What does a dermatovenereologist treat in men. What does a dermatovenereologist check. What Happens in the Specialist's Office

This doctor specializes in identifying the causes and selecting the treatment of various skin diseases and genital infections. A consultation with this specialist may be needed if there are unpleasant symptoms of a developing disease or for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.

What diseases does a dermatovenereologist deal with?

To know who a dermatovenereologist is is necessary for every modern person. There are a huge number of diseases that this specialist is engaged in the treatment of. These include:

• Diseases of the organs of the reproductive system of viral etiology: human papillomavirus infection, genital herpes;
• Nonspecific infectious diseases of the reproductive system: inflammatory processes of the genital organs caused by streptococci, staphylococci, Escherichia coli and other representatives of pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora (the doctor treats urethritis, cystitis, colpitis).
• Genital candidiasis.
• Gonorrhea.
• Chlamydia.
• Trichomoniasis.
• Syphilis.
• HIV infection.
• Skin diseases of various localization (they can also be treated by a dermatologist).

Since the range of pathologies treated by a dermatovenereologist is very wide, it is better for everyone to know who he is and what he treats. This information can be very helpful if you experience symptoms of the above conditions. Children often suffer from skin diseases, so parents should consult a pediatric dermatovenereologist in a timely manner, who will select the best course of treatment for the child.

When to contact a specialist

Self-medication of sexually transmitted diseases is highly undesirable, as this can cause serious damage to your reproductive health. It is for this reason that it is necessary to consult a dermatovenereologist when such alarming symptoms appear:

• discomfort during urination;
• the appearance of rashes or neoplasms on the external genitalia;
• the appearance of discharge from the urethra in men;
• pathological discharge from the vagina (in women, the doctor checks not only the presence of discharge, but also the condition of the walls of the vagina and cervix);
• pain during intercourse;
• fever and general malaise in combination with one or more of the above symptoms.

Information about what a dermatovenereologist treats will help you immediately contact the right specialist if the first symptoms of the disease occur. If you are worried about the condition of your hair, nails or skin problems, then it is better to immediately contact a dermatologist who deals exclusively with such cases.

Features of the appointment with a dermatovenereologist

Going to this specialist will be somewhat different from going to a therapist or doctor of any other specialty. First, the doctor will ask the patient in detail about the complaints, the onset and course of the disease, but the doctor will receive the basic information after a comprehensive examination of the patient. When visiting a dermatovenereologist, some are worried that he is looking and studying the condition of the genital organs.

Embarrassment during the examination by a specialist is completely inappropriate and postponing a visit to the doctor for this reason can be dangerous for your health.

Reason for contacting a dermatologist-venereologist:

• rash on the skin and mucous membranes, which may be accompanied by itching.
• itching, rashes or ulcers on the external genitalia, their unpleasant odor
• swollen lymph nodes in the groin.

What does a dermatologist-venereologist treat:

• skin diseases: psoriasis, various types of lichen, viral dermatitis, etc.
• sexually transmitted diseases, which are currently called STDs (sexually transmitted diseases): chlamydia, trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, genital herpes, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital warts and papillomas.

Diagnosis by a dermatovenereologist

So, what kind of studies should be expected at the appointment with a dermatologist-venereologist? First of all, this is a visual examination of the skin and, if necessary, the genitals, as well as the collection of anamnesis (your complaints). When choosing a doctor, remember that a good specialist can already make the correct diagnosis at this stage. But without taking tests, nevertheless, you still can’t do it, they are needed to confirm the presence of a particular disease. If sexually transmitted infections are suspected, you will be referred for a special swab or blood tests for infections. Not all of the sexually transmitted diseases have severe symptoms, most can be latent. And this is the main essence of tests for sexual infections - they reveal even the minimum amount of a pathogenic pathogen in the body. If the result of the examination of the patient and his complaints exclude the presence of STDs, but there are specific skin lesions, skin scrapings are taken. Also, the doctor of the clinic of venereology and dermatology will direct you to biochemical and clinical blood tests.
Treatment depends on the specific problem and is prescribed strictly individually. The arsenal of paid dermatology includes both traditional and modern methods of treatment: drug therapy, laser treatment, ozone therapy, plasmapheresis, hirudotherapy, etc.

Do you have unfounded suspicions of the presence of skin and venereal diseases? Our

What does a dermatologist do?

Predisposing factors for the development of folliculitis include:

• skin contamination;
• increased sweating;
• mechanical trauma and skin friction;
• violation of the endocrine balance of the body;
• immunodeficiency states.

Furuncle and carbuncle

Unlike folliculitis, boils and carbuncles can develop fever.

Hydradenitis

Impetigo

The cause of impetigo is purulent staphylococci ( group A beta hemolytic streptococcus).

Impetigo can affect the area around the nail ( superficial felon), corners of the mouth ( zaeda, crevice impetigo), mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, conjunctiva ( mucosal impetigo).

Ectima

erysipelas

Phlegmon

Lichen

There are the following types of lichen:

• Simple lichen of the face ( dry streptoderma) - the disease is caused by streptococcus, develops mainly in children in the autumn-winter period ( period of weathering and hypovitaminosis) and manifests itself as large scaly spots of pale pink color on the face, while the face becomes, as it were, “powdered”.
• Lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory presumably autoimmune) disease of the skin and mucous membranes of the mouth and genital organs ( less often nails and hair are affected). Red or purple nodular rashes with a waxy sheen form on the affected area. The skin becomes bumpy, rashes take on various forms ( arc, oval, rings), there is peeling, scales, which are separated with difficulty.
• Ringworm is a fungal infection of the hair trichophytosis, microsporia);
• versicolor ( pityriasis versicolor) is a mildly contagious fungal skin disease that most often occurs in young and middle-aged people. The causative agent of the disease are yeast-like fungi. Multicolored lichen appears as rounded spots of different sizes of light brown color ( color "coffee with milk"), which are located on the skin of the chest, abdomen, back ( less often - on the neck and limbs) and have clear boundaries. The spots may grow and merge with each other. With light scraping, the surface of the spots peels off. The scales are so small that they resemble bran ( hence the second name of the disease - pityriasis versicolor). Under the influence of sunlight, these spots do not darken, they stand out as white foci ( leukoderma).
• Shingles- a viral disease of the skin and nervous tissue, which is caused by the herpes virus type 3 and manifests itself in rashes with the formation of quickly opening painful itchy vesicles along the affected nerves. Most often, the intercostal nerves are affected, and the rash is located along the ribs, hence the name "shingles". Recurrences are usually not observed.
• Pink lichen Gilbert ( pityriasis) - an infectious disease caused presumably by herpesvirus types 6 and 7). On the skin of the body along the Langer lines ( lines in the direction of which the skin is most stretchable) pink spots are formed, and the first spot is the largest and is called the parent spot. The spots quickly begin to peel off, itching is noted. The disease resolves on its own within 4 to 5 weeks, regardless of medication.
• Vidal's simple chronic lichen ( limited neurodermatitis) - a neuro-allergic disease in which there is very strong itching, rashes against the background of red spots with peeling of the skin, traces of scratching.
• Deprive in diseases of internal organs- lichen amyloid, lichen myxedema, lichen atrophic ( scleroderma).

Keratomycosis

Keratomycosis includes the following diseases:

• colorful ( pityriasis) lichen- the formation of "coffee with milk" spots on the skin, which turn white when exposed to sunlight;
• nodular trichosporia ( piedra) - a disease of the hair cuticle, in which areas of white or black color are formed on the hair, while the hair acquires a stony density ( "piedra" - stone).

Dermatomycosis

There are the following types of dermatomycosis:

• mycosis of large folds is a fungal infection of the inguinal folds ( inguinal epidermophytosis), as well as interdigital surfaces of the feet ( athlete's foot) caused by the fungus epidermophyton;
• mycoses of the feet, hands and trunk- this is rubrophytosis and trichophytosis ( with damage to the hands and feet, the nails are partially affected);
• mycosis of the scalp- microsporia, trichophytosis and favus.

candidiasis

There are the following forms of candidiasis:

• oral mucosal candidiasis including lips and tongue);
• genital candidiasis ( genital candidiasis);
• nail candidiasis onychomycosis) and periungual fold ( paronychia);
• candidal diaper rash ( in the interdigital folds of the hands and feet, under the mammary glands, in the inguinal and intergluteal folds);
• candidiasis of the internal organs ( pharynx, esophagus, intestines, bronchi and lungs).

herpetic infection

There are the following types of herpes:

• herpes simplex- is caused by the human herpes virus type 1 and is manifested by severely itchy painful blisters on the lips, in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe wings of the nose, on the oral mucosa during or after an acute respiratory infection ( SARS);
• genital herpes- is caused by the herpes virus type 2 and is manifested by painful rashes in the genitourinary organs, while the vesicles quickly open and erosions form, which are covered with crusts;
• herpetic felon- herpetic eruptions on the fingers, occurring mainly in medical workers ( dentists, anesthesiologists), which are in contact with the mucous membranes of patients with herpes;
• herpes of newborns- observed in children who become infected with the herpes virus, passing through the birth canal of the mother.

Warts

There are the following types of warts:

• simple warts- Painless dense papillary formations of skin color, with a bumpy surface, which form in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe hands and feet ( sometimes in the knee area);
• flat ( youthful) warts- are formed on the face and hands, their elevation above the skin is insignificant, and the surface is smooth, therefore they are called flat;
• plantar warts- are formed on the plantar surface of the feet, sometimes they are confused with corns, since they cause pain when walking;
• subungual warts- are formed under the free edge of the nail plates of the fingers, less often the feet, and therefore, the free edge of the nail rises;
• genital warts ( venereal warts) - finger-shaped protrusions on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes of the urinary organs ( glans penis, urethra, labia, vagina, cervix, groin and anus).

Scabies

Contact dermatitis can be caused by:

• physical factors- friction, pressure, high and low temperatures, all types of radiation, electric current and more;
• chemical factors- acids, alkalis ( soaps, skin care products), topical drugs, plant juices ( poison ivy), insects and other factors.

Allergic dermatitis

Eczema

Eczema can be caused by:

• chemical substances;
• physical factors;
• medications;
• food products;
• autoimmune reactions of the body.

Atopic dermatitis ( neurodermatitis)

Toxic-allergic dermatitis

Toxidermia can be manifested by the following symptoms:

• patchy rash- vascular, pigmented or hemorrhagic spots, the surface of which is smooth and flaky;
• hives- there is a blister on the skin ( edema), itching, burning;
• angioedema- when an allergic edema occurs in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, their lumen is almost completely closed, and an asthma attack develops.

Psoriasis

Pemphigus ( pemphigus)

Pemphigus causes the following symptoms:

• blisters form on the skin, after opening of which erosion appears;
• the top layer of the skin begins to peel off and separate in the form of brown crusts, under which ulcers form;
• bad breath;
• increased salivation;
• pain when chewing food.

Duhring's disease

seborrhea

Seborrhea has the following manifestations:

• shiny skin- in places where a large amount of fat is released, the skin becomes shiny and moist;
• black dots- pores clogged with sebaceous plugs ( ducts of the sebaceous glands);
• whiteheads- sebaceous cysts in the form of small yellow-white vesicles;
• dandruff- severe flaking of the scalp;
• greasy hair- after washing the hair, they are quickly saturated with fat and begin to shine.

acne

There are the following types of cheilitis:

• contact cheilitis- occur when irritants come into contact with the lips ( cosmetics, irradiation, high or low temperatures, electric current and other factors), while bubbles are formed, which quickly open, exposing the erosive surface;
• allergic cheilitis- occur with repeated exposure to an allergic factor on the lips ( lipstick, toothpaste, dental substances, citrus fruits, exotic fruits, cigarettes, chewing gum), while in place of the opened bubbles, crusts and scales form;
• exfoliative cheilitis- occurs as a result of an obsessive state in which a person constantly licks his lips, as a result, the lips become dry and crusted, and the patient complains of burning and sore lips;
• glandular cheilitis- occurs due to anomalies of the small salivary glands, while red dots appear on the border of the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips ( orifices of dilated salivary glands), from which droplets of saliva are released, and with a long course, whitish rings appear ( areas of leukoplakia);
• symptomatic cheilitis- damage to the lips with atopic dermatitis, when taking certain medications ( retinoids), in infectious diseases ( herpes, streptoderma, candidiasis, tuberculosis, syphilis) and hypovitaminosis ( deficiency of vitamins A, B, C).

Skin pigmentation abnormalities

There are the following types of skin pigmentation disorders:

• Freckles- small pigment spots of a round or oval shape that appear on the face, neck, hands. Freckles appear in summer and disappear in winter. The appearance of freckles is due to hereditary predisposition.
• Chloasma ( melasma) - Larger, compared with freckles, age spots that have irregular outlines. They can be light brown, dark yellow or dark brown. Chloasma appears symmetrically on the forehead, around the eyes, on the cheeks, above the upper lip in women aged 30-35 years. The occurrence of chloasma is associated with changes in the hormonal background during pregnancy, taking birth control pills, with impaired liver function or the presence of a hereditary predisposition.
• Moles ( nevi) and birthmarks- congenital or acquired skin marks that are usually darker than the rest of the skin. The color of birthmarks can be red, brown, black, purple. Moles may rise above the surface of the skin. Their appearance is due to hereditary causes, hormonal disorders, radiation, viruses and other factors. Most moles are harmless, but with frequent rubbing, they can develop into a malignant skin tumor.
• Lentigo- a benign pigment spot of yellow color. Lentigo can be senile, childish and youthful solar and hereditary. Lentigo rarely becomes malignant.
• Leukoderma- areas of the skin that differ from the rest of the skin in a lighter shade, due to a lack or complete absence of melanin pigment in them. Leukoderma patches may be round or irregular, depending on the cause. Most often, discoloration occurs after inflammatory processes ( post-inflammatory leukoderma) or exposure to chemicals on the skin ( professional leukoderma). A special form of leukoderma is the necklace of Venus - a symptom of syphilis in the form of irregularly shaped white foci in the neck and chest.
• Vitiligo ( piebald skin, white spot disease) - this is the appearance on healthy skin of white depigmented spots that tend to grow and merge. Often the discolored patches appear symmetrically. The hair in the area of ​​the spots may retain its color, and may also become discolored. Depigmented areas are very sensitive to ultraviolet rays, under the influence of which their redness and swelling are observed ( erythema). The disease begins in childhood and progresses with age. The cause of the disease is unknown.

skin tumors

The most common types of tumors are:

• Kaposi's sarcoma- a malignant tumor that develops from the endothelium of blood vessels in the skin. Irregularly shaped red or brown spots with clear edges form on the skin of the legs and feet, which then turn into nodules and large plaques.
• Skin lymphomas- arise due to the formation of a large number of lymphoid cells in the skin, are of a malignant nature. Scaly patches appear on the skin with a nodular rash or erosions;
• Melanoma- a malignant skin tumor from cells that produce the pigment melanin ( melanocytes). Areas of hyperpigmentation in melanoma have black blotches, irregular shapes, clear edges and slightly rise above the surface of the skin.
• Pigmented xeroderma- dystrophic changes in the skin, which are caused by intolerance to sunlight and often acquire a malignant form;
• Lipoma- a benign tumor in the subcutaneous fat, which consists of fat cells.
• Hemangioma- a benign tumor of the blood vessels.

Syphilis

Gonorrhea

With gonorrhea, the following complaints occur:

• purulent or mucous discharge from the vagina or from the urethra;
• itching, burning or pain during urination.

Chlamydia

Urogenital chlamydia causes the following complaints:

• mucopurulent discharge from the vagina or urethra;
• spotting between periods;
• pain during intercourse;
• itching, burning, pain when urinating;

Trichomoniasis

With trichomoniasis, the following complaints occur:

• gray-yellow, frothy discharge from the genital tract or urethra with an unpleasant odor;
• itching, burning in the genital area and urethra;
• soreness during sexual intercourse;
• excretion of blood with semen;
• erosions or ulcers on the skin of the glans penis;
• pain in the perineum or lower abdomen.

Mycoplasmosis

Mycoplasmosis can cause the following complaints:

• purulent or mucous discharge from the urethra or vagina;
• itching, burning in the vulva, perineum;
• pain during intercourse;
• itching and burning during urination;
• spotting between periods.

Donovanose

chancroid

At the site of introduction of Ducrey's streptobacteria, a very painful ulcer is formed, which has an irregular round shape and rapidly increases in size. After 1-2 months, in the absence of complications, the ulcer scars.

How is the appointment with a dermatologist?

During the appointment, the dermatologist asks the patient about his complaints, examines the affected area and the entire skin, touches and scrapes the skin.
As a result, the doctor determines the dermatological status of the patient - the condition of his skin. To determine the extent of rashes, a dermatologist examines the skin under oblique light in a dark room ( transillumination).

Sometimes a dermatologist can make a diagnosis and prescribe treatment already at this stage, but in most cases, for an accurate diagnosis, the doctor will need test data ( blood test, stool test). Even if the patient has previous test results, in some cases more recent information may be required.

What symptoms are most often referred to a dermatologist?

Symptoms to Seek to a Dermatologist

What research does a dermatologist do?

Research methods conducted by a dermatologist

What methods does a dermatologist treat?

A dermatologist prescribes several types of therapy:

• local therapy- this is the application of drugs directly to the lesion;
• general or systemic therapy- this is the intake of drugs orally or their administration intramuscularly and intravenously;
• physiotherapy- the impact of physical methods on the lesion.

Methods for the treatment of skin diseases

The mechanism of the therapeutic action of medical and physiotherapeutic methods for the treatment of skin diseases

The help of a dermatologist is also necessary in cases where a skin disease is not an independent disease, but a symptom and form of another disease. In these cases, his consultation is carried out, and recommendations for treatment are taken into account. For example, with tuberculosis, scleroderma, lupus erythematosus, skin lesions are observed, but the diseases are systemic, that is, they affect the entire body, so treatment cannot be limited to eliminating only visible symptoms on the skin.

Other subspecialty dermatologists

Attention. These include discharge of uncharacteristic specifics from the genitals, itching in, a white tint in the mouth and the appearance of various types of skin rashes. Also, it is imperative to visit a specialist if there are signs such as pain and burning during urination, pain of varying intensity in the groin, discharge from the vagina or from the urethra, menstrual irregularities in the beautiful half of humanity, increased urge to urinate, pain in the testicles in the stronger sex.

The initial examination of a dermatovenereologist includes the doctor's determination of the type and specifics of the disease, as well as certain tests that will help determine the cause of the disease. Accordingly, based on the results obtained, the specialist will prescribe the specific treatment required in this case. As a rule, with disturbing demodicosis, its diagnosis is carried out in several stages. First, the dermatovenereologist conducts an examination and takes special scrapings for analysis. After the results are ready, the doctor draws up an individual treatment regimen, including the use of medications, diet and special skin care.

Therapeutic therapy for acne is also used after appointment by a specialist during the first appointment with the necessary studies to determine the cause of acne. A very important condition for the successful treatment of acne is the examination by an endocrinologist. After passing the tests, the dermatovenereologist will draw up a treatment regimen for the skin of the face and head, which will eliminate the causes that caused this disease.

There is a list of certain tests that are relevant when visiting a dermatovenereologist: a blood test for the presence of allergens, antigens, antibodies; smear on flora; allergological panel; scraping - microscopy, PCR; sowing on the flora for sensitivity to antifungal antibiotics and medicines. There are also the main diagnostic methods: examination for vaginal candidiasis, dermatoscopy, PCR and smear microscopy.

It should be remembered that the infection can often be asymptomatic. Therefore, persons leading an active sexual life must necessarily carry out preventive examinations, which include comprehensive laboratory examinations.

Many patients are wondering what tests should be taken by a dermatovenereologist in order to identify the cause of the problems?

The choice of diagnostic methods largely depends on what complaints the patient came to the appointment with.

Often the doctor uses the following methods of diagnostic search:

• blood is donated for various allergens, the presence of antibodies or antigens;
• a smear is taken from the genital organs to study the microflora;
• a scraping is made from the skin and genital organs, which is later examined using PCR or

• when pathogens are detected, antibiotic cultures are performed to determine their sensitivity to drugs;
• dermatoscopy is performed, which allows a targeted study of pathological areas of the skin (used for differential diagnosis of various neoplasms).

Depending on what the dermatovenereologist treats, he may also refer the patient to general urine and blood tests. Sometimes a biopsy and other more complex diagnostic studies are required. Each patient, depending on his illness, selects his own range of techniques that will most accurately establish the diagnosis.

How to prepare for an appointment with a dermatovenereologist

Especially if it became necessary to visit a doctor of this profile for the first time?

For the initial reception, no serious measures are required.

Necessary:

• take with you to the appointment all the tests for the last six months, even if they were given to search for diseases of a different profile;
• write down on a separate piece of paper or remember, in order to list the doctor, the name of all the drugs that were prescribed by another physician or are taken independently;
• refuse to use any ointments, creams, gels and solutions before taking at least 24 hours;
• if there are problems with nails, then before taking them, it is recommended not to cut them for at least 3 days, so that there is material for testing;
• it is recommended to choose comfortable clothes that will easily provide the doctor with access to the affected skin area for examination and diagnostic measures, if necessary;
• since a blood test may be required, it is recommended to stop eating fatty foods.

Proper preparation for the appointment will save both the patient and the doctor from unnecessary difficulties.

What does a dermatovenereologist do at the appointment?

First of all, of course, the doctor conducts a survey of the patient. Clarifying what the person is complaining about, how long ago the symptoms appeared, how the patient thinks they can be provoked. A detailed collection of complaints and anamnesis of life is an important part of the diagnostic search and may influence the treatment. Therefore, it is recommended to answer the doctor's questions as completely and in detail as possible, without hiding anything.

Also at the reception:

• the patient is examined, special attention is paid to the affected areas;
• the results of diagnostics and treatment that were carried out earlier are examined;
• an examination plan is drawn up, according to which a further search for the cause of the disease will be carried out;
• biomaterial is taken for analysis, including blood, skin scrapings, nails.

If a dermatovenereologist is for children, then he talks about the patient’s state of health mainly not with the child, but with his parents. However, if the child is of a conscious age, it is more expedient to question him. Since he will be able to more fully describe his complaints.

A dermatovenereologist who treats skin and venereal diseases is one of the most important specialists. He should visit not only when symptoms of the disease appear, but also for preventive purposes. The doctor will help to notice the symptoms of a developing disease in a timely manner. He will select his therapy, not allowing the pathology to progress!

Remember that neglected venereal and skin diseases are much more difficult to treat than those diagnosed in time.

When identifying diseases of the skin and genital organs, contact competent dermatovenereologists.