant women paracetamol or its analogues are allowed only on prescription of a doctor. It belongs to the group of antipyretic analgesics that act on the thermoregulatory center. Paracetamol also effectively fights headaches and toothaches.

The permissible dose for pregnant women is one tablet no more than 3 times a day. However, it should be borne in mind that an overdose and prolonged use of the drug can provoke the development of attention deficit disorder and neurological disorders in an unborn child.

As an antipyretic, pregnant women may be recommended candles "Viburkol". This is a complex homeopathic remedy that exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, sedative, antispasmodic, antipyretic effects.

The drug is used in the complex therapy of acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, convulsive syndrome, nervous overexcitation, inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, pathologies of the urogenital organs of inflammatory origin.

In the acute course of the disease, it is allowed to use suppositories every 20 minutes for 2 hours. After that, put 1 supp. no more than 3 times a day. The duration of therapy is not more than 2 weeks.

Of the side effects, hypersensitivity to the components of the drug most often develops.

Important:

Any medications during pregnancy should be taken only as directed by a doctor. Only a specialist will be able to correlate the potential risk for the developing fetus and the benefit for the expectant mother.

Alternative ways to reduce temperature

The main alternative method of lowering the temperature is to drink plenty of warm water. An adult should drink at least 2 liters of water per day. Due to this, metabolic processes in the body are accelerated and pathogenic microorganisms, viruses and their metabolic products are eliminated faster.

Cold compresses, such as a wet towel or ice packs, are applied to the forehead, groin area, the inside of the elbows (places where large veins exit), which should be removed every 10 minutes to prevent hypothermia.

These methods can be used only if the body temperature rises no more than 39 degrees. Otherwise, you should immediately call a doctor.