Children's cystitis in girls. Dr. Komarovsky on the treatment of cystitis in children

Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder mucosa, which brings a lot of unpleasant symptoms. The course of the disease becomes more complicated if a child acts as a patient. Most often, two categories of children suffer from cystitis - babies of one to three years old and adolescents of 12-13 years old. Young children often get cystitis because they can play on the floor, they freeze, but in the heat of excitement they do not change locations, because the game is so exciting. Teenagers get sick because they want to look fashionable and stylish, while wearing short jackets in the cold, girls flaunt in skirts in winter. All this leads to the development of cystitis. If it is not treated in time, the acute phase of the disease becomes chronic. Today we will talk about childhood cystitis - how to recognize it, why it appears and how to deal with this disease.

How to recognize cystitis in a child

One of the main symptoms of cystitis is painful urination. It is very good if the baby already knows how to express his feelings and can convey the nature of the pain to his parents. But what about mothers of babies? How to understand that a child is crying precisely because of cystitis? The complexity of diagnosis in this case lies in the fact that babies often suffer from colic in the abdomen, their teeth erupt, the child may catch a cold. Recognizing painful urination among the symptoms is quite difficult. If the child screams sharply and suddenly, try undressing him. If crying occurs on the background of urination, it is most likely cystitis or other diseases associated with the kidneys and urinary system. In addition to painful urination, cystitis can present with other symptoms.

The inflammatory process in the bladder area gives rise in temperature to 38-39 degrees, depending on the degree of development of the disease.

The urine of a sick child may become cloudy, in some cases it darkens.

Urination becomes frequent, more than 3-4 times per hour. This does not apply to infants - their frequent emptying of the bladder is considered the norm.

In some cases, the child may have pain in the lower abdomen. If the lower back hurts and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe back above the lower back - the inflammation has affected the kidneys, perhaps this is pyelonephritis.

Sometimes urination becomes difficult - the child feels the urge, sits on the potty or toilet, but cannot empty the bladder. Or emptying is accompanied by severe pain.

In some cases, the child may experience urinary incontinence. Here it is worth considering the fact whether the baby before the illness could independently ask for a potty.

The inflammation can be so strong that pain can spread not only to the urinary canal, but also to the genitals, anus, etc.

In the later stages of the disease, streaks of blood may appear in the urine.

The general condition of the child worsens - weakness appears, the baby is naughty, sleeps poorly, his appetite is lost, the child often whimpers.

As soon as you have replaced similar symptoms in a baby, you need to show it to the doctor as soon as possible. The fact is that the symptoms are often similar to the common cold. General immunostimulating drugs, heavy drinking and anti-inflammatory drugs drown out the course of cystitis, but do not cure it completely, since the disease requires a more targeted effect. That is, the mother treats the baby for a cold, the signs of cystitis subside, but the danger is that cystitis goes from acute to chronic. Treating chronic cystitis is much more difficult. To make a correct diagnosis, the doctor may send you for tests. As a rule, if cystitis is suspected, a general and biochemical analysis of urine is performed, an ultrasound of the pelvic organs is done. Bacteriological culture will help you accurately determine the type of pathogen and its sensitivity to various types of antibiotics, antifungals, etc.

Girls suffer from cystitis much more often due to the fact that the female urethra is wider and shorter. Infection through this channel spreads much easier than through the narrow and long male urethra. Nevertheless, a boy can get sick with cystitis - this also happens. Boys are more likely to develop chronic cystitis, and girls suffer from an acute manifestation of the disease. With cystitis in a boy, you need to clarify the diagnosis with a doctor, because pain during urination may indicate phimosis - when the impossibility of fully opening the glans penis leads to stagnant processes. In this case, the pain is brought by the remains of urine salts under the foreskin. The symptoms of the diseases are similar, although they have a completely different nature. Therefore, only a doctor should deal with the situation.

Why does cystitis occur?

The causative agents of cystitis can be bacteria, fungi, viruses and other harmful microorganisms. Here are some reasons for the development of cystitis in a child.

Most often, exacerbation of cystitis occurs against the background of hypothermia. You can not swim in cold water, sit on concrete, dress lightly in the cool season, play on the cold floor. All this leads to the beginning of the inflammatory process.

Fungi and bacteria can become active against the background of a decrease in immunity with frequent illnesses in a child.

Unbalanced nutrition, untimely introduction of complementary foods, lack of natural vegetables and fruits in the diet can lead to the fact that the baby develops vitamin deficiency, which is also the cause of an exacerbation of cystitis.

Non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene is another reason for the development of cystitis. Panties need to be changed every day, otherwise dirty laundry can become a provoking factor in the development of the inflammatory process. The same applies to diapers - they should be changed every 3-4 hours, otherwise they will become a breeding ground for infections.

Various chronic diseases of the genitourinary system often lead to cystitis. Often, kidney disease and cystitis occur simultaneously.

The causative agents of cystitis can enter the urethra through the anus and genital tract. Improper hygiene often leads to cystitis in girls. If a child wipes his bottom after a bowel movement from the anus towards the vagina, a piece of feces can enter the urethra. In the urethra, inflammation begins, which quickly rises to the bladder.

Cystitis can occur against the background of untimely emptying of the bladder. Children often flirt, an interesting game does not allow you to go to the toilet. If the baby constantly suffers, this can also provoke the development of cystitis.

Cystitis can be acute or chronic. Acute cystitis develops very quickly, proceeds rapidly, it has obvious symptoms, the acute form of the disease can be completely cured in 7-10 days. Chronic cystitis is a frequent inflammation of the bladder, which occurs less acutely, but constantly, with the slightest hypothermia. Chronic cystitis can be cured, but this takes quite a long time. Even if the treatment has given a result, and the symptoms have receded, you should not stop taking the drugs, otherwise the disease will again become chronic.

Before prescribing drugs, the doctor must identify the nature of the disease and the type of pathogen. If it is bacteria, antibiotics will be needed, if fungi - antimycotic agents, if a virus is affected, antiviral drugs will be needed. This is very important, because antibiotics will not help against the virus, but will only increase the number of fungi. Here are the main directions of drug therapy that will help you suppress the development of cystitis.

1. Antibiotics. In most cases, cystitis is caused by bacteria, so antibiotics are often used in the fight against the disease. It is better to prescribe antibiotics only after bacteriological culture, when the greatest sensitivity of bacteria to a particular drug will be revealed. Uncomplicated cystitis in children is usually treated with drugs such as Pefloxacin, Ofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Levofloxacin, Amoxiclav, Monural. For the treatment of young children, a suspension is used, older children can swallow tablets and capsules. The antibiotic must be taken strictly at regular intervals. Along with antibiotic therapy, probiotics and prebiotics are required to support the intestinal microflora and avoid constipation and diarrhea.
2. Antifungal drugs. They are prescribed for candidal cystitis. It occurs rarely, almost always in conditions of lack of sufficient hygiene. The most effective and common antifungal agents are Diflucan, Nystatin, Fucis, etc.
3. Uroseptics. This is a group of drugs that cleanses the urinary system from various microorganisms. Among them, Kanefron can be distinguished - a strong herbal preparation that improves the functioning of the kidneys and urinary system. Kanefron is safe enough even for pregnant women and young children.
4. Diuretics. A sufficient amount of excreted fluid from the body reduces the concentration of germs and bacteria in the bladder. Among such funds, Veroshpiron, Diakarb, Furosemide, etc. can be distinguished.
5. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. They are necessary in the acute course of the disease, when the baby cries a lot and runs to the toilet very often. You can give your child antispasmodics - NO-shpu or Papaverine to relieve spasm of the muscle layer of the bladder. Any anti-inflammatory drug based on Ibuprofen and Paracetamol will help get rid of pain and lower body temperature.
6. Vitamins. They are necessary to improve the child's immunity, to restore damaged bladder tissues. For tissue regeneration, it is necessary to take vitamins PP, A, C and group B.

In some acute cases, physiotherapy procedures are prescribed as part of complex treatment. This is an antiseptic and antimicrobial treatment of the bladder, which is carried out through the urethral canal. Remember, only a doctor can prescribe medication. Self-medication is effective only for relieving acute symptoms, it is very difficult to suppress the disease completely without drug therapy, cystitis can become chronic.

How to relieve the symptoms of cystitis in a child

As you know, the disease is quite painful, the baby is naughty and cries. Here are some tips and tricks to help you ease your symptoms and speed up your recovery.

1. Peace. First of all, the doctor prescribes bed rest for the child. It is necessary to exclude walks or walk only with a stroller. Give up outdoor games, at least in the first 2-3 days of illness. This is quite difficult to do, because as soon as the child's condition improves, he begins to jump around the bed and bed, it is impossible to put him down. Try to find calm games, read books, watch cartoons, build construction sets, etc.
2. Warm. Applying heat to the perineum will help relieve pain and reduce the urge to urinate. Fill a glass bottle with hot water, close it tightly so that the child does not burn, wrap it in a towel and apply it tightly to the crotch. Doctors do not recommend applying heat to the lower abdomen, otherwise inflammation can rise to the kidneys. At high temperatures, warm compresses should not be done. Instead of a bottle, you can apply a bag of heated salt, a heating pad, etc. The general warming of the body is very useful - if possible, go to the bathhouse with a child over three years old.
3. Baths. This is another great way to relieve urethral pain. You can place the child completely in the bath or prepare a healing composition in the basin and ask the baby to just sit in it with a booty. The water should be warm and comfortable, around 37-38 degrees. As a solution, you can use decoctions of medicinal herbs. Pharmacies have special fees that are designed for various diseases. For cystitis and other diseases of the genitourinary system, it is useful to brew decoctions from plants such as flax, thyme, clover, celery, yarrow, chamomile, juniper, etc. They will quickly relieve inflammation and relieve acute pain. You can make baths 5-7 times a day, depending on the severity of the course of the disease.
4. Plentiful drink. Harmful microorganisms actively multiply in the cavity of the bladder mucosa. You can reduce their number with frequent urination. That is, in fact, we simply wash out the bacteria from the affected organ. To do this, you need to provide the child with a plentiful drinking regimen. It is necessary to give the baby to drink what he wants - compotes, fruit drinks, milk, diluted juices, water, sweet tea. Herbal decoctions are very useful - for example, chamomile. It perfectly relieves inflammation and soothes the mucous membrane. You can drink rosehip broth - it is not only tasty and healthy, but also has a diuretic effect. It is effective to give the child alkaline mineral water - it has a slight anti-inflammatory effect. The main thing is that the baby drank at least one and a half liters of water per day. Then recovery will come much faster.
5. Diet. Salt and various spices penetrate along with urine to the bladder, irritating the mucous membrane of its walls. Therefore, spicy and salty dishes should be abandoned for now in order to reduce pain. In addition, you need to provide the child with a balanced and varied diet, which will help get rid of beriberi and improve immunity. In the diet of the baby every day should be dairy products, vegetables, fruits, meat, cereals, greens. In the fight against cystitis, it is useful to eat fermented milk products - kefir, fermented baked milk, yogurt.
6. Hygiene. Since a huge amount of bacteria is excreted along with the urine of the child, you need to change linen and diapers more often, wash yourself every 6-7 hours and after each bowel movement. Teach the girl how to use toilet paper correctly - wipe the ass from the vagina towards the anus.

Cystitis is quite common, its treatment does not present any particular problems. But if you do not pay attention to the disease in time, cystitis can turn into serious complications. Among them are pyelonephritis, vesicoureteral reflux, urinary incontinence, genital infections, up to infertility in girls. Consult a doctor in time - a urologist or nephrologist deals with the problems of cystitis.

Video: cystitis in children

Cystitis in a child at the age of 2 appears most often due to the pathological activity of bacteria and exposure to cold. There are some difficulties in diagnosing pathology, since two-year-old children cannot talk about their feelings: they signal painful symptoms with crying and anxiety.

Forms of cystitis in children

Inflammation can be acute or chronic. Young children tend to have an acute form of the disease. It develops as a result of penetration into the bladder of a bacterial infection. Manifestations of this form of the disease are pain and pain during urination.

Chronic cystitis in a child appears if the acute stage of the disease has not been diagnosed or treated incorrectly.

The disease is characterized by blurred symptoms: it is often difficult for parents to understand why the child is naughty and crying for a long time. The disease can be exacerbated in case of hypothermia or non-compliance with hygiene rules.

By the nature of the pathology, catarrhal, hemorrhagic, ulcerative, polyposis and cystic varieties of the disease are distinguished.

Causes of cystitis in children 2 years old

Inflammatory processes in children develop as a result of E. coli, staphylococci, streptococci and other bacteria that can cause inflammation enter the urinary tract. Rarely, the cause of the formation of cystitis is an abnormal structure of the urinary tract: hypospadias (displacement of the external opening of the urethra), epispadias (partial or complete splitting of the urethra). Sometimes the disease is provoked by pyelonephritis or worms.

Often in young children, germs enter the bladder from the large intestine. There is a high risk of ascending infection. Inflammation in children passes faster if treatment is started in a timely manner.

Additional predisposing factors:

• irregular emptying of the bladder;
• the presence in the urine of salts (urates, oxalates, phosphates);
• hypovitaminosis;
• stress, frequent colds;
• hypodynamia;
• prolonged constipation.

Girls

Cystitis in girls is diagnosed more often than in boys. This is due to the anatomical features of women: their urethra is short and wide, the infection can easily enter it from the anus. For this reason, inflammation of the bladder develops due to improper washing of the girl.

Sometimes cystitis occurs as a result of hypothermia. In this case, pathogenic microorganisms are activated, as local immunity weakens.

Boys

The disease in boys is much less common, as their urethra is longer and thinner. A specific cause of cystitis in boys is phimosis (narrowing of the foreskin). In this case, urine can be difficult to pass, causing inflammation. Due to the constant accumulation of urine and smegma residues in the preputial sac, pathogenic microorganisms are activated and inflammation occurs.

Other factors for the development of cystitis in boys:

• urinary retention;
• morphological changes in the bladder or urethra;
• neurogenic bladder;
• hypothermia;
• catheterization.

In rare cases, the infection can enter the bladder through the contact-household route.

Symptoms in children

The main symptom of acute inflammation is frequent painful urination. Pain and pain are localized in the lower abdomen, above the pubis.

Sometimes a child cannot urinate normally because of the pain. Characterized by the appearance of blood at the end of urination. There is also a change in the color of urine due to the admixture of blood, pus, mucus. With hemorrhagic cystitis, urine becomes the color of meat slops.

The frequency of urination directly depends on the severity of the inflammatory lesion of the bladder. In severe cases, false urges may occur. Typical is the appearance of enuresis, as the baby cannot hold urine due to soreness.

Other signs of cystitis include:

• temperature increase up to +38°С;
• lethargy, weakness;
• loss of appetite;
• sleep disorders;
• pronounced anxiety and crying of the child.

Chronic disease can progress in latent and recurrent forms. With recurrent inflammation, chronic cystitis worsens from time to time. Symptoms of the acute form appear: frequent and painful urination.

Latent inflammation may not appear. Periodically, children have frequent urges, enuresis. Sometimes a doctor associates such changes in the body with neurological disorders or age-related features.

Diagnosis of cystitis at 2 years

The doctor will be able to suspect the presence of inflammation of the bladder in a small patient during the examination.

Typical complaints are pain during urination and frequency of urination. It is important to study the anamnesis, the features of the child's nutrition, his physical activity.

With the help of such examinations, cystitis can be recognized:

1. General urinalysis. Bacteria and leukocytes, mucus, and blood may be present in urine. It is necessary that the urine is fresh and collected after the toilet of the genitals.
2. Complete blood count (if there are no complications of the disease, then there should be no changes in the indicators).
3. Double test. Differentiates inflammation of the bladder from diseases of the genital organs. It is used more often in girls for the diagnosis of inflammatory pathologies in the vagina.
4. Urine culture. Determines the presence of the causative agent of cystitis.
5. Bladder ultrasound.
6. Endoscopy. It is prescribed only for chronic form. This procedure is performed under anesthesia.
7. Sometimes the study of the rhythm of urination and uroflowmetry are used.

Correct diagnosis allows you to prescribe effective therapy, which guarantees the complete recovery of the baby.

Treatment of cystitis in children

All therapeutic measures in a child at 2 years old can be prescribed only after finding out the cause of the disease. Medical treatment is prescribed only according to indications. Drugs with the greatest efficiency and the minimum risk of occurrence of by-effects are selected.

What medicines can

Antibiotics for the disease are prescribed to eliminate the infection. They can only be used when the exciter type has been established. Be sure to use painkillers, anti-inflammatory and diuretic drugs. The preferred dosage form for children is suspension: it has a pleasant taste and is easier to take than tablets.

Folk methods

It is possible to treat cystitis with the help of folk remedies only according to the testimony of a doctor. This also applies to herbal preparations. The child is given diuretics, painkillers, decoctions, a vegetable and milk diet is prescribed. Plentiful drink is shown: compotes, fruit drinks. It is better to give non-carbonated mineral water.

If a child has signs of malaise, combined with pain in the lower abdomen or spreading throughout the abdominal cavity, as well as urination disorders, attentive parents may suspect a pathology from the urinary system, in particular.

Their next step should be to contact the pediatrician as soon as possible, and in case of severe pain and a significant intoxication syndrome, it is necessary to call emergency help at home. In no case should you start the disease or resort to self-medication. This can cause dangerous complications.

How to treat acute cystitis in a child

The doctor must first diagnose the disease, differentiating it from other ailments with similar symptoms. This happens on an outpatient or inpatient basis. Then the most optimal therapy regimen is selected, which will take into account the baby's age, the form of cystitis, its severity, the presence of anatomical anomalies and background pathologies.

The treatment regimen is determined only by the doctor

As a rule, an experienced specialist will not be puzzled by the question of how to treat cystitis in a child, since there is a generally accepted approach. Of course, the basis for the treatment of inflammation of the bladder in boys and girls is the use of drugs of synthetic origin of various directions. Without them, in the present conditions, when the microorganisms that cause cystitis constantly develop resistance (resistance) to antibacterial agents, it is simply impossible to effectively treat cystitis in young and older children. For a complete recovery, a whole range of medications should be used.

But modern medicine does not reject traditional methods of therapy. Moreover, the use of various ancient recipes associated, for example, with herbal treatment and some methods of heating, is an additional, but necessary therapeutic direction. Many practitioners successfully combine its use with prescribing various cystitis pills to children. It has been proven that alternative treatment methods can not only to some extent mitigate the possible negative impact of synthetic drugs on the child's body, but can also strengthen the immune system, enrich the child with vitamins, and speed up his recovery.

Therefore, the combination of the traditional method of treatment associated with medicines and a complex of various folk remedies is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the entire urinary system. Acute cystitis and exacerbation of chronic cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis - all these pathologies in childhood are effectively treated using an integrated approach.

Medicines and herbs in the treatment of cystitis in children are used together

What medicines are used for cystitis

In order to achieve a speedy recovery of the child with complete regeneration of the mucous membrane and submucosal layer of the bladder and with the restoration of its functions, a complex use of medications with various mechanisms of action has been developed.

Their effect on the bladder in cystitis in children is as follows:

• destruction of all pathogenic microflora and its removal with urine;
• preventing the penetration of bacteria into the deep layers of the bladder wall, as well as into the blood;
• reduction and complete elimination of pain syndrome;
• regulation of contractions and relaxations of the detrusor (muscle wall of the bladder), removal of painful spasms;
• regeneration of damaged tissue structures.

All this is ensured by the appointment of anti-inflammatory, in particular antibacterial and uroseptic agents, antispasmodics, diuretics, analgesics, multivitamins. In addition, for the successful treatment of cystitis, drug therapy should take place against the background of mandatory adherence to bed and special drinking regimens.

The main thing in the treatment of cystitis is the destruction of bacteria in the bladder

What antibiotics are used

Antibacterial drugs are the basis for the treatment of acute cystitis of bacterial origin. It is this form of pathology that is most common in childhood, or rather, its variety, caused by nonspecific microorganisms (E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, streptococci and staphylococci). Therefore, the correct choice of an antibacterial agent for children is extremely important.

At the very beginning of acute cystitis, preference is given to a drug that has a wide spectrum of action, since the causative agent of inflammation is not yet known to the doctor. When choosing a medicine, it is recommended to take into account the climatic zone of the patient's residence, since the type of microorganisms involved in the development of cystitis depends on this. In addition, it is very important at the very beginning of the disease, before the start of antibiotic therapy, to perform a microbiological examination of urine, but in practice this is not always done.

The characteristic appearance of bacterial colonies helps to determine their variety.

This analysis allows not only to accurately identify pathogenic pathogens, but also to determine their resistance or sensitivity to a whole range of antibacterial drugs. Sowing urine samples is carried out in Petri dishes, which are filled with a nutrient substance. Next, the growth of colonies is monitored, according to the characteristic features of which the type of microbes is established. Then special disks containing one antibiotic each are placed in the colonies. The death of the colony around the disk indicates the effectiveness of the drug and the need to prescribe it to a small patient.

But this study, while informative and useful, requires several days to complete. A child suffering from pain, dysuria and fever should be treated as soon as possible. Therefore, on the first day, the attending physician prescribes any of the following broad-spectrum antibiotics for oral administration (in the form of capsules, tablets, powders, suspensions for children):

• penicillin derivatives: Amoxicillin clavulanate (Flemoxin solutab), Co-trimoxazole, Ampicillin, Augmentin (Ampicillin with clavulanic acid);
• cephalosporins: Cefuroxime, Cefaclor, Cedex.
• nitrofurans: Furadonin (or Nitrofurantoin), Furazolidone (used mainly in the combined inflammatory process in the urinary tract and intestines);
• fosfomycin (Monural).

The choice of a drug from these groups depends on the form of acute cystitis, its severity, the age of the patient and many other factors. Each of these tools has proven itself in children's practice.

In recent years, a child from acute cystitis, with an uncomplicated course, began to prescribe such a highly effective antibacterial agent as Monural. This drug quickly destroys all pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative microflora, which can cause an inflammatory process in any part of the urinary tract. Therefore, it is prescribed in general for urinary tract infections, not only for cystitis. Violating the synthesis of bacterial cell walls and preventing their attachment to the epithelium of the mucous membrane, Monural leads to microflora death and removal from the body with urine.

He is able to stay in the bladder for a long time and sanitize it, preventing the development of relapses. Therefore, a single use of Monural is sufficient, since the full therapeutic effect is achieved with one use of the drug. It is not indicated for cystitis in a small child under 5 years of age. Older children (5-18 years old) need 2 grams of Monural once a day, the course is 1 day. Children under 5 years of age are prescribed antibiotics from the above groups, and the age dosage must be observed, and the course of treatment should not exceed 7 days. It is preferable for acute childhood cystitis to use oral forms of drugs, but if necessary, injection is also carried out.

Drugs of other groups

Along with antibiotics that free the bladder from infection, the same function is performed by uroseptics, mainly vegetable (bearberry, juniper, cranberry), as well as diuretics, which provide accelerated drainage of the urinary tract. In childhood, Kanefron, a herbal preparation, is widely used. It contains a whole complex of herbs: lovage, rosemary, centaury. Not used in babies under 1 year old, Kanefron has an excellent diuretic effect when using a solution (in children 1-6 years old) and dragees (in patients over 6 years old) in both acute and chronic cystitis.

Kanefron, an excellent mild diuretic, is necessary for cystitis in children

The removal of the pain syndrome is facilitated not only by anti-inflammatory drugs that destroy pathogens and this contribute to the beginning of the regeneration of the mucous membrane of the bladder. Pain signals enter the cerebral cortex and from deeper layers, in particular the detrusor. To relieve spasm, to regulate the contraction of the muscle layer of the bladder, antispasmodics are called. No-shpa, Papaverine, Baralgin are used in patients older than 1 year.

Various multivitamin preparations are capable of increasing immunity, helping in the regeneration of damaged tissues of the bladder. Vitamins C, A, PP, group B are indicated for the treatment of cystitis in children of any age.

Treatment of cystitis in children with folk remedies

All ancient methods of treating cystitis can be divided into three groups:

• warming methods;
• the use of herbal decoctions and infusions;
• medicinal baths.

Warming procedures are recommended only in situations where the child does not have a fever. Otherwise, the opposite effect may occur - the spread of the inflammatory process. General warming in the form of going to the bathhouse is possible in older children, while it is better for small children to warm only the lower abdomen. Heating pads with warm water, cloth bags with hot salt, mashed boiled potatoes, molten paraffin cakes are used. It is important not to overdo it with the temperature and stick to small values: 37-38 degrees. Such local warming should be done 1-2 times a day.

Local warming procedures are best done daily.

In a child with cystitis, the daily volume of fluid should be increased by almost 50%. You can give him just warm water, but it is more advisable to prepare herbal decoctions or berry-fruit fruit drinks and compotes. Cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries, rose hips in the form of compotes or fruit drinks will not only serve as a source of vitamins and save the child from dehydration, but will also become excellent mild diuretics. For the preparation of decoctions, many herbs are used: yarrow, field horsetail, calamus roots, lingonberry leaves, parsley, sage, heather branches.

Pharmacies offer various collections of herbs that can be used in childhood. Each collection is designed to relieve any syndrome of the disease. So, pain during urination can be eliminated by herbal collection, consisting of flax seeds, thyme, chamomile, lovage, clover, celery, yarrow.

Everyone knows parsley is very useful for cystitis in a child

You can sanitize the urinary tract in children with the help of warm therapeutic baths. Fresh or dried raw materials of sage, calendula, chamomile, succession, cudweed, linden flowers are steamed with boiling water, infused for 5-10 minutes, poured into a bath and then diluted with warm water. The final temperature should not be higher than 37.5 degrees. The baby should sit in the bath for 10-15 minutes. These procedures are best done before bedtime and only at normal body temperature.

Despite the availability of herbs and medical fees in pharmacies, their use in children must first be agreed with the doctor. Only the attending physician will be able to choose the optimal treatment regimen for a small patient.

Cystitis in children – this is inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder, is very common in childhood, both among boys and girls. Most cystitis affects infants, preschoolers and schoolchildren.

Cystitis is provoked by chlamydia, mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas. Endocrine dysfunctions such as diabetes mellitus, hypovitaminosis or changes in urine pH also play a significant role in the pathogenesis of bladder disease.

There are many factors that cause a child to develop a bladder infection. The most common of these are:

• chronic kidney disease (for example, incorrect and incomplete treatment);
• decrease in the protective forces of the child's body as a result of hypothermia, which leads to the development of infection;
• non-compliance with hygiene standards (mainly in girls);
• impaired urination as a result of a serious illness and containment of the urge to go to the toilet;
• taking specific medications;
• pathogens of chronic infections in the body.

Forms

In medical practice, there are 2 forms of cystitis: acute and chronic. Acute cystitis in children is more common, but not properly treated leads to chronic symptoms.

Acute

Acute cystitis in children develops instantly, possibly in the course of a couple of hours, while the mucous membrane of the bladder becomes inflamed. The acute course of inflammation in a child is characterized by catarrhal or hemorrhagic changes in the wall.

Chronic

The chronic form proceeds in 2 stages: remission and exacerbation. Chronic cystitis manifests itself with frequent acute inflammations or with poor-quality treatment.

Often the reason for the development of cystitis is the lack of attention of parents to the health of the child or if the child (mostly a teenager) does not talk about his problems.

Chronic infection affects the muscle layer and leads to their morphological changes, which are most often bullous or granular in nature.

granular

Granular cystitis is found in almost 25% of children. The granular type of infection is characterized by profuse granular rashes over the entire exterior of the mucous membrane of the bladder, but its neck and Lieto's triangle are most affected.

bullous

Bullous cystitis is also common in childhood. The bullous nature of the inflammation is manifested by congestive hyperemia. Its main feature is bullous edema of the bladder mucosa containing serum water.

Symptoms

Acute cystitis has its own symptoms, which are easy to diagnose. Symptoms of cystitis in children are divided according to age criteria:

• clinical symptoms of inflammation in boys and girls up to a year;
• clinical symptoms in young children.

The age classification of the disease is due to the fact that toddlers up to a year cannot tell us about their condition, unlike older children.

Signs of cystitis in a baby up to a year:

• high temperature (up to 39C);
• the baby becomes restless;
• crying while urinating;
• urine acquires a pungent odor and turbidity;
• the child has lethargy, apathy, sometimes there is no appetite.

In the initial period of the disease in a young child, the temperature rises moderately, pain appears in the lower abdomen. Then the following symptoms appear:

• frequent urination (the norm for urination in children differs by age category: up to 6 months 20-25 times a day, up to a year about 15-16 times, from a year to 3 - 10-12 times, from 3 to 7 years old - 7- 9 times);
• pain and burning when urinating;
• false urge to urinate every 15-20 minutes;
• urine becomes cloudy.

Frequent urination with no pain in the lower abdomen and normal tests do not indicate an inflammatory process of the bladder, but may indicate the immaturity of the act of urination in young children.

Pain and discomfort during the urination process in young girls, especially boys, often leads to acute urinary retention, that is, the child cannot urinate on his own. In this case, mothers or fathers should immediately contact a pediatrician who will give a referral to a urologist.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis and treatment of cystitis in children should be accompanied by the supervision of a doctor.

Diagnosis of the disease includes the following tests and examinations:

• complete blood and urine tests;
• urine culture;
• antibiogram;
• Ultrasound of the urea and kidneys of the child;
• a biochemical analysis of urine, which will help determine the amount of protein, nitrite and salts in the urine.

Diagnosis helps the specialist to draw up a clinical picture of inflammation and identify its root cause. General blood and urine tests can determine the presence of an inflammatory process in a child, the level of increase in ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), urine parameters.

Urine culture identifies causative agents of inflammation and determines their sensitivity to antibiotics. Ultrasound of the urea and kidneys of the child helps to determine the shape, size, condition of the organ, as well as the presence of any defect.

When clarifying the nature of chronic cystitis and assessing the stage of destruction of the ureter wall, a biopsy is performed, then light microscopy of the biopsy. If a baby has granular cystitis, an additional examination is necessary to detect herpetic group viruses and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of blood serum.

Treatment

Treatment of cystitis in children should be comprehensive and timely in order to avoid complications. The baby must comply with a special treatment regimen, adhere to the hygiene standards of the genital organs, use medications prescribed by a doctor and use folk remedies.

Correctly selected antibiotics, a special diet and special hygiene will help to cure cystitis in children.

Antibiotics

Often, the doctor prescribes antibiotic treatment for a child suffering from cystitis, which are used strictly according to the instructions and recommendations. Antibiotics create the necessary balance of substances in the urine. When treating with antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs should also be taken. Most often, fluoroquinol, sulfanilamide and penicillin antibiotics are prescribed. The duration of antibiotic treatment is from 3 to 7 days.

• Augmentin;
• Co-trimoxazole;
• Amoxil;
• Cefuroxime;
• Amoxicillin;
• Ciprofloxocin;

uroseptics

Often, in the treatment of inflammation, specialists prescribe the use of uroseptics, which quickly remove the infectious agent from the child's body, for example Canephron.

Canephron is a herbal preparation. It consists of centaury, rosemary, lovage.

Kanefron has antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects. Kanefron also has an antispasmodic effect, helps to reduce pain during urination. Kanefron tablets do not need to be chewed, it is better to drink these tablets whole with plenty of water. Kanefron in the form of drops can be mixed with other liquids. Doctors often recommend such medicines in drops, since it is easier for children to drink them.

Kanefron is used according to the following dosages:

• infants - 10 drops 3 times a day;
• children from 1 year old to 6 years old - 15 drops 3 times / day;
• children 6 years and older - 25 drops or 1 table. 3 times/day.

Kanefron is a German homeopathic medicine that has no side effects, which can also be used for allergic children. Kanefron is considered the best and most effective drug against cystitis., because it not only helps to eliminate discomfort and discomfort, but also eliminates the cause of inflammation. Kanefron is sold in pharmacy chains without a prescription, but it would still be better if moms consult a specialist.

Anti-inflammatory drugs

The most commonly prescribed drugs for cystitis are Furagin. These are antimicrobial drugs, derivatives of nitrofuran. Furadonin and Furagin are not antibiotics, because they do not have a systemic effect. There is a dilemma: which of these drugs is better to treat cystitis?

Furagin is a domestic drug, and Furadonin is its imported analogue. Furadonin consists of the active substance nitrofurantoin, and Furagin is based on furazidin, that is, they are almost the same in terms of effectiveness.

Furadoni is more expensive than Furagin. Both drugs have proven themselves very well, however, both Furagin and Furadonin have side effects. Furadonin tablets, according to the instructions, are used for about 7 days. In the acute form of cystitis, tablets instantly relieve symptoms.

Babies from 2 months of age Furadonin is prescribed only by a doctor. Tablets are taken according to the instructions: 5-8 mg per 1 kg of baby's weight per day. The daily dose is divided into 4 doses.

If an infection has become the cause of cystitis, Furadonin and Furagin tablets will help cure it. Tablets from cystitis Furadonin are quickly excreted from the gastrointestinal tract. When taking drugs, the child should drink plenty of fluids and, as an addition, B vitamins. If the child's weight is less than 25 kg, Furadonin is replaced with another drug in the form of a suspension.

Furagin tablets are very popular in the treatment of cystitis, as bacteria do not get used to the main component (furazidin). Furagin tablets are prescribed to children at a dosage of 5 mg per kg of body weight. In the instructions, there is no unambiguous answer about at what age the tablets can be used.

Sometimes they write that Furagin is allowed to be taken from the age of 1 year, other instructions indicate that the use of the drug up to 3 years is prohibited.

Diet

In order for parents to be able to fully cure their babies, during treatment and after it is necessary to monitor their nutrition. The diet should exclude spicy, sour, fried, smoked and sweet foods from the diet. The diet also does not provide for the use of citrus fruits.

The diet of your boys and girls with cystitis should consist of the following foods:

• dairy products, especially yoghurts;
• milk porridge;
• lean meat;
• fruits and vegetables.

The diet for acute and chronic cystitis is aimed at washing the walls of the bladder. That is, the diet should be saturated with diuretic foods. Diet for inflammation of the bladder should exclude spices, soy sauce, garlic, pepper.

Probably everyone will agree with me that the disease of children is worst tolerated by parents, and not by the baby himself. It is adults who repeatedly meet with many symptoms of various diseases, they know that severe pain can begin, that negative consequences from any disease and its transition to a chronic form cannot be ruled out.

Perhaps such knowledge will move the parent in the right direction, that is, he will not postpone visiting a pediatrician or a narrow specialist.

One of the serious diseases is childhood cystitis in girls. First, let's deal with the terminology.

Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder. It is mistakenly believed that cystitis is a disease of adult women, but in fact this disease has neither age nor gender. Both adults and children are equally susceptible to it.

Cystitis is common in children. It must be understood that any cystitis appears when an infection enters the bladder. There are many ways in which infections can spread.

In different ways, the infection penetrates the urinary tract, and no one “drives it away” there. In general, she becomes comfortable there, and she begins to breed. At this time, any person, from young to old, feels a burning sensation during urination. Further, the process without obstacles passes into the bladder.

The fact is that in girls the urethra is short enough, so it does not take much time to penetrate the bladder. And due to the fact that this channel is also wide, millions of bacteria can multiply there.

And if there are no defenders from the immune system or the blood supply in this place worsens during hypothermia, then the bacteria do not spread anywhere, but remain in place and multiply, and with an excess in the channel, they pass to the bladder mucosa.

There they attack the entire organ and, without adequate therapy, either rise higher or destroy the mucous membrane and penetrate into the muscle layer. In one case or another, all this leads to disruption of the bladder.

• anxiety (the child is constantly naughty, irritated);
• the child's mood is bad, tearfulness is observed;
• frequent urination;
• a slight increase in temperature is possible;
• the color of urine is cloudy or just rich yellow.

It is easier with older children - they can already tell where it hurts, although they do not realize the cause of the disease. Therefore, it is important to ask the right questions and notice everything that he does. Symptoms in children two years old, three years old and older are somewhat different:

• frequent urination, pain or cramps during urination;
• pain in the lower abdomen or in the groin area;
• cloudy urine;
• temperature rise is possible;
• urinary incontinence.

In any case, with such symptoms, it is very important not to make a diagnosis yourself, but be sure to contact the clinic, where the child will be examined and adequate therapy will be prescribed.

These symptoms may be a sign of other diseases of the genitourinary system. And each of them requires treatment, since all this indicates the inflammatory nature of the disease. If they are treated illiterately, then you risk facing serious complications.

Turning to the doctor, you need to be prepared for a complete examination of the child, testing and other diagnostic procedures.

Symptoms of acute cystitis:

• severe pain in the lower abdomen;
• frequent painful urge to urinate;
• possible blood in the urine.

Such a picture, as a rule, occurs abruptly, often immediately after hypothermia.

With chronic cystitis, girls at the age of 2-4 complain of:

• occasional lower abdominal pain
• frequent urination, incontinence.

When the diagnosis is confirmed and we can confidently say that our two-three-year-old girl has cystitis, then we can already talk about effective treatment methods.

A lot has been written about how to treat cystitis in little girls at 3 years old, 5 years old, 6-7 years old. To date, there are many drugs for effective treatment. In addition to taking medications, treatment also includes a number of important rules.

• Taking antibiotics. Antibiotic courses are selected strictly by the attending doctor. It is extremely important to follow all doctor's orders!
• Bed rest or, if possible, rest.
• Sedentary warm baths with herbal tinctures (chamomile, sage, oak) for 10 minutes 3 times a day.
• Balanced diet. Also be sure to eat meat and fish! Fresh fruits and vegetables should be present in the diet of a sick child.
• Abundant drink. It is advisable to make fruit drinks with berries for the child (lingonberries are especially preferred, they are the most diuretic of all berries), which have diuretic properties. It is advisable to brew fruit drinks and in no case boil, since the child should receive a huge amount of vitamin C with berries. If there are no berries, drinking plenty of water can be combined with the Kanefron drug. This preparation consists of herbal herbs that improve the excretion of excess fluid. The drug is suitable for use in children. Usually prescribed 1-2 tablets 2-3 times a day for 10 days.
• Health care. During and after treatment, do not overcool, as this can lead not only to cystitis and its complications, but also to inflammatory diseases in the surrounding tissues.

Treatment of the acute stage of the disease is much easier and faster than the chronic. The chronic stage is almost impossible to cure. It is important to achieve long-term remission and, at the time of exacerbation, choose the right therapy.

Having appeared for the first time, cystitis can disturb your baby even after a while, even if you have treated it completely. It's already a predisposition. Therefore, it is necessary to observe all methods of prevention.

Firstly, attention should be paid to the rules of personal hygiene. The girl should be washed 1-2 times a day, the shower jet and the movements of the washing hand should be directed from front to back, and not vice versa. The towel for the child must be individual. The use of diapers should be kept to a minimum.

Secondly, care must be taken to ensure that the child does not overcool. In addition, all nutrition must be correct. Minimize the consumption of non-natural products - sausages, chips, canned food, fried and salted foods. Focus on fresh vegetables, fruits, meat and fish. More outdoor activities.

Thirdly, respond as quickly as possible to any ailments or illnesses. Since they reduce the immune system and the protective mechanisms of the body, which will increase the chances of infection for reproduction.

In addition, it is necessary to carefully monitor the behavior of the child, bowel movements. An important factor in the prevention of cystitis is the absence of constipation. Constipation leads to a deterioration in blood circulation in the pelvis (in the intestines and bladder). And this increases the risk of inflammatory diseases. The chair should be regular, so the child's menu should contain fermented milk products, fiber.

The most dangerous in the disease of cystitis are possible complications.

The first and most formidable complication is pyelonephritis. The infection ascends through the ureters to the kidneys, where it remains, causing inflammation of the kidneys. Pyelonephritis is difficult to treat and dangerous for a woman because even after achieving a long-term remission, this disease worsens during pregnancy, increasing the risk of negative effects on the fetus.

Another serious consequence of cystitis can be vesicoureteral reflux. In a healthy body, fluid flows in only one direction, and urine is excreted.

With this complication, after inflammation of the bladder mucosa, the muscles can no longer perform the correct emptying of the bladder, and urine can be thrown back into the ureters. And this is dangerous because infected urine, getting into the ureters, will cause an inflammatory process there.

One of the dangerous and irreversible complications of inflammation of the bladder is interstitial damage to its walls. Interstitial cystitis is a process of inflammation that passes from the mucosa to the muscle layer and disrupts the functioning of the entire bladder as a whole.

The symptoms of this disease are the same as in acute cystitis, only the pain is much stronger, and their intensity increases depending on the fullness of the bladder itself. The urge to urinate is frequent and occurs spontaneously, disappears immediately after emptying the bladder.

All complications are treated with antibiotics and physiotherapy. But despite even the immediate start of therapy, there is a chance of encountering complications in the future.

Monotherapy is always ineffective, that is, it will not be possible to treat only with antibiotics, warm baths or diuretic herbs and berries. All treatment should be complex, and then there is a chance to recover from this disease.

It is very important to consult a doctor at the first symptoms, follow all the doctor's instructions - this is your duty towards the child and his health.

Cystitis is an inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the bladder. The disease affects children of both sexes and at any age. Those that are older will say about discomfort, but, here, babies express concern only by crying. Moms can attribute this behavior to intestinal colic or teething. This is the danger and deceit of cystitis. If left untreated, it will become chronic. Therefore, it is better to visit a doctor once again than to face the consequences of an untreated disease.
Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder, which most often occurs against the background of a bacterial infection. Cystitis begins with an infection in the bladder:

• viruses;
• fungi;
• bacteria.

The development of the disease is facilitated by favorable conditions for the active reproduction of pathogenic microflora:

• hypothermia;

• non-compliance with personal hygiene;
• low immunity;
• avitaminosis;
• genetic predisposition;
• chronic diseases of the genitourinary system;
• treatment with sulfonamides or urotropin;
• Babies rarely change diapers.

Girls are 6 times more likely to be affected by this disease compared to boys: It is easier for infections to ascend into the bladder through a wide and short urethra than through a long and narrow one. The disease is more often diagnosed at the age of 1-3 and 12-16 years. In the first case, this is due to the fact that young children can play outside or on the cold floor for a long time, even if they are very cold. And teenagers get cold because they want to look fashionable and dress inappropriately for the weather.

The disease in young children is difficult to detect in time.

Classification of cystitis according to the causes that led to inflammation:

• Primary- the disease arose independently.
• Secondary- it developed against the background of other pathologies (bladder stones, urethritis and others).

Variations for reasons:

• Infectious- caused by pathogenic microorganisms.
• non-infectious- developed against the background of allergies, treatment with certain drugs, as a result of chemical or thermal exposure.

Flow shape:

• Spicy- inflammation with bright and rapidly developing symptoms.
• Chronic- sluggish current and weakly manifesting itself disease. It is characterized by a change in periods of exacerbation and remission (when nothing bothers).

By severity:

• Cervical(only the bladder neck is affected).
• Trigonite(inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cystic triangle).
• diffuse(the surface of all walls is included in the process).

Attention! If left untreated, acute cystitis becomes chronic. It is important to detect it in time to avoid complications. You can suspect the disease in babies in infancy by the following signs:

• temperature rise to 38-39 degrees;
• frequent crying, especially when urinating;
• urine becomes cloudy (sometimes dark);
• going to the toilet in the "small" more than 3 times an hour.

Children of preschool and school age may additionally complain about:

• lower abdominal pain;
• difficult and frequent urination;
• urinary incontinence (sometimes);
• false urge to urinate.

Attention! An increase in temperature in young children who cannot describe their condition can be associated with a cold. And you will treat the baby from it, and not from cystitis. Then the disease will turn into a chronic inflammatory process that is difficult to treat. The bladder and kidneys are close. These organs are connected by the ureters. They can carry infection. If cystitis first developed, then if untreated, pathogens rise up the channels and can cause pyelonephritis. And vice versa: inflamed kidneys can lead to bladder infection. These diseases are sometimes diagnosed simultaneously. The symptoms of these two diseases are similar. Only with pyelonephritis, pain does not bother the lower abdomen, but in the lumbar region. Possible nausea, vomiting. But to say exactly what the baby is sick with, only a doctor can, having the results of diagnostic tests in his hands. Before treatment, it is necessary to undergo a medical examination. Cystitis is a disease that treatment is easy, but long. And if you do not follow the recommendations of the doctor, the disease will result in consequences:

• Pyelonephritis is an infection that ascends through the ureters and damages the kidneys.
• Vesicoureteral reflux is the movement of urine from the bladder to the kidneys, which is unnatural for her.
• Violation of the functions of the bladder neck (incontinence develops).
• Loss of elasticity by the walls of the bladder and its decrease in size as a result of the replacement of muscle tissue with connective tissue. This leads to partial or complete loss of organ functions, causes a rupture with a large accumulation of urine (very rarely).
• Infections of the genital organs, the consequence of which may be infertility (especially in girls).

The insidiousness of the disease lies in the fact that in the acute course it lasts 7-10 days. Then he backs off. And if, on the basis of the absence of symptoms, the medication is stopped, the inflammation will become chronic with all possible consequences. To prevent this, you need to bring the treatment to the end, even if nothing bothers you for a long time. Elena writes:

“For 4 days of treatment, I noticed that my two-year-old daughter stopped experiencing pain when urinating. The frequency of urges was reduced to the norm, the behavior became normal. I stopped giving medicines because I think it is harmful for healthy children to drink them. I am not an enemy to my child, but it turned out that my decision was the reason for the transition of cystitis into a chronic form. And only thanks to the doctor we were able to achieve a stable remission.”

Even if the symptoms no longer make themselves felt, interrupting the medication is prohibited.

Diagnosis of cystitis in children may include:

• Interview parents and the patient.
• General urine analysis to determine the level of leukocytes. By their number, one can judge not only the presence of inflammation, but also its localization: with pyelonephritis, these cells are much larger. The presence of protein and erythrocytes also indicates pathology. And the method of bacterial seeding is easy to determine the type of pathogen. Dr. Komarovsky tells more about urine analysis:
• General blood analysis to determine the leukocyte formula.
• Ultrasound procedure. Do not refuse it, it is completely harmless. An ultrasound is needed to see if changes have begun in the mucous membrane, if it has lost elasticity, if there are stones in the bladder or kidneys.
• Cystoscopy- a diagnostic method in which the condition of the walls of an organ is detected by its internal examination using a tube inserted through the urethra. It is carried out only in the chronic course of the disease.

In order not to start cystitis, for any complaints of pain in the lower abdomen and the appearance of sediment in the urine, make an appointment with a pediatrician. You can go to a urologist - a specialist in the urinary system, or a nephrologist - a doctor in charge of kidney health. It will not be superfluous to consult a surgeon to exclude appendicitis. Dr. Komarovsky, if you suspect cystitis, recommends immediately contacting a doctor for a diagnosis. The sooner treatment begins, the less pain will bother the child, and the easier it is to prevent the transition of the disease into a chronic form. After confirming the diagnosis, complex therapy begins, which includes:

• Bed rest to reduce pain and improve the functioning of the urinary system.
• special diet. It excludes salty, spicy dishes with an abundance of seasonings. When ingested in the urine, spices irritate the walls of the bladder, leading to increased pain or even the spread of infection. It is useful to consume dairy products and fruits.
• Drinking mode. You need to drink one and a half times more than usual. The causative agents of the disease are excreted in the urine. The more it is released, the less harmful microorganisms remain inside.
• Physiotherapy procedures. For local effects on the organ, Komarovsky recommends sitz baths with decoctions of herbs with anti-inflammatory properties (chamomile, sage, oak bark). The temperature should be no more than 37 degrees to prevent the spread of infection.
• The use of antiviral, antifungal or antibacterial drugs depending on the type of pathogen.

With inflammation of the bladder, it is important to provide conditions for a speedy recovery and reduce the risk of developing consequences. To do this, you need to follow all the doctor's recommendations, diet and take prescribed medications in combination with traditional medicine. A sick child needs:

• observe bed rest and personal hygiene;
• provide plenty of drink (compotes, fruit drinks, tea);
• often change underwear;
• eat more dairy and vegetable foods, excluding spicy and salty foods.

Attention! Mothers often ask if it is possible to bathe a child during cystitis. Yes, but not in cold water. Taking a bath, swimming in the pool or even the sea has a beneficial effect on the condition of the bladder in the chronic form of the disease. It's important not to overcool! Cystitis is usually caused by bacteria. Therefore, it is necessary to treat the disease with antibiotics. But a doctor should prescribe them, based on the results of urine culture for flora. Only by determining the type of pathogen, you can choose a drug to which the infection will be 100% sensitive. If the study showed that the inflammation is of a viral or fungal nature, taking antibacterial agents will not cure the disease. On the contrary, a bacterial infection can connect to it. Then the healing process will be delayed for a long time. Antibiotics are prescribed for treatment. The table below shows a list of popular drugs intended for the treatment of cystitis, indicating the effect, duration of the course and dosage by age.

Tatyana wrote:

“My son has chronic cystitis on the background of pyelonephritis. Exacerbations are frequent. And treatment with antibacterial drugs several times a year for 10 days is a serious blow to the child's body. The doctor advised Monural. You need to take it only once - at the first symptoms. The antibiotic remains inside for several days and during this time it manages to cope with the infection.”

People with cystitis are advised:

• Put between the legs, pressing to the perineum, a bottle ofhot water (heater). This will ease the pain. But you can not warm the stomach, as the infection can rise up to the kidneys.
• Drink a decoction of wild rose, prepared from 4 tbsp. dry berries and 500 ml of water. You can add honey for taste. Divide into 4 doses. Strengthens the immune system, treats beriberi, has a diuretic effect.
• Drink infusions of chamomile, motherwort, valerian, succession or lemon balm. Pour 1 tbsp. l. herbs with boiling water, cool and strain. Give your child 1/3 cup three times a day. You can take a sitz bath with the addition of this remedy. It is against pain and false urges.

Svetlana writes in a review:

“During cystitis, my daughter often cried. She had a pain in her lower abdomen. She constantly wanted to go to the toilet, but either she couldn't or it was painful to urinate. Relief came from sitting baths with infusion of chamomile. They did it several times a day."

Attention! In order not to harm the child, resort to folk remedies only after consulting a doctor. When drug treatment ends, the doctor prescribes control tests to make sure that the disease is defeated. After this, the little patient is registered and given a medical exemption from vaccinations (usually for six months). Children with a chronic form of the disease are not removed from the register, and those who have had acute cystitis are removed after 6 months. During dispensary observation it is necessary:

• Visit the district pediatrician once a month for the first six months. Then a year - 1 time in 3 months. If there were no exacerbations, then further - 1 time in 6 months.
• Take a urinalysis once a month.
• To take a clinical analysis of urine 1 time in 2-3 months.
• Monitor the frequency of urination (the next hike is not earlier than in 2-3 hours).
• Keep a urinary sheet.

Important! Urinary sheet - a table in which the results of all urine tests are recorded, indicating the date of delivery. The document is maintained by the parents of the registered baby. You need to take it with you when you visit the doctor. To prevent the disease from returning, follow the preventive measures:

For the occurrence of pathology, penetration into the cavity of the bladder of infection is necessary. The pathogen enters in the following ways:

• Hematogenous - with blood flow from chronic sources (tonsillitis, adenoiditis);
• Lymphogenous - through the lymph from the affected pelvic organs;
• Ascending - along the urethra from the vulva, anus;
• Descending - from a diseased kidney, ureters.

In healthy children, there is a natural cleansing of the urinary tract from infection. The immune system monitors microorganisms, destroys them in a timely manner. The inner shell of the bladder is protected from bacteria by a mucous secret that envelops it. With each urination, the flora is removed with urine. If the natural defense mechanisms against bacteria are violated, the pathogens more easily penetrate the mucous membranes, take root, and cause pathology. Reducing resistance to infection occurs under the following conditions:

• Irregular or insufficient emptying of the bladder;
• Hypothermia general or local;
• Violation of the integrity of the inner lining of the bladder;
• Decrease in the body's immune forces, a decrease in the production of local defense factors;
• Violation of the functioning of the sphincters of the urethra.
• Failure to comply with the basics of hygienic care;
• Hypovitaminosis, unbalanced diet, the use of a large number of sweets.

Infection from various sources is introduced into the mucous layer. As a result of the vital activity of bacteria, pathological changes in the inner wall of the bladder occur. The following microorganisms play a leading role in the development of the inflammatory process: Escherichia coli. It enters from a closely located anus due to insufficient hygiene measures, a violation of the technique for caring for the perineal area in a girl.

• Klebsiella, Proteus are more often sown in young children;
• Staphylococcus is characteristic of girls who have had sexual intercourse;
• Infection with chlamydia, ureaplasmas, mycoplasmas occurs when using washcloths, towels, bed linen after adults.
• Herpes virus, adenovirus contribute to the occurrence of hemorrhagic cystitis.
• Fungal infections occur in girls on the background of immunodeficiency, after surgical procedures, taking antibiotics.

Non-infectious cystitis in girls occurs as a result of the action of toxic substances, metabolic pathologies (excretion of oxalate, phosphate, urate crystals in the urine), taking certain medications (cytostatics), radiation exposure, and injuries. Recognizing cystitis in time is the task of parents. Manifestations are bright or unexpressed. Girls up to a year do not complain. The baby will declare trouble by crying during urination, the need to frequently change wet underwear, and an increase in body temperature. Older girls show signs of:

• Urination disorder (urge to go to the toilet after 10-30 minutes, burning, pain when trying to urinate);
• Excretion of blood in the urine;
• Pain in the lower abdomen at the end of the act of urination;
• Change in color, transparency of urine;
• Soreness in the suprapubic region;
• Malaise, weakness;
• Urinary incontinence;
• Pain in the perineum, anus;
• Urinary retention.

The severity of symptoms directly depends on the degree of inflammation of the bladder. In a chronic process, an erased clinic is observed. The diagnosis can be established by having the result of a general urine test. An inflammatory lesion is characterized by an increase in neutrophilic leukocytes, the presence of erythrocytes, bacteria. The presence of a squamous epithelium of salt sediment, an admixture of mucus, turbidity also indicates a pathology. Additional research methods allow to identify complications, to conduct differential diagnosis. Assign ultrasound, analysis according to Nechiporenko, cystoscopy, urine culture. The quality of the analysis depends on the observance of the material sampling technique. In order to exclude the ingress of secretions from the genital organs, bacteria from the surface of the vulva, perineum, it is necessary to carry out a hygienic shower for the child. Wash the container thoroughly, pour over with boiling water. Pharmacies have sterile containers. Ask the child to urinate into the prepared bowl. For children who do not control urination, special devices are sold. In little girls, urine is collected using a urinal that is glued to the perineum. Treatment of cystitis begins with regular hygiene procedures, warming the legs and lower abdomen. A diet, the appointment of uroseptics, antibacterial agents are necessary. During treatment, at the end of the course, control studies of urine will be needed to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy. Exclude spices, spices, spicy dishes from the diet. You can: fruits, lactic acid products, vegetable purees, boiled meat. For drinking, it is good to use a fruit drink from cranberries, lingonberries. Non-carbonated mineral water enhances diuresis, helps to wash out the infection. Will not allow microbes to accumulate in the cavity. Mineral water is indicated for girls over 5 years old. Take 1 hour before a meal. The number of admissions is determined based on age:

• 5-7 years - from 50 to 100 ml;
• 8-11 years - 120-160 ml;
• 12 and older 200 ml.

The use of drugs that affect the cause of inflammation is necessary for a complete recovery. In pediatric practice, the following means are allowed:

• Amoxicillin alone or in combination with clavulanic acid (Ospamox, Augmentin, Flemoxin);
• Cephalosporins (Zinnat, Cefaclor);
• Monural (effective for the treatment of the process caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus).

The antibiotic, dosage, duration of treatment is prescribed by the doctor, taking into account the indications, the age characteristics of the small patient, and the results of the tests. Phytotherapy is used as an aid. Herbs are brewed (sage, birch buds, chamomile flowers), 3 tablespoons with a liter of boiling water, insist. It is poured into the pelvis, the patient is seated for 5-7 minutes, covering the lower part of the body with a blanket. The temperature of the broth should be 37-38 degrees. Canephron is prescribed inside - a drug made from natural raw materials. A proven combination of plants helps reduce inflammation of the urinary system, has an antiseptic effect. Some parents stick to natural remedies only. Preference is given to natural products. Therapy of cystitis in girls should be comprehensive. It is unacceptable to treat a child only with herbs and folk methods. Outcomes of acute cystitis: The result of treatment depends on the general condition of the body, the immune system, local protection factors, the timeliness of the therapy started, compliance with all doctor's prescriptions. Options for the outcome of acute inflammation:

• Recovery after undergoing therapy in full;
• Complications (pyelonephritis) occur when the process is running, improperly selected therapy.
• Relapse occurs as a result of incomplete destruction of the infection, early interruption of the course of antibiotics.
• The transition to the chronic form contributes to functional failures in the body (endocrine, metabolic disorders). Correction of endogenous disorders is a necessary condition for getting rid of a protracted process.

The prognosis is often favorable. The disease is completely curable with timely diagnosis and adequate therapy.