The twin is a parasite in the human body. Vicious conception. Edward Mordrake is the most famous two-faced man in the history of the world.

Birth defects are abnormalities in the structure or function of various organs that are present at birth and can cause mental or physical abnormalities. Some of the birth defects below are fairly well known, while others are extremely rare. But be that as it may, they are all rather creepy, mysterious and tragic. So…

This is a rare condition (about one in 200,000 births) in which twins are born united in one or more parts of the body. In 70-75% of all cases, Siamese twins are female. About half are born dead. Sometimes they can be separated, which allows Siamese twins to live a full life, but more often than not, this is not possible.

Hypertrichosis (Ambrams syndrome)

Hypertrichosis is a disease that manifests itself in excessive hair growth, unusual for this area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin. Fortunately, this is a very rare disease and there are currently only 40 people in the world suffering from hypertrichosis. The illness is extremely debilitating for children, as they are often rejected by their peers.

Sirenomelia (mermaid syndrome)

Sirenomelia is a developmental anomaly that manifests itself in the form of fusion of the lower extremities. It occurs in one case per 100 thousand newborns. As a rule, it leads to death, 1-2 days after birth, this is due to the oddities in the development and functioning of the kidneys and bladder. However, there are cases when children with this anomaly (even without surgical intervention) lived for several years. So, the American girl Shiloh Pepin, who suffered from sirenomelia, was able to live for more than 10 years.

Cyclopia, as you might guess, is named after the famous mythical creature Cyclops. Children born with cyclopia have only one eye, located in the middle of the head. In 100% of all cases, newborns die in the first days of life.

A type of twin fusion in which the head of a twin, which does not have a body, grows to the head of a normal child. History knows only ten recorded examples of this anomaly, and only in three of them the child remained alive after birth. In one case, the second head was able to smile, blink, cry, and suck on the mother's breast.

A rare disease (1 case in 2 million), resulting from a gene mutation and manifested by congenital developmental defects - primarily curved big toes and disorders in the cervical spine. The basis of fibrodysplasia is the formation of inflammatory processes in the tendons, ligaments, fascia, aponeuroses and muscles, which ultimately leads to their calcification and ossification. The disease is also called "The disease of the second skeleton", since, in fact, where regular anti-inflammatory processes are required to occur in the body, bone growth begins.

Progeria is a rare genetic defect in which changes in the skin and internal organs occur due to early aging of the body. No more than 80 cases of progeria have been recorded in the world.

A birth defect in which a baby is born with a semi-functional tail, complete with muscles, nerves, skin, and blood vessels. It is thought to be caused by a gene mutation.

Anencephaly is the complete or partial absence of the cerebral hemispheres, bones of the cranial vault and soft tissues. It occurs approximately once per 10 thousand newborns (in the USA), more often in female fetuses. The defect in 100% of cases is lethal. 50% of fetuses with anencephaly die in utero, the remaining 50% are born alive, but only 66% can last a few hours (however, there are cases that some lived for about a week). Stephanie Keane, better known by the nickname Baby Kay, is considered to be the “long-liver” among anencephalians, who lived with this terrible diagnosis for 2 years 174 days.

Fetal development, characteristic of Siamese twins. To date, scientists have not been able to figure out exactly why parasitic craniopagi appear. Research in this area is still ongoing, but today there are several interesting scientific hypotheses.

Edward Mordrake is the most famous two-faced man in the history of the world.

The name of the only person who was born with two heads and survived to adulthood has been preserved in history. Presumably, his diagnosis is also Craniopagus parasiticus. Edward Mordrake was born into a noble and wealthy English family in the 19th century. There was another face on the back of the child's head. This man had no other visible defects, but this anomaly caused him many problems.

Eyewitnesses describe in their testimonies that Edward's "back" face had an independent facial expression. It often expressed emotions opposite to the mood of its owner. There were rumors about a certain demonic entity that had taken possession of the boy's body. But this is not the worst. Edward said that he constantly hears the terrible whisper of his twin and he tells him terrible things. The young man repeatedly asked the doctors to cut out the face located at the back of the head. Unfortunately, none of the experts dared to carry out such an operation. This story has a tragic end: at the age of 23, Edward committed suicide, having previously bequeathed to cut off the hated extra face posthumously before the funeral. His will was done. Of course, in this case we are talking about a genetic mutation in combination with a mental disorder.

An Indian teenager who complained of chronic abdominal pain was shocked when doctors removed a mutated twin embryo from his abdomen.

Narendra Kumar, 18, who was rushed to the hospital after suffering a bout of vomiting, severe weight loss and worsening abdominal pain, stunned doctors during an examination.

“We removed the deformed fetus of a child that had hair, teeth, a poorly developed head, part of the structure of the chest and spine. It was in a large bag with yellowish amniotic fluid,” the Daily Mail quotes the words of the surgeon.

A 15-year-old teenager named Mohd Zul Shahril Saidin from Malaysia came to the doctors with complaints of abdominal pain, which began about 4 months ago.

During the examination, the doctors decided that an operation was urgently needed, since a large tumor was detected there.

As a result of the operation, the doctors, in shock, pulled out something that looked like an ugly, underdeveloped baby from the teenager's stomach. The "body" had long hair, a deformed head, two legs with fingers, and even male sex organs.

In science, such anomalies are called "fetus in fetu" - an embryo in an embryo. Such cases, experts say, are quite rare in world medical practice.

Now the teenager is still in the hospital, recovering from the operation, and the family buried the remains of his unborn twin brother in the cemetery.

Abigail and Brittany Hensel live in New Germany, Minnesota. They are Siamese twins with a unique body structure. For two, the girls have two spines, two hearts (the circulatory system is common), two stomachs, three kidneys, three lungs and common genital organs.
This is only the fourth time recorded in the scientific archives that twins with this anatomy have survived. At the same time, each sister feels touched only on her half of the body and can control only one arm and one leg. Incredibly, they manage to lead a completely normal life.


For 27 years, Abi and Brittany have learned to coordinate movements so well that they do not have to deny themselves something. Without apparent difficulty, they ride a bicycle, swim, play volleyball and the piano, dividing the composition into parts for the left hand and the right. Moreover, the Americans even passed on the rights and now they calmly drive around in their own car.


In addition, the girls also have different heights. Abby is 157 centimeters, and her sister is ten centimeters shorter. The length of their legs is also different, and Brittany has to wear shoes with higher heels or walk on tiptoes so as not to limp.

In general, there are a lot of amazing things in them. “I can have a completely different temperature,” says Abby. “Often we feel that when we touch, our palms are at different temperatures.” Hobbies, characters and taste preferences also differ. For example, Brittany loves milk, but her sister can't stand it. As they eat soup, Brittany won't let her sister sprinkle crackers on half of her.


It often seems to others that girls can read each other's minds. For them, finishing a sentence started by a sister is a common thing. In one of the interviews, they recalled the case when one of them asked: “Are you thinking about the same thing as me?” It turned out that it was, after which the girls turned off the TV and went to read a book. Doctors explain this by the fact that certain parts of their nervous system intersect.

When sisters disagree about what they should do, they toss a coin, ask their parents for advice, or prioritize what they want to do. But now they are relatively easy to find a compromise, and in childhood, it happened that Abby and Brittany even fought.
The girls graduated from the university, having defended two diplomas. Now they teach mathematics in high school. But they get paid only one. They have everything in common, even life.

See also: Twin brothers married twin sisters and confuse each other,
The story of a flight attendant who survived a fall from a height of 10 thousand meters
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What happens if one of the Siamese twins dies. Is it true that Siamese twins die at the same time?

This is a question from Rosalind Dumont of St Kilda, Victoria.

As to this question, the answer is the story of Chang and Eng Bikers (1811-1874), the most famous Siamese twins, a case both surprising and instructive. The sons of a Chinese fisherman, they grew up in Bangkok, Thailand (then known as Siam), were "discovered" by a visiting British merchant and eventually found fame and success in Europe and America. For a long time they were the main number of the P. T. Barnum circus and, as a result, they retired with honor. The twins married sisters and produced 21 children between them.

Chang and Eng are fused in the lower part of the chest, connected by a dense, strong tissue about 13 centimeters long and 20 centimeters wide. Their livers were found to be connected, and the blood supply to the abdominal cavities was shared. It is not known whether they could be successfully separated today, with the current level of development of medicine, but in the 19th century such a possibility was unthinkable. However, the fabric that connected them stretched to such an extent that Chang and Eng could stand side by side and even perform tricks during the circus performance. Chang's height was 157 centimeters, Eng was 2.5 centimeters taller. The personal characteristics of Chang and Eng were also different. Chaig was more active, Eng was more quiet and withdrawn. Chang drank a lot. Eng objected to this behavior of his brother. This alcohol addiction eventually led to the death of both. After poisoning his body for many years, Chang was unable to recover from bronchitis and died while Eng was sleeping. Upon awakening, Eng, who had been terrified for years at the thought of such a situation, began to tremble, suffocate, fell into a coma and died after 1 hour. Interestingly, doctors later came to the conclusion that Chang's fatal disease did not affect Eng. In Eng's body, no traces of the destructive and unbridled passion for alcohol, so noticeable in Chang's body, were found. Therefore, the doctors decided that Eng died from the shock received due to the death of Chang. He was literally scared to death.

The study shows that rich people are much more likely to die from strange and exotic diseases than the poor. The rich travel actively, therefore they are more at risk of dying from any “alien” introductions into the body.

5. Embryo fusion at early stages, creation of chimeric animals (sheep-goat chimeric animal). 4. Cloning of animals is possible, obtaining genetic copies from one organism. Cell engineering methods are associated with the cultivation of individual cells in nutrient media, where they form cell cultures. This allows you to: 1. Accumulate biologically active substances (for example, in ginseng). 2. Create virus-free varieties of potatoes and other plants. 3. The possibility of unlimited reproduction in culture. Genetic engineering is the introduction of a gene from one organism to another. 12.

Slide 12 from the presentation "Basic selection methods" for biology lessons on the topic "Selection"

Dimensions: 960 x 720 pixels, format: jpg. To download a slide for free for use in a biology lesson, right-click on the image and click "Save Image As ...". You can download the entire presentation "Basic Selection Methods.ppt" in a zip archive of 877 KB.

Selection

"Monohybrid crossing" - Lesson progress. The totality of all the genes of an organism. - First generation hybrids. An integrative approach to teaching biology. Objectives: A set of signs and properties of an organism. Monohybrid. - Parent forms. Let's remember! From the history. Continue developing skills in working with genetic terms, symbols. An organism whose genotype contains different allelic genes.

"Biology selection" - Selection. selection method. § 3.18-3.19, preparation for k/r, test. mutagenesis method. Effects of radiation and chemicals on plants and animals. The name of science comes from the Latin "selectio" - choice, selection. Centers of origin of cultivated plants. selection tasks. SELECTION - human-driven evolution.

"Gene engineering" - Scientists guarantee harmlessness. Attentive viewing!!! What does genetic engineering bring to mankind? New GM varieties. The popularity of soy products, soybean oil is growing every year. GMO bacteria destroy tumors. Using mutations, i.e. selection, people began to engage long before Darwin and Mendel.

"Fundamentals of Breeding" - Homeland of several forms of wheat, rye, legumes, grapes. Plant selection. Mediterranean center. selection tasks. The main methods of selection work. I. V. Michurin developed a method of distant hybridization to obtain new varieties. Animal breeding methods. Homeland of corn, cocoa, beans, red pepper.

"Biology Plant Breeding" - Carrying out cross-pollination between different homozygous lines. Tetraploid rye. Mass selection Mass selection is applicable to cross-pollinated plants (rye). distant hybridization. Polyploidy. Pure line A. Hybrid AB. +. effect of heterosis. =. Self-pollination in cross-pollinated plants.

"Methods of selection of microorganisms" - Use of cell cultures. Topic: "Basic methods of selection of microorganisms." Colchicine is used. Plant cells under certain conditions are able to form a full-fledged plant. Methods of chromosome engineering. Repetition. What is totipotency? Obtaining a frost-resistant variety took only a year (instead of 30 years).

Total in the topic26 presentations

Recently, doctors of the Barnaul Regional Clinical Hospital (Altai Territory) encountered such a phenomenon. According to them, they "interrupted the pregnancy" ... a five-month-old resident of Barnaul, Vera N.

- The girl was brought to us (to the regional clinical children's hospital. - Auth.) with a suspected tumor, - says the surgeon who operated on her, Yuri Ten. - She had problems with breathing, but in the children's clinic, the doctors could not figure out what was wrong. X-rays showed some kind of neoplasm in the baby's tummy, but did not give a clear answer. When we got to this "tumor", we found that it was actually an embryo with a diameter of about 15 centimeters. Everyone was just in shock, and the nurse almost fainted. However, this phenomenon is so rare that it is not surprising. Over the past 200 years, only 76 cases of such pathology have been described in medical practice.

According to Yuri Vasilyevich, children with congenital deformities are often born in the Altai Territory. The reason for this is the proximity of the Semipalatinsk test site - its surroundings are contaminated with heptyl (rocket fuel. - Auth.), Hence all kinds of anomalies. But how a premature fetus appeared in the body of his patient, the surgeon could not answer - in the case of Vera, heptyl had nothing to do with it.

The body of a child in a man's chest

“A few years ago, in Nizhny Novgorod, policemen picked up the corpse of a man on the street. They did not find any traces of criminal death and took him to the morgue.

The pathologist, who opened the chest of 43-year-old Vladimir B. (the identity of the deceased was established along the way), froze over the corpse with a scalpel raised. In his patient's chest rested a stiff lump of flesh, resembling the body of a twisted child. The doctor took it out and put it on the scales. The arrow stopped at 6.200.

One head is good, but two?

“He had a head with thick hair, but no eyes and nose were observed - only a mouth,” said the doctor. - But the hands were underdeveloped, as were the internal organs.

Lazar loved his "brother" very much, took care of him and even wore two handkerchiefs: one for himself, the other for the smaller one, since the latter salivated from his mouth when Colloredo ate.

He lived for 43 years and did not need anything. As a child, he made good money showing his brother at fairs. There he was spotted by the courtiers of the French king Louis XIV. They brought him to Paris, where Lazar soon became the royal musketeer.

Two-faced suicide

The Janus Phenomenon stands alone in teratology. Named after the two-faced ancient Roman god, these freaks were encountered by scientists only in the embryonic state. The "Janus" who was born and lived to adulthood was Edward Moerdijk, the son of an English peer.

He was a very gifted young man. He was destined for a career as a musician or scientist. But his life was cut short at the age of 23.

Mordijk's normal face was quite handsome. But on the back of the head there was another face, its absolute antipode. It rejoiced when Mordijk wept. His eyes followed what was happening, and his lips continually writhed in an evil smirk. It did not utter a sound, but the young man said that the second face did not allow sleep and constantly whispered "things that you can only hear in hell."

Mordijk, in addition to his family members, was followed by a whole army of doctors. But one day he managed to secretly take poison. In his suicide note, he asked to "destroy the demonic face", so that at least in the grave it would leave him alone.

Intrauterine tragedy

“I have never had to deal with something like this,” Cleophas Gaeros, doctor at the Arequipa Medical Center, told the Interlocutor. “My patient had twins, but one of the babies was stillborn. I would even say - killed: his brother strangled him. The boy's neck was broken. The "killer" was clutching the end of his brother's umbilical cord in his hand. It felt like the babies had a fight before they were born. Evelina Verones, mother of the twins, was in despair.

“I can never treat my son like a normal child,” she says. And I will live with this nightmare for the rest of my life.

1. A fruit that is entirely in another.
2. Extra limbs or head protruding beyond the body of a healthy child.
3. A visually distinguishable vestigial fetus on a "carrier".

In the first case, the second embryo is located either in the abdominal cavity or in the chest of the "carrier". Situations are much less common when the fetus settles in the head of a brother or sister.

How to discover?

In underdeveloped countries, the "fetus in the fetus" may not be diagnosed until the mature age of the "carrier", being hidden among the internal organs. It is detected only with a thorough examination of a patient who complains of poor health and unreasonable weight loss.

Ischiopagus is diagnosed in an adult with the help of the following studies:

• Radiography.

In studies with imaging, the degree of development is as follows:

The mechanism that triggers this phenomenon has also not been determined. But experts have identified the following risk factors for expectant mothers:

• Work in production, if harmful toxic substances are used in the process.
• Taking medication before conception, during the period of ovulation. Women who were treated with potent drugs in the early stages of pregnancy also fall into this category.
• Living in adverse environmental conditions, which is why a pregnant woman is constantly exposed to poisons.
• The development of mental illness after trauma due to aggressive psychological pressure.

Possible consequences

For the mother, such a fetus is not dangerous. Difficulties arise during childbirth with the external location of additional limbs and other anomalies that have reached large sizes.
For the fetus, this condition is dangerous for several reasons:

The latter causes a violation of the development of the carrier fetus, premature birth and intrauterine death of both embryos.

This anomaly is classified as rare. It is believed that only 1% of pregnancies with more than one fetus end in such consequences. The male embryo is more commonly affected.

Treatment and prognosis

Surgery is the only treatment option if the pathology has not been eliminated during fetal development. But success depends on many factors, such as what organs were shared, how closely the twins grew together, and so on.