A living treasury of useful elements is the mulberry tree. Mulberry, planting and care

Mulberry or mulberry is a high-yielding, unpretentious crop with a rich harvest of delicious berries and many useful properties.

How to plant and properly care for a plant? What type of mulberry to choose for your site? Which breeding method to choose? How useful is mulberry and are there any contraindications?

Information on these issues, as well as detailed planting technology and agricultural technology for growing mulberries, will be presented in detail in the article.

Description of the mulberry plant

Mulberry, mulberry tree, tyutina, mulberry - the name of the same plant of the Mulberry family. This deciduous tree was known in Russia in ancient times, during the reign of Ivan the Terrible. And it became famous for the amazing properties of the leaves - the favorite delicacy of the silkworm, thanks to which they began to make natural silk. And the fruits of the tree are distinguished by high taste and nutritional qualities. Even the historical fact of the issuance of a special decree of Peter I concerning the ban on cutting down mulberry trees is known in connection with their national value.

The natural distribution area of ​​​​mulberry is quite wide: temperate and subtropical zones of Africa, Asia and America. A cold-resistant, drought-resistant and fast-growing plant, it is now actively cultivated throughout Europe.

Mulberry is a tall tree, reaching a height of up to 15 m and living in one place up to 200-500 years. Such centenarians already in the 5th year of planting delight with a sweet harvest, and after another 5 years they give about 100 kg of fruit from one tree.

Mulberry blooms in May, and bears fruit from June to September, depending on the variety.
Similar to small berries, the complex fruit of the drupes has a pleasant sweet and sour taste. Each drupe with an overgrown perianth is combined into a juicy, friable-looking fruit, about 2-3 cm in length. The so-called infructescences ripen unevenly, often the crop is harvested for 1-1.5 months. To collect them, a blanket is spread under the tree, on which the berries are crushed.

The most famous types of black and white mulberry.

There are both monoecious and dioecious representatives of the mulberry genus. Depending on this, planting one or two (female and male tree) plants in one area is required.

Female flowers are represented by an inflorescence of spikes, small in size, with a pubescent pistil. Male flowers resemble white elongated earrings. According to such characteristic features, a fruit-bearing tree is determined from a male pollinator tree. Mulberry also has the phenomenon of parthenocarpy, that is, the formation of fruits without fertilization.

The trunk of the tree is covered with dense bark and characteristic cracks.

The leaves of the mulberry tree are large and simple, green in color. Often on the same tree there are leaves of different shapes: from whole, oval elongated, to lobed divided, with denticles along the edges.

Today, the mulberry tree is of well-deserved interest among many gardeners and landscape designers. The species diversity of the mulberry tree is represented by cultures with different crown structure, color and size of the fruit. Depending on this, you can choose a mulberry tree with weeping branches falling to the ground; with a pyramidal or round crown; black, pink or white berries.

In total, this genus of plants has more than 20 species of mulberry and many varietal varieties.

Species diversity of titovnik

The most famous and widespread in our country are two types: white and black mulberry. They are distinguished not so much by the color of the berries, but by the shade of the bark of the tree.

• White mulberry is covered with thick, light, gray bark. Due to its thin and delicate leaves, it is used not only as a fruit tree, but also in the production of high-quality silk, when feeding silkworm workers. There are infructescences of white, red, yellow, pink and even purple color with a sugary-sweet taste. An unpretentious, frost-resistant plant with sweet berries is widely distributed in culture.

• The black mulberry has a dark, brownish bark color and is grown mainly for food, as the leaves are much tougher and coarser than those of the white mulberry. But the taste of its fruits is recognized as much better. Mulberry has a lower level of winter hardiness and is grown mainly in the southern regions. A tree with a wide, spreading crown and large asymmetrical leaves.

There is also a classification of the mulberry tree, dividing varieties according to fruit, ornamental and fodder purposes.

• The fruit species include the white and black mulberries mentioned above, as well as new breeding varieties. For example, white mulberry Snow White, Nadia, Mashenka, Dina, Black-browed.
• The best known are such high-yielding, disease-resistant fodder varieties as Slobozhanskaya 1, Ukrainian 5, Belaya Medovaya, Ukrainian 6, Ukrainian 7, Merefenskaya.
• To create spectacular landscapes, decorative varieties are grown: Laciniata (carved leaves), Aurea (bright yellow leaves), Pyramidalis (pyramidal crown), Globosa (spherical crown), Pendula (weeping crown with drooping branches).

Mulberry reproduction

There are two main methods of reproduction: seed and vegetative. Each of the methods has its own characteristics and difficulties.

Mulberry seed propagation

• After collecting the berries and cleaning them from the pulp, you can see very small dark seeds, which are sown in the ground. Previously, to increase germination, they are kept for several hours in a growth stimulator solution.
• For sowing, it is better to use the seeds of the current year. When storing seeds, provide a dark ventilated place and room temperature. Seeds must be well dried, otherwise moisture can destroy all seed material.

The seed method of propagation by gardeners is rarely used, due to insufficient inheritance of parental traits by offspring. Breeders, as a rule, use this type of reproduction to grow rootstocks or reclamation plantations.

Vegetative propagation of mulberry

A common method, replete with variety. Apply reproduction by offspring, cuttings, layering and with the help of vaccinations.

offspring

• Mulberry is able to form root growth, which is not destroyed in cases of freezing or death of the tree. A well-developed root offspring is chosen, from which an adult culture will be formed in the future.
• Extra offspring are removed or used as seedlings. In order for the excavated seedling to be viable, it is important to damage the root system as little as possible and cut off the aerial part of the shoot by a third.

Offspring completely repeat the signs of an adult plant.

cuttings

For propagation by cuttings, green or semi-lignified shoots are used.

• For propagation by green cuttings, in the summer, during the period of active vegetative growth of the plant, young shoots are cut, up to 20 cm long and with at least 2-3 buds. The cuttings are planted in a greenhouse at a slight slope (45º), deepening them up to 3 cm into the soil. The greenhouse should have an increased level of humidity, up to the effect of "wet fog". By the autumn, subject to all the rules of agricultural technology, the cuttings start up new shoots and take root. Sprouted and strengthened cuttings are planted in open ground in spring.
• In addition to green, in the same period, semi-lignified shoots can also be cut. The same cultivation technology is followed as with green cuttings. The only difference is that such shoots are much weaker and take root more slowly.

Propagation by germinated cuttings allows you to grow mulberries that are identical in characteristics to the mother plant.

layering

• Reproduction by layering is possible with deep pruning of the mother plant. Then, next year, a strong growth is formed, which is bent down to obtain horizontal layering.
• Vertical layering can be obtained by hilling shoots sprouted from hemp after a full cut of an adult plant. Such shoots are dug up in spring or autumn and, subject to the formation of full-fledged roots, are planted in a new place.

Mulberry grafting

Mulberries can be grafted in a variety of ways.

• The most successful and labor-intensive technique is copulation, i.e. grafting with a cutting on a prepared cut.
• Simple copulation involves merging a stock and a scion that are the same in thickness. After combining the sections, the junction is tightly tied with an elastic band.
• Copulation with additional cut-tongues provides closer contact between rootstock and scion.

Grafting is used to propagate the best, including decorative varieties of mulberry.

Mulberry planting

When choosing a place to plant, it is important to know the features and preferences of the mulberry tree. Unpretentious culture, able to tolerate almost any growing conditions. But in order to achieve a high yield of mulberry, you should know the optimal criteria for growing.

A sun-loving and drought-resistant plant is ideally suited for a well-lit place, protected from direct exposure to northern winds.

The soil is preferably loose, fertile, like sandy loam or loam. By planting a mulberry tree on shaky, sandy soil, we can achieve its strengthening due to the formation of adventitious tree roots. Heavy loamy soil can be "lightened" by laying a layer of broken bricks on the bottom of the planting hole as artificial drainage.

Mulberry can also grow on saline or waterlogged soils, but the yield will be much lower. You should also beware of areas with a close occurrence of groundwater, in order to avoid rotting of the perennial root system.

Depending on the purpose of planting a mulberry tree in your area, the distance between the seedlings is also determined. With decorative bush plantings, the distance between plants is small (about 0.5-1 m), and in order to obtain high yields - 5 times more.

Planting mulberry seeds

• Dried seeds can be sown immediately in the fall. To do this, in pre-fertilized moistened soil, shallow grooves (3-4 cm) are made, where the seeds are sown. Mulching the beds after sowing will prevent the seeds from freezing in winter. The next autumn, the grown seedlings are transplanted to a permanent place, maintaining a distance between plants of at least 3-5 m. After 5-6 years, young trees will be able to please the first harvest.
• In the case of spring sowing, in order to increase germination, seeds are stratified in winter, thus hardening them before planting. Given the shallow dormant period of mulberry seeds, gardeners practice sowing them without prior stratification. In this case, before sowing, the seed material is soaked for 2-3 days in water, periodically draining it and adding fresh water. After soaking, under the influence of positive (about 30-35 ° C) temperatures, the seeds will give friendly shoots.
• To prepare seedlings from seeds, they are sown in light and nutritious soil, to a depth of 1 cm. Pre-soaking in a growth stimulator will only improve the germination process. At a temperature of 20-22°C, friendly shoots appear. After that, the container is transferred to a more lit place with a slightly lower temperature (15-19°C). In the spring, when the soil warms up sufficiently by the sun's rays, the seedlings are planted on pre-fertilized beds with an interval of 5 m. In the middle lane, this period falls on April.

Planting mulberry seedlings

• Mulberry seedlings are planted in open ground in spring (when the buds have not yet opened) or in autumn (in September-October), keeping a distance of at least 5 m between seedlings or other trees.
• For planting, pits of 0.5 x 0.5 m are prepared, filling them by a third with humus, bulk manure or compost. You can also use complex fertilizer.
• Spread the roots, sprinkle with earth, trample down, compacting the soil around the seedling. The root neck of the seedling should not be buried in the soil.
• Water the young plant abundantly, and mulch the soil around it to prevent it from drying out. In the future, caring for seedlings comes down to regular watering, loosening, weeding and fertilizing.
• If the seedling is thin, it is necessary to tie it to a wooden peg.

Ready-made mulberry seedlings can be grown or bought in specialized garden stores, markets or fairs. Mulberry roots are quite delicate and fragile, which is important to consider when buying and planting seedlings. The purchase of a time-tested, 3-year-old mulberry tree, which has already pleased with the first offspring, will guarantee the acquisition of a female fruit-bearing seedling.

Mulberry Care

Growing a mulberry tree will require the gardener to perform the usual agricultural practices: watering, loosening, weeding, top dressing, pruning and protection from pests and diseases.

Watering the mulberry tree

Regular watering is important during the initial development of the plant and its active vegetative growth. Drought-resistant, mulberry culture does not need constant and frequent watering. To improve its frost-resistant qualities, gardeners recommend "hardening" the tree in the summer. To do this, in June-July, the mulberry tree is watered and fertilized, after which these manipulations are stopped, thus preparing the plant for the upcoming state of rest and temperature changes.

Do not forget about the periodic loosening of tree trunks around the trees and the timely removal of weeds.

Mulberry dressing

The main feeding of the plant is carried out during the period of bud break, by applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer - nitroammophoska at the rate of 50 g per 1 sq. m of land. If necessary, the next top dressing is carried out in the first half of summer, when diluted manure (1:5) or bird droppings (1:10) are added along with irrigation. After July, it is no longer worth feeding, so that the mulberry tree does not stimulate the formation of new shoots, which, most likely, will not have time to fully form and die when cold weather sets in.

Mulberry pruning

Mulberry is a tall plant and in nature can reach up to 20-30 m in height. Naturally, it is inconvenient to have such a tall tree in a garden plot, so gardeners carry out limiting crown cutting. Pruning also helps to speed up the fruiting process and increase yields (fruit enlargement).

• In the first few years of plant development, pruning is carried out to form a crown. Then sanitary and rejuvenating pruning is carried out, removing dry, old and internal branches that thicken the crown.
• Branches are pruned during a period of partial or complete dormancy: in the spring, before bud break, formative and rejuvenating pruning is carried out, and in late autumn - sanitary.
• Gardeners practice the formation of a bushy form of mulberry, about 3 m high. To do this, at about 1.5 meters in height, the apical shoot is cut off and the main skeleton of 8-10 branches is formed, cutting off all unnecessary shoots in the future.
• Each type of mulberry tree has its own characteristics when pruning branches. The weeping form of the mulberry tree requires periodic thinning of the crown and shortening of the shoots, which recover quickly enough. To create a spherical crown, careful shaping of all branches will be required, followed by constant maintenance of a given shape.

Harvesting mulberries

• Mulberry seedlings ripen very unevenly when both ripe and still green berries are present on the same branch.
• Considering that numerous mulberry berries are small in size, but at the same time they easily crumble when ripe, they most often harvest by laying a film or a blanket under the tree. The fruit ripening period of the mulberry tree is long, often extended up to 1.5 months.
• Harvest begins at different times: from May to August, depending on the variety and climatic conditions.

Pest and disease control

The mulberry is resistant to diseases and rarely gets sick. As a preventive measure, in early spring or late autumn, the tree is treated with a trunk circle, special fungicides and insecticides.

The use of mulberry

Not everyone is familiar with the many-sided valuable properties of the mulberry tree. It turns out that it is not only used for food and used in the production of silk, mulberry has medicinal properties and is used in various areas of human life.

Use as food

Probably, everyone has long been familiar with delicious sweet mulberry berries, white, black or pink. Fleshy, juicy, with small, almost imperceptible, bones, these berries are also very useful. They contain not only valuable for the body vitamins A, C, B1, B2, B6, K, folic, ascorbic, pantothenic acids, but also a number of important trace elements (Na, Cu, P, Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca, etc. .).

Favorite delicacy - mulberry fruits, are used not only fresh. Berries are used to make jams and jams, compotes and jelly, they make candied fruits, fruit molasses, wine and even mulberry vodka.

Dark-colored mulberries are used as food coloring (those who have tried berries at least once remember how difficult it is to wash their hands of its juice later).

For medicinal purposes

Almost all parts of the mulberry, from the root to the berries, contain a variety of biologically active substances with medicinal properties.

Mulberry berries normalize metabolism, the activity of the cardiovascular and digestive systems. Berry juice has a diaphoretic, anti-inflammatory and expectorant (with a thinning effect) agent. Due to its bactericidal properties, mulberry infusion is used in the treatment of tonsillitis and stomatitis.

A decoction of the tree bark is used as an effective anthelmintic, as well as a wound healing agent, and an infusion of leaves is used to lower blood pressure.

Mulberry root is used as an expectorant, thinning viscous and thick sputum.

In cosmetology, cosmetic masks for the face, hair and skin of the hands are prepared from mulberry fruits.
Despite the world-famous medicinal properties of mulberry, without the recommendation of a doctor, you should not use it on your own. In addition, there are a number of contraindications and individual intolerance to the plant.

In landscape design

Given the varietal diversity of the mulberry due to its attractive decorative appearance, exotic trees are also actively used in landscape design. Gardeners plant the plant both in group plantings, as a hedge, and separately, focusing on the features of the crown, the original shape of the leaves and branches of the mulberry. So, for these purposes, weeping, golden, spherical, pyramidal, dissected mulberries are most often grown.

Resistance to polluted atmosphere, unpretentiousness during planting and further care of the plant, allows the cultivation of mulberry trees for landscaping industrial areas and gassed urban areas.

For the manufacture of silk and in other areas

As you know, mulberry leaves are the main food for the silkworm used in the production of natural silk.

A valuable species of mulberry wood is used in the manufacture of musical instruments, furniture products, durable wooden barrels.

Thus, it would seem that a seemingly simple tree - a mulberry tree, is not just a garden crop, but also a plant that is most valuable to humans. And the ease of care and cultivation of mulberries will allow anyone, even a novice gardener, to replenish the garden collection with this useful crop.

Mulberry tree, photo

Video: "Planting and caring for mulberries"

Mulberry is a tree from the mulberry family. There are more than 160 species of this plant in the world. The most common are the black mulberry, which is considered to be native to Southwest Asia, and the white mulberry, which grows mainly in the eastern regions of China. But the color palette of fruits is much richer: they can be red, yellow, pink, dark purple.

This plant has several names: mulberry, mulberry, mulberry. The benefits of its fruits have been known to people for more than one millennium. In Chinese medicine, there are recipes for medicinal potions based on the use of fruits, bark, leaves, and mulberry roots. They are used for cardiovascular diseases, anemia, hypertension, diabetes and other diseases. In addition, in China, young mulberry leaves serve as food for silkworm larvae.

The mulberry tree loves a hot climate, but feels good in temperate, tropical and subtropical climates, can tolerate low temperatures. It is common in many parts of Russia, from the Black Sea coast to Sakhalin, as well as in Europe, Africa, and Asia.

Mulberry is a photophilous and heat-loving plant. With the expansion of the natural habitat, it exhibits frost resistance. Mulberry tolerates frosts down to -30 degrees.
The plant is tall, reaching 20 meters in height, with a wide crown. Spherical forms of mulberry are more common. The tree is considered long-lived. Its age on average can reach 150-200, and individual specimens live up to 400 years.

Mulberry leaves are simple, lobed, with serrated edges. Small-sized fruits are called polydrupes. Their diameter is from 1 to 4 centimeters. These are fruit nuts that outwardly resemble the blackberries we are used to. Their shape is cylindrical, spherical, conical. And their taste depends on the variety. There are sour-sweet and sugar fruits. All of them emit a light pleasant aroma.

Yields can be very high. So, one tree under favorable climatic conditions can produce about 200 kilograms of berries. The period of their maturation may be different in different places of growth. On the territory of Russia, some varieties begin to bear fruit in the middle of summer, but mostly the crop is harvested in August.

There are a huge number of varieties on the planet, which are named according to the color of the fruit: black, white, red, yellow, pink, dark purple mulberries.

Mulberries: description and chemical composition

Mulberry fruits have a refreshing, pleasant taste. Due to their delicate texture, it is difficult to transport them over long distances. Therefore, mainly residents of those areas where this plant grows can enjoy fresh berries of the mulberry tree. Mulberry tastes like raspberries.
The beneficial properties of mulberry have long been known. The berry contains a large number of chemical compounds useful for the body. The composition of the fruits of the mulberry tree contains:

• vitamins C, A, B, K and others;
• iron, potassium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus, sodium, copper;
• flavonoids;
• antioxidants;
• proteins;
• carbohydrates;
• organic acids;
• alimentary fiber.

Fruits serve as an excellent source of ascorbic acid. 100 grams of mulberry contains about 35 grams of vitamin C. It is a strong antioxidant. Therefore, the use of fresh berries is the key to activating the body's defenses, resistance to inflammation and infections. In addition, antioxidants fight free radicals.

Berries are high in a substance called resveratrol, a powerful antioxidant. Its most important property is the ability to prevent strokes and vascular diseases. With the use of this antioxidant compound, the production of nitric oxide, which has a vasodilating effect, increases. Blood vessels relax, which reduces the risk of strokes and other diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Other antioxidants that make up mulberries are vitamins A, E, zeaxanthin, lutein. All of them are important for human health, as they help neutralize the oxidative effects of free radicals, protect against diseases and slow down the aging process.
Mulberry berries also contain anthocyanins, which can prevent the development of tumors, inflammation, diabetes, and also protect the body from the development of bacterial infections.

Another useful substance contained in mulberries is iron. 100 grams of fruit includes 1.85 mg. Iron is a valuable element that affects the composition of the blood and improves the transport of oxygen to the organs. The richer the color of the mulberries, the more iron they contain.

Like many other fruits, mulberry is rich in fiber. It is useful for digestive processes, preventing constipation, spasms. In addition, due to the use of fiber, the level of cholesterol in the blood decreases.

Mulberry species

In our country, two types of mulberry are most common: white and black.
The white variety is cold hardy. Due to this, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bits growth is wide. In addition, the foliage of the tree is very delicate. It serves as food for caterpillars. The bark is thick and gray in color.

The black mulberry has coarser foliage. For this reason, it is not suitable for feeding silkworm larvae. Iran, or Persia, is considered the birthplace of the black mulberry, from where this plant spread several centuries ago to many areas of the globe. It is more thermophilic, although modern varieties bred by breeders are able to tolerate frost.

Differences between white and black mulberries

White mulberry berries have a slight sourness. Compared to black fruits, they are not as sweet and at the same time less high-calorie. Therefore, white mulberry is recognized as a useful dietary product. Fruits can have not only white, but also yellow, pinkish color. Sometimes they are dark.

Black mulberry is superior in taste to its “brother”. Outwardly similar to blackberries, it has a sweet taste. Sourness is felt to a lesser extent in comparison with white mulberry.
The chemical compositions of the varieties also differ. White berries contain more carbohydrates. Black mulberry is rich in organic acids.

Useful and medicinal properties of mulberries

• Mulberry fruits, thanks to the iron they contain, help to improve the production of red blood cells in the human body. This activates the metabolism.
• Berries contain zeaxanthin, which has a beneficial effect on the cells of the eyeball. The substance slows down age-related changes in the organs of vision, helps to avoid the appearance of cataracts.
• Since the fruits of the mulberry tree are rich in calcium, iron and vitamin K, they are an excellent tool for strengthening bones, accelerating the healing of fractures, and preventing osteoporosis.

Useful properties of white mulberry

White mulberry berries are recommended for those people who suffer from diseases of the cardiovascular system or have problems with the functioning of the liver.
Berry juice is a good anti-inflammatory agent. It is rich in vitamin C and potassium. This has a beneficial effect on the immune system. In addition, white mulberry berries are recommended for children, as they serve as a prevention of rickets. And they can benefit men who have problems in the genital area.

Healing properties of black mulberry

The tree is common in the southern regions of our country. The beneficial properties of mulberry are used in the treatment and prevention of colds, as it helps to increase sweating, as well as disorders of the digestive system. The fruits relieve heartburn and also act as a laxative.
Black berries differ from white berries in an increased concentration of iron.

Contraindications to the use of berries

The only contraindication to the use of mulberry fruits is individual intolerance. The product is not allergenic. When using it, it should be borne in mind that you can not drink cold water at the same time as the berries, as this can cause diarrhea and cramps.
In addition, people with diabetes should eat berries with caution in order to prevent a rapid increase in blood sugar levels.

Fresh mulberry lovers can easily grow their own. Plant seedlings are sold in gardening stores and nurseries. The tree is unpretentious, tolerates arid climate and frost. And in the summer months it gives a rich harvest of tasty and healthy berries.

The mulberry, also known as the mulberry, is a deciduous tree that is fruitful, juicy, with fleshy berries. The tree got its name for the love of silkworms for its leaves, which, by the way, are their main food. Well, the wood of this tree is used in the manufacture of musical instruments and wine barrels.

However, the most popular product of the tree are these same berries. They have a lot of useful properties and can help to cope with many ailments, ranging from a mild cold to heart defects. Read below to learn how to take advantage of all the beneficial properties of the plant.

Chemical composition

Mulberries are 85 percent water. They contain ash, fats, carbohydrates, dietary fiber. The calorie value of the berries of the plant is 50 calories per 100 grams.

These berries are extremely rich in all sorts of useful substances. So, the fruit contains vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin K and the incredibly rare vitamin PP. As for useful minerals and trace elements, then in the berry you can find potassium, calcium, iron, sodium, phosphorus, manganese, selenium, zinc and other substances.

The berries of different types of mulberry differ somewhat in composition. So, in black mulberry there is more iron and organic acids, while in white there are more carbohydrates.

Medicinal properties of mulberry

Due to its composition, mulberry has a number of useful properties. So, due to the high content of iron and B vitamins, it stimulates hemoglobin production and general hematopoietic function of the body. The berry also contributes strengthening the heart and blood vessels, and it is often used in the treatment of atherosclerosis, arrhythmias, tachycardia and heart defects.

Do not forget about the choleretic, diuretic and mild laxative effect of the fruit. Moreover, if you use unripe berries, due to the abundance of tannins contained in them, you can achieve the opposite effect, which will undoubtedly be useful for diarrhea. In addition, mulberries stimulate the activity of the pancreas and stimulate digestion. Mulberry can also be used for bronchitis, acute respiratory infections and asthma. Fruits are also useful for brain activity and help with nervous strain, depression and insomnia.

In addition to berries, the bark of the roots and leaves of the tree are used. The leaves of the tree are often used to fight diabetes, as well as prostatitis. In turn, the cortex is able to lower blood pressure and speed up the recovery of damaged tissues.

Application in traditional medicine

Given the unique composition of mulberry and all its beneficial properties, traditional medicine simply could not ignore the mulberry. Juices, syrups, decoctions, infusions, tinctures and even healing ointments are prepared from the plant. Moreover, not only berries are used, but also the bark and even the leaves of the tree. Below are a few recipes from each part of the tree.

Fruit juice and syrup

Mulberry fruit syrup or mulberry doshab is a national Caucasian dish. Delicious and incredibly healthy, this dish is an excellent immunomodulatory agent that helps with bronchitis and other inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. In addition, such a syrup stimulates the production of blood and red cells, and also helps stress and nervous tension.

Syrup preparation:

1. We sort and wash the mulberries under running water;
2. Pour the fruits into a saucepan and knead them so that they give juice and do not burn;
3. We put the pan on a slow fire and cook the berries for half an hour;
4. After thirty minutes, remove the pan from the heat and filter the juice through cheesecloth or a sieve;
5. If you wanted to get mulberry juice, you can stop at this step;
6. In order to get the syrup, cook it over low heat until it is reduced to one third of the volume.

The classic version of this recipe does not involve the use of sugar, since the berries are quite sweet on their own. However, if you want to speed up the process, you can add some sugar. With sugar, the resulting syrup does not have to be boiled for a long time. The main thing is not to overdo it with the amount of sugar, otherwise the syrup will turn out to be very cloying. For one kilogram of mulberry, you should never add more than half a kilogram of sugar.

leaf decoction

A decoction of mulberry leaves is an effective expectorant and diuretic. In addition, it can be used to disinfect wounds and cuts, as well as to relieve swelling. You can prepare a decoction according to the following recipe:

1. We collect, wash and carefully grind the leaves of the mulberry tree;
2. We dry the leaves, after which we take a dessert spoon of raw materials and fill it with half a liter of water;
3. Bring the water to a boil, then let the broth brew for half an hour;
4. We filter the broth and use it in the amount of fifty grams before meals;
5. For disinfection and scarring of wounds, we use the decoction externally.

bark decoction

A decoction of mulberry bark is a traditional Chinese recipe. This drug is used to treat diabetes, kidney failure and hypertension. In addition, it is useful for potency and increases sexual desire. The decoction is prepared as follows:

1. We take three grams of dry and crushed mulberry roots;
2. Pour them with a glass of boiling water and boil for twenty minutes over low heat;
3. Next, let the broth brew for an hour and add the evaporated water;
4. The decoction is taken one third of a glass three times a day.

Infusion of fruits

An infusion of mulberry berries is a delicious and incredibly useful remedy. It is often used to treat acute respiratory problems and makes an excellent laxative. In addition, the fruit infusion is valued for its mild sedative effect. Recipe:

1. We take four hundred grams of berries, wash them well and sort them out
2. Grind the fruit into a bowl
3. Add two cups of chopped mulberry leaves to the gruel and mix thoroughly
4. Pour the mixture with a glass of boiling water
5. Let the mixture infuse for five hours.
6. We use two to three tablespoons before meals.

leaf infusion

An infusion of mulberry leaves has powerful expectorant and mucolytic properties and is indispensable in the treatment of acute respiratory diseases such as tonsillitis, bronchitis and even asthma. The leaf remedy also has antipyretic properties and a mild sedative effect. To prepare the infusion, follow the following recipe:

• We take a bunch of mulberry leaves, wash, grind and dry them;
• Pour two tablespoons of dried and crushed raw materials with a liter of boiling water;
• Cover the drink with a lid and let it brew for an hour;
• We drink one glass of infusion, three times a day, half an hour before meals.

In addition, an infusion of the leaves can be used as drops for conjunctivitis and as a rejuvenating compress for the skin around the eyes. You can also use this product for rinsing your hair after washing or as a facial tonic.

Infusion of the bark

Mulberry bark medicine has a lot of useful properties and is an incredibly effective blood thinner. In addition, the infusion helps with bronchitis, bronchial asthma and acute respiratory diseases. Below is a recipe for such an infusion:

• We take 50 grams of dried bark;
• Fill it with a liter of cold water and insist for an hour;
• After an hour, put the product on a slow fire and heat for fifteen minutes, not bringing to a boil;
• Let the infusion cool, then filter;
• We take one glass, three times a day, for five days. The course is repeated three times, with a break of three days.

Mulberry tincture is truly a universal remedy and can cure many ailments. So, it normalizes metabolism, helps with intestinal diseases, and also cleanses the liver and kidneys of sand and toxins. In addition, mulberry tincture will help normalize sugar levels in diabetes, strengthen the cardiovascular system, and even help improve eyesight. It helps a lot with angina and can even remove worms. You can prepare this truly miraculous remedy by following the recipe:

1. We take four hundred grams of berries, wash them well and sort them out;
2. Grind the fruits into gruel;
3. We take a glass of water and pour two hundred grams of sugar into it;
4. Boil sweet water until all sugar is dissolved;
5. We cool the resulting syrup and mix it with berries ground into gruel;
6. Add half a liter of vodka to the mixture and mix thoroughly;
7. Pour into a suitable glass container and tightly cork it;
8. We put the bottle with the future tincture in a dark, cool place. Once every few days, shake the contents of the bottle so that the beneficial substances are more evenly distributed in the mixture;
9. In a month, the tincture will be ready for use.

The resulting tincture has a spicy aroma and taste and is not very strong, about 30 degrees. A similar drink is stored for three years.

Ointment

Mulberry ointment is an excellent remedy for the treatment of various diseases and skin lesions. It is able to cope with not too severe burns and suppuration, and also significantly increases the rate of regeneration in case of cuts. As for skin diseases, a similar ointment is often used for dermatitis and eczema.

You can prepare mulberry ointment according to this recipe:

1. We take the dried roots of the mulberry tree and grind them in a coffee grinder;
2. Pour two tablespoons of the obtained raw material with vegetable oil in the amount of 100 milliliters;
3. Thoroughly mix the mixture until it becomes homogeneous;
4. We insist the mixture in the refrigerator throughout the day;
5. We treat the affected areas of the skin 4-5 times a day.

Application during pregnancy

Mulberry berries are an excellent source of nutrients for pregnant women. Moreover, due to its composition, mulberry has a very beneficial effect on the growth and development of the fetus. However, despite all its useful properties, you should not abuse berries. This is primarily due to the diuretic properties of the plant. And increased urination, as you know, puts a strain on the kidneys, which is highly undesirable during pregnancy. The daily norm of this berry is about 300 grams.

It is also important to note that the fruits must be handled well before consumption to avoid infection. Before use, it is best to pour boiling water over them. Also, in raw form, it is desirable to use only fresh berries. If they stand at least one day in the refrigerator, they will lose most of their beneficial properties. It is best to cook compote from them, or use one of the recipes indicated in this article.

Pregnant women should never eat unripe fruits. This can lead to upset, bloating, constipation, and even poisoning.

Contraindications

Fortunately, mulberry and preparations based on it have almost no contraindications. Only people with individual intolerance to the components of the berry and a tendency to allergies should beware of it. Berry is a fairly powerful allergen. However, this does not mean that you can just sit down and eat a bucket of berries. Sweet and juicy berries are a natural laxative and can lead to serious indigestion. Especially if you use them on an empty stomach or drink them with cold water.

Diabetics and hypertensive patients need to monitor the amount of berries consumed. When overeating mulberries, sugar rises very sharply and blood pressure rises. A preliminary consultation with a doctor is welcome before using the berry and preparations based on it.

The young plant is characterized by rapid growth, which, as the deciduous culture matures, slows down and stops at around 10-15 m. The leaves are alternate, simple, often lobed, with serrated edges. The plant blooms in May.

The fruits are complex compound and fleshy drupes. Their length does not exceed 20-30 mm. Standard coloring can vary from pronounced red to dark purple, there are varieties with white fruits. Some types of mulberry form edible sweet fruits with a pleasant smell.

The plant is very durable. A tree can grow in one place for two hundred years or more. Reproduction is allowed by means of sufficiently small seeds. In home gardening, mulberry or mulberry, also known as tyutina, is often propagated vegetatively, by green cuttings.

Main types

Most often, in the conditions of home gardening, ornamental mulberry is grown on boles of different heights, and in recent years, other varieties of this crop have also attracted interest.

Photo gallery

Popular varieties

The best varieties of mulberries are successfully grown by gardeners in the Moscow region and nearby areas, as well as in Belarus, Ukraine and central Russia. The most unpretentious and resistant varieties are perfectly adapted for cultivation in the Urals and Siberia. The leaves of this species are bare below, sometimes with the formation of characteristic warts. The formation of slightly heart-shaped leaves makes the varieties of this species quite interesting in terms of landscape design.

Mulberry: planting and care (video)

Slightly less often in home gardens and garden plots there are varieties belonging to the species M. Nigra and others. Such plants are quite thermophilic and even in the southern regions may need high-quality preparation for the winter cold.

Among the decorative forms of particular interest for landscape design are pyramidal mulberry, bushy mulberry, golden mulberry and dwarf remontant mulberry (M. nigra Everbearing), grown in container culture.

Reproduction technology

In the conditions of home gardening, several very effective and fairly simple ways of propagating different types of mulberry are practiced.

Landing Rules

You can plant a mulberry tree in almost any area, due to the absolute undemanding nature of the plant to the composition of the soil. However, in order to obtain maximum yield, seedlings are best placed on fertile soils with an acidity level in the range of 5.5-7.0 pH. Almost all types of mulberries prefer well-lit areas.

Proper fit is based on the following guidelines:

• planting seedlings can be carried out both in spring and in autumn;
• planting holes must be prepared in advance and correspond to the size of the root system of the plant;
• at the bottom of the planting pit, it is required to create a high-quality drainage layer that prevents the root system from getting wet.

After planting, young plants need to be watered abundantly, and also tied to supports for the correct direction of growth.

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