Seedlings of white and cauliflower differences. The difference between cauliflower seedlings and white cabbage. Early and late cabbage

Spring comes and the time comes when you have to decide what and how much to plant in your garden. On their land, gardeners grow a variety of vegetables, cereals, legumes and many other crops. Cabbage in this list always occupies a significant place, since without it it is difficult to imagine many delicious dishes. Therefore, when the warm period of spring comes and it's time to plant cabbage, and the gardener could not grow his own seedlings, the question arises of choosing high-quality planting material. Each gardener approaches this matter differently: some buy the cheapest one, some the first one that comes across, and some carefully inspect each plant. In all cases, it is difficult to get a good harvest from the selected seedlings, since there is no guarantee of the quality of the planting material. Therefore, in order to choose high-quality planting material, the gardener must know how to choose good cabbage seedlings.

The choice of seedlings of cabbage according to external signs

Cabbage seedlings are selected only by external signs, and this, in most cases, is quite enough. The main external signs of high-quality cabbage seedlings include:

Seedlings of cabbage with a lilac-green color of the stem (legs) are better than light green(a sign of excess nitrogen).
Pure green cabbage seedlings(a sign of excess nitrogen) in most cases has an unformed root system(does not fit well) than with a purple tint, in which the root system is well developed.
Plants with round leaves will produce heads of cabbage that are round, sometimes slightly flattened. Plants with oval-oblong leaves also produce oval heads of cabbage, slightly oblong.

How to determine where is early and where is late cabbage

It is easy to determine from the stems and leaves of seedlings whether it is early or late cabbage. These signs include:

A thin and short stem (leg) of seedlings from the root collar to the first leaves and small leaves indicate that this is an early cabbage. From such seedlings, it will be possible to obtain small heads of cabbage with short stalks.
A thick and short stem (leg) of seedlings from the root collar to the first leaves and rather large leaves indicate that this is an early cabbage. From such seedlings it will be possible to get large heads of cabbage with short stalks.
A thick and rather long stem (leg) of seedlings from the root collar to the first leaves and large leaves indicate that this is a late cabbage. From such seedlings it will be possible to get large heads of cabbage with long stalks. In this case, the head of cabbage will be loose and non-compact.
A thin and long stem (leg) of seedlings from the root collar to the first leaves and small leaves indicate that this is a late cabbage. From such seedlings, it will be possible to obtain small and compact cabbages with long stalks.

Which seedling is better to choose on the market

In addition to determining the qualitative external features, it is important to pay attention to the packaging and strength of the seedlings:

Listen to the radio broadcast:

Cabbage Chinese and Beijing. (Mikhail Vorobyov)

It is better to pack purchased seedlings in a damp cloth and strong paper. If you bought seedlings in a plastic bag, then it is better to immediately repack it, that is, wrap it with a damp cloth and wrap it with strong paper on top.
No need to buy seedlings that are firmly tied in separate bundles of 10 pieces. Thus, the seller can hide the poor root system and the fragility of the seedlings.
Seedlings do not need to be applied tightly to each other, that is, a damp cloth should not be tightly tightened around the bunch of seedlings.
In no case, acquired cabbage seedlings should not be put in water, as the root system suffers greatly from this.

Choosing cabbage seedlings is not as easy as it might seem at first glance. With a large variety of planting material on the market and unscrupulous sellers, you can often buy a "pig in a poke". Therefore, you need to buy seedlings from trusted sellers, and preferably from friends, neighbors or relatives. This will allow you to be more or less confident in the future harvest. In most cases, it is still possible to determine the quality of seedlings, but this is impossible with a variety, so this parameter is based purely on trust in the seller. In most cases, resistant varieties of cabbage are grown, which are not whimsical in care and grow quickly. Therefore, you do not need to buy seemingly varietal, but expensive seedlings, which may turn out to be ordinary.

Unique information about cabbage. Read

The general principle of preparing seeds, soil and growing seedlings of cauliflower is the same as for white cabbage (see Sowing white cabbage and caring for seedlings). Below, only the individual features of cauliflower agricultural technology will be considered in detail.

Approximate age of cauliflower seedlings for central Russia:

for early varieties and hybrids - 25-60 days,
for mid-early - 35-40 days,
for late - 30-35 days.

Sowing seeds is done:

early varieties and hybrids - from 5 to 30 March,
mid-early - from April 10 to May 10,
late - from May 25 to June 10.

Terms of planting seedlings in open ground:

early varieties and hybrids - from April 25 to May 15,
mid-early - from May 20 to June 15,
late - from July 1 to July 10.

Such an age "scatter" when growing seedlings of early varieties and hybrids is not accidental. To obtain the earliest finished product from the end of June or the first days of July in open ground, the maximum possible age of seedlings is required - 50-60 days. It is planted at the end of April, early May, often under temporary cover with a film. This seedling for better survival is grown only in pots. Then comes the time for 40-45 day old seedlings of early cabbage, which take root more easily and already have the potential to give a higher yield. But to achieve the maximum yield of early ripening varieties and hybrids is possible only when planting 20-25 day old seedlings, here the largest heads of high quality are obtained.

Unlike white cabbage, cauliflower has a less developed root system. This cabbage is even more moisture-loving and demanding on soil fertility. The bulk of the roots is located in a soil layer of 25-40 cm. For growing seedlings, it is better to use the pot method without picking. However, it has been noticed that during early spring and spring planting, seedlings grown with picking and without picking, in the future, give almost the same yield. But during the summer time for planting seedlings, the potted method without picking has a significant advantage, especially in dry seasons. Plants take root better and develop a more powerful root that goes deep into the soil.

For spring-summer and summer-autumn crops with growing by winter, you can use the potless method of growing seedlings. For the Moscow region, the optimal sowing time is from the end of April to June. For growing by winter, crops are carried out in 2-3 stages from mid-June to July 10. For better survival, seedlings are planted at a younger age with 3-4 true leaves.

In the northern regions, due to the shorter warm period, it is more expedient to grow cauliflower seedlings older than 50-60 days old. In this case, the feeding area of one plant should be slightly increased to 7x7 or 8x8 cm.

During the cultivation of seedlings, there should be no stops in growth, otherwise there is a danger of shooting. This is especially common in early cabbage when planting adult seedlings.

Seedless growing method for the south

For dry regions, the less common seedless growing method can also be used. In this case, the root system is not as branched, but more deeply penetrating into the soil. Seeds are sown directly into the ground with a distance between rows of 45-60 cm, depending on the characteristics of the variety or hybrid and soil fertility. When the first two true leaves appear, thinning is carried out, leaving 10-15 cm between plants in a row. Final thinning is done in a phase of 5-6 leaves, leaving 15-20 cm between plants on highly fertile soils, and 20-25 cm on less fertile soils. Thinning should be carried out in well watered soil. With careful carrying out of this event, the root system of the uprooted plants is well preserved and the best of them can be planted in the places of dead plants or in another plot.

Care during the growing period

Since cauliflower is a very moisture-loving plant, the optimum soil moisture throughout the entire growing period should be in the range of 70-85%. It is very important not to allow the soil to dry out during the seedling period, as this leads to the formation of a small head or even to a complete loss of yield due to the rapid transition of plants to the flowering phase.

An equally important factor is the observance of temperature regimes. During the period of growing seedlings, the temperature should not be allowed to drop below +8 ° C for a long time, 10 or more days. Otherwise, a rapid transition of the plant to the flowering phase may occur, without the formation of a dense commodity head. Temperatures above +20 ° C for 10 or more days, especially at night, provoke seedling extension and the formation of small, loose, rapidly decaying heads.

The optimum temperature before germination is +21...+23 o C, then +10...+12 o C for 5 days. After the seedlings get stronger and become stocky, the temperature is gradually increased to +16...+18 o C in sunny weather and +13...+15 o C - in cloudy weather. At night, the temperature is maintained within + 10 ... + 12 ° C.

As already mentioned, cauliflower is more demanding on nutrition than white cabbage. This must be taken into account from the very beginning, i.e. at the seedling stage. With a lack of trace elements in the seedling period (especially when grown in a pot without picking), regardless of the conditions for further cultivation, the cabbage forms ugly heads or does not form them at all. It is especially sensitive to the lack of boron and molybdenum.

With a lack of molybdenum, cabbage grows deformed leaves and does not proceed to the formation of a head.

With a lack of boron, vitreous spots form on the heads, which become brown in color. Under these spots, voids soon form up to the very stalk, covered from the inside with a black crust.

To avoid such troubles, during the period when the first true leaf appears in the seedlings, it is watered directly over the leaves with a complex fertilizer containing trace elements.

Some literary sources say that when feeding cauliflower seedlings, the doses of mineral fertilizers per feeding are increased by 1.5 times compared to the doses for white cabbage seedlings. During the growing period (depending on the age of the finished seedlings), she is given 2-3 top dressings. Here I will take the liberty of disagreeing. To obtain more uniformly developed seedlings and tissues in plants, it is still better to carry out 1-2 additional top dressings with a solution of normal concentration, simply reducing the period of time between top dressings a little. For 30-day-old seedlings, 2 top dressings are enough, 35-40 days - 3, 45-50 days - 4, for 55-60 days - 5.

The first top dressing is given 10 days after picking, or in the phase of the first two true leaves with a potless method of growing seedlings. The second and subsequent top dressings are given with an interval of 10 days. Regardless of the age of the seedlings, the final dressing is given 3-4 days before planting in open ground. It is best to alternate organic and mineral top dressing with each other.

In addition to the main dressings, cabbage is given 3 foliar top dressings with microelements. The first - in the phase of 1-2 true leaves, the second - in the phase of 5-6 true leaves and the third - when the cabbage forms a head the size of a walnut. For 1 liter of water, dilute 0.5 tablets of microelements or 0.5 tsp of complete fertilizer with microelements and spray the plants on the leaf. Depending on the age of the plants, the consumption of the working solution is 30-60 ml/m 2 (3-6 l/hundredth). You can use liquid microfertilizers for these purposes, for example, Uniflor micro, MicroFe or others. If complex fertilizers with microelements are used for basic dressings, then additional top dressing with microelements can be omitted.

First dressing.

For 10 liters of water: 10 g of ammonium nitrate, 20 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potash fertilizer. Consumption: 150-200 ml per pot, or 8-10 l/m2 for potless growing.

Second and subsequent top dressing any of the following solutions:

For 10 liters of water: 20 g of ammonium nitrate, 50 g of superphosphate, 10 g of potash fertilizer.
For 10 liters of water: 0.5 liters of mullein or chicken manure.

Consumption: 150-200 ml per pot, or 8-10 l/m2 for potless growing.

In the absence of mullein and chicken manure, you can buy dry granular chicken manure, liquid extract of cow manure "Biud", or liquid extract of horse manure "Biud", "Bucephalus", "Cowry" in stores.

Top dressing before planting seedlings: for 10 liters of water: 30 g of ammonium nitrate, 80 g of superphosphate, 20 g of potash fertilizer.

If the seedlings are well developed, then you can give such a solution: for 10 liters of water, 40 g of superphosphate and 20 g of potassium fertilizer.

Consumption: 150-200 ml per pot or 8-10 l/m2 for potless cultivation.

When growing seedlings in a potless way (for example, in seedling boxes without internal partitions between plants), the soil between plants is cut along and across the rows 3-5 days before planting. This technique, in combination with the above "top dressing before planting seedlings", contributes to the formation of an extensive root system.

Literature:

1. Cabbage. //Book series "Homestead farming". M. "Rural news", 1998.

2. Matveev V.P., Rubtsov M.I. Vegetable growing. M.: Agropromizdat, 1985. 431 p.

3.Andreev Yu.M., Golik S.V. Growing cauliflower using growth regulators // Bulletin of the vegetable grower. 2011. No. 4. S. 13-20.

The vegetable is not difficult to grow. Compliance with just a few rules of planting and care will provide the summer resident with a cabbage crop sufficient for the family. One of the components of the harvest is the right choice of variety.

Number of warm, sunny days (length of actual, not calendar, summer in your area).
Conditions for the use of the future harvest (fresh, for conservation, for long-term storage).
The volume of the planned harvest.

The first criterion is important because different varieties of cabbage require different ripening periods. The choice of the optimal ripening period, as well as the method of planting (seedling or seedless) depends on the duration of summer.

The second criterion is taken into account when the intended use of the crop is assumed - harvesting for the winter and storage until spring, salting or fermentation, fresh use during the summer, for salads and first courses.

The third criterion directly depends on the variety. The most productive varieties are winter ones, provided there are enough warm days and the heads are fully ripe.

The aging range is from 70 to 120 days, counting from the emergence of seedlings.
Application, in mainly current seasonal cooking (fresh salads, saltworts, cabbage rolls, soups, raw and cooked side dishes and main dishes). Early ripe cabbage can be fermented, but it will not be stored for a long time - it will become soft and lose its "crunch".
It is unsuitable for winter storage.
Medium-sized heads of cabbage should be removed at an early stage of ripening; when overripe, they crack.
The yield of early ripe cabbage is low.

Features of early cabbage

Early cabbage has a peculiarity. Unlike late varieties, early varieties have a much narrower range of flavors. Among hundreds of varieties, only a specialist can distinguish one from another in taste, juiciness, crunchiness and other parameters. Not being "cabbage sommeliers", summer residents nevertheless identified for themselves the most popular varieties among the early ones and successfully grow them on their plots.

TOP-10 early ripe varieties

"June"

The name of the variety speaks for itself. You can collect heads of cabbage already at the end of June, since the ripening period is 90-100 days. The fruit is round, elliptical, medium density, head is not loose. The stalk is through, the sizes of heads of cabbage are small, but they are quite heavy - two or more kilograms. Productivity - up to 5 kg per m².

By the way! The variety is characterized by increased cold resistance, can withstand for a short time up to -5 ° C. Therefore, it is suitable for outdoor cultivation. Seedlings in the ground can be planted early (early May).

The peculiarity of the variety is that all forks ripen almost simultaneously and of the same size. High marketability, green-green leaf color. Harvesting must take place on time, otherwise the forks will crack.

White cabbage "June"

In structure and taste - the leaves are quite tender, juicy. High content of vitamin C. Applied fresh.

Advice! To prevent the heads of June cabbage from cracking before harvesting, minimize changes in temperature (shelter for the night, if necessary) and soil moisture (observance of the watering regimen).

"Cossack"

An early ripe hybrid that, in comparison with non-hybrid varieties, has several advantages.

Disease resistant.
High yielding.
Heads of cabbage do not crack.

Its "official" name is "Kazachok F1". The leaf rosette is raised. With a trunk height of up to 30 cm, the diameter of the head can be up to 18 cm. The shape is slightly flattened. Coloring for white varieties is not typical. Outside, the leaf is greenish-gray and covered with a waxy coating. The inside of the head is white and creamy, juicy and crunchy. The stalk is not through, not longer than 6 cm.

Vilok ripens in time closer to medium varieties - up to 112 days. But with small and rather light heads (no more than 1.2 kg in weight), more than 4 kg of heads of cabbage are harvested per square meter.

By the way! Increased selective resistance to bacteriosis, blackleg and other damaging factors makes it possible to obtain high-quality forks and excellent presentation.

This hybrid is cold hardy. It can be planted in unprotected soil at a fairly early date (mid-May). The simultaneous readiness of the crop provides the possibility of its quick single harvest. The variety is intended for fresh use.

"Parel"

Cabbage "Parel F1"

The variety must be in your garden collection of early ripe cabbage plantings. Its yield is up to 5 kg per square meter. Grown in open ground. It is very early in terms of ripening - ready on the 95th day.

Flattened heads of cabbage are medium in size, but by weight they manage to grow up to 2 kg in 3 months. Color - deafish-green with a barely noticeable white bloom. The stalk is medium in size.

They are not subject to long-term storage, but if necessary and under conditions, they can be stored for up to two months. Mostly used fresh and processed. The density of the head above average makes it possible to transport it without damage over long distances.

By the way! This variety contains so much vitamin C that it is recommended for the diet of sick and debilitated people, as well as baby food.

This variety is a real cabbage "bestseller" among the early ones. He has time to ripen, especially with early planting, and has a high yield, and is stored, if not until spring, but for a couple of months for sure. To grow, to accelerate fruiting, "Parel" can be grown in protected ground.

"Dietmar Early"

This variety is really early - it matures in 105 days. But it has a high risk of cracking. Round-shaped heads of medium density are small in size and weigh up to one and a half kilograms (two with successful care).

The stump is half, very small and inconspicuous. The leaves are bright green, delicate, soft silk texture. The taste is close to Beijing. The yield for such a small-fruited variety is excellent - up to 5 kg per m².

It is not stored for a long time, it is used immediately after harvest or for canning. Heads of cabbage ripen well and almost simultaneously.

Advice! As soon as technical ripeness has come, the crop must be harvested - otherwise the degree of cracking may be higher than 90%.

Plants are resistant to bacterial rot, clubroot and other cruciferous problems.

This species has many fans, since it has a high yield (up to 7 kg per square meter). Head of light green color, sizes are higher than standard (weight up to 2.5 kg). Ripening period - 110 days.

Resistant to keel, dry climate. Unfortunately, other diseases and pests affect it very actively, so it is necessary to take preventive measures in time.

Heads are dense. Can be stored up to five months. Used fresh and for all types of canning.

Advice! The peculiarity of the variety is high demands on the soil. It will grow well only in fertile soil. Chernozem and regular plentiful top dressing are preferable.

Actually does not crack. Not afraid of untimely cleaning. Protracted harvesting for the state of consumer, and not technical ripeness, is practiced before laying for autumn-winter storage.

The variety came from Denmark, but in terms of quality it is not inferior to domestic selection. Considered very good. Early - ripens in 100 days. Small size stalk.

The peculiarity of the variety is a short shelf life, literally 3-4 weeks. Heads of cabbage up to 2.5 kg. Average yield - up to 4.5 kg per square meter.

By the way! This variety is not known for such problems as shooting, cracking of heads.

High cold resistance and ability to tolerate light frosts. Cabbage is sown for seedlings in early March, and seedlings are moved to the ridge in mid-May.

The density is medium, without voids. Not subject to cracking. The color of the sheet is standard green on the outside - the inside is yellow-white. It is best, to guarantee, to grow this "musketeer" in greenhouse conditions. Seedlings are recommended to be sown and grown at home, and transferred to a greenhouse two months before the expected technical ripeness. The taste of heads of cabbage is high, marketability is also at its best.

By the way! This variety is more than all other early varieties suitable for thickened crops. If you have little space in your garden, choose Dumas for planting early.

It is also a hybrid, medium-early variety, ripening is complete in 110 days. A small rounded head of medium density, weighs no more than one and a half kilograms.

Liked by consumers for the following properties:

crop stability;
high productivity;
good return of fruits;
simultaneous maturation;
crack resistance.

This variety can be sown for seedlings not only at home, but also in a greenhouse, starting in March, and planted in open soil at the end of April. The attractive color of the outer sheets is green with white. The interior is pure white. Rich taste, characteristic density, resistant to infections. It is used for direct consumption in culinary processed and fresh form, little is stored in pickled form.

Under this name, two varieties have been bred - the Zarya MS variety and the Zarya F1 hybrid. The hybrid form has more advantages. The heads are medium-sized, reach two kilograms, the shape is leveled.

Ripening period - 110 days. The leaves of the head are grassy green on the outside, but with a waxy coating, they are smooth and glossy in appearance and touch.

Salads and main dishes, soups, hodgepodges - this culinary "gift" of excellent taste is not suitable for pickling, pickling, canning. It is also stored for a short time, a maximum of a month.

The variety bears fruit actively, abundantly and almost simultaneously. Since the heads of cabbage are resistant to cracking, they can be stored on the vine for up to two weeks.

"Malachite"

Hybrid early species, matures in 100 days. Heads of cabbage are even, with high and persistent taste characteristics, up to two kilograms in weight.

Marketable fruits, the degree of transportability of which is high. The technical density of the head is slightly below average, the soft juicy leaf is green on the outside. On the cut - white with yellowness.

White cabbage "Malachite"

It can be grown both seedling and seedless. Doesn't crack. It has a yield of up to 6 kg per square meter. Can be used fresh or canned.

By the way! The fruits of this variety contain not only a lot of ascorbic acid, but also sodium, magnesium, potassium, calcium, other salts, iron and even silver.

Growing early ripe cabbage

growth conditions

White cabbage of an early variety needs certain conditions.

Placing on a sufficient area, at least 0.5 m² per plant.
Fertile soil.
Unshaded sunny area.
In the role of predecessors: root crops, legumes, onions, pumpkin and cereals.

Advice! If you want to get a stable harvest for fresh use, and for harvesting, and for storage, plant 3-4 varieties of different ripening dates.

Features of care

For early varieties, care is needed more thorough and scrupulous. They are more often damaged by pests, react more actively to changes in temperature and water conditions. They suffer from weeds.

Preparing the soil in advance, increasing fertility (fertilizing), deep digging.
Growing seedlings - for guaranteed early harvest.

cabbage seedling
Weeding and loosening the soil, watering with warm water, regular top dressing.
Prevention of pests and timely anti-infective treatment.
Harvest on time, avoiding overripe and cracking of the forks.

Growing algorithm

Video - Planting cabbage

Video - Growing early cabbage

By value and protein composition, cauliflower is close to chicken meat. It is perfectly absorbed, without causing treacherous gases. As complementary foods, it is prescribed even for infants. There are three times more ascorbic acid and protein in cauliflower than in white cabbage. In a word, some pluses. But not everyone can grow cauliflower! What is the secret?

1. Landing dates. It is not necessary to sow cabbage early! You can sow from mid-April. If planted too early, when there is still little light, the plants will stretch. Do not expect good harvests from such seedlings!

2. It is better to sow in separate containers. Cauliflower does not like transplants.

3. Temperature regime. Cauliflower is more thermophilic than regular cauliflower. If white seedlings are grown in cold greenhouses (on arcs), then colored ones need a warmer place. Cauliflower seedlings need to be grown at home or in stationary greenhouses. The desired temperature is 15-17 degrees.

3. Soil acidity. The soil for seedlings should be neutral. To be sure of this, add ash (half a half-liter jar to a bucket of earth) or dolomite flour.

4. Disinfection of the soil. A couple of days before sowing, the soil must be shed with Fitosporin or potassium permanganate. Pickle the seeds in hot potassium permanganate (50-55 degrees) for 20 minutes. (Seeds purchased with a colored shell, do not process).

5. Terms of planting seedlings. Cabbage is planted in the ground at the age of 30-35 days. But if at this time there is a strong cooling, then it is better to wait a little. Cauliflower planted in cold weather does not produce large heads.

6. Planting depth. When planting in the ground, it is important not to bury the seedlings. Plant it to the cotyledon leaves, not deeper! Often there is a desire to deepen overgrown plants. This is a mistake, the plants will not give a large head of cabbage. It is good to add ash or dolomite flour to the hole.

7. Watering. The root system of cauliflower is more superficial, which means it is more sensitive to lack of moisture and changes in soil moisture. Do not allow the soil to dry out even for a short time. The soil must be mulched to retain moisture.

Moisture stagnation should also not be allowed. If the soil is heavy and takes a long time to dry out after rain, cauliflower is planted in raised beds.

Unlike ordinary cabbage, which likes to be watered over the leaves, cauliflower is watered under the root. When water gets on the head of cauliflower, it darkens.

8. Top dressing. Under planting, you need to make compost, not manure. Manure contains a lot of nitrogen, which stimulates leaf growth (good for white cabbage). And in color, the inflorescence is used for food. Potassium and phosphorus are needed for the development of the inflorescence. Therefore, it is necessary to choose fertilizers where there is little nitrogen (you can not apply it at all),

but a lot of phosphorus and potassium.

Cabbage is very sensitive to chlorine, therefore, not potassium chloride or potassium salt, but potassium sulfate (or potassium sulfate) should be used as a potash fertilizer. Ash can also be used as a source of potassium - 2-3 cups per 1 sq. M or a good handful per hole.

Cauliflower should be fed at least three times, and preferably every two weeks.

9. Trace elements. For good development, cauliflower needs boron and molybdenum. With a lack of boron, the heads are loose, with dark spots. Complex fertilizers with microelements or boric acid are applied (at the tip of a teaspoon in a bucket of water).