What are the symptoms of diseases of the stomach and intestines. Gastrointestinal disorder, symptoms, treatment, causes What is gastrointestinal pathology

Gastrointestinal diseases are one of the most common pathologies of internal organs. Almost every third inhabitant of our planet suffers from one or another disease of the gastrointestinal tract.

Many people are interested in what diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are most common? According to statistics, gastritis, ulcers, hepatitis, pancreatitis, hemorrhoids are most often diagnosed.

Causes of gastrointestinal diseases

The gastrointestinal tract is part of the digestive system. With its help, the body processes incoming food, receiving useful components for itself and removing undigested food residues to the outside.

Under the influence of a number of factors in the work of the gastrointestinal tract, a failure occurs, as a result of which diseases of the gastrointestinal tract may develop in the future.

The main causes of these diseases are:

There are several classifications of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

For reasons of occurrence, they are:

non-infectious;
infectious.

By localization, diseases are distinguished:

esophagus
stomach;
small intestine;
large intestine;
liver;
bile ducts;
gallbladder.

According to the severity of the pathological process of diseases of the digestive tract, there are:

sharp;
chronic.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: symptoms

The main clinical signs of gastrointestinal diseases are:

1. Heartburn. It is manifested by a burning sensation in the region of the sternum, which spreads upward to the oral cavity.

2. Pain in the abdomen.

3. Dysphagia (violation of the act of swallowing). It can occur in the presence of inflammation, tumors, foreign bodies in the esophagus, oral cavity, larynx, as well as in a number of diseases of the central nervous system.

4. Belching. What diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are accompanied by this symptom? First of all, these are pathologies of the stomach and duodenum, sometimes diseases of the gallbladder or liver.

5. Nausea. A fairly common symptom that can be observed in almost all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In some pathologies, vomiting may begin after nausea.

6. Constipation. The absence of stool for two or more days may be a symptom of dysbacteriosis, pancreatitis, ulcers, tumors, or irritation of the colon.

7. Flatulence. It is observed in dysbacteriosis, cirrhosis of the liver, intestinal infections, pancreatitis, colitis. It is manifested by bursting and a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, followed by the passage of gases.

8. Diarrhea. This is loose stools, which can be one-time or frequent. It is one of the symptoms of poisoning, infections, disorders of the nervous system. In addition, diarrhea can occur due to a sharp change in climate, unusual food, strong physical exertion.

9. Cough. With pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, coughing can be one of the symptoms of dysbacteriosis, infectious diseases, and helminthic invasions. In addition, cough often occurs when there is a foreign body in the esophagus.

Diagnosis of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Diagnosis of diseases of the digestive tract includes the following steps:

collection of anamnesis;
examination of the patient;
making a final diagnosis using laboratory, radiological and instrumental diagnostic methods.

Each of the above stages includes a number of procedures by which the state of various organs of the gastrointestinal tract is determined, their functioning is studied and possible violations are identified.

Treatment of gastrointestinal diseases

Therapy of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract may include the following steps:

diet therapy;
drug treatment;
physiotherapy;
surgical intervention.

One of the most effective methods of treating gastrointestinal diseases is complex therapy using prebiotics, probiotics and the immunomodulator Transfer factor.

Acting in conjunction with each other, these drugs restore the normal flora in the gastrointestinal tract and significantly increase the body's immune defenses.

The most effective of them are:

acidophilus;
Unibacter;
Daigo;
Santa Rus-B;
Vetom (his entire line);
Inulin (it's a prebiotic).

The most important link in the scheme of complex treatment of gastrointestinal diseases is the immunomodulator Transfer factor, which is based on molecules that are a natural component of the human immune system. Once in the patient's body, Transfer Factor helps to solve several important tasks at once:

it normalizes metabolic processes and restores immunity;
neutralizes side effects from the use of other drugs;
normalizes the microflora in the digestive tract;
enhances the effectiveness of other drugs, providing a potentiating effect.

It is also important that the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases with the help of the above drugs does not harm the patient's body. These drugs do not cause side effects and addiction, they have practically no contraindications. An overdose of them is also impossible due to the fact that all of the above products have a 100% natural composition.

Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

All diseases of the gastrointestinal tract proceed in different ways, so diet recommendations can only be given when a specific diagnosis is made. The following are general recommendations for patients with gastrointestinal disease:

food needs to be baked or steamed, fried foods are prohibited;
you can not eat fatty, salty, smoked and pickled foods;
hard meat, cartilage, fruits with peel, cabbage, large pieces of solid food can have a negative mechanical effect on the mucous membranes of the digestive tract;
fats in the form of oil can be added in small quantities to already prepared food;
drinks and food should not be too cold or warm;
alcohol, soda, strong coffee, tea, cocoa are prohibited;
under the ban are products made from rich and puff pastry, fresh pastries, fresh bread;
of the spices, only those are allowed that, when used, do not irritate the mucous membranes (cumin, parsley, bay leaf, dill).

Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract should be especially strictly observed during periods of exacerbation. During remission, you can afford small indulgences.

Prevention of gastrointestinal diseases

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the symptoms and methods of treatment of which are described above, can be prevented. In order to reduce the likelihood of developing gastrointestinal diseases to a minimum, the following recommendations should be observed:

1. Eat right and balanced.

2. Go in for sports. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract "love" sedentary people who spend all their time indoors. Therefore, you need to lead an active lifestyle, walk more often, go swimming, do exercises in the morning.

3. Give up bad habits.

4. Avoid stressful situations, observe the regime of work and rest.

Prevention of gastrointestinal diseases includes compliance with the cooking regimen and personal hygiene rules. This will help avoid intestinal infections.

If you experience any suspicious symptoms, you should seek medical attention. This will help diagnose the disease in the early stages and avoid its transition to a chronic form, which will greatly facilitate treatment and improve the prognosis.

Obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract - what is it? Obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a syndrome characterized by a violation of the movement of intestinal contents due to a mechanical obstruction or functional dysmotility.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract)

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are becoming more and more common. The active way of life of a modern person often does not leave time for the calm consumption of wholesome food. Fast food snacking has reached the level of a significant problem.

Stress and ecology, regular use of antibiotics with subsequent dysbacteriosis complete what was started by malnutrition, and as a result, a person begins to get sick: the organs cannot withstand the harsh attack of adverse factors.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract significantly rejuvenated. Gastritis has become a mass phenomenon even in primary and secondary school, a significant part of children of different ages suffer from dysbacteriosis. As a result, such serious diseases of the digestive tract as colitis of various origins develop, problems with the pancreas begin, which leads to a predisposition to diabetes mellitus.

That is why diseases of the gastrointestinal tract should be detected and treated in time before they begin to take a chronic form.

Symptoms and treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Knowing the symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases, and you can think about treatment. The symptomatology is quite rich, paying attention to its features, you can not only confidently contact the doctors, but also take care of more proper nutrition, regimen and other therapeutic and preventive measures.

Symptoms of housing diseases include:

The “top” of the abdomen is occupied by the epigastric region and hypochondria (right and left, respectively). This is a kind of arc, the pain on which is characteristic of colitis, an inflammatory process in the lower esophagus, fundic gastritis, stomach expansion and the initial stage of food poisoning.

If vomiting also joins this symptom, then it is appropriate to assume that this is an ulcer, but it is difficult to determine in the stomach or in the duodenum. In addition, it is also characteristic of intestinal obstruction.

In the right hypochondrium is the liver and, located under it, the gallbladder. Severe pain and colic usually come from them. A similar feeling on the left is inherent in gastritis (especially in tandem with nausea and its consequences), acute pancreatitis and other digestive diseases.

The middle of the abdomen is reserved for mesogastrium. In the navel area, the concentration of pain is associated with impaired intestinal functions. This may be inflammation of the small intestine, enteritis, Crohn's disease, etc.

At the same level, only on the right, pain is assigned to hepatitis, and on the left - to ulcerative colitis, inflammation of polyps and problems with the colon.

Hypogastrium, he is the lowest "level" of the abdomen. Pain in his area rarely indicates diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. More often it comes from the bladder or genitals. But on the right is appendicitis, it can make itself felt in this place, as well as intestinal infections with diseases of the caecum. The left iliac space contains the sigmoid colon, which can become inflamed and painful. It is also appropriate to assume dysentery.

Symptoms of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract help to make the correct diagnosis.
During the initial examination, palpation and listening to the patient, percussion (tapping) are performed.
The history of the disease itself is not enough. Having established, according to the patient, the symptoms of housing and communal services, treatment does not begin without various types of laboratory and instrumental studies (probing, pH-metry, gastrography and manometry). At the same time, it is important not only to determine the disease, but also its root cause, since only its elimination can completely restore the health of the patient.
Radiation diagnostics - ultrasound, X-ray, scintigraphy, is used by a doctor to clarify the diagnosis.

The treatment itself, depending on the result, can be conservative or surgical. With the conservative treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, drug treatment is provided, the appointment of various diets, physiotherapy exercises, homeopathic methods can be used.

Sometimes the disease requires surgery. In such cases, the patient is prepared for surgery by restricting food and drink, and if necessary, enemas are given. After an operable intervention, a recovery course is carried out, the main methods of which are the use of antiseptics and antibiotics and strict adherence to prescribed diets.

Features of the treatment of certain diseases of the housing and communal services

Separately, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, their symptoms and treatment are singled out, since such diseases are neglected and require a long-term serious approach from the doctor and the patient himself.

Common among patients are:

Chronic colitis and enterocolitis.
Chronic cholecystitis.
Chronic pancreatitis.
Chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer.

Infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract require the attention of a gastroenterologist, an infectious disease specialist. In addition, they very often proceed similarly to other, non-infectious diseases.

Common triggers are:

Bacteria:

Typhoid fever.
Salmonella.
Cholera.
Bacterial toxin - botulism.
Staphylococcus.

Viruses:

Rotavirus.
Enterovirus.

The treatment of such diseases is not only the task of destroying the infection, but also the elimination of dehydration of the body, and later a long work to restore the natural microflora.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in children are characterized by an acute course and severe tolerability. They are usually accompanied by severe weakness, rapid dehydration, high fever, and extreme nervousness.

Often the disease is accompanied by blurred symptoms. According to statistics, the incidence is characterized by bursts of two age peaks, which depend on age and occur at 5-6 years old, 10-11 years old, and are explained by the physiological and social distinctive features of age.

Can hurt:

Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Diet in diseases of the housing and communal services is almost crucial during the recovery period and important during treatment.

Its violations can provoke a relapse of the violation.

No. 1. Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with exacerbation of peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis and recovery from acute gastritis. Allows you to normalize the activity of the stomach, its peristalsis, protecting the mucous membranes and providing normal nutrition for the body.
The food includes yesterday's bread (white), soups with heavily boiled cereals seasoned with butter or a mixture of milk and eggs. Meat, fish must be obtained in a ground form - steam cutlets, meatballs are suitable, it is possible to bake with vegetables. Boil or bake vegetables, use non-acidic dairy products fat-free. Drink lightly brewed tea, juices, cocoa, rose hips.
No. 1a) for the same diseases is indicated for the first four days of treatment. A sparing diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract allows you to quickly heal ulcers, resist inflammatory processes, and is indicated if you have to comply with bed rest. All food is consumed grated, liquid or gruel, pre-boiled or steamed. There are temperature restrictions: + 60-15 degrees. Feeding process according to the crushed principle, the last feed is warm milk. Fermented milk products, vegetables are excluded, but cereals, eggs and meat without fat are suitable. Berries as part of decoctions, juices, jelly or jellies.
No. 2b) with the subsidence of the course of peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis with high acidity. Less strict than #1a), it allows non-acid grated cottage cheese, white breadcrumbs, thinly sliced, grated vegetables.
No. 2 is indicated for chronic colitis, enterocolitis and gastritis with high acidity. In addition, with concomitant diseases of the pancreas, biliary tract and liver. Temperature-limiting products are excluded; fried products are suitable if a hard crust has not formed after such processing. Yesterday's bread, inedible pastries, meat and fish are not fatty, vegetables and fruits are ripe even at the end of the heat treatment.
No. 3 is designed to improve bowel activity in its chronic problems. Food is fractional, 5-6 times daily. In the morning on an empty stomach 1 tbsp. l. honey with a glass of water. For the evening, dried fruits, kefir. Any bread, but yesterday's baking. Food will heal by boiling or steaming, vegetables are allowed raw. Weak tea, instant coffee, all other drinks are allowed, except for alcoholic and sweet waters.
No. 4 - a diet for diseases of the housing and communal services, with diarrhea. The task is to reduce the number of inflammatory processes, to reduce the development of fermentation and putrefaction in the organs of the housing and communal services. For this purpose, chemical and physical components that can affect the mucous membrane are limited: grated, boiled or steamed food, white bread, can be slightly dried. Meat and fish of low-fat varieties, passed through a meat grinder several times. Soups and broths, non-acidic cottage cheese, immediately after cooking. Eggs can occasionally be soft-boiled. Cereals - buckwheat, rice, oatmeal. Drink decoctions of quince, dogwood, bird cherry, tea and black coffee.
No. 4b) is prescribed after exacerbation of chronic intestinal diseases, improvement of acute diseases. Recipes for dietary nutrition for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in such cases include minced meat and fish without fat, fermented milk (without strong acid) products, rice, buckwheat, oatmeal in a well-boiled version. From vegetables, potatoes, pumpkin, zucchini, carrots and cauliflower are recommended. Drinks according to the diet option number 1. All food is boiled or cooked in a double boiler, grated or chopped.
No. 4c) - a diet for diseases of the housing and communal services, the purpose of which is to ensure adequate nutrition of the body with incomplete functioning of the intestinal tract. It is used for recovery after acute intestinal diseases and a period of remission after an exacerbation of chronic diseases. Eat food in 5-6 sittings. Yesterday's bread can be dried fresh, but a small amount of dry cookies is allowed. Baking without muffin, no more than a couple of uses per week. Soups, meat with a minimum amount of fat, are allowed not only chopped, but also a whole piece. All dairy products with a limited amount of fat, mild cheeses. Oatmeal, rice, buckwheat groats are well boiled. Raw fruits - apples, pears, watermelon, oranges and grapes, peeled. Vegetables on diet No. 4b). Drink diluted juices in half with cooled boiling water, milk is added to the usual drinks, but not cream.
Dietary table No. 5 for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is intended during the recovery period after exacerbation in chronic cholecystitis and hepatitis, recovery after acute cholecystitis and hepatitis, gallstones and liver cirrhosis. Recipes for such diseases of the gastrointestinal tract include food from a double boiler, boiled, stewed and baked. Only high-fiber foods and tough meats are ground. Nasty pastries with various savory and not spicy fillings. Soups with milk, vegetables, cereals, pasta. Baked meat is allowed without a crust. The dairy group is represented by low-fat cottage cheese and milk. Raw vegetables and fruits are allowed, as long as they are not acidic. The patient prefers sweet dishes, then sweeteners are used instead of part of the sugar. Diet drinks No. 4c).

Prevention of gastrointestinal diseases

It is much easier and painless to avoid the disease instead of treating it. Prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract includes the elementary rules of a healthy lifestyle:

Prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in children follows the same rules, but more attention is paid to the diet and the quality of the dishes prepared. In addition to fried foods, children are limited to the consumption of spicy, too hot or cold foods, sour and sweet.

It is very important to teach children to always wash their hands before eating, not to eat unwashed vegetables and fruits, to spend money on school breakfasts in the canteen, and not on hot dogs. In addition, categorically exclude products that contain harmful dyes and preservatives, sweet water, unnatural seasonings.

Exercise therapy for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

During the rehabilitation period for diseases of the housing and communal services, physiotherapy exercises (LCF) and herbal medicine are widely used. Exercise therapy for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract helps to improve blood circulation, restore motor functionality, strengthen the muscles of the press and improve the body in general.

Indications for exercise are diseases:

Chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers
Colitis and enterocolitis
Splanchnoptosis
Diaphragm hernia
Biliary dyskinesia.

Exercises consist of tilts in different directions, turns, work of the press and legs. In particular, the legs work in the prone position for extension, flexion, crossing, lifting, breeding.

With colitis with a tendency to constipation, there are many relaxation exercises, in the case of intestinal atony - with a greater load and the use of power complexes.

A prerequisite for performing exercises is the state of 2 hours after eating. In addition, calm walking on level ground, swimming and bathing are recommended. Loads are carefully dosed, raised gradually. For some diseases, a special massage is prescribed, capturing certain areas.

Separately, exercise therapy for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract uses breathing exercises that help not only restore the body as a whole, but also organize proper blood circulation in all problem areas of the human body.

In order to get advice or join a therapeutic gymnastics group, you need to contact a physiotherapist, a specialist in the recovery of patients after diseases of the housing and communal services, or a coach in therapeutic gymnastics.

If the patient is going to use any complex on their own, it is necessary to first get a consultation from a specialist who will take into account not only the general diagnosis of the patient. But also his current state.

Herbal medicine for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is indicated, since the patient's body is usually weakened, and freely selected fees can quickly fill human organs with nutrients without damaging the painful areas of the housing and communal services.

Various infusions, decoctions and juices will help you quickly get rid of beriberi, anemia, they are instantly absorbed and at the same time additionally treat diseases, acting gently and accurately.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract respond well enough to treatment, and even the most difficult problems can often be cured. This is possible only if the patient and the doctor actively cooperate, the patient strictly follows the doctor's recommendations and fulfills all prescriptions even after the disappearance of unpleasant symptoms.

Diets and LCF can only be a good help in recovery, and not an opportunity for self-treatment.

Gastrointestinal diseases are a large group of various diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract.

Classification of ailments

According to etiology, they are:

infectious;
non-infectious.

According to the localization of the disease of the gastrointestinal tract, the following organs can be affected:

esophagus;
stomach;
liver;
small intestine;
large intestine;
gallbladder;
bile ducts.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can be hereditary and acquired.

Predisposing factors

The gastrointestinal tract becomes inflamed due to:

malnutrition;
irrational combination of products, unbalanced in carbohydrate, protein and fat composition;
violations of the diet (meals are plentiful and rare);
the use of fast foods, seasonings;
reducing the content of coarse fiber in products;
smoking, drinking alcohol or drugs;
taking medications;
contact with infectious patients;
non-compliance with personal hygiene and food preparation rules;
living in environmentally unfavorable conditions;
genetic predisposition to GI.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, symptoms

The main manifestations of such ailments are pain in the abdomen. The nature of pain sensations varies in intensity and localization. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can be accompanied by heartburn, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, rumbling in the abdomen, the appearance of plaque on the tongue, increased gas formation, bad breath, and aversion to any products.

Infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract usually begin acutely. Their symptoms are more pronounced, sometimes the patient's temperature rises.

Any disturbances in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract negatively affect the state of the body: the metabolism worsens, the skin is affected, and immunity decreases.

It is possible to assess the degree of damage to the gastrointestinal tract if a thorough diagnostic examination is carried out. Examination by a gastroenterologist, laboratory and instrumental x-rays, endoscopy) will make it possible to make an accurate diagnosis and carry out adequate therapeutic measures.

A short list of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

The tract includes:

gastroesophageal disease;
gastritis of various origins;
duodenal ulcer;
constipation and diarrhea;
as a result of dysbacteriosis;
pancreatitis;
gallbladder disease;
hepatitis;
colitis;
cirrhosis of the liver and many others.

Prevention of gastrointestinal diseases

Gastrointestinal disorders are sometimes chronic. In order to quickly cope with exacerbations of the disease, you should make adjustments to your eating habits. Gastrointestinal diseases often lead to constipation, so it is important to organize timely bowel movements. It is necessary to accustom yourself to do this at the same time, preferably in the morning, in a calm home environment. On an empty stomach, you should take a glass of unboiled water, be sure to do exercises and have breakfast. It is recommended to take measures to strengthen the immune system, to perform hardening procedures - this significantly reduces the likelihood of contracting bacterial and viral infections. It is necessary to add preparations containing lacto- and bifidobacteria, as well as vitamins, to the diet in order to increase resistance to diseases.

In order to support all life processes, a person needs energy. We take it from food. In order for food to turn into energy and give the body all the necessary substances, there is a gastrointestinal tract. Here the primary processing, digestion of food and utilization of its residues take place. Needless to say, any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can greatly ruin a person's life. It includes many organs and components, and therefore any violation can seriously affect the digestive processes and seriously harm health. It is on the correctness and efficiency of the digestive processes that the supply of other organs and systems with the necessary substances depends, so diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can result in a variety of problems. In order to understand what kind of problems may arise, it is necessary to understand how the digestive system is arranged, what components it consists of, and what disorders at what stage can cause diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.

Gastrointestinal tract: organs and structure

The gastrointestinal tract consists of several sections. Here, food undergoes complete processing, saturating the body with useful substances. The first stage of digestion begins in the mouth. Here the food is subjected to primary mechanical processing. The teeth, tongue, and salivary glands all work together to prepare food for the stomach by grinding and moistening it. This stage is very important, during it you can not rush. Popular wisdom says that you need to chew each piece 32 times - according to the number of teeth. There is a rational grain in this, because the more thoroughly the food is crushed, the less the load on the digestive tract. From the oral cavity, food enters the esophagus, which is an intermediate stage between the mouth and stomach. The main digestive process begins in the stomach. While the food in the mouth was being prepared, the stomach had already produced gastric juice and all the necessary enzymes for its digestion. While contracting, the walls of the stomach grind and grind food, and here begins the primary absorption and assimilation of useful substances. An empty stomach is approximately 0.5 liters in volume, but it can stretch significantly, increasing in size up to 8 times! The next stage of the digestive tract is the movement of digested food into the small intestine. The small intestine has 3 sections: the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum. All sections of the small intestine are covered with tiny villi, which increase the area of absorption of nutrients. This makes it the main absorptive organ of the digestive tract. Numerous studies confirm that if part of the small intestine is removed, the body begins to experience a serious deficiency of nutrients. The large intestine terminates the gastrointestinal tract. It includes the caecum, colon, and rectum. In the large intestine, the absorption of useful components is completed, excess fluid is absorbed, and feces are formed. They are expelled through the rectum.

The gastrointestinal tract could not perform its functions without auxiliary organs. Salivary glands, pancreas, liver - without them, the process of digestion is impossible to carry out. And the actions of all organs are controlled by the brain, endocrine and immune systems. As you can see, the process of digestion is incredibly complex, many organs are involved in it. Each stage is important and necessary, so any violation will affect the state of the whole organism as a whole.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

Many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are caused by malfunctions of the immune system, which cannot cope with the number of harmful factors that it encounters daily. And if a person has a genetic predisposition, multiplied by malnutrition, tobacco and alcohol abuse, then gastrointestinal diseases will not take long. Consider the most common diseases of the digestive system.

Stomatitis is a disease that affects the mucous membrane of the mouth. It can be very uncomfortable. As a result, the ability to chew food well is reduced, which ultimately adversely affects the work of the stomach. The cause of stomatitis is a weak immune system.

Esophagitis occurs when the lining of the esophagus becomes inflamed. This can be caused by drinking alcohol, too rough, poorly chewed food, burns. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, such as esophagitis, cause quite severe pain and discomfort. There may be a burning sensation, vomiting, sometimes even with an admixture of blood.

A huge number of people suffer from heartburn. This condition is associated with an increase in the acidity of gastric juice. When part of it rises into the esophagus, there is a burning sensation.

Chronic gastritis is the most common gastrointestinal disease. Previously, it was believed that gastritis is a disease of students and people with a frantic pace of life who eat irregularly and incorrectly. Today, it is absolutely known that the vast majority of gastritis is caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common in the world and eloquently speaks of how deplorable the state of the immune system in most people. Chronic gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining. In fact, this is a disease that can have very serious consequences. First, the absorption of various beneficial substances is disrupted, for example, vitamin B12. Deficiency of this vitamin leads to the development of anemia. If gastritis is not treated, then its atrophic form may develop, which is considered a precancerous condition.

Chronic duodenitis and chronic colitis are inflammations of the mucous membranes of the duodenum and large intestine, respectively.

These are not all diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. There are many more of them, among them there are very dangerous ones, such as peptic ulcer or pancreatitis. Of course, the ideal option is prevention, which will help prevent gastrointestinal diseases. But what to do if the diseases are already diagnosed?

Treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and Transfer factor

As we have already said, the vast majority of diseases, including gastrointestinal diseases, cause disturbances in the immune system. Hostile single-celled organisms, autoimmune processes, infections - all this occurs if immune cells stop working as they are prescribed. Today, doctors and patients have at their disposal a unique drug that effectively treats gastrointestinal diseases and many other ailments. Immunomodulator Transfer factor is a concentrate of compounds - long chains of amino acids, which in the body of all mammals perform one function - the accumulation and transmission of information from mother to her children. Receiving this information, immune cells train, learn and begin to clearly understand how they must act in order for the body to be healthy and protected. If you are concerned about any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, take Transfer Factor as an independent remedy or during complex therapy for the best results of treatment.

According to statistics, in recent years, disorders and pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract occupy a leading place among other diseases. Residents of big cities are especially susceptible to them. The reason for this is the wrong lifestyle and constant stress. Therefore, by the age of 30, every fourth person suffers from gastrointestinal diseases.

Characteristics of the digestive system

It's no secret that the digestive tract plays a very important role in the life of the body. With it, we get vitamins, trace elements, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber and useful acids. Some of them serve as a building material for cells, provide us with energy. Other substances contribute to the smooth functioning of organs and systems. Therefore, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can not only disrupt the normal rhythm of a person's life, affecting his health, but in some cases lead to death.

The gastrointestinal tract consists of the following components: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and intestines, which includes thin, thick and straight sections. The main functions of all these organs are: the breakdown of food, the removal of its residues from the body, the production of beneficial enzymes that contribute to proper digestion and absorption of the necessary substances. Without the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, a person feels discomfort, he feels unwell, which, due to the lack of treatment, can become chronic.

Causes of diseases

There are a lot of them and most of them belong to the wrong way of life. The main causes of gastrointestinal diseases are as follows:

Unbalanced diet: constant diets, overeating, harmful snacks and chewing on the go, regular visits to fast food establishments, lack of healthy fiber, instead, the predominance of animal fats and indigestible carbohydrates in the diet.
Ecology: poor quality of drinking water, the presence of a large amount of nitrates and pesticides in vegetables, antibiotics and preservatives in meat products.

Acute and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have a number of signs that make it easy to determine if you have problems with this part of the body. These include the following symptoms:

Abdominal pain. With ulcers, it is sharp, with frequent localization, in the case of appendicitis and hernia - strong, pulsating, when a person has colic - cramping.
Heartburn. Painful sensations are characteristic for her with an ulcer, intensification - with a hernia.
Belching. Sour speaks of indigestion, with the smell of rotten eggs - about a pathological delay in food in the stomach and intestines.

Among the symptoms, vomiting and nausea are also distinguished, which are more characteristic of chronic diseases. For example, for gastritis. If the vomit contains spotting and clots, it may be an open ulcer or stomach cancer. If the patient regularly suffers from flatulence, he may be diagnosed with dysbacteriosis, secretory pancreatic insufficiency, complete or partial intestinal obstruction.

Other signs

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract also have less pronounced symptoms that indicate damage to the digestive system: bad breath, a feeling of bitterness, the appearance of a white coating on the tongue, poor appetite (especially aversion to meat products), constant thirst, increased salivation, a sharp decrease in body weight, the development of anemia, pallor, dizziness, weakness, a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, prolonged stool disorder (constipation or diarrhea), as well as the appearance of bloody discharge in the feces.

These symptoms in themselves are not dangerous, but can disrupt the normal rhythm of life, affect its quality, and also indicate the development of pathology. Therefore, the sooner you see a doctor, the faster and easier the treatment will be, the therapy will work effectively and the result will be complete healing. If the disease is not detected at an early stage and is not cured, it can provoke serious complications or it will regularly worsen until the end of life.

Major diseases

They are characteristic of a larger percentage of patients who seek medical help. Firstly, it is gastritis, the development of which is provoked by the Helicobacter pylori bacterium, as well as nutritional errors, the presence of bad habits and constant neuroses. With gastritis, the mucous membrane of the gastric walls suffers, because of which a person feels pain, suffers from indigestion. Secondly, it is an ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. For her, among other things, painful sensations are characteristic, and also heartburn, problems with the assimilation of food. An ulcer is formed when the organs of the gastrointestinal tract are damaged and the integrity of tissues is violated, and this can lead to life-threatening complications.

The third most common disease of the gastrointestinal tract is colitis. Occurs under the influence of pathogenic bacteria, against the background of infection. It is localized in the intestinal mucosa and is inflammatory in nature. Nonspecific colitis causes ulcerative lesions that cause peritonitis, intestinal bleeding, malignancy, and obstruction.

Other diseases

Their list is huge. What diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are most common among patients? First of all, it is pancreatitis and dysbacteriosis. The first refers to inflammatory diseases of the pancreas, which is characterized by vomiting, nausea, indigestion and pain. The second is the consequences of a change in the natural state of the intestinal microflora, as a result of which its full functioning is disrupted, problems arise with the digestibility of food, its normal excretion from the body.

The most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract include such ailments: cholecystitis - inflammation of the gallbladder, which is accompanied by bitterness in the mouth, nausea, pain, problems with stools and dyspeptic symptoms, cirrhosis of the liver - a deadly disease in which large-scale damage to the cells of the organ occurs. Digestive diseases are also called hemorrhoids and appendicitis.

Clinical picture in children

Unfortunately, recently there has been an increase in cases of digestive pathologies in babies. Gastrointestinal diseases in children occur due to several factors: poor ecology, heredity and malnutrition. As for the latter, it manifests itself in the uncontrolled use by minors of carbonated drinks, fast food products, sweets that contain emulsifiers, dyes and preservatives. Doctors say that intestinal diseases in babies most often appear at the age of 5-6 and 9-11 years. The clinical picture in this case is as follows: the baby has a stomachache, feels sick or vomits, he complains of diarrhea or constipation.

Even babies are not immune from disease. Often they suffer from so-called colic. The reason is artificial feeding. Therefore, doctors do not get tired of insisting that breast milk is the best food for the smallest children. It not only has a beneficial effect on the stomach, but also helps to strengthen the immune system. An organism that receives a sufficient amount of natural vitamins, trace elements and antibodies from mother's milk can also provide a decent resistance to various bacteria that cause FGT diseases.

Intestinal diseases in children

Acute intestinal diseases of babies belong to a separate group of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. These are salmonellosis and dysentery, which cause intoxication, dehydration and various dyspeptic disorders. These symptoms are very dangerous and require immediate hospitalization. Interestingly, it is children who most often suffer from intestinal infections. This is due to the fact that in babies the protective mechanisms of the body are still imperfectly working. The reasons are also the neglect of sanitary standards by children and the physiological characteristics of their gastrointestinal tract.

Acute infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can provoke a delay in physical development, "kill" the immune system and cause a number of serious complications and irreversible consequences. Usually they are accompanied by a complete lack of appetite, fever, pain in the abdomen, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. The kid complains of weakness and fatigue, he is inhibited, lethargic. Such a child needs medical care: antibiotic therapy is prescribed by a pediatric gastroenterologist.

Treatment

First you need to contact a specialized doctor - a gastroenterologist. Only after passing the necessary tests and examinations, he will make an accurate diagnosis. Treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, its duration and intensity will depend on the specific disease, the form and stage of its development, the degree of neglect, the general condition of the patient. Usually drug therapy is used, but in some cases surgical intervention is urgently required.

Tactics are selected individually. The following drugs are usually prescribed:

Antacids - neutralize stomach acid.
Alginates - normalize acidity.
Prokinetics - stimulate gastrointestinal motility.
Antispasmodics - relieve spasms of smooth muscles.
Antibiotics and probiotics.
Enterosorbents - against intoxication.
Antimicrobial agents.
Enzymatic digestive preparations, etc.

In combination with drug treatment, traditional medicine is also used: infusions and decoctions of medicinal plants. For example, immortelle, nettle, yarrow, lemon balm. They are very effective, but you can only take them under the supervision of your doctor.

Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

All diseases from this series are so different that specific recommendations can be given only after a detailed study of the diagnosis. The diet is subject to adjustment in each individual case. But there are also general requirements for the patient's diet. First, you need to eat often - 6 times a day. Portions should not be large, it is best if the dish is rare or crushed. So you will not overload the stomach and intestines. Secondly, the patient needs to drink 2 liters of water per day.

Diet for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract must be sparing. Preference should be given to soufflé, mashed potatoes, omelettes, low-fat fish and meat broths. Fried, smoked, canned, pickled, salted - under a strict ban. It is also necessary to abandon various sauces, semi-finished products, seasonings and spices. Vegetables that cause fermentation processes should also be excluded. These are all legumes, corn, peas, cabbage, turnips and radishes. Other vegetables must be thoroughly boiled or stewed. Food should be fresh and easy to digest. The more fiber in the diet and less refined food, the better the digestive tract will work.

Prevention

First of all - it's all the same balanced and proper nutrition. Prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract includes such measures: compliance with the rules of sanitary cooking and personal hygiene. Thus, you protect yourself and your family from intestinal infections. Eat only healthy foods: vegetables, fruits, greens, low-fat dairy products, fish and meat. Try to have the correct ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in your daily diet.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are very "like" passive people. Therefore, try to move more, play sports, spend a lot of time outdoors. An excellent option would be swimming, light running, aerobics and even walking. Give up bad habits - they provoke malfunctions in the intestines and stomach. Try to protect yourself from stress, do not be too nervous, take natural sedatives: valerian or motherwort. If the first alarming symptoms occur, immediately consult a doctor - this way you will avoid the progression of the disease and prevent its transition to a chronic form, and, of course, achieve a complete recovery.