Named the healthiest countries in the world. Burnout, stress and fatigue. How to counter this? The most prosperous countries in the world
According to a large-scale study of the health of the inhabitants of the planet Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2010, the results of which were published in the latest issue of The Lancet, Japan was the leader among 187 countries in terms of healthy life expectancy, as well as over the past 20 years. , and she topped the rating for this indicator among both the female and male population. Russia in the composite rating was on the 97th place.
Healthy life expectancy (HALE) means the number of years of relatively good health that a person can expect and is estimated based on average mortality rates, age, its causes, incidence rate for each age group and other related statistics by country's population.
According to GBD results, in 2010 the global average HALE at birth for boys was 58.3 years and for girls it was 61.8 years. As for ranking by country, the lowest HALE - 27.9 years for boys and 37.1 for girls - was in Haiti, and the highest - 68.8 for boys and 68.8 for girls - among Japanese citizens .
In the top 10 healthiest countries in the world, after Japan, entered, in the men's ranking - Singapore, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Australia, Canada, Andorra, Israel and South Korea, in the women's - South Korea, Spain, Singapore, Taiwan, Switzerland, Andorra, Italy, Australia, France. The US is tied for 29th in male HALE with Norway and 33rd in female HALE with Estonia. Russia in the HALE composite rating took 97th place.
"It's hard to say unequivocally what makes the population of one country healthier than another," ABCNews quoted one of the study's lead authors, Professor Joshua Salomon of Harvard University, as saying. "Most likely it's a combination of factors such as genetics, habitual diet, traditional way of life.
One of the major global trends identified by GBD is the increase in life expectancy for people with serious illnesses. According to the GBD, various mental and behavioral disorders (almost a quarter of cases), pathologies of the musculoskeletal system and endocrine diseases, primarily diabetes, are leading among the main causes of disability for the world's population, according to the GBD. At the same time, women, on average, live longer than men with diseases - 11 and a half years against 9.2 years. As one of the authors of the study, Professor Christopher Murray of the University of Washington, noted, "We are moving into a world in which the dominant problem, as opposed to premature death, is the disability of the population."
As for life expectancy, according to GBD data, over the past 40 years this indicator has increased in all regions of the Earth without exception, including the poorest, that is, those with the highest rates of HIV, tuberculosis and malaria. Thus, in 2010, compared with 1990, the number of people in the world who died over the age of 70 increased by almost 10 per cent. At the same time, there has been a steady decline in the level of child mortality - since 1970 this figure has decreased by almost 60 percent.
The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 is a collaborative project between the University of Washington, the World Health Organization, Harvard University, Johns Hopkins University and the University of Queensland funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to identify global trends in the health of the world's population. The project involves 486 scientists from 302 scientific institutions in 50 countries. The first GBD report was published in the early 1990s.
The British website Clinic Compare ranked the most unhealthy countries in the world. The study used data from the World Health Organization, the World Lung Health Association, and the World Factbook CIA. Information on 179 countries was analyzed. Considered factors such as alcohol and tobacco consumption per capita per year, as well as the problem of overweight. The same ratings were determined for each item.
Also, an analysis was made of various diseases of a non-infectious nature, including diseases of the cardiovascular system, diabetes and oncopathology. They were taken into account, since in most cases these diseases develop against the background of an unhealthy lifestyle: alcohol and tobacco abuse, as well as due to malnutrition. Below is a list of powers included in the top 20.
The most interesting thing is that the leading positions among unhealthy countries were occupied by states located in Eastern Europe.
20th place - Ukraine
The last step of the twenty is occupied by Ukraine. This country has a lot of drunk people. Each citizen accounts for more than 12 liters of alcohol per year. Among other states, Ukraine entered the top ten most drinking nations, taking the 8th position.
19th place - United Kingdom of Great Britain
This country has a high level of economy. It is the world's largest food retailer. But still, she also got into the top 20 most unhealthy nations. Many residents of the state are overweight, and also abuse alcohol and smoking.
18th place - Romania
The people living in this state have an addiction - smoking. Each inhabitant has an average of 1,619 cigarettes smoked per year.
17th place - Greece
Obesity is a major health problem in this country. More than 25% of the total population suffer from this pathology.
16th place - Australia
Australia made it into the top 20 drinking countries at number 17 in the ranking. On average, each inhabitant receives up to 11.2 liters of alcohol per year.
15th place - Lebanon
This country is the world's largest supplier of two types of tobacco. It is not surprising that the inhabitants of the state suffer from nicotine addiction.
14th place - Canada
Improper nutrition is the main cause of overweight. In Canada, obesity is found in 30% of the population. Despite the fact that there are no problems with food in the country, many continue to abuse fast food and fatty foods.
13th place - Belgium
In this European state, citizens have a serious dependence on nicotine and alcohol. In the world ranking, Belgium is in seventh position in terms of alcohol and tobacco abuse.
12th place - Estonia
This Baltic state is not accidentally included in the list of unhealthy nations. Here, about 24.5% of the inhabitants have obesity of varying degrees. And the consumption of alcohol per capita per year is more than 12 liters.
11th place - Bulgaria
As in other Eastern European countries, Bulgaria has all the same problems: obesity of the population, addiction to alcohol and dependence on nicotine.
10th place - Lithuania and the United States of America
Lithuanians drink a lot of alcoholic beverages. In a year, the average rate of alcohol consumption is more than 18 liters per person.
Among all the countries in the top ten of the ranking, the United States is the only one that is located outside of Europe. The inhabitants of this state, and this is at least 35% of all adult citizens, are overweight. The country ranks 9th in the obesity ranking. Most people classify being overweight as dangerous.
9th place - Luxembourg
Despite the fact that Luxembourg is a rather small state, this did not prevent it from being included in this list. The reason is that 25% of the inhabitants are overweight.
8th place - Poland
Poland has 2 main problems that have led it to the top 10 unhealthiest countries. These include smoking and drinking alcohol. There are 1,369 cigarettes and 12.3 pure alcohol per Pole per year.
7th place - Croatia
The main problem of the inhabitants of most European countries is addiction to strong booze. Croatia was no exception. At least 13 liters of alcohol per citizen per year.
6th place - Hungary
Hungarians are among the unhealthy nations because of their addiction to smoking. According to statistics, there are 1,774 cigarettes per citizen per year.
5th place - Slovakia
In this country, more than a quarter of all citizens have problems with being overweight, which leads to the development of cardiovascular pathologies. Also, many Slovaks are addicted to alcoholic beverages.
4th place - Republic of Belarus
3rd place - Slovenia
Slovenia has the largest selection of tobacco products in the world. Therefore, it is not surprising that there are 2,637 tobacco products per citizen per year.
2nd place - Russian Federation
1st place - Czech Republic
Oddly enough, Afghanistan turned out to be the healthiest country. Here the lowest percentage of obesity of the population is 2.7%. Regarding smoking, each citizen has no more than 83 cigarettes per year. Since alcohol is banned in Afghanistan, there are practically no drinkers here.
The top four healthiest countries also include Guinea, Niger and Nepal.
According to Bloomberg, the healthiest nation is the Spaniards. The United States ranks 35th in the ranking, Russia is not included in the top fifty of the healthiest countries.
Spain overtook Italy to take first place in the Bloomberg Healthiest Country Index 2019 ranking of the healthiest countries in the world. In the last ranking, which was compiled in 2017, the Spaniards were in sixth place. Italians two years ago were considered the healthiest nation on the planet.
Bloomberg analysts ranked 169 countries on a 100-point system according to life expectancy, taking into account penalty points for risks such as smoking, obesity, etc. In addition, when compiling the rating, such factors as the environment, access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene conditions, and others were taken into account.
The result undoubtedly pleased the Europeans, since there are six European countries in the top ten in the Bloomberg Healthiest Country Index 2019. In addition to Spain and Italy, these are Iceland (3rd place), Switzerland (5th), which missed Japan in fourth place; Sweden (6) and Norway (9). The top ten healthiest nations also include Australians (7), Singaporeans (8) and Israelis (10).
Spaniards have the highest life expectancy in the EU. According to this indicator, according to the UN, they are second only to the Japanese and Swiss. Not surprisingly, the Institute for Health Metrics and Health Evaluation at the University of Washington (IHME) predicts that by 2040 Spain will overtake Japan, Singapore and Switzerland and come out on top in life expectancy, which will come close to 86 years.
Scientists can cite many factors that affect the health of a nation. One of the most "understandable" is nutrition. In the case of Spain and Italy, which occupy the top two places in the ranking, it is, of course, the famous Mediterranean diet, combined with olive oil and nuts, which can significantly reduce the number of cardiovascular diseases. By the way, other European Mediterranean countries also rank high: France - 12, Cyprus - 21, Portugal - 22, Greece - 26, Malta - 27.
The absence of American countries in the top ten is noteworthy. The top twenty includes only Canadians, who have 16th place. The next healthiest country in the Western Hemisphere is Cuba, which closes the third ten (30). The United States has dropped one spot from its previous rankings to 35th. In the US, life expectancy is "limping", mainly due to drug addiction and high suicide rates. In addition to the Cubans, the Americans also gave way to the Chileans and Costa Ricans, who shared 33rd and 34th places.
Experts believe that Cubans are superior to Americans due to the fact that Cuban medicine emphasizes the prevention of disease, while American medicine focuses on diagnosis and treatment.
Europeans dominate the list of the healthiest countries on the planet. In the top thirty other continents represent only 8 countries. The most impressive jump - seven positions at once compared to the 2017 ranking was made by South Korea, which occupies 17th place.
There is something to boast about and Chinese doctors. China, with a population of almost 1.4 billion, has moved up three spots to 52 in the 2019 rankings. Moreover, according to the above IHME forecast, China will overtake the United States in terms of life expectancy by 2040.
If you look at the last thirty Bloomberg Healthiest Country Index 2019, then there is nothing surprising. 27 of the 30 most disadvantaged countries in terms of health are in Africa. Three more countries from the last thirty are Haiti, Afghanistan and Yemen.
Today is World Health Day. More and more people around the world are paying attention to health issues.
In general, there have been some positive developments. Thus, the global infant mortality rate in 2013 amounted to 33.6 deaths per 1,000 live births, and which shows a downward trend for a year in a row.
In addition, life expectancy has improved significantly in recent decades. However, these improvements are unevenly distributed across the countries of the world.
To create a ranking of countries with the healthiest and most unhealthy populations, the editors of the 24/7 Wall St. considered a variety of factors that are categorized as indicators of health, measures to ensure access to health facilities, and the state of the economy.
The healthiest country in the world, Qatar, is the absolute leader in these indicators, while the least healthy country Sudan received the lowest scores.
The negative consequences of a nation's poor health are much less common in healthy countries than in countries with poor health.
So life expectancy tends to be much higher in countries with a strong healthcare system. Life expectancy at birth in the healthiest countries exceeds the global life expectancy of 70 years.
It is believed that a child born in Iceland will live to be over 80 years old - the highest life expectancy in the world.
The quality of a country's infrastructure and healthcare system also affects the prevalence of morbidity among citizens.
Medical care is much more accessible in the healthiest countries in the world. The prevalence rate of physicians in the healthiest countries is 1.52 physicians per 1,000 people. This is twice the world figure.
Residents in the healthiest countries spend more than $2,000 per capita on health care annually, compared to just over $1,000 per capita in the world.
With one exception, Equatorial Guinea, the least healthy countries spent well below the global average on health.
Of course, high spending does not guarantee good health outcomes. Annual health care spending in the United States is $8,895 per capita. However, the health of US residents was rated worse than that of 33 other countries.
1. Qatar
Life expectancy: 77.6
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births): 7.0
Health care spending per capita: $2029
Unemployment rate: 0.5%
The ranking of the healthiest nations was headed by a country that does not have its own national health system. Given that the emirate is still gradually moving to a universal system, the health of the population can only improve.
By the end of this year, it is planned to cover the entire population with medical care. There are 7.7 doctors per 1,000 people.
It is noteworthy that the tiny Middle Eastern country took care of the health of its little fellow citizens: 99% of children received vaccinations against measles and other diseases.
Like a number of other prosperous and healthy countries, Qatar is facing the problem of obesity and has the second highest number of overweight people in the world.
2. Norway
Life expectancy: 79.5
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births): 2.3
Healthcare spending per capita: $9,055
Unemployment rate: 3.5%
Norway spends more money per capita on health care than any other country in the world. Annual health care spending here was $9,055, ahead of Switzerland at $8,980 and the United States at $8,895.
Norway has a relatively high mortality rate: 8.4 cases per 1,000 people. Nevertheless, Norway is in the top 10 most prosperous countries in terms of under-five mortality and life expectancy at birth.
While the country has relatively poor health measures, its residents have some of the best access to medical professionals and healthcare facilities in the world. There are 1000 people for four doctors here.
3. Switzerland
Life expectancy: 80.6
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births): 3.6
Healthcare spending per capita: $8,980
Unemployment rate: 4.4%
Switzerland has the second highest life expectancy and is the third healthiest country in the world. In Switzerland, there are 3.9 doctors per 1,000 inhabitants.
The country ranked high in the overall standings despite a relatively high mortality rate of nine deaths per 1,000 people, as well as common risk factors.
Every Swiss has almost 10.7 liters of alcohol per capita. In addition, experts estimate that 22% of adult women and 31% of adult men smoke.
In terms of tuberculosis incidence, Switzerland is among the twenty worst countries in the world: 100,000 people account for 6.5 cases.
Despite all this, the state of health of the population is very good. Perhaps due to good funding.
4. Luxembourg
Life expectancy: 79.1
Health care spending per capita: $7,452
Unemployment rate: 5.9%
The world's fourth-highest per capita health care spending country, Luxembourg performs best in terms of health spending to outcomes.
The country has the lowest mortality rates for both infants and children under the age of five.
But, like most of the top 10 healthiest countries, the 10 healthiest countries, the statistics here show relatively high mortality. Perhaps this is due to high alcohol consumption - 11.9 liters per capita - and a relatively high percentage of the population with obesity - 23.1%.
5. Japan
Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births): 2.1
Health care spending per capita: $4,752
Unemployment rate: 4.0%
Japan is the most populous of the 10 healthiest countries in the world. However, experts note the highest mortality rate among ten countries: 10 per 1,000 people.
The age of a quarter of the population of the country has exceeded the mark of 65 years - evidence of the health and longevity of the Japanese. Among the negative factors: a high percentage of smokers among both men and women.
6. Iceland
Life expectancy: 81.6
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births): 1.6
Health care spending per capita: $3,872
Unemployment rate: 5.6%
Life expectancy at birth is 81.6 years. About 18% of women and 19% of men in Iceland smoke.
Iceland has the lowest infant death rate in the world, at just 1.6 deaths per 1,000 live births. At the same time, 91% of children are vaccinated.
7. Austria
Life expectancy: 78.4
Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births): 3.2
Health care spending per capita: $5,407
Unemployment rate: 4.9%
Health care costs in Austria are about $5,400 per capita per year. This is the ninth result among the countries of the top ten. As in many other healthy countries, the relatively high level of spending on health care helps to increase the number of doctors and the quality of care.
In 2011, there were five doctors for every 1,000 Austrians - the fourth figure in the world. As in most of the healthiest countries, the Austrian government controls most of the country's health care system.
8. Singapore
Life expectancy: 79.9
Infant mortality rate (per 1000 live births): 2.2
Health care spending per capita: $2,426
Unemployment rate: 2.8%
The economy of the small island nation of Singapore is remarkably developed. The unemployment rate for 2013 was less than 3%.
In addition, Singapore's GDP per capita was $55,182 in 2013 and was one of the best economic performances worldwide. In addition to a strong economy, the state has developed infrastructure and medicine.
Life expectancy at birth is approximately 80 years. The health care system of the city-state is universal and unique in its own way. Residents of the country are obliged to forcibly set aside part of their funds in a special "medical" account.
9. Sweden
Life expectancy: 79.9
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births): 2.4
Healthcare spending per capita: $5,319
Unemployment rate: 8.1%
As in most healthy countries, medicine is insured in Sweden. The patient pays only minor costs for treatment.
The country's annual health care budget was $5,319 per capita. Swedes also live longer than most people, with a life expectancy at birth of approximately 80 years.
10 Australia
Life expectancy: 79.9
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births): 3.4
Health care spending per capita: $6,140
Unemployment rate: 5.7%
In addition, annual health care costs were $6,140 per capita. A problem for Australians remains a high percentage of obese people: approximately 28.6% of the total population.
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