What anesthesia is better for rhinoplasty. Anesthesia for plastic surgery. How is rhinoplasty done?

This is a serious and rather long-term plastic surgery. Naturally, during a consultation with a plastic surgeon, the future patient discusses in detail all the details of the upcoming intervention.

At this point, the surgeon devotes a lot of time to removing the fears and prejudices associated with anesthesia. Questions can range from the most naive, such as "how will the nose breathe during the operation?", to quite professional ones - "will endotracheal anesthesia be used?".

It is clear that a council of doctors will decide such issues, and the last word will belong to the anesthesiologist-resuscitator.

But there are general rules that are followed by all clinics that guarantee the high quality of medical care - anesthesia for rhinoplasty must be justified according to the indications, the method of intervention and is safe.

But often the patient is worried, afraid of general anesthesia and persuades the doctor to perform rhinoplasty under local anesthesia.

Where do these fears come from? From those memorable times when operations were done without anesthesia at all, or the patients were thrown on the spot with ether and chloroform, like Nikulin's hero in Shurik's Extraordinary Adventures. Remember, trained on cats!

The task of that outdated type of anesthesia was one - to turn off the patient. And in what way - no matter! After all, once the patient was generally given only a glass of vodka and then they wielded metal tools for a long time.

Today, anesthesia care is an exact and humane medical science that correctly calculates its strength in the fight against pain. Her latest achievement was medical sleep, which "turns off" the patient's consciousness without harming the body.

If the plastic surgery clinic considers it an advantage that the rhinoplasty operation is performed under local anesthesia, this indicates two things that are equally dangerous for the patient:

Firstly, the clinic probably does not have modern anesthetic equipment, equipment that would monitor the state of the body during the operation. There is also no experienced anesthesiologist-resuscitator in the state who provides professional anesthesia.

Rhinoplasty under local anesthesia is the anesthesia of a small area. Yes, the patient does not experience pain, but he sees and hears everything that happens in front of his eyes (his nose is right there!).

And this is actually a great stress for the psyche: to hear the sound of an instrument, to see a skin flap dissected from other tissues and hanging in a metal clip in front of the eyes. And this is the same "second": the task of doctors is not to demonstrate their skill to the patient with wide eyes, but to perform the operation, while maintaining the health and peace of mind of the patient.

In rhinoplasty, of course, only general anesthesia can be used, the safety of which is guaranteed by the anesthesiologist.

The list of equipment that the clinic should have takes up a whole page. A separate room is required for the anesthesia machine. All this is in those clinics that have received a license for plastic surgery, introduced an anesthesiologist and an anesthetist nurse on the staff, and ensured a joint understanding of the process among the entire operating team.

During rhinoplasty, the nose, of course, does not breathe on its own: a special tube is inserted into the patient's trachea, which ensures the flow of air and prevents blood and mucus from entering the esophagus and lungs.

Since the operation can take from two to four hours (in particularly difficult cases), the constant presence of an anesthesiologist-resuscitator ensures monitoring of the patient's condition: oximetry (measurement of the oxygen content in the blood), blood pressure, respiratory rate, body temperature, an electrocardiogram is taken.

In fact, your health is never more controlled than with general anesthesia!

In order for the pain syndrome not to disturb the sleeping patient, local anesthesia can also be performed at the site of exposure, as an additional means of pain relief.

A full-time anesthesiologist-resuscitator is also present when the patient wakes up: he makes sure that everything went well, that the patient feels good.

Plastic surgery, including rhinoplasty, is not the lunchtime office procedure that people sometimes make it out to be. Therefore, if you are faced with a decision - which clinic to go to, where to get a nose job, choose not the one where they tell you that they will fulfill all your aesthetic wishes under local anesthesia, but the one where plastic surgeons and anesthesiologists-resuscitators understand the seriousness operations and observe all safety measures during its implementation.

Septoplasty is a surgical intervention that is aimed at correcting the nasal septum to improve respiratory functions. During surgery, the surgeon can correct the deformed structures of the septum (bone and cartilage) that separates the two nasal passages.

Rhinoplasty is a plastic surgery in which the shape of the nose is changed in aesthetic terms or its reconstruction is performed, both partial and complete.

Plastic surgery - rhinoplasty

These operations are one of the complex plastic surgery interventions that are performed to eliminate difficulty breathing through the nose after an injury that has developed an asymmetry or shift in the position of the bridge of the nose. Any surgical intervention requires anesthesia: local anesthesia or general anesthesia.

What anesthesia is used for rhinoplasty? This is the main question that worries all patients.

Anesthesia with local anesthetics of the nose area in plastic surgery allows you to block pain in a specific area for manipulations. The patient is conscious throughout the entire surgical intervention, feels all the manipulations performed, is fully aware of everything that is happening around, but does not feel pain. Local anesthesia in plastic surgery is used for rhinoplasty and septoplasty.

Basically, this method of anesthesia is used by those operated on who are not suitable for general anesthesia for nose correction surgery or minor surgery. For example, patients with acute neurological disorders who had an acute myocardial infarction less than six months ago, suffering from uncompensated heart failure, with stable or unstable angina, with hypertension and other diseases.

Local anesthesia is used when general anesthesia is contraindicated for the patient

The main positive side of local anesthesia is the absence of post-anesthetic complications. The rehabilitation period takes less time than with the use of drug sleep during septoplasty or rhinoplasty.

The main negative factor is that the patient has full control over the course of the surgical intervention, is aware of all the actions performed by the surgeon.

If the doctor does not recommend the use of local anesthesia, it is best not to panic, but to heed the advice. This method of anesthesia can not always be used in plastic surgery to perform surgery on the septum or to correct the shape of the nose.

Medical sleep during rhinoplasty

Many patients are afraid of general anesthesia due to the high risk of complications after the operation. This surgical intervention to correct the nose is rather difficult in plastic surgery, and the use of medical sleep for all manipulations is more relevant. The operated person is completely immobilized, calm, which favorably affects the course of the surgical intervention.

General anesthesia is preferred for rhinoplasty

During the operation, the patient is unconscious, therefore, pain and awareness of the manipulations are completely absent. The surgeon and the anesthesiologist carefully monitor the condition of the operated patient during the surgical intervention, and the medical staff monitors the operated patient until he fully wakes up.

After waking up for a couple of hours, it is not recommended to drink a lot and you can not eat, as nausea and vomiting may occur. Follow all the recommendations of the anesthesiologist, and when recovering from plastic surgery, stop smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages. If you experience negative sensations, immediately inform the medical staff so that the supervising doctor can provide assistance in time.

Feeling good after anesthesia

When the local anesthesia completely disappears and the sensitivity of the nose area is restored in the patient, pain gradually appears, up to severe pain. In such a situation, it is important to immediately tell the medical staff about such sensations of pain for the timely relief of the condition with painkillers.

After surgery, the patient may experience severe pain, so you need to be under observation.

After surgery, under the influence of drug-induced sleep until full awakening, the patient is monitored by an anesthesiologist. When the operated patient wakes up, the doctor will ask a couple of simple questions to assess how they feel. In the first hours after anesthesia, dry mouth, dizziness, nausea, as well as chills and pain in the nose area may be felt. Most often, the patient has drowsiness, which disappears during the day.

Postoperative complications in surgery can develop both after medical sleep and local anesthesia. It all depends on the general condition, the individual characteristics of the patient's body, compliance with the recommendations of the surgeon and anesthetist.

Each of us has its own characteristics of the structure of different parts of the body.

The tip of the nose is also different and may need correction.

Rhinoplasty of the tip of the nose is performed non-surgical and surgical methods, depending on what consequences and results the patient expects.

The choice of method and technique for performing manipulations depends on many factors and requires a highly qualified doctor.

How is rhinoplasty done?

Depending on the amount of necessary changes in the shape of the tip of the nose, its correction can be performed in different ways.

Minimally invasive procedures

They suggest the possibility of changing the outlines with the help of injections or correction of the tip of the nose with threads.

These procedures are almost painless, are performed quite quickly and allow you to correct minor defects, for example, slightly raise, reduce or smooth out a forked tip of the nose.

Rhinoplasty of the nose with the help of special threads provides quite ample opportunities. The tip of the nose is corrected under local anesthesia.

The threads are inserted into the thickness of the skin, fixed and tightened until the desired contour is obtained. All manipulations are performed through punctures, which are completely invisible after 2-3 days.

What to do for the desired result:

1. Abandon the “magic wand syndrome”, as rhinoplasty is not an instant solution, but a time-consuming operation that requires patience.
2. Choose a professional in the field of plastic surgery.
3. See photos before and after surgery.
4. Select a nose model using computer simulation.

Operational correction

Minimally invasive methods do not always allow you to achieve the desired result and correct significant defects.

In addition, their result is temporary, although it can last several years.

An operation to correct the tip of the nose may be necessary after injuries, when the direction of this area has changed, or with congenital structural features of the nose.

Often, something can be corrected or changed only with the help of rhinoplasty.

In some cases, it is necessary to remove excess tissues to give shape, then they are excised and sutured. In others, on the contrary, it is required to fill concave areas or hollows. Then, the patient's own tissues are most often used - correction of the tip of the nose with the help of an autochondrograft. They can be taken from cartilage located in other parts of the nose.

The operation lasts 2-3 hours. It can be performed under general or local anesthesia. This is decided on a case-by-case basis and depends on many factors. General anesthesia allows the surgeon to carry out a more extensive scope of intervention, and the patient to avoid unrest and discomfort during the operation.

Rhinoplasty under local anesthesia is good because the body suffers less from the effects of the anesthetic and it is possible to avoid side effects that may occur after general anesthesia.

Don't forget your anatomy!

Surgical correction of the tip of the nose can be performed by open and closed methods. The closed method involves making incisions inside the mucosa. Next, the doctor highlights the lower pterygoid cartilage and sutures in such a way as to form the desired shape of the tip of the nose.

With this method, there are no external sutures, so there is no risk that traces of the operation will remain. However, there are other problems that do not always allow you to achieve the desired result.

The possibilities of the surgeon when working with the closed method are limited, and the damage to the vessels is very difficult to control. As a result, the recovery period is lengthened, and the risk of developing hematomas is high.

The open tip rhinoplasty technique involves an incision in the bridge area, release of the pterygoid cartilage and removal of excess tissue. With the help of sutures, the desired shape of the tip of the nose is achieved. When working with the open method, the surgeon's errors are minimized.

The choice of method depends on the desired result and structural features of the tip of the nose, each time it is decided individually. For example, bifurcation correction can be performed by both methods.

With the open method, access and narrowing of the end part of the nose is made through an incision in the skin. When closed, additional tissues are introduced through the mucosa into the place of retraction. In this case, the results are very good.

If the tip of the nose is injured as a result of an injury, then the operation is performed by an open method. Often, a skin graft is required, which can be taken from the auricle. Nose injuries are by no means uncommon even in the average person, and not just in athletes.

What determines the choice of method

• skin thickness,
• nose dimensions,
• The outline of his back
• cartilage strength,
• Angle between nose and upper lip.

Of course, the patient's opinion is taken into account, more precisely, his desire to have a certain result. However, one cannot be guided by this alone, and anatomical features must be taken into account, otherwise the operation can lead to completely different results.

Indications for surgery

The operation may be necessary for congenital anomalies in the structure of the tip of the nose, curvature resulting from injuries or illnesses.

Indications may be anatomical features that cause aesthetic or physical discomfort to the patient.

The tip of the nose may "look" to the side, hang down or be too upturned. All these defects and features can be corrected with rhinoplasty.

Contraindications

Like any surgical intervention, rhinoplasty has a number of limitations, which are due to the presence of certain diseases in the patient:

• diabetes,
• infection,
• exacerbation of chronic processes,
• oncology,
• blood clotting disorder.

In addition, in women it is necessary to take into account the phase of the menstrual cycle. Pregnancy and the period of breastfeeding a child are periods when such operations are not performed.

Any person who dreams of having plastic surgery is interested in the issue of anesthesia during surgery.

Even less than a decade ago, many Russians were afraid of aesthetic medicine as such, since everyone heard terrible stories about anaphylactic shock, coma and other consequences of anesthesia. Unfortunately, we cannot refute such facts. In any country, there are unscrupulous surgeons who do not study the history in detail, and do not even ask the patient about his allergic reactions to medications. The negligence of a doctor, of course, can lead to unforeseen and irreversible consequences, so we recommend that you contact only competent specialists with extensive experience and developed skills.

Guess why minimally invasive methods of rejuvenation and correction of certain areas have become so popular today? The fundamental aspect, of course, is gentle anesthesia. However, a full-fledged operation, like, or, simply cannot be performed under local anesthesia and intravenous sedation. Let's look at the types of anesthesia and what "pitfalls" each of them implies.

Our presenter provides all types of aesthetic services, using only high-quality anesthetic preparations for this. Even after general anesthesia in our clinic, you will wake up alert and calm, you will not be haunted by dizziness, nausea and vomiting. We also guarantee you the absence of side effects after anesthesia and take responsibility for your condition during its operation.

What anesthesia is used for plastic surgery?

The very concept of "anesthesia" means the loss of any senses. However, this concept is too broad and needs to be detailed. What methods of anesthesia are used in plastic surgery?

General anesthesia.The classic method of anesthesia, which is used during a full-fledged invasive operation. This category includes, And , correction of the shape of the nose affecting the bone tissue, abdominoplasty, gluteoplasty, and other large-scale operations. In aesthetic surgery, intravenous combined anesthesia is more often used, but there are exceptions when inhalation technique is used. General anesthesia, or anesthesia, puts the patient into a state of deep sleep with complete loss of sensation. You will not feel any manipulations performed by the surgeon, nor pain. With the introduction of general anesthesia, doctors often resort to the additional use of muscle relaxants - drugs that relax the skeletal muscles. This creates comfortable conditions for the operation, without the use of a large amount of aggressive anesthetics and narcotic substances.

1. Local anesthesia.The essence of the use is to block nerve impulses in the local part of the fibrous tissue, on which the surgeon performs manipulations. The anesthetic can be applied in the form of an application, however, intradermal (injection) administration of an anesthetic drug is more often practiced. A kind of "cushion" is created, over the area of ​​which the surgeon makes incisions and performs other actions related to the correction of a part of the body or face. Such anesthesia is appropriate for circular, upper and lower blepharoplasty, rhinoplasty, where only the cartilaginous and soft tissues of the nose are involved, short-scar and endoscopic lifting, and the introduction of threads. Local anesthesia is also used in all types of cosmetic services. At the request of the patient, anesthesia is used during contouring, mesotherapy, biorevitalization, , laser resurfacing. In addition to the application and injection method of administering the drug, local anesthesia also includes various ointments and gels of local action.
2. intravenous sedation.The effect of this anesthetic procedure is similar to premedication on the eve of a full-scale surgical intervention. You will be immersed in a light superficial sleep, your condition will be psychologically comfortable, strong fear and excitement before the operation will disappear. This type of anesthesia is often combined with local anesthesia. Also, intravenous sedation is always used together with regional (epidural) anesthesia. The latter, however, is rarely used in aesthetic medicine. Intravenous sedation does not block pain, its main task is to eliminate anxiety and fear, to relax the patient, to put him into a healthy, shallow sleep. The patient's actions are somewhat inhibited, but the behavior is completely adequate. This type of anesthesia is often used in combination with local anesthesia for septorhinoplasty, blepharoplasty, and minimally invasive types of lifting.
   

General anesthesia: terrible myths and possible consequences

Modern anesthetics used in the field of aesthetic medicine have low toxicity, so they rarely cause complications and ailments after surgery. Our clinic uses only the most modern high-quality drugs that will not cause problems for your health.

What are the consequences of general anesthesia?

No matter how gentle the drugs are, general anesthesia is a strong stress for your body. Therefore, we recommend that you give preference to local anesthesia and intravenous sedation, if possible.

Anaphylactic shock is the main "horror story" of all opponents of plastic surgery. In fact, the risk of such a syndrome does exist, and it depends more on the patient than on the doctor. We strongly recommend that you articulate all of your history of anaphylactic and allergic reactions to medications when you first talk to the anesthetist in order to avoid such consequences.

Coma. It is extremely rare in plastic surgery and is more often associated with a serious condition of the patient during an emergency operation. If you do not have serious health problems, as well as absolute contraindications to plastic surgery, you are not at risk of this complication. A competent surgeon will always play it safe and examine in detail the state of your body before performing a "voluntary" operation. In addition, any modern clinic is equipped with resuscitation and all the necessary means to quickly bring the patient to a healthy state in any emergency.

. "What if I wake up?" A question that torments most future patients of plastic surgery clinics. The fear of waking up during an operation often wins over common sense, as a result of which the patient delays going to the doctor even with the most terrible defects. We prefer to dispel this myth: modern anesthetics literally guarantee the action all the time allotted for the operation. In addition, the task of the anesthesiologist here is not complicated by the patient's difficult condition, as can happen with conventional surgical intervention. Therefore, even if the doctor needs additional time to correct your defects, our anesthetist can "prolong" your sleep without compromising your health.

. "What if I don't sleep?" During the conversation with the anesthetist and study of your tests, you will be selected the best option of anesthesia, which is guaranteed to affect your consciousness. If for some reason this does not happen, the doctor will cancel the operation.

What anesthesia is used during operations:

Anesthesia for lip augmentation

If you want to increase the volume of the lips using hyaluronic acid, increase the cheekbones or chin

The doctor in this case will apply anesthesia with applications of a cream containing lidocaine. The cream is applied to the face, and after 30-40 minutes of waiting, the patient feels numbness in the facial area. Such a freeze indicates the disappearance of pain sensitivity for 20 minutes.

If the patient has a low threshold of pain sensitivity, the doctor uses dental or conduction anesthesia. With the help of it, there is absolutely no sensation of pain during the procedure. A not too pleasant nuance is that the face remains numb for about 2 hours. During freezing, do not eat or drink. Alas, not every doctor knows this technique of performing anesthesia, since it requires a deep knowledge of the anatomical features of the face.

Anesthesia for laser resurfacing of the face (medium or deep)

Laser resurfacing of the face is carried out using application anesthesia in combination with a small intravenous sedation. The laser is usually used under local anesthesia.

However, sometimes, for example, in the presence of rough cicatricial formations or irregularities on the skin of the face - a condition that manifests itself after acne, the so-called post-acne, the skin needs a deeper study. And here some painful sensations are possible. For this reason, in addition to local anesthesia, drugs are administered intravenously, due to which pain sensitivity disappears for 15-20 minutes. This effect is different from general anesthesia!

Laser resurfacing is performed with surface anesthesia. The patient is guaranteed a feeling of peace and relaxation without pain. The appointment of this type of anesthesia requires testing. If the results are available, the anesthesiologist conducts a consultation. As a rule, it takes only one visit to the clinic.

Anesthesia for scar eraser or removal of benign tumor formations - lipomas, atheromas and others

The operation is performed under local anesthesia. The patient transfers the only pain sensation - during the injection directly into the operated area. After that, there will be no more pain, because the anesthetic injection will begin to work.

Anesthesia for blepharoplasty or S-lift facelift

TIVA anesthesia is considered a powerful anesthetic achievement of our time. Patients are no longer tormented by nausea, vomiting, or feeling dizzy at the end of the operation. They fall asleep and come to their senses, already being in the ward of the clinic. Patients are not even aware of the spectacle of the walls of the operating room and its first-class equipment.

TIVA anesthesia is an absolute departure from the classic “tube inserted into the mouth”. With the help of a special apparatus, an anesthetic drug is automatically administered intravenously. Its amount is strictly dosed, the dosage is calculated taking into account the patient's body weight. Doctors choose TIVA anesthesia for patients with a history of arterial hypertension. This method of anesthesia is good because during the operation the patient's pressure is controlled by the doctor.

There are times when the anesthesiologist considers general anesthesia to be appropriate. As a rule, such a decision is made by the doctor if the operation lasts longer than 2.5 hours. At the same time, there is no reason to worry: general anesthesia - anesthesia - is carried out only using the most modern drugs that are guaranteed to be safe.

There are myths saying that after operations performed under general anesthesia, people's memory deteriorates significantly, hair falls out, and other health problems appear. However, these are nothing more than legends. And the combined multicomponent anesthesia in the clinic of Dr. Oleg Banizh has nothing to do with these stories.

Anesthesia for rhinoplasty

All types of surgical intervention in the nasopharyngeal region are performed using general anesthesia with endotracheal support. This type of anesthesia is simply necessary to ensure the safety of the operation. It is also a moment that gives the doctor confidence that he will perform the procedure at a high level.

Anesthesia for mammoplasty or abdominoplasty:

Such operations are not complete without general anesthesia, called endotracheal anesthesia. If the mammary gland is operated on or an operation is performed in the body area, the patient needs a deep state of analgesia - pain relief. Here the surgeon cannot apply local anesthetic in a large volume. Therefore, with the help of general anesthesia, it is possible to make sure that the patient does not have any discomfort associated with the operation - neither before nor after it. Upon completion of these operations, the specialists of the clinic of Dr. Oleg Baniz vigilantly monitor the patient for 48 hours.

Anesthesia for liposuction (laser liposuction)

In this case, the clinic specialists use spinal anesthesia in combination with intravenous sedation. With the help of this method of anesthesia, liposuction is performed in the abdomen, thighs, the area above the knees, the “breeches” are removed, the volume of the buttocks or the lumbar region is reduced.

Patients often have a question: do injections into the spinal cord? We hasten to reassure you - no injections in the spinal cord are required for this. There is no spinal cord in the area in which spinal anesthesia is performed. It contains only nerve endings responsible for pain.

With the help of this type of anesthesia, the conduction of nerve impulses to the area in which liposuction is performed is blocked for approximately no longer than 4 hours. By the time the patient wakes up, the return of all sensations is guaranteed. Perhaps the only caveat here is that after the operation is completed, the patient may experience a feeling of numb limbs within an hour or two. This operation does not require the use of general anesthesia.

For liposuction of the chin, TIVA anesthesia is used.

So, we have listed a whole list of methods that are successfully used in the clinic of Dr. Oleg Banizh to help the patient comfortably endure an operation or procedure. The clinic has everything to ensure the safety of the patient, and what could be more important? Intensive care unit, any emergency response facilities that you may need - we are 100% prepared!

Modern plastic surgery in many countries of the world places a clear emphasis on minimally invasive methods of correcting a person's appearance: minimal labor and time costs, achieving maximum results, reducing possible pain to a minimum.

Rhinoplasty is quite difficult to imagine without the use of local or general anesthesia. It is rather difficult to compare the advantages and disadvantages of local and general anesthesia, because these types of anesthesia are used in different cases. Local anesthesia is necessary if a minor surgical intervention is expected, not long in time, and also if there are certain contraindications to general anesthesia. In any case, the choice of anesthesia will depend on the complexity of rhinoplasty and the individual parameters and wishes of the patient.

In this video you will see how anesthesia works. The video contains footage of a real operation (open rhinoplasty): Anesthesiologist: Konstantin Nikolaevich Donets, Surgeon: Edgar Kaminsky.

Features of performing rhinoplasty under local anesthesia

Local anesthesia has been widely used in the field of anesthesia for many years. It can be isolated (i.e., the only one), or act as part of a combined version. With this type of anesthesia, a small area of ​​the face (nose and adjacent tissues) is anesthetized, which is achieved due to the fact that the anesthetist calcifies this area with a solution of a special anesthetic (or a combination of several drugs).

The anesthetic is quickly injected into tissues, skin and other anatomical structures of the nasal cavity. Injections of anesthetic drugs of this type are very superficial, although in some cases, rhinoplasty requires a deeper injection of the anesthetic. Taking into account the fact that the drug is injected with long and thin needles, it is completely painless for the patient during the administration of the drug.

It should be noted right away that at the injection site, the drug will cause a feeling of tissue growth and an increase in temperature in the nasal cavity, but such feelings will not last very long in time, therefore, by the beginning of the operation, they usually completely subside and the person simply stops feeling half of his face. In some cases, oddly enough, the patient may well retain the ability to have some deep sensitivity, so during the operation it will seem to him that something is happening in the nasal cavity, but there is no question of any pain - he will feel it impossible.

Sometimes, in order to normalize the patient's psycho-emotional state, reduce his anxiety before the operation, and also eliminate anxiety, local anesthesia during rhinoplasty is combined with sedation (introducing a person into a state of drowsiness).

It should be noted some disadvantages of local anesthesia in rhinoplasty:

• The patient will see and feel everything that doctors do. This negatively affects his psycho-emotional state;
• The quality of rhinoplasty decreases and its duration increases. When a person is conscious, doctors need to systematically monitor his behavior and location. In addition, seeing, for example, blood and sharp instruments, the patient may simply be frightened and disrupt the operation;
• Local anesthesia for rhinoplasty is not recommended by most foreign and domestic anesthesiologists and plastic surgeons.

At the same time, general anesthesia, despite the fact that it is more preferable when performing operations on the nose, can give certain complications when the doctors complete their work.

What drugs are used?

Rhinoplasty under local anesthesia performed with the use of special anesthetic drugs, which can be divided into two large groups:

• Esters (Tetracaine, Novocaine, Dicaine, Chlorprocaine);
• Amides (Etidocaine, Ropivacaine, Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, etc.).

Novocaine is usually used to perform infiltration anesthesia according to Vishnevsky. Seriously inferior in effect to modern anesthetic drugs. The same Dikain is about 15-20 times stronger than Novocain in terms of the main anesthetic characteristics. Lidocaine is considered a rather toxic drug, but at the same time it is a potent and universal anesthetic, because it can be used for epidural, conduction, infiltration, terminal anesthesia.

Bupivacaine is the strongest and longest acting anesthetic drug. It can be used for various types of local anesthesia in rhinoplasty. In terms of strength, Bupivacaine is slightly inferior to Naropin, but it is also an incredibly strong and powerful anesthetic used in infiltration and epidural anesthesia.

I created this project to tell you about anesthesia and anesthesia in simple language. If you received an answer to your question and the site was useful to you, I will be glad to support it, it will help to further develop the project and compensate for the costs of its maintenance.