If a newborn has an open oval window in the heart, a pediatric cardiologist explains. An open foramen ovale has been identified in a child or an adult: the causes of its appearance, diagnosis, treatment, important questions for patients Oval window in the heart in an adult

Any problems with a child's heart frighten parents and cause worries, especially if they are congenital malformations. However, among cardiac pathologies in childhood, there are also very serious, life-threatening, and not so dangerous ones, with which a child can live quite normally. The second also includes an open oval window (abbreviated as LLC).

An open oval window is not such a terrible diagnosis for a child and his parents

What is it

This is the name of the structural feature of the septum inside the heart, which is present in all children during fetal development and is often detected in a newborn. The thing is that in a fetus, the heart functions a little differently than in a baby or an adult.

In particular, in the septum that separates the atria, there is a hole called the oval window. Its presence is due to the fact that the lungs of the fetus do not work, and therefore little blood enters their vessels. The volume of blood that in an adult is ejected from the right atrium into the veins of the lungs, in the fetus passes through the hole into the left atrium and is transferred to the more actively working organs of the baby - the brain, kidneys, liver and others.

A small valve separates such a window from the left ventricle, fully maturing by the onset of labor. When the baby takes his first breath and his lungs open, after which blood rushes to them, which is accompanied by an increase in pressure inside the left atrium. At this moment, the oval window is closed by a valve, and then it gradually fuses with the septum. If the window closes ahead of time, still in utero, it threatens with heart failure and even death of the child, so the presence of a hole is important for the fetus.

The window between the atria can close even by 5 years

Closing the window occurs in different children in different ways. In some, the valve grows to it immediately after birth, in others - during the first year, in others - by the age of 5. In some cases, the size of the valve is insufficient to close the entire oval window, which is why the hole remains slightly open for life, and blood in a small volume is periodically discharged from the small circle into the systemic circulation. This situation is observed in 20-30% of children.

A foramen ovale that has not closed completely after birth is not considered a defect in the septum that separates the atria, as the defect is a much more serious problem. It is considered a congenital defect, and LLC is classified as a minor anomaly, representing only an individual feature. With a septal defect, the valve is completely absent and blood can be shunted from left to right, which is a health hazard.

A PDO that does not close over time is a congenital heart disease

The reasons

Most often, an unclosed foramen ovale in a child's heart is associated with a genetic predisposition, which in most cases is transmitted from the mother. Other reasons for the appearance of LLC are adverse effects during gestation:

Bad environmental situation.
Nicotine.
Stress.
Narcotic substances.
Alcohol.
Medicines prohibited during pregnancy.
Malnutrition.

Quite often, the non-closure of the oval window is noted in children who were born much earlier, as well as in the presence of intrauterine growth retardation in full-term babies.

In the next video, you can see how the blood circulation and heart activity of a child should normally change before his birth.

Symptoms

If the open valve is an isolated problem and the child has no other heart defects, the clinical picture is rather poor. You can suspect LLC in a baby by:

Detection of palpitations.
Changes in the color of the nasolabial triangle (it turns blue or gray) during feeding or crying.
shortness of breath.
Bad appetite.
Little weight gain.

Preschoolers and school-aged children may have problems with exercise tolerance and frequent inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system.

A schoolchild with LLC gets tired quickly and needs a strict daily routine with alternating loads and rest

In adolescence, when the body is actively growing and hormonal changes occur, LLC in children manifests itself:

Weakness.
Sensations of interruptions in the heart rhythm.
Increased fatigue.
Episodes of dizziness.
Periodically appearing causeless fainting.

Diagnostics

You can suspect the presence of LLC in a baby after listening to the heart with a stethoscope. If the doctor hears systolic murmurs, he prescribes an ultrasound for the child, since this method is most preferable for detecting the oval window. Pathology is often detected during a routine echocardiography performed in all children at 1 month. In some cases, to clarify the problem, the baby may be prescribed a transesophageal ultrasound, as well as angiography.

Ultrasound signs of an open oval window are:

Size up to 5 mm.
Position in the middle of the septum.
Hole visualization inconsistency.
Detection of a valve in the left atrium.
Thinned interatrial septum.

You can see what LLC looks like on ultrasound in the next video.

Komarovsky's opinion

A well-known pediatrician confirms that the oval window is open in almost all newly born babies and in 50% of them it remains open until the age of 2. But even at the age of 2 to 5 years, the presence of such a window in the heart is considered a variant of the norm, which practically does not affect the well-being and health of the child.

Komarovsky emphasizes that this is not a heart defect and in most children the window closes on its own in the first years of life without any intervention from doctors.

Treatment

If there is no pronounced clinic and problems with the work of the heart, which is especially common in the presence of PFO, no medical treatment is required. The child is recommended measures that are important for the overall strengthening of the body:

Walks in the open air.
Balanced diet.
Proper distribution of loads and rest during the day.
hardening procedures.
Physiotherapy.

If there are complaints from the heart, children are prescribed drugs for myocardial nutrition and vitamins. Most often, babies are prescribed l-carnitine, ubiquinone, panangin and Magne B6.

The most effective treatment for PFO is the insertion of a patch into the right atrium.

If PFO is combined with other defects, the child is treated by a cardiac surgeon, since surgery is often required. One of the effective measures with an open oval window is the introduction of a probe with a patch into the child's femoral vein. When the probe reaches the right atrium, the patch is applied to the window and closes it. While it will resolve within a month, the processes of formation of connective tissue are activated in the septum, as a result of which the oval window closes.

Forecast

Many parents worry that a "hole in the heart", as they call LLC, will threaten the child's life. In fact, such a problem is not dangerous for the baby, and most children with an open window feel quite healthy. It is only important to remember some restrictions, for example, in relation to extreme sports or professions in which the load on the body increases. It is also important to examine the baby every 6 months with a cardiologist with an ultrasound study.

If the foramen ovale remains open after the child's fifth birthday, it is most likely that it will no longer close and the child will have it for the rest of his life. At the same time, such an anomaly has almost no effect on labor activity. It will become an obstacle only for obtaining the profession of a diver, pilot or astronaut, as well as for strong sports activities, for example, weightlifting or wrestling. At school, the child will be assigned to the second health group, and when a boy with LLC is called up, they will be counted as category B (there are restrictions in military service).

Many children with LLC feel quite healthy.

It is noted that at the age of over 40-50 years, the presence of PFO contributes to the development of coronary and hypertension disease. In addition, with a heart attack, an open window in the septum between the atria adversely affects the recovery period. Also, adults with an open window are more likely to experience migraines and often experience shortness of breath after getting out of bed, which immediately disappears as soon as the person lies back in bed.

Among the rare complications of PFO in childhood, embolism may occur. This is the name given to the entry into the bloodstream of gas bubbles, particles of adipose tissue or blood clots, for example, in injuries, fractures or thrombophlebitis. When emboli enter the left atrium, they travel to blood vessels in the brain and cause brain damage, sometimes fatal.

It happens that the presence of an uncovered foramen ovale helps to improve health. This is observed in primary pulmonary hypertension, in which, due to high pressure in the vessels of the lungs, shortness of breath, weakness, chronic cough, dizziness, and fainting occur. Through the oval window, blood from the small circle partially passes into the large one and the vessels of the lungs are unloaded.

You can learn more about the open oval window from the following video.

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The gap in the wall between the right and left atrium is the open foramen ovale of the heart. Consider the causes and pathogenesis of this phenomenon, methods of treatment and prevention.

According to the international classification of diseases ICD-10, congenital communication between the right and left atria is included in class XVII: Q00-Q99 Congenital anomalies (malformations), deformities and chromosomal disorders.

Q20-Q28 Congenital malformations of the circulatory system.

Q21 Congenital anomalies (malformations) of the cardiac septum.

Q21.1 Atrial septal defect
- Coronary sinus defect.
- Unclosed or preserved: foramen ovale, secondary foramen.
- Sinus venosus defect.

The heart has a complex structure and performs many important functions. The organ contracts rhythmically, providing blood flow through the vessels. It is located behind the sternum in the middle section of the chest cavity and is surrounded by the lungs. Normally, it can shift to the side, as it hangs on the blood vessels and has an asymmetric localization. Its base is turned towards the spine, and the apex is turned towards the fifth intercostal space.

Anatomical features of the heart muscle:

The adult heart consists of 4 chambers: 2 atria and 2 ventricles, which are separated by partitions. The walls of the ventricles are thickened, while the walls of the atria are thin.
The pulmonary veins enter the left atrium, and the vena cava enter the right atrium. The pulmonary artery emerges from the right ventricle, and the ascending aorta emerges from the left ventricle.
The left ventricle and the left atrium are the left section in which the arterial blood is located. The right ventricle and atrium are the venous heart, that is, the right section. Between themselves, the right and left parts are separated by a solid partition.
The left and right chambers are separated by the interventricular and interatrial septum. Thanks to them, the blood from different parts of the heart does not mix with each other.

Incomplete fusion of the septum is a congenital anomaly, that is, a residual element of embryonic development. In fact, this is a hole between the two atria, through which, during contractions, blood is thrown from one ventricle to the other.

The interatrial opening with a valve develops in utero and is a necessary condition for the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system at this stage of development. It allows part of the placental and oxygenated blood to pass from one atrium to another without affecting the underdeveloped and non-working lungs. This ensures the normal blood supply to the head and neck of the fetus, as well as the development of the spinal cord and brain.

At the first cry of a newborn, the lungs open and a significant increase in pressure in the left atrium occurs. Due to this, the valve completely closes the embryonic gap. Gradually, the valve fuses tightly with the walls of the interatrial septum. That is, the gap between the right left atrium closes.

In about 50% of cases, valve growth occurs in the first year of a baby's life, but in some cases by 3-5 years. With a small valve size, the gap does not close and the atria are not isolated. Such a pathology is classified as MARS syndrome, that is, a small anomaly in the development of the heart. In adult patients, this problem occurs in 30% of cases.

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ICD-10 code

Q21.1 Atrial septal defect

Epidemiology

Medical statistics indicate that an open foramen ovale (OOO) in the heart has a prevalence in two age categories:

In children under one year old, this is the norm. During ultrasound, an anomaly is detected in 40% of newborns.
In adults, this heart disease occurs in 3.6% of the population.
In patients with multiple heart defects, PFO is diagnosed in 8.9% of cases.

In 70% of cases, incomplete fusion of the septum is detected even in infancy. In 30% of adults, this disorder manifests itself in the form of a channel or shunt, which provoke various diseases from the cardiovascular system. In healthy and full-term children, the opening overgrows by 50% in the first year of life.

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Causes of an open oval window

In most cases, the causes of an open foramen ovale are related to a genetic predisposition. As a rule, the anomaly is transmitted through the maternal line, but it can also occur due to other reasons:

The birth of a premature baby.
Bad habits of the mother during gestation (alcohol, drug addiction, smoking).
Congenital malformations of the heart muscle.
Toxic drug poisoning during pregnancy.
CNS disorders: severe stress and nervous experiences, emotional exhaustion.
Connective tissue dysplasia.
Unfavorable ecology.
Malnutrition during pregnancy.

Very often, pathology is detected in other pathologies of heart development: an open aortic duct, congenital defects of the mitral and tricuspid valves.

Risk factors

An atrial septal defect occurs for a variety of reasons. Risk factors for a pathological condition are most often associated with genetic disorders in the first line of family ties.

The appearance of the disorder contributes to:

Increased physical activity (strength sports, diving, weightlifting, etc.).
Thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery in patients with thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities, pelvic organs.
Bad habits of a woman during pregnancy.
Toxic poisoning.
premature birth.
Reduced immune status of a woman.
Bad ecological environment.
Deficiency of vitamins and minerals in the female body during gestation due to poor nutrition.

In addition to the above factors, the disorder can be triggered by increased pressure in the right side of the heart muscle.

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Pathogenesis

The mechanism of development of a through hole between the atria is associated with many reasons. The pathogenesis of the anomaly is based on the interaction of internal and external factors. In most cases, these are deviations in the formation, that is, connective tissue dysplasia. Violation leads to the involvement in the pathological process of the heart valves, the subvalvular apparatus and the cardiac septum.

During the expansion of the lungs of the newborn and an increase in pulmonary blood flow, pressure in the left atrium increases, which contributes to the closure of the gap. But connective tissue dysplasia prevents this process. If primary pulmonary hypertension is diagnosed against this background, then the pathology has a favorable prognosis, which increases the life expectancy of the patient.

Hemodynamically insignificant open foramen ovale

The movement of blood through the vessels is associated with the difference in hydrostatic pressure in different parts of the circulatory system. That is, blood moves from an area of high pressure to a low one. This phenomenon is called hemodynamics. An open gap in the wall between the right and left atrium is located at the bottom of the oval cavity on the inner left wall of the right atrium. The hole has small dimensions from 4.5 mm to 19 mm and is usually slit-like.

A hemodynamically insignificant open foramen ovale is an anomaly that does not cause circulatory disturbances and does not affect the patient's health. This is observed if the defect is small and has a valve that prevents the shunt of blood from left to right. In this case, people with pathologies are unaware of its presence and lead a normal life.

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Symptoms of an open oval window

In most cases, the symptoms of an open oval window do not appear in any way. A person learns about the presence of pathology by chance during a routine examination. But the latent course of the disease has a characteristic symptom complex, which can remain without due attention for a long time:

Cyanosis and increased pallor of the nasolabial triangle during physical exertion.
Tendency to catarrhal and bronchopulmonary pathologies of an inflammatory nature.
Slow physical development.
Slow weight gain in a child.
Bad appetite.
Respiratory failure.
Sudden fainting.
Signs of cerebrovascular accident.
Frequent headaches and migraines.
Postural hypoxemia syndrome.

The presence of the above symptoms requires careful diagnosis and medical attention. If various neurological disorders are observed, then this may indicate complications of the disorder due to its long course.

First signs

The congenital message between the right and left atria has no specific manifestations. The first signs in most cases go unnoticed. A problem is suspected in the following cases:

Severe headaches and dizziness.
Blue lips during coughing and during any other physical exertion.
Predisposition to inflammatory lesions of the respiratory system.
Severe respiratory failure during physical exertion.
Fainting state.
Varicose disease and thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities at a young age.

PFO has minimal radiological symptoms that allow one to suspect an anomaly: an increase in blood volume in the vascular bed of the lungs and an increase in the right heart.

Open foramen ovale in adults

The main vital organ of any living being is the heart. In humans, it has a complex structure and is responsible for many functions. The organ includes the left / right ventricles and atria, connected by special valves. An open oval window in an adult is a pathology that is most often diagnosed in newborns and premature babies.

In adulthood, an open hole is a shunt. Its presence can cause changes in the cardiovascular system and lungs due to the difference in blood pressure in the atria. But the presence of this anomaly is not always a cause for concern. Very often people live fully and do not suspect a violation. Only with an ultrasound can it be possible to identify the problem.

The correct functioning of the heart and the body as a whole depends on the size of the defect. The size of the hole can be from 2 mm to 10 mm.

If the window opens by 2-3 mm, but is not accompanied by deviations from the cardiovascular system, then this condition is not reflected in the functioning of the body.
If the through hole is 5-7 mm, then this indicates that the disorder is hemodynamically insignificant. The deviation manifests itself only with increased physical exertion.
If the dimensions are 7-10 mm, then the patient is diagnosed with a gaping open window. In its symptoms, this type of disease is similar to congenital heart disease.

The inferiority of the LLC, as a rule, does not have specific symptoms. The doctor can only guess about the causes of the disease state. Complex diagnostics is shown to identify the disorder. The presence of clinically insignificant symptoms is also taken into account:

Blue nasolabial triangle in inflammatory diseases and after physical exertion.
Frequent fainting.
Varicose veins and thrombophlebitis.
Breathlessness.
Predisposition to colds.
Tachycardia.
Migraine.
Increased blood volume in the lungs.
Frequent numbness of the limbs and impaired mobility of the body.

This disorder is diagnosed in 30% of people, it persists from birth. But the risk of developing the disease increases significantly in athletes and with increased physical exertion. The risk group includes: divers and divers, patients with PE (pulmonary embolism) and thrombophlebitis.

The treatment of a painful condition depends on its severity. Many adults are prescribed a set of preventive methods. In especially severe cases, not only drug therapy is indicated, but also surgical intervention.

stages

An open gap in the wall between the right and left atrium refers to cardiovascular defects. The stages of pathology are distinguished by the degree of damage to the organ and the nature of the resulting symptoms. In medical practice, there is such a thing as MARS syndrome (small anomalies in the development of the heart), which includes this disorder. The group of pathologies includes violations of the development of the structures of the external and internal structure of the heart muscle and the vessels adjacent to it.

Incomplete occlusion of the septum is included in the general classification of MARS syndrome:

Location and form.

Atrium:
- Open oval window.
- Enlarged Eustachian valve.
- Aneurysm of the MPP.
- Prolapsing valve of the inferior vena cava.
- Trabeculae.
- Prolapsing pectineus muscles in the right atrium.
Tricuspid valve - displacement of the septal leaflet into the cavity of the right ventricle, dilatation of the right AV orifice, protrusion of the tricuspid valve.
Pulmonary artery - prolapse of the cusps of the pulmonary valve and dysplasia of its trunk.
Aorta - borderline wide/narrow aortic root, bicuspid valve, dilatation of the sinuses, asymmetry of the valve leaflets.
Left ventricle - small aneurysm, trabeculae, chords.
mitral valve.

Causes and conditions of occurrence.

Connective tissue dysplasia.
Vegetative dysfunctions.
Ontogenesis.
Cardiogenesis disorders.

Possible complications.

Heart rhythm disturbances.
Pulmonary hypertension.
Infective endocarditis.
Disorders of cardiohemodynamics.
Fibrosis and calcification of the valve leaflets.
Sudden death.

Any form or stage of MARS syndrome is a variant of visceral connective tissue dysplasia. It is characterized by a high frequency of changes in the central nervous system and neurovegetative disorders.

After establishing the type of anomaly, hemodynamic disorders and regurgitation are identified, as well as their severity. In 95% of cases, hemodynamic disorders and adverse symptoms do not occur. As they grow older, structural deviations disappear.

Forms

Normally, an open foramen ovale is temporary, as it is necessary to saturate the fetus with oxygen during embryonic development. That is, the anomaly exists in all children, but by the time of birth it overgrows, since there is no need for additional oxygen saturation, since the lungs begin to work.

Types of incomplete fusion of the septum depend on the size of the hole:

2-3 mm is the norm, which does not cause deviations and consequences.
5-7 mm - the features of this pathology depend on the presence of concomitant provoking factors.
>7 mm is a gaping hole requiring surgical treatment. According to studies, the maximum size can exceed 19 mm.

In addition to the oval window, there are other defects of the cardiac septum. Their difference is that the window has a valve responsible for regulating blood flow. PFO is not a heart disease, but refers to minor anomalies in the development of the cardiovascular system.

Open foramen ovale with relief

In most cases, a through hole between the atria does not cause serious concern. Since the pressure in the left atrium is higher than in the right, the valve between the septa is kept closed. This prevents the shunting of blood from the right atrium to the left. As a rule, this is observed when the window size is not more than 5-7 mm.

An open foramen ovale with a reset indicates a large pathology. This is observed with a temporary increase in pressure in the right atrium due to straining, physical exertion, crying or prolonged nervous tension. This condition causes the discharge of venous blood through the LLC, manifested by temporary cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle and blanching of the skin.

The disorder can lead to complications such as paradoxical embolism. Thrombi, gas bubbles, emboli, foreign bodies from the right atrium, hitting the left atrium and continuing further movement can reach the vessels of the brain. This leads to the development of stroke, thrombosis and heart attacks. To prevent such violations, a comprehensive diagnosis and timely treatment should be carried out.

Open foramen ovale with left-right vent

The short channel between the right and left atrium, covered by a valve and with abnormal blood circulation, is an open foramen ovale with a left-right shunt. Normally, the discharge of fluid occurs in one direction - from right to left. LLC is a physiological feature of the body, which is necessary during the period of embryonic development. But after birth, the need for it disappears and the gap overgrows, as the lungs begin to work.

There are such types of functioning of the oval window:

Without hemodynamic reset.
With right-left reset.
With left-right reset.
With biderectoral shunting.

LLC with a left-right shunt indicates that the pressure in the right atrium is less than in the left. The main causes of this form of disorder include:

Perforation of the shutter of the oval window.
Valve deficiency with left atrial dilatation
Valve failure.

Right-left shunt, when the pressure in the right atrium is greater than in the left, occurs due to such reasons: prematurity and low body weight, increased physical activity and psycho-emotional disorders, neonatal pulmonary hypertension, respiratory distress syndrome.

Open foramen ovale without signs of embolic activity

An open foramen ovale is a valve communication between the atria. In the embryonic period, it is responsible for the passage of arterial blood into the left atrium from the right, without affecting the undeveloped vessels of the lungs. In most people, the PFO closes after birth, but in 30% it remains open, causing various pathological symptoms.

With this small anomaly of the heart, there is a high risk of paradoxical embolism. Pathology leads to the fact that small gas bubbles and blood clots enter the left atrium and through the left ventricle with blood flow to the brain. Blockage of blood vessels in the brain provokes a stroke.

An open oval window without signs of embolic activity and other pathologies can be regarded as a variant of the normal structure of the heart. But in the presence of provoking factors (physical activity, straining, coughing), the pressure in the right atrium increases and a right-to-left shunt occurs, causing a paradoxical embolism.

Complications and consequences

The lack of timely diagnosis and treatment of the atrial through hole is the main reason for the development of various consequences and complications. Patients may experience the following problems:

Heart rhythm disturbances.
Violation of cerebral circulation.
Pulmonary hypertension.
paradoxical embolism.
Fibrosis and calcification of the cusps of the valves of the heart muscle.
Violations of cardiohemodynamics.
Heart attack.
Stroke.
Sudden death.

According to medical statistics, the above complications are extremely rare.

Is an open foramen ovale dangerous?

Many experts consider the congenital communication between the right and left atria to be normal. Whether an open oval window is dangerous depends entirely on the general health of the patient and the presence of comorbidities.

If the window is small, then as a rule, it is not a cause for concern. The patient is prescribed regular examinations by a cardiologist, annual planned ultrasound of the heart and a set of preventive measures. In the presence of concomitant diseases, LLC can cause serious changes in the cardiovascular system. This is due to the transfer of blood from the right atrium to the left, bypassing the lungs. In this case, any physical activity can cause various complications.

This congenital anomaly is dangerous for the development of embolism. This is a condition when blood clots, gas bubbles and bacterial microorganisms enter from the venous blood into the arterial blood, and through the left parts of the heart into the arteries of the internal organs. In this case, the coronary arteries, kidneys, spleen, limbs can be affected. Heart rhythm disturbances are dangerous for strokes and heart attacks.

Diagnosis of an open oval window

Small anomalies of the heart are characterized by a latent, that is, latent course. Pathology can be suspected in the presence of characteristic symptoms or during a routine examination of the body. Diagnosis of an open oval window is performed by the following methods:

History taking - the doctor asks about the presence of genetic abnormalities among relatives, about the course of pregnancy, the woman's bad habits and the ongoing drug treatment during gestation, the degree of physical activity of the patient.
External examination - this method is ineffective, since the LLC does not always make itself felt with pronounced symptoms. But the blueness of the nasolabial triangle during crying and straining, pallor of the skin, poor appetite and lag in physical development make it possible to suspect a disorder.
Laboratory studies - to date, there are no genetic tests that would identify MARS syndrome in newborns. Patients are prescribed the following tests:

General and clinical analysis of blood.
Gene mutation of prothrombin.
prothrombin time.
Factor V (Leiden).
Determination of the level of homocysteine and antithrombin.
Determination of the level of protein C and protein S.

Instrumental studies - for diagnosis, auscultation is performed, that is, listening to the chest for the presence of systolic murmurs. The patient is prescribed ultrasound of the heart, echocardiography, angiography, MRI and a set of other procedures.

During the diagnosis, the doctor conducts a nutritional assessment, detects eating disorders and symptoms of anomalies associated with an imbalance in the intake of nutrients. The environmental features of the patient's living environment are also taken into account.

Noise when the oval window is open

One of the methods for diagnosing a through hole between the atria is listening to the chest with a phonendoscope. During the work of the cardiovascular system, peculiar tones arise. The heart pumps blood, and valves regulate its direction.

Before the heart contracts, the valves between the atria and ventricles close.
Blood from the left ventricle enters the aorta, and from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery. When this happens, a tone is formed.
The tone occurs when the valves close, if some kind of obstruction forms in the heart, and for many other factors.

Noise at an open oval window of heart not always manages to be revealed by means of a phonendoscope. This is due to the fact that the pressure difference between the atria is small, so the vortex flow characteristic of the anomaly may not form.

Noise in the heart is: soft, rough, blowing. All noises are divided into the following groups:

Pathological - often act as the first, and sometimes the only sign of anomalies of the cardiovascular system.
Healthy - associated with the peculiarities of the growth of chambers and blood vessels of the heart, structural features of the organ.

To determine the nature of the noise and the reasons for its appearance, the doctor conducts echocardiography and ultrasound. These methods allow to evaluate the structure of the heart and its surrounding vessels and tissues.

Instrumental diagnostics

Examination of the body with the help of special equipment is instrumental diagnostics. If incomplete occlusion of the septum of the heart is suspected, the following studies are indicated:

Radiography - determines the possible violations of the heart, caused by an increase in blood pressure in the right ventricle due to an atrial septal defect.
Ultrasound of the heart - is performed to determine the boundaries of the LLC and its size. It is prescribed for newborns and older patients.
Echocardiography - performed with suspicion of various anomalies of the heart. Allows you to identify pathology even with its latent course. It is carried out in two states: after physical exertion and with calmness.
Transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography - allows you to identify the inferiority of the valve of the oval window in newborns. Visualizes the movement of the valve leaflets, determines the speed and volume of blood flow from one atrium to another.
Transalimentary echocardiography - is prescribed for suspected anomalies in older children and adolescents. During the study, the endoscope is immersed in the esophagus, bringing it as close as possible to the heart muscle. To obtain more reliable results, bubble contrast may be prescribed.
Heart sounding is one of the most accurate, but aggressive diagnostic methods. Most often used before surgery. The procedure is the advancement of the probe along the arterial blood flow to the heart for its detailed visualization.

Based on the results of instrumental diagnostics, a final diagnosis can be made or additional studies can be prescribed.

Open foramen ovale on ultrasound

Ultrasound examination of the cardiovascular system is one of the instrumental methods for detecting both congenital and acquired anomalies among newborns and older patients.

An open oval window on ultrasound is characterized by the following symptoms:

Enlargement of the right heart chamber.
Small hole sizes - from 2 to 5 mm.
Displacement of the main septum between the atria towards the right atrium.
Thinning of the walls of the interatrial septum.

With the help of ultrasound, it is possible to visualize the valves in the cavity of the left atrium, assess the general condition of the organ and the volume of blood flow, localization and other features of the pathology.

Sonographic signs of an open oval window

Echocardiography is a diagnostic method using ultrasound waves. It is used to study and determine the localization of internal organs and structures.

Sonographic signs of an open oval window can be detected immediately after birth with the help of such studies:

Contrast echocardiography - reveals a PFO or atrial septal defect of the smallest sizes. For diagnosis, the patient is given an intravenous injection with saline. If there is a gap, the smallest air bubbles will penetrate through it from the right atrium to the left.
Transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography (EchoCG) - visualizes not only the opening, but also the functioning valve. This method is especially informative in newborns and patients of early childhood.

In addition to the above methods, transesophageal echocardiography with bubble enhancement may be prescribed to determine the echographic signs of the disorder.

Dimensions of the open oval window

It is possible to suspect small anomalies of the heart with the help of their characteristic symptoms, which very often proceed in a latent form. The size of the open oval window and the presence of concomitant diseases affect the severity of pathological signs of the disease.

An open gap in the wall between the right and left atrium can have the following dimensions:

2-3 mm is considered normal and does not cause any symptoms or complications.
5-7 mm is the small size of the anomaly. Under the action of certain factors, it causes a number of unpleasant symptoms that, without medical diagnosis and treatment, can progress.
7 mm or more is a large or gaping window that requires surgical treatment. In rare cases, it can reach a maximum size of more than 19 mm.

According to studies, in about 40% of adults, the opening between the atria is not tightly closed. The size of the gap is on average 4.5 mm. If the window remains completely open, then an atrial septal defect is diagnosed, which, unlike LLC, is characterized by the absence of a working valve.

Open oval window 2, 3, 4, 5 mm

Congenital communication between the right and left atria is very often diagnosed in premature newborns and slightly less often in healthy children. An open oval window of 2, 3, 4, 5 mm is considered the norm, but under the influence of certain factors it can cause pathological symptoms.

Hole sizes of more than 5 mm flow with characteristic features that make it possible to suspect a violation:

Blue nasolabial triangle during physical activity, crying, screaming.
Slowdown of mental and physical development.
Loss of consciousness and dizziness.
Fast fatiguability.
The presence of heart murmurs.
Various disorders of the respiratory system.
Frequent colds.

The appearance of the above symptoms is a reason to immediately contact a cardiologist. After a complex of various diagnostic measures, the doctor will prescribe treatment and give recommendations for correcting the disease.

Differential Diagnosis

Abnormal valvular communication between the atria requires a comprehensive study and, if necessary, treatment. Differential diagnosis of an open oval window is carried out with pathologies with similar symptoms.

First of all, differentiation is necessary with other interatrial communications:

Atrial septal defect.
Aneurysm of the interatrial septum.
Hemodynamic reset disorders.

Let us consider in more detail the differences between the congenital message between the right and left atria and the atrial septal defect:

Based on the results of the studies, the doctor makes a final diagnosis or prescribes additional examinations / tests.

Treatment of an open oval window

Such a small anomaly of the heart as a through hole between the atria requires special attention. Treatment of an open oval window depends on many factors:

Dimensions and clinical significance of the gap.
Fluctuations in the size of the shunt during physical exertion.
Features of the septum (increased extensibility, loss of contractility).
The degree of pressure increase in the pulmonary artery.
Enlargement of the right side of the heart.
Risk of embolic/cerebral complications.
Presence of comorbidities.
General condition of the body.

The treatment tactics are entirely based on the presence or absence of PFO symptoms:

In the absence of symptoms, therapy is not required. The patient is recommended to be observed by a general practitioner/pediatrician and a cardiologist, and to periodically assess the dynamics of the anomaly using ultrasound. If there is a risk of complications (stroke, heart attack, ischemia, damage to the veins of the lower extremities), then patients are prescribed medications to thin the blood (Warfarin, Aspirin and others).
In the presence of pain symptoms, not only medical, but also surgical treatment is indicated. With a pronounced discharge of blood from right to left and the risk of embolism, the defect is closed using an occluding device or a special absorbable patch.

Elcar with open oval window

One of the treatments for MARS syndrome is drug therapy. Elkar with an open oval window of the heart is prescribed from the first days of the disease. Let us consider in more detail the instructions for this drug and the features of its use.

Elcar is a drug used to correct metabolic processes in the body. The composition of the drug includes L-carnitine - an amino acid that is similar in structure to B vitamins. Participates in lipid metabolism, stimulates enzymatic activity and secretion of gastric juice, increases resistance to physical exertion.

The active ingredient regulates the consumption of glycogen and increases its reserves in the liver and muscle tissues. It has pronounced lipolytic and anabolic properties.

Indications for use: improvement of the condition of premature babies and newborns after birth injuries, asphyxia. It is prescribed for a weak sucking reflex, low muscle tone, poor development of mental and motor functions, with insufficient body weight. The drug is used in the complex therapy of chronic gastritis and pancreatitis, with dermatological diseases. Accelerates the recovery of the body during intense physical and psycho-emotional stress, with reduced performance and increased fatigue.
Method of application: the medicine is taken orally 30 minutes before meals. The dosage and course of treatment are individual for each patient, therefore they are determined by the attending physician.
Side effects: isolated cases of dyspeptic disorders, myasthenia gravis, gastralgia, systemic allergic reactions have been recorded.
Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. If the drug is prescribed for patients under 3 years of age, then careful medical supervision is required. It is not used for the treatment of pregnant women and during lactation.
Overdose: myasthenia gravis, dyspeptic disorders. There is no specific antidote, so symptomatic therapy is indicated.

Elcar is available in the form of a solution for oral administration in 25, 50 and 100 ml bottles with a dosing device.

Should an open foramen ovale be operated on?

Faced with such a diagnosis as a through hole between the atria, many patients ask themselves the question: is it necessary to operate on an open oval window? The need for surgical intervention is determined by the size of the gap, the presence of concomitant diseases, painful symptoms and other features of the body.

Medicine claims that up to two years of LLC is the norm. The patient needs to be observed by a cardiologist and annually undergo echocardiography, ultrasound of the heart. If, upon reaching an older age, the window has not closed, then the patient is put on strict records to the cardiologist, who decides on the method of treating the defect. The doctor takes into account the fact of the development of complications: thrombus formation, pulmonary insufficiency, paradoxical embolism, ischemic and cardioembolic stroke.

If the oval window is large, there is no valve (atrial septal defect), or a stroke has been suffered, then surgery is a direct indication.

Surgery

One of the most effective methods for eliminating PFO is surgical treatment. It is carried out at any age, but only if there are such indications:

Gross violations of hemodynamics.
High risk of complications.
Severe pain symptoms.
The defect diameter is more than 9 mm.
Reflux of blood into the left atrium.
Limited physical activity caused by pathology.
Contraindications to taking medications.
Complications from the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

The main goal of the surgical intervention is to close the defect with a patch. The procedure is carried out through the femoral or radial artery using a special endoscope and with the introduction of contrast.

Surgical treatment is contraindicated in case of pathological changes in lung tissues and in case of left ventricular failure. As a rule, the operation is carried out after reaching 2-5 years, when the window should physiologically close, but this does not happen. Each case is individual and requires a comprehensive comprehensive diagnosis to assess all possible risks of the operation.

Surgery for an open oval window

The only and most effective treatment for a residual fetal heart element in adult patients is surgery. With an open oval window, the following surgical interventions can be prescribed:

Open heart surgery.

Through an incision in the chest, the surgeon disconnects the heart from the vessels. The functions of the heart are taken over by a special apparatus that pumps blood through the body and enriches it with oxygen. With the help of coronary suction, the doctor cleans the organ of blood and makes an incision in the right atrium to eliminate the defect. The method has the following indications:

Hole with a diameter of more than 10 mm.
Severe circulatory disorders.
Physical intolerance.
Frequent colds and inflammatory diseases.
Pulmonary hypertension.

To close the gap, the following methods are most often used:

Suturing - the hole in the interatrial septum is sutured. The same manipulations are carried out with secondary defects located in the upper part of the septum.
The imposition of a patch of synthetic fabric, pericardium (flap of the outer shell of the heart) or a special plaster. This method is used for primary heart defects located closer to the ventricles, in the lower part of the septum.

After the operation, the doctor sews up the incision and connects the heart to its blood vessels. The chest incision is closed with a suture.

The advantages of such an operation are high accuracy of execution and rapid restoration of impaired blood circulation in the lung and the whole body, as well as the ability to eliminate defects of any size and localization. The disadvantages of the method include: the need to connect a heart-lung machine, trauma due to a large chest incision, a long recovery period - about 2 months and rehabilitation up to 6 months.

Endovascular surgery (closure of the defect with a catheter).

These are less traumatic operations that do not require opening the chest. Indications for carrying out:

The window is less than 4 mm in the central part of the interatrial septum.
Return of blood from the left atrium to the right.
Increased fatigue.
Shortness of breath during physical activity.

During the operation, the doctor inserts a catheter into holes in large vessels in the groin or neck. The endoscope is advanced into the right atrium. A special device for closing the window is fixed at the end of the apparatus:

Button devices - discs are installed on both sides of the interatrial septum, which are interconnected using a nylon loop.
An occluder is a special device that resembles an umbrella. It is injected and opened in the left atrium, blocking the reflux of blood from it.

The advantages of such minimally invasive treatment are: low risk of complications, the possibility of performing under local anesthesia, a significant improvement in the condition immediately after surgery, a short recovery period - about a month. The main disadvantage of endovascular surgery is that it is not effective for large defects and vasoconstriction. The operation is not performed with a window in the lower part of the septum or at the mouths of the hollow / pulmonary veins.

Regardless of the surgical intervention chosen, most patients recover completely after surgery. There is also an increase in life expectancy by 20-30 years.

Indications for an occluder

If drug therapy is unable to eliminate the pathological symptoms or complications of MARS syndrome, then surgery is indicated. Many patients are prescribed endovascular surgery, that is, the introduction of a special device, most often an occluder, into the heart through a vein or a large artery.

The main indications for the occluder:

LLC is small.
Localization of the defect in the central part of the interatrial septum.
Increased fatigue and other symptoms of pathology.

With a small cardiac anomaly, blood from the left atrium enters the right, and then into the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. This leads to stretching and overloading of these parts of the heart. Normally, the left and right sections of the organ are separated by a thin wall, which prevents blood reflux. That is, the main indication for the use of an occluder is precisely the increase and overload of the right heart.

The occluder is an umbrella or a miniature mesh. Using a catheter, it is inserted into the femoral vein and placed at the entrance to the left atrium. Implantation is carried out using an X-ray system that visualizes the entire process of the operation.

The occluder is made of a biologically inert material that does not cause rejection reactions and takes root well in the body. Six months after the operation, the device is endothelialized, that is, covered with heart cells. In rare cases, after the treatment, patients experience complications such as shortness of breath and chest pain.

Prevention

There are no special methods that would prevent incomplete fusion of the cardiac septum. Prevention of an open oval window is based on a healthy lifestyle and adherence to such recommendations:

Give up bad habits (smoking, alcoholism, drug addiction).
Adhere to a rational and balanced diet, which will provide the body with a complex of essential vitamins and minerals.
Timely treatment of any diseases.

Particular attention should be paid to the prevention of anomalies by women planning the birth of a child and already pregnant:

Avoid infectious diseases. Rubella is especially dangerous, as it provokes LLC and other congenital malformations.
Avoid contact with ionizing radiation, such as x-ray machines, fluorographs.
Do not come into contact with chemicals and their vapors (paints, varnishes).
Take any medications only as prescribed by a doctor.

Forecast

With timely treatment, the implementation of all medical recommendations and observation by a cardiologist, the prognosis of an open oval window is quite favorable. The outcome of the anomaly depends on what therapy was prescribed and how effective it is.

Another important prognostic factor is the functional state of the heart muscle. If there was an operation and it was successful, then there are high chances to avoid consequences and complications. This improves the defect prediction. For example, endovascular occlusion of the LLC allows you to return to normal life within a short period of time, without any restrictions.

Without timely diagnosis, medical or surgical treatment, the prognosis of a minor heart anomaly is negative. The risk of serious complications exists with large window sizes, the development of paradoxical embolism and the presence of concomitant diseases.

Dispensary observation of children

Abnormal valvular communication between the atria requires not only timely treatment, but also medical supervision. Dispensary observation of children with an open oval window provides for systematic medical examinations and research (ultrasound, echocardiography). This allows you to assess the dynamics of the disorder and the risk of its complications.

Parents also receive special advice. The newborn is shown a protective mode with long walks in the fresh air and good nutrition. This is necessary for hardening the body and increasing immune defenses. Physiotherapy and therapeutic exercises are also recommended.

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What professions are contraindicated with an open oval window?

Such a physiological feature as incomplete fusion of the septum of the heart leaves an imprint not only on the way of life, but also on the field of activity.

Consider which professions are contraindicated with an open oval window: pilot, diver, diver, scuba diver, driver, machinist, astronaut, caisson worker, army officer or submarine crew member. The above specialties can be dangerous for patients.

For example, when lifting or diving, blood clots can form, blocking blood vessels and causing death. And caisson work is dangerous because the patient has to breathe compressed air, which also negatively affects the cardiovascular system.

Open oval window and sport

Patients with congenital through hole between the atria have many restrictions that are aimed at minimizing the risk of developing complications of the disease.

An open foramen ovale and sports are acceptable if the defect does not cause abnormal reflux, bluish nasolabial triangle due to physical exertion, embolism, and other complications. When choosing a sports hobby, the size of the window, as well as the results of the treatment, are taken into account.

Open oval window and army

According to the order of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine dated August 14, 2008 No. 402, an open oval window and the army are incompatible. Patients with this anomaly are partially or completely exempted from military service.

Partially fit - the disease proceeds with the discharge of blood, the conscript is unfit for service in peacetime.

During intrauterine development, certain "failures" of the program may occur, due to which some disturbances occur in the human body. One of them is the presence of an opening in the heart, which is called the oval window.

Most often, a defect is discovered by chance, during a comprehensive or profile examination, when contacting a clinic with complaints of other health problems. This is due to the fact that in most cases the condition does not manifest itself in any way, or the symptoms are so minor that they are attributed to another disease.

Our heart is made up of four cavities, or chambers: two ventricles and two atria. In the process of formation in the womb, an opening may remain between these chambers that have not closed. If it is formed between the atria, then it is called an open oval window in the heart in an adult.

Most often, it is small in size and does not outwardly give clear symptoms of the disease, so most people do not suspect the presence of a pathology until it is discovered. Medical statistics state that approximately 30% of all adults have such a violation of the structure.

In most cases, defects in cardiac anatomy are discovered in childhood, but sometimes they go unnoticed until adulthood.

Such violations are dangerous for their owner., since the hole between the atria poses a threat of disruption to the functioning of the heart, blood vessels and lungs due to the difference in blood pressure that occurs due to the message of the atria.

An open window cannot be considered a simple hole in the wall of the heart, since it works like a valve, allowing blood to move in only one direction - from the small to the systemic circulation. The hole has microscopic dimensions, most often no more than a pinhead. The average defect size is up to 4.5 mm. The body is able to compensate for such dimensions. But the window can be up to 19 mm in diameter, this already affects the health and well-being of the patient.

Causes and symptoms of the condition

A hole in the septum between the cavities of the heart is formed during the formation of tissues and organs of the fetus in the mother's body. At the time of the birth of a child, his lungs straighten, fill with air, the blood flow accelerates, the pressure in the left atrium increases, which contributes to the closure of the existing hole.

In cases where an open oval window in the heart of an adult does not close naturally, it is believed that the main reasons for this are the use of alcohol by a pregnant woman, certain drugs and drugs, and smoking.

Also among the reasons for the appearance of pathology is a poor environmental situation, burdened heredity, impaired fetal development at different stages. Another reason why the communication between the heart chambers remains open is the birth of a premature baby who has not had time to fully form all the organs.

The opening of the oval window affects people who, due to their profession or hobbies, experience constant significant overloads. These are mainly athletes, as well as people suffering from frequent pressure drops. Of the athletes at risk are weightlifters, bodybuilders, wrestlers.In another group are divers, especially deep-sea divers, scuba divers, divers, submariners, climbers, pilots, astronauts, testers. They constantly suffer from very strong pressure drops, which can provoke the development of a defect.

In adulthood, a person rarely feels the presence of such a pathology. Basically, the presence of an open oval window is detected by chance or during a routine examination for another reason.

More information about congenital heart defects can be found in the video:

The following symptoms may be present:

Cyanosis of the lips and / or nasolabial triangle during physical exertion, severe coughing.
Too frequent diseases of the respiratory system, the presence of chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma.
Severe headaches, migraines.
Dyspnea.
Increased heart rate.
Cerebral circulation disorders.
Unreasonable fainting.
Numbness of limbs.
Mobility disorders.
Increased blood volume in the lungs.
Changes in the right atrium, noticeable on.

One person may not have all the signs at once, but only some of them. Sometimes they exist in such a blurred form that it is impossible to suspect the presence of a serious pathology.

Diagnostic methods

In order to identify a defect, the patient is assigned to undergo electrocardiography, radiography,. Additionally, the doctor can listen to heart rhythms with a phonendoscope.

All these diseases can lead to severe consequences and problems up to disability and death.

Treatment of pathology is not a guarantee of protection against the manifestation of complications. However, in most cases, people with such disorders live a normal full life and do not suffer from the presence of an open foramen ovale.

The main way to prevent the formation of such a defect is pregnancy hygiene. A woman should take a responsible approach to bearing a fetus, completely giving up smoking, drinking alcohol, and using medications other than those prescribed by a doctor for health reasons.For adults, it is important to avoid very strong physical overload, which can lead to the opening of the oval window and the occurrence of complications, side effects, and lead to poor health.

A small opening between the left and right atria, which is formed during the prenatal development of the fetus, is known as the open oval window.

What is the peculiarity of his education and does it pose a danger to human life?

The essence of OOO

Such a problem is the norm for the fetus, but in adults it is an anatomical feature of the structure of the heart.

The human heart consists of 4 cavities: two atria and two ventricles, which are closely interconnected through special channels. Between the right and left atria is the interatrial septum.

Its role is to regulate blood flow from the LA to the right. It is not uncommon for this septum to form incorrectly, forming a hole - an open oval window.

The process of blood circulation in children and adults has some difference: during the development of the fetus in the womb, its lungs do not participate in the respiratory process. In this regard, only 12% of the blood from its total flow passes through them.

This is a necessity for enriching the internal organs of the fetus (brain, liver, etc.) with oxygen, which is contained in the blood passing through them.

The direction of blood in the body of the fetus is regulated by special messages that are in its cardiovascular system, for example, arterial and venous blood flows. An open oval window is also one such message. Through it passes the pumping of blood enriched with oxygen from the right atrium to the left, thereby reducing the flow of blood to the lungs of the fetus.

From the inside of the cavity of the left ventricle, the hole is covered with a small valve. Before the onset of childbirth, this valve is already fully formed.

After a newborn baby makes its first cry, its lungs open and oxygen enters them, and blood also enters them. This causes the valve to close and increase the level of pressure in the left atrium.

After some time, the walls of the valve leaflets gradually adhere to the walls of the interatrial septum. This process is finally completed during the first year (in rare cases - by 5 years).

It is possible that the valve leaflets are too small, which cannot ensure complete occlusion of the opening between the atria. It is in this case that we are talking about the development of an OO window.

According to statistics, an open oval window in adults (in 30% of all cases) entails the development of various diseases of the cardiovascular system or lung pathology.

The main reason for this situation is an increased indicator of intracardiac blood pressure. Since the development of this problem begins even in the prenatal period of fetal development, in adults, PFO is considered a heart defect.

The reasons

As a result of the fact that the open oval window remains open or slightly open, with severe coughing, crying, or as a result of tension in the abdominal cavity, blood is ejected from the right atrium to the left. This is a clear manifestation of the operation of the OO window.

To date, experts have not been able to fully figure out the exact causes that lead to the occurrence of such a pathology. Among well-known factors include:

hereditary factor;
prematurity;
congenital defect of the mitral or tricuspid heart valves;
connective tissue dysplasia;
negative impact of the environment;
smoking;
drinking alcohol during pregnancy.

Specialists also include in the risk group people whose bodies are subjected to heavy physical exertion, including athletes. It is also not necessary to exclude from this group those whose profession is connected with immersion to great depths.

Patients who are diagnosed with thrombophlebitis of the legs or MT, accompanied by moments of PE, as a rule, suffer from increased pressure on the right side of the heart, and are also at risk for developing a functioning PFO.

If a person is at risk or a pregnant woman has been exposed to the above factors, you should immediately contact a specialist for a comprehensive examination. This can detect the presence of pathology and prevent heart disease.

Symptoms, danger and treatment

As a rule, an open oval window is small and does not cause any discomfort to patients.

In the event that PFO was not diagnosed and eliminated in childhood, in an adult patient this anomaly can provoke manifestation of the following symptoms:

fast fatiguability;
weakness;
susceptibility to frequent infections of a respiratory nature: cough, tonsillitis, bronchitis, etc .;
shortness of breath, which tends to manifest itself not only with great physical exertion, but also with moderate;
dizziness;
severe headaches;
migraine;
frequent fainting.

Unfortunately, it is far from always possible to identify the RO window during a routine medical examination. As a rule, pathology is detected only after the patient begins to show complications of this anomaly.

FROM The most common complications include:

cerebrovascular accident of the transient type is characterized by short-term disturbances in the functioning of the human brain. The main reason for this is the failure of the blood supply process in the GM. In this case, a person has a loss of speech, memory, numbness of the upper or lower extremities, a violation of the activity of some parts of the body. The maximum duration of manifestation of these symptoms does not exceed a day;
stroke - is a rather severe and dangerous complication of PFO, which consists in the death of some parts of muscle tissue. In this case, the patient has a manifestation of such signs as with a transient violation of the blood supply to the brain. A distinctive feature of this condition is that the duration of these symptoms is much longer than 24 hours;
kidney infarction - manifests itself in the form of the death of a part of the kidney, which is accompanied by severe pain in the lumbar region, bloody discharge in the urine, a small amount of urine excreted, and fever.

It is also worth noting that an open oval window is extremely dangerous for people who are diving. This is due to the fact that they have an increased risk of developing decompression sickness. In order to obtain permission to dive below 10 meters, such people need to close the LLC.

An open oval window is dangerous with the possible development of complicating processes. To reduce the risk, you should immediately contact a specialist for a comprehensive examination.

The choice of treatment for this pathology depends on the size of the foramen ovale, the presence of complications, and comorbidities.

The use of drug therapy will not completely close the window. For this, the method of surgical catheterization or surgery is used. In most cases, the pathology does not require treatment. Patients with such an anomaly live a long and fulfilling life, work and give birth to children.

In order to avoid the development of complications, children diagnosed with an open oval window should be under the supervision of specialists. As for adult patients, they must also undergo periodic medical examinations.

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what is the name of the disease "hole in the heart"?

what is the name of the disease "hole in the heart"? how dangerous is it for life and how does it radiate? Answers:

Reflexology and computer reflex diagnostics using the "ryodaraku" technique

Activity type: Healers, Alternative medicine, Doctors
Answer:
"A hole in the heart" is probably a literal translation. In Russian, such a diagnosis sounds like "heart disease". Defects are congenital and acquired and are characterized by holes (perforations) of the heart valves, interventricular or presciatic septa, large coronary blood vessels and the ascending aortic arch. Many heart defects in the recent past led to disability and death of patients. At present, the high cardiosurgical technique on the open heart, combined with the developed successful methods of implantation of vessels, tissues and stem cells, makes it possible to overcome the most severe heart defects.

Graphology in Israel, graphology, graphology training

Activities: Psychologists, Courses, schools and seminars, Lawyers and notaries
Answer:
This is most likely mitral valve prolapse. It can be of an indeterminate cause, or it can be acquired - as an accompaniment of some other disease.

Most often, we are talking about hemodynamically insignificant mitral valve prolapse, which is not dangerous, but it is best to check with your doctor.

International business with an American company in the Wellness industry - a healthy lifestyle

Type of activity: Sale of cosmetics, Network marketing
Answer:
Vika!
If a child has this, then there is a lack of some substances in the diet. This is successfully solved by dietary supplements - high quality biologically active supplements.
The highest quality in the world is from my American manufacturer company. One boy, my client, 5 years old, had this hole closed after 3 weeks. He ate a children's supplement with vitamins and minerals.
Doctors will offer you an operation. Everyone wants to earn money. What is better for you is up to you. Only you first look on the Internet how heart surgery is done.
If then the child continues to eat dietary supplements for prevention, he will live 120 years and will not get sick. It will be best to study at school and fully realize his genetic potential.
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