Treatment of gardnerellosis with suppositories. Foul-smelling disease: symptoms and treatment of gardnerellosis in women. Vaginal suppositories Hexicon

Gardnerellosis (bacterial vaginosis) is a fairly common gynecological disease that develops as a result of an increase in the concentration of Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria in the vagina. A small amount of these bacteria is present in the microflora of the vagina of every healthy woman, but only an imbalance of lactobacilli and gardnerella leads to the onset of symptoms of the disease.

The most common causes of bacterial vaginosis

• promiscuous sex life;
• constant wearing of daily pads;
• violation of the rules of intimate hygiene during menstruation (untimely change of pads and tampons);
• violation of the hormonal balance in the body during puberty and during pregnancy;
• wearing tight-fitting underwear made of synthetic materials;
• long-term use of antibacterial drugs;
• immunodeficiency states.

Symptoms of gardnerellosis

The main and, perhaps, the only symptom of the disease is abundant discharge from the genital tract, which has a uniform consistency, a grayish-whitish or yellowish color and an unpleasant odor resembling the smell of rotten fish. In half of the cases in sick women, an inflammatory process occurs in the vagina (vaginitis). In this case, there is itching and burning in the vagina, which can be aggravated by urination and during intercourse.

If such discharge appears, you should contact a gynecologist for examination. Do not self-medicate, in most cases it is ineffective. Meanwhile, gardnerellosis can be complicated by vaginitis, colpitis and other gynecological diseases that will require more complex and lengthy treatment.

Gardnerellosis in men

The occurrence of gardnerellosis, as a disease, in men is impossible. However, the entry of Gardnerella vaginalis bacteria into the urethra during intercourse, especially in men with reduced immunity, can lead to the development of urethritis, which, in turn, is manifested by characteristic symptoms (itching, burning, pain in the urethra during urination). In men with a normal immune status, gardnerella, getting into the genitourinary tract, does not cause any pathological processes. Nevertheless, a man can be a carrier of gardnerella, therefore, with recurrent bacterial vaginosis in women, it is recommended that her sexual partners be examined.

Treatment of gardnerellosis

Treatment of the disease includes two consecutive stages. Moreover, the second stage without the first will be absolutely ineffective.

1. The first stage is necessary to suppress the overgrowth of opportunistic flora, which includes the bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis. For this purpose, antibacterial drugs (metronidazole, clindamycin) are prescribed, in most cases they are applied topically in the form of gels and suppositories, less often in tablet form. The course of antibiotic therapy lasts 7-10 days.

2. The second stage is much more difficult than the first. It consists in the colonization of the vagina with normal microflora (lactobacilli). Before starting the use of drugs with lactic acid bacteria, it is recommended to take an analysis to monitor the effectiveness of the first stage therapy, as well as to exclude, which could develop during antibiotic treatment.

Locally applied vaginal suppositories Atsilakt, Lactobacterin, Laktonorm. Sometimes the doctor prescribes the intake of drugs containing lactobacilli, inside (Lactobacterin, Laktonorm plus).

During treatment, it is recommended to follow a diet that excludes spicy and fried foods, spices, and alcoholic beverages. It is necessary to eat foods containing lactic acid bacteria (bio-kefir, bifid-yogurt, home-made kefir prepared on “Narine” starter cultures).

Usually, in parallel with the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, treatment and prevention of intestinal dysbacteriosis is carried out. Women are prescribed drugs containing prebiotics (Linex, Normoflorin, Bifidumbacterin).

You should also not forget that often in the occurrence of gardnerellez an important role is played by the weakening of the body's immune defenses. In order to correct immunodeficiency, immunomodulating agents, multivitamins (biomax, vitrum), natural immunostimulants (echinacea, magnolia vine) are prescribed.

During treatment, it is advisable for a woman to abstain from sexual intercourse or use barrier contraceptives.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment is carried out one week after the completion of the course of taking the drugs and the disappearance of the symptoms of the disease. Re-examination is recommended to pass through 1-1.5 months after the first.

Which doctor to contact

If signs of gardnerellosis appear, you should consult a gynecologist. Since this disease does not apply to sexually transmitted infections, a visit to a venereologist is not required. Additionally, you should visit a gastroenterologist and consult with him about the treatment of concomitant intestinal dysbacteriosis.

Bacterial vaginosis (another name is gardnerellosis) is an imbalance in the vaginal microflora, which is accompanied by the active growth of opportunistic microorganisms, leading to the development of an inflammatory process. Uncontrolled reproduction of Gardnerella vaginalis provokes severe dryness of the vagina, burning and itching of the genitals. At an advanced stage, inflammation of the vagina and uterus is observed. For the treatment of gardnerellosis, suppositories, antibacterial tablets are used, immunomodulators are prescribed to strengthen the immune system.

What is gardnerellosis?

In any healthy woman, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are normally present in the vagina, which make up to 95% of the microflora. As well as cocci, E. coli, fungi of the Candida family, mycoplasma, gardnerella, etc.

Gardnerella is a bacterium that belongs to the species Gardnerella vaginalis. In a small amount, this microorganism is present in the composition of the usual microflora, which "lives" in the female vagina. At its core, the bacterium is a facultative anaerobe, that is, its vital activity proceeds against the background of the absence of oxygen.

In the presence of provoking factors that create a favorable environment for the active growth of gardnerella, it multiplies rapidly, as a result of which the vital activity of lactic acid microorganisms is suppressed.

Worth knowing: previously, the activity of gardnerella was diagnosed as a disease of gardnerellosis. However, scientists found that other opportunistic bacteria, mycoplasma and obligate anaerobes, which can exist without oxygen, are also involved in the abnormal process, which led to the conclusion of a mixed infection. Therefore, the pathology began to be called "bacterial vaginosis".

This term is not in the ICD - International Classification of Diseases, since the new name entered medical practice after its creation.

Etiology of gardnerellosis

Bacterial vaginosis does not belong to inflammatory pathologies, it is a disorder of the microflora of the vagina, in other words, a vaginal imbalance. According to statistics, this pathological condition occurs in every third woman.

Gardnerellosis does not pose a threat to the life of the fair sex, but the disease creates certain conditions for the formation of other infectious pathologies - colpitis, vaginitis, chlamydia, etc. In its advanced form, the disease contributes to the occurrence of a precancerous condition of the cervix.

The activity of gardnerella several times increases the likelihood of a negative outcome of gynecological interventions, labor and abortion. The risk of contracting HIV increases.

Etiology of bacterial vaginosis:

• Long-term antibiotic therapy;
• Prolonged use of local antiseptics in the form of douching;
• Uncontrolled use of birth control pills;
• Hormonal imbalance, which led to a decrease in the volume of circulating blood released during critical days;
• Inflammatory pathologies of the lower genital organs, appendages and uterus;
• Promiscuous sex life with frequent change of partners;
• Lack of barrier protection during sexual contact;
• Foreign objects in the vagina, uterus;
• Immunodeficiency against the background of diabetes mellitus and other chronic pathologies.

If Gardnerella vaginalis actively reproduces, then the acidity of the internal environment changes, the pH increases to seven units and higher. Under these conditions, the natural protection of the genital organs decreases, and complications of an infectious nature often join.

Important: Gardnerella leads not only to the development of bacterial vaginosis, but also provokes the colonization of the vagina by pathogens.

In men, the disease is diagnosed extremely rarely. Usually, pathogenic microbes are flushed out of the urethra through the flow of urine. In medicine, only isolated cases are described when an inflammatory process was observed in men due to the activity of gardnerella.

But every 10th representative of the stronger sex is a carrier of the disease, contributes to its spread during unprotected intercourse. At the same time, any external clinical manifestations are completely absent.

Clinical manifestations of gardnerellosis

The incubation period - the interval from the moment of infection to the appearance of the first characteristic signs, is 10 days. Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis in women:

1. Abundant vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor. Usually they are white or gray, sticky.
2. Itching, burning of the genitals.

If you ignore the initial symptoms, then the process progresses quite quickly. Over time, the discharge becomes a curdled consistency, the color changes to a yellow or green tint.

Every fifth patient complains of problems with urination. There are painful sensations during a trip to the toilet, accompanied by itching. Microbes from urine stand out in almost all girls with gardnerellosis.

A distinctive feature of the infectious pathology is that there is no swelling and hyperemia of the vaginal mucosa, that is, there are no signs of an inflammatory process. Half of the women have cervical pathologies - cicatricial changes, inflammation, ectropion, etc.

Note: the symptoms of the disease increase dramatically after intercourse. This is due to the alkaline environment of the seminal fluid, which gives a stimulating and irritating effect on the affected mucosal walls, which leads to more abundant secretions, their intensity and fishy smell increase.

Treatment of bacterial vaginosis in women

Therapy of pathology takes place in two stages. The first step is to reduce the number of bacteria in the female genital tract. Therefore, for the treatment of gardnerella, specific antibiotic drugs are initially prescribed - Metronidazole and Clindamycin. Means are used in the form of suppositories, creams, gels, vaginal tablets.

The therapy of gardnerellosis is based on the following principles:

• The use of antibiotics;
• The use of drugs to normalize the microflora;
• Strengthening the immune status;
• Prevention of re-activation of microbes.

Antibiotics in tablets

Trichopol for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis is an effective drug that quickly destroys the DNA of a pathogenic microorganism. The release form of the drug is tablets and vaginal suppositories. The main active ingredient is metronidazole.

Contraindications to the use of Trichopolum: pregnancy, childhood, lactation, impaired activity of the central nervous system, damage to the liver and kidneys. It is recommended with caution if you are prone to allergic reactions.

Trichopol should be taken after meals. For the treatment of gardnerellosis, the dosage is 500 mg three times a day. The duration of the therapeutic course is 7 days. The disadvantage is that the drug significantly reduces local immunity.

In addition to Trichopolum, antibiotics are prescribed:

1. Dazolik - tablets from gardnerella. You can not appoint with organic intolerance, in the first trimester of pregnancy. The dosage is determined individually, usually prescribed 1 tablet twice a day. The course of treatment is one week.
2. Tinidazole is an antimicrobial and antiprotozoal drug. Take after meals with a small amount of normal liquid. Not recommended for organic lesions of the central nervous system.

Simultaneously with the described drugs, antifungal tablets are prescribed, for example, Fluconazole.

Local therapy

Candles against gardnerella are always prescribed. They are characterized by a directed action, helping to speed up the recovery process.

Local treatment:

• Terzhinan from gardnerella- a combined drug with antimicrobial, antiseptic and antifungal effects. Assign the introduction of one tablet deep into the vagina for 10 days;
• metronidazole gel prescribed 500 mg twice a day. The course of therapy is 10 days. In neglected pictures, it is permissible to increase the dosage and duration of the therapeutic course;
• Mykozhinaks - suppositories for gardnerellosis are used once a day immediately before bedtime. It is permissible to use during critical days. The period of therapy varies from 10 to 12 days.

After the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms, it is necessary to proceed to the next stage of treatment. It consists in restoring the full-fledged microflora of the vagina, which has suffered from the negative effects of antibiotics. Assign Acilact, Laktonorm, Lactobacterin.

Important: during treatment, you need to change the diet - give up fatty and spicy foods, sweet foods and alcohol; it is recommended to observe the drinking regimen, enrich the menu with products with vegetable fiber. You can not bathe in the bath, you should refuse to take baths - only a shower is allowed.

Treatment of gardnerellosis lasts for several months. Taking antibiotics for 10 days plus restoring the full microflora of the vagina. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment course is carried out one week after the end of it. After 1.5 months, it is necessary to undergo a control examination.

Gardnerella or gardnerellosis is a female disease. The causative agent of the disease is considered to be the microorganism Gardnerella vaginalis. In fact, this is an imbalance of the microflora in the vagina. Bacterial vaginosis is also called gardnerellosis.

For a normal state in the vagina, the advantage of lactobacilli is characteristic. They help form lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide. This does not provide conditions for the reproduction of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms. The causative agent is opportunistic, which is always present in the vagina. Normally, there is not much of it, it is in a dormant state.

The causes of vaginal dysbacteriosis are:

• douching;
• some vaginal contraceptives;
• change of sexual partner.

During the disease, another opportunistic microflora is activated - mycoplasma and anaerobic infection.

Regarding gardnerella, the doctor is treated as often as about thrush. According to the old qualification, this is an STI, but according to ICD 10, gardnerella does not belong to an STI. The most common lesions are the vagina, cervix and urethra.

The disease in women is characterized by the presence of scanty or copious discharge from the vagina and urethral canal. Uncomfortable sensations in the genitals, their itching and burning are characteristic. Coitus can be painful. A "fishy" odor is characteristic.

But sometimes the disease for certain women with good immunity proceeds unnoticed. They pose a risk of infecting their sex partners.

For men, damage to the urethra and the occurrence of sluggish urethritis are also possible. Perhaps the development of even chronic prostatitis or inflammation of the foreskin.

The bacterium was discovered and described in 1955. The name of one of the scientists who discovered the bacterium, G. Gardner, became the basis for the name of the pathogen.

The incubation period usually corresponds to a week - one and a half, sometimes up to five weeks.

The main cause of the disease is considered to be a decrease in the immune status of the body. It is necessary to treat, first of all, the pathology that contributed to this. You also need to adjust your lifestyle. Otherwise, gardnerella can be treated many times and a lasting positive effect cannot be obtained.

They are engaged in local treatment if bacterial vaginosis is not just dysbacteriosis, but there is inflammation in the affected organs. Correction of immunity is dangerous for pregnant women. The vagina is locally sanitized with drugs that are safe for the fetus. Such events are carried out in the second or third trimester of pregnancy.

The severity is divided into compensated, subcompensated and decompensated forms of the disease. Recurrences of the onset of symptoms of the disease are possible in the future if immunity deteriorates.

A man is more often only a carrier of gardnerella, but both a man and a woman need to be treated. But even if the couple is treated, the woman may relapse.

Treatment is aimed at the destruction of gardnerella vaginalis. Apply vaginal suppositories and tablets orally. Nutrition for gardnerellosis consists of dietary meat, sea fish and seafood, cottage cheese, dairy products, vegetables, cereals, fruits. Useful dishes from a double boiler, boiled and stewed. Frequent small meals are needed. Dishes from "heavy" meat are excluded. Fried, smoked, spicy and overly salty foods, and foods high in sugar are also excluded. The use of strong tea and coffee drinks is also limited. The use of alcoholic and sweet carbonated drinks is excluded.

Men are treated to improve their immune response and treat urethritis topically.

Treatment of gardnerella in women

Gardnerellosis in women has very poor symptoms. It is very similar in its manifestations to similar female diseases, for example, thrush.

The main signs are the presence of more often scanty, homogeneous, gray-white or yellowish discharge from the vagina with the smell of "rotten" fish. When inflammatory phenomena join, the discharge is accompanied by itching and burning in the vagina, soreness of the lower third of the abdomen and uncomfortable intercourse. The vagina and nearby organs are inflamed.

Gardnerella vaginalis itself does not cause much harm. But against its background, trichomonas, mycoplasmas, yeast-like fungi successfully develop, which can be very dangerous for the female body. So the sooner treatment is started, the better.

Gardnerella is not a dangerous sexually transmitted disease.

Very often, such bacterial vaginosis is promoted by:

• a large number of sexual partners;
• casual sex;
• changes in the hormonal background;
• douching with chlorhexidine and miramistin;
• use of contraceptives with 9-nonoxynol:
• chronic stress;
• some antibacterial drugs.

Gardnerella needs to be treated comprehensively. Treatment consists of overcoming the imbalance of the microflora in the vagina and strengthening the immune defenses in the vagina. It is also necessary to increase the state of general immunity.

The therapy should be carried out in two stages.

During the first stage, the number of gardnerella in the vagina must be drastically reduced.

During the second - it is necessary to populate the vagina with lactobacilli. The effectiveness of the second stage is due to the quality of the first.

The first step is antibiotic therapy.

We'll talk more about drugs later.

If there are contraindications to the appointment of antibiotics (for example, the presence of pregnancy or breastfeeding, allergic reactions), then the drugs are used topically.

At the second stage, a more difficult task, you need to restore the normal microflora of the vagina. Repopulate the vagina with lactobacilli. Treatment should be not only local, but also general. Since, along with bacterial vaginosis, intestinal dysbacteriosis is also observed. The course of saturation of the body with lactobacilli lasts about one month. It is necessary to increase the overall immune status of the body. To do this, use vitamin complex preparations (such as Bomax, Vitrum, Alphabet) and preparations of natural immunomodulators (tincture of echinacea and magnolia vine).

Treatment should not take place against the background of an active sexual life, and if sex happens, then only protected. To evaluate the effectiveness of treatment, it is necessary to pass control tests.

If the gardnerella remains in the body, then the treatment is extended. If a woman who has one sexual partner falls ill again, then it is necessary to treat it from a preventive point of view. Because he is the cause of re-infection.

Even if he has no symptoms, he is a carrier.

During the first trimester of pregnancy, vaginal suppositories are used. They are safe for the developing fetus.

If necessary, apply general treatment in the second trimester.

The third trimester is characterized by the use of drugs with clindamycin. The most important thing during pregnancy is not to kill the pathogen, but to reduce its number and remove inflammation of the vagina.

Untreated gardnerellosis can cause diseases of the reproductive system and MPS of the female body.

Medicines for treatment

At the first stage of treatment, antibacterial drugs are used to combat gardnerella vaginalis.

First, be sure to conduct a test for the sensitivity of the pathogen to various drugs. It is also necessary to treat the sexual partner if PCR showed the presence of a pathogen in him. Treated with tetracyclines, lincosamides and fluoroquinolones.

• metronidazole (Trichopolum);
• tinidazole;
• doxycycline;
• clindamycin (dalacin);
• levofloxacin.

Metronidazole is treated with oral tablets and vaginal tablets.

Treatment takes about ten days.

The antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent tinidazole is treated according to the course of treatment individually prescribed by the attending physician. Doxycycline (tetracycline group of antibiotics) and levofloxacin (fluoroquinolone) often treat manifestations of bacterial vaginosis in men.

Tablets for internal use - clindamycin (an antibiotic of the lincosamide group) are very good at suppressing gardnerella vaginalis. But the appointment of drugs is made only by the attending physician.

Self-medication is unacceptable.

Topically apply Miramistin solution, Metronidazole gel or Betadine vaginal suppositories.

For the prevention of gardnerella, douching should not be carried away.

Give preference to loose underwear made of good natural fiber, strictly observe intimate hygiene, and strengthen immunity. And be sure to get treated and consult a doctor. Only the doctor decides whether to continue treatment or not.

Traditional medicine against gardnerella

The first stage - treatment with antibacterial drugs prescribed by a doctor, must be completed.

At the second stage, the effect of traditional medicine preparations is good for restoring the microflora of the vagina. By regular prophylaxis, we achieve the constancy of the microflora of the vagina. But pregnant women must consult a doctor before treatment.

The first means to strengthen the immune system, at the cellular level.

On the leaves of birch, geranium, mint, celandine, thyme, flowers of pharmacy chamomile and meadowsweet, the first infusion is prepared.

The same parts of these medicines are taken. This raw material is poured with boiling water, and infused for about 6 hours. Take before meals 0.5 cup three times a day. Store refrigerated at a temperature of 4 C. Treatment takes a period of about a month. 4 times a year.

The second remedy, also to strengthen immunity at the cellular level.

Another infusion is also prepared on the grass of sweet clover, nettle, cudweed, lavender, marshmallow root and leuzea. And they also take the same portions. Infusions should be taken alternately, first in the course of the first, then the second.

Third remedy.

A walnut is used, or rather an infusion of its leaves to stabilize the amount of gardnerella vaginalis. 5 crushed raw leaves in a glass of boiling water. Or dried leaves - 1 tablespoon per 200 ml of boiling water. This infusion should be drunk little by little throughout the day. And so, about two weeks.

Fourth remedy.

Infusion of sage leaves to restore the health of the vaginal mucosa. Take this infusion between meals. 200 ml morning and evening. One tablespoon of sage is poured with two hundred milliliters of boiling water for half an hour.

If you alternately drink these infusions for a whole year, then both the vagina and the adjacent organs will be in order. These infusions are excellent prophylactic agents, and not just therapeutic ones.

There are many diseases affecting the female reproductive system. One of the most common diseases that bring discomfort to a woman is gardnerellosis.

This pathology is not considered a classic venereal disease, but its course can be protracted, and the path to a complete cure can be long.

Let's take a look at all the details: what are the symptoms and signs of gardnerellosis in women, the treatment of the disease and the possible consequences.

The essence of the disease and the bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis

A certain microflora is present in the woman's vagina, including a mass of microorganisms - both beneficial (lactobacilli) and conditionally pathogenic. Their ratio in a healthy woman is optimal for the health of the reproductive system and the whole organism.

However in certain situations, conditionally pathogenic flora begins to multiply actively, displacing the beneficial.

The microorganism gardnerella vaginalis just belongs to the category of opportunistic pathogens. Normally, its amount in the genital tract is negligible, or there is a complete absence.

In case of violation of the biocenosis due to the use of antibiotics, promiscuous sexual intercourse, the use of contraceptive suppositories, gardnerella vaginalis actively multiplies, displacing beneficial microorganisms.

Gardnerellosis is called bacterial vaginosis, which develops due to dysbacteriosis of the genital tract. With this disease, pathogenic microbes have a negative effect on the vagina, causing an inflammatory process.

Where does pathology come from: causes and ways of transmission

Where does gardnerella come from in women, what are its causes? Gardnerellosis develops for a number of reasons that gynecologists consider classic:

• the use of potent antibiotics that kill the microflora in the intestines, vagina, undermining the optimal ratio of microorganisms;
• douching, which women do on their own, as a result, the beneficial flora is simply washed away;
• the use of antiseptics for douching with a powerful antibacterial effect;
• the use of contraceptives containing the substance 9-nonoxyl, which can have a detrimental effect on lactobacilli;
• promiscuity, frequent change of sexual partners;
• sexual intercourse without contraception.

In order for the gardnerella to begin to actively multiply, causing bacterial vaginosis, several reasons are needed.

Although in females with a weakened immune system, the disease can start in the presence of one factor.

Infection occurs through sexual contact without the use of barrier contraceptives.

Is gardnerella transmitted from woman to man and vice versa, can a man infect a woman? The source of the infection is a sick woman. The main ways of infection are from a woman to a man, and vice versa.

Although some doctors say that gardnerella cannot take root in the male body, men act as the transmission of the microorganism.

Some argue that there is an oral route of infection. But it has been proven that gardnerella cannot exist and develop on the mucous membrane in the oral cavity. Therefore, this route of infection transmission is called into question.

Classification

Like most ailments that affect the female genitourinary system, gardnerellosis has a certain classification. Gynecologists often classify the disease according to the severity of the course:

• bacterial vaginosis of the compensated type - with this course of the disease, according to the analyzes, there is a slight presence of opportunistic flora in patients;
• bacterial vaginosis of the subcompensated type - the number of beneficial lactobacilli decreases significantly with an increase in opportunistic flora, including gardnerella;
• vaginosis of the decompensated type - the beneficial flora is almost completely replaced by the pathogenic one, the inflammatory process is strong, pronounced, the nature of the change in the epithelial layer.

Clinical picture

The disease can affect women at any age, including very young girls and women of age.

How does gardnerella manifest itself in women? Pathology can develop:

• asymptomatic - the disease is diagnosed by tests, the woman does not present any complaints, pain and discharge are not observed;
• with a pronounced clinical picture - pain and cramps, discharge, feeling unwell.

The incubation period of gardnerellosis in women - from the moment gardnerella enters the genital tract until the moment of manifestation - ranges from a week to 20 days. During this period, the pathogenic flora begins to gradually spread, displacing the beneficial one.

The onset of the disease is characterized by mild symptoms - slight discomfort, weak discharge. A vivid clinical picture appears on the 14-20th day - the symptoms are pronounced, the discharge is plentiful, the pain syndrome and discomfort are maximum.

The main signs indicating the development of gardnerellosis:

• Bad smell from the genital tract- often this is the first symptom of the development of vaginosis; the smell is fetid, sharp, similar to the aroma of decaying fish, which is due to the decomposition of amines due to the rapid reproduction of gardnerella.
• Vaginal discharge- their nature varies depending on the severity of the disease. At the initial stage of the discharge, they look like a mucous translucent and turbid liquid, as the pathological process worsens, the discharge becomes gray, opaque, viscous, acquires a green or yellow tint.

  At the advanced stage of the discharge, layers form on the walls of the vagina, causing swelling and redness. A characteristic feature of discharge in gardnerellosis is a bad smell.

• Sudden disruption of the menstrual cycle may indicate the development of bacterial vaginosis.
• Discomfort in the urinary tract- as the pathogenic flora multiplies, itching and burning appear in the urethra, labia, vagina, mucous membranes may look swollen, inflamed.
• The development of diseases affecting the organs of the urinary system- indicate the presence of gardnerellosis. This is due to the close proximity of the location of the genitals and urinary tract.
• Pain during intercourse- soreness can occur immediately during proximity and persist after.
• Pain during urination- occurs when the infection spreads to the urethra.
• General malaise- the pathological process can lead to a general disturbance of well-being, a feeling of weakness, possibly an increase in temperature as a result of the active reproduction of negative microbes.

Diagnostic measures

The danger of the disease is in its possible latent course, without complaints and signs. In this case, a woman, unaware of the presence of vaginosis, can infect her sexual partners. With a bright onset of the disease, timely seeking medical help is important. A doctor whose competence is the treatment of gardnerellosis is a gynecologist.

Diagnosis of the disease should be comprehensive, it is important to differentiate gardnerellez with other diseases of the urogenital area - vulvitis,.

The main methods used to establish the diagnosis:

• Gynecological examination. At the initial appointment, the doctor collects information about sexual life, methods of contraception, and the regularity of the cycle.

  Obligatory examination on a chair using gynecological mirrors in order to examine the vagina.

• during which the presence of pathogenic microorganisms will be determined.
• Taking a smear for markers of vaginosis.
• Determination of the level of acidity in the vagina using special test strips.
• PCR diagnostics is a polymer chain reaction method.
• A reaction to isonitrile is a substance that appears in the vagina with gardnerellosis and gives the discharge the smell of rotten fish.

In a woman with gardnerellez, a smear shows a low amount of lactobacilli - 20-30% instead of the prescribed 90%, an increased number of leukocytes, an alkaline environment instead of the usual acidic one. When examining a smear, it can be seen that own cells are completely covered with gardnerella.

Allows you to determine the severity of the course of the pathology, its spread to the urinary organs. After confirming the diagnosis, the doctor can additionally perform a colcoscopy to establish the presence of inflammatory processes in the cervix.

What is dangerous infection

This disease is not purely sexually transmitted, but concomitant treatment is necessary. With a long course of gardnerellosis without classic signs in the form of discharge, pain, discomfort in the genital tract, serious complications can develop.

In women, untimely and improper treatment can provoke the development of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, including adhesive disease, metroendometritis - inflammation of the muscular layer of the uterus.

Other consequences:

With timely access to a gynecologist and adequately prescribed therapy, gardnerellosis is successfully treated.

Even a neglected disease can be cured by fully restoring women's health.

How and what to treat: drug regimens

Treatment is carried out in several stages:

• destruction of the pathogen itself;
• restoration of optimal microflora in the vagina;
• general strengthening therapy - to increase immunity.

Antibiotics

The first stage, aimed at suppressing the pathogenic flora and further preventing its growth. It is important to determine the sensitivity of gardnerella to a particular antibiotic in order for the treatment to be successful.

The main groups of antibiotics used in the treatment of gardnerellosis:

Antibiotic therapy averages 7-10 days in dosages calculated depending on the age, weight of patients, and the severity of inflammation.

The generally accepted dosage is at least 500 mg per day for drugs containing metronidazole, trichopolum; 300 mg - for Clindamycin.

With mild and moderate course of the disease, a single dose of Metronidazole in the amount of 2 g is possible.

Candles

The use of suppositories is relevant when the disease is not started. Basically, suppositories are actively prescribed for pregnant women., because their plus is not a systemic effect on the entire body, but an action directly on the problematic focus - the genital tract, the vagina.

Drug therapy with supporosis is carried out within 7-8 days, in severe cases, the period is increased to 10 days. The dosage is individually selected by the gynecologist, usually the maximum is prescribed in the first 2-3 days, then the dose is slightly adjusted.

Popular candles in the treatment of gardnerellosis:

• Terzhinan- a complex preparation in the form of vaginal tablets, contains antimicrobial and antifungal components;
• Metrovagin- contains metronidazole, which is detrimental to anaerobic infections;
• Hexicon- candles containing chlorhexidine, which destroys harmful microbes without affecting lactobacilli;
• Macmirror in the form of suppositories - has a detrimental effect on opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms, additionally contains nystatin.

Other medicines

After the destruction of the pathogen, it is important to continue treatment with medications that will help relieve unpleasant symptoms in the vagina and restore the optimal balance of microflora.

Lactobacilli for in the form of suppositories or tablets for oral administration will help to establish the “correct” biocenosis, due to which itching and burning, discomfort in the abdomen will pass. For such purposes appoint:

• Bifidumbacterin in the form of a lyophilisate;
• Atsilakt in the form of candles;
• Lactobacterin - suppositories and powder.

The course of taking such funds should be at least 14 days, more often it will take a month for the beneficial microflora to take root and local immunity rises - in the intestines and vagina.

For the general strengthening of the immune system, immunomodulators are prescribed, which will help in the future to resist the reproduction of pathogenic flora.

The most effective are the following:

• Wobenzym;
• Genferon in candles;
• Immunal;
• Interferon.

The course of application is from 10 to 14 days, after a break, repetition is possible for a better effect.

Folk remedies

Traditional medicines are considered safe, their action is based on herbs and plant materials with antimicrobial and astringent effects- oak bark, chamomile, sage, string.

Apply oils that can heal damaged mucous membranes - olive, sea buckthorn.

But despite the safety, it is better not to carry out treatment without the permission of a doctor.. Alternative methods can be used in combination with drug therapy to relieve symptoms.

To destroy the pathogen and prevent the development of the disease, herbs and other remedies from oils, honey are not able to.

Popular recipes of traditional medicine in the treatment of gardnerellosis:

Optimal duration of therapy, partner treatment

The average duration of treatment for bacterial vaginosis is almost 2 months., of which antibiotic therapy lasts 7-10 days, about 14-30 days the microflora is restored by taking biological preparations, about 2 weeks are needed to raise the body's defenses.

The complexity of the treatment lies in the fact that the disease can return. At the slightest provoking factors - hypothermia, stress - gardnerella again begins to become more active. Therefore, it is important to repeat courses of drug therapy periodically.

Treatment of a partner is a must. Although gardnerellosis does not cause a severe course in men, inflammation of the urethra can occur. Yes, and a woman who has recovered from an illness can re-pick up an infection from an untreated partner.

Men are more likely to be prescribed antimicrobial agents in the form of ointments and creams.(Metronidazole gel) - they act on the focus of inflammation, destroying the pathogen. It is important to conduct a control examination for both - the woman and the partner, in the absence of infection and clinical manifestations in the smear, the disease is considered defeated.

The doctor will tell you more about the treatment of this disease:

Gardnerellosis in pregnant women

This misfortune is also diagnosed in pregnant women at different times. For the fetus, the disease does not pose a danger - bacteria cannot get to the child through the blood and placenta. But untreated pathology can complicate the course of pregnancy and the birth process, the condition of the woman herself. List of possible complications:

• premature birth;
• early breakthrough of the amniotic sac;
• postpartum endometritis - inflammation in the uterus.

It is possible and necessary to treat gardnerella in women during pregnancy. Gynecologists prescribe softer and sparing preparations with local action.

Antibiotics are contraindicated, especially in the early stages. Suppositories with clindamycin or Terzhinan vaginal tablets destroy the pathogenic flora in the vagina without being absorbed into the general bloodstream, respectively, penetration through the placenta is excluded.

Equally important for pregnant women who are being treated for vaginosis is the use of fermented milk products in the form of bio-yogurts, kefir. This helps create the right balance of beneficial bacteria.

Pregnant it is important to periodically take smears to determine the "harmful" microflora to timely diagnose and treat infectious diseases of the genital tract.

Consequences, prognosis - is it possible to cure completely and forever

If the treatment is tested correctly, with the use of antimicrobials, general tonics and medications that help restore the “correct” microflora, the risk of negative consequences for the body is minimized.

A common complication is the weakening of the body's defenses. He will need time to bounce back.

If the disease has been started, there may be problems with the urinary tract (cystitis), reproductive health (menstrual cycle failure, inflammation of the ovaries and appendages).

In general, the prognosis is favorable, serious complications are rare. The main thing is to recognize the disease at the very beginning.

Preventive measures

Gardnerellosis is an unpleasant and dangerous disease, so it is better to prevent its development. The basis of prevention is taking care of the health of the genitourinary system and the whole organism. Therefore, it is important to strengthen the immune system with the help of simple measures:

• proper nutrition;
• rejection of bad habits;
• rational mode of work and rest;
• avoidance of stressful and conflict situations.

A woman should avoid hypothermia, regularly observe the hygiene of the genital organs, and for these purposes it is important to choose the right cleansers with lactic acid, the use of which will not cause acidity in the vagina.

Hygiene should be especially careful during critical days.- frequent replacement of pads, refusal, if possible, of the frequent use of tampons.

If unprotected contact has occurred, antiseptics should be immediately applied to treat the genital tract (Miramistin, Chlorhexidine).

With any warning signs - slight itching, incomprehensible discharge, discomfort - a reason for a visit to the gynecologist.

Gardnerellosis is an insidious disease. Although it is not considered as severe as an STD, it can undermine a woman's health and worsen the quality of life. Timely detection of infection, the correct approach to treatment and respect for your body will allow you to maintain excellent health for a long time.

And in conclusion, even more useful and important information about gardnerellosis:

Gardnerellosis, which may also be known to you as bacterial vaginosis, is one of the most common types of infectious pathology that occurs in the genital area. Gardnerellosis, the symptoms of which are mainly relevant for women of the category of childbearing age and are manifested primarily in the appearance of characteristic secretions with a "fishy" smell, can, meanwhile, also occur among men.

general description

Gardnerellosis, as we have already noted, is a fairly common disease. It is caused by a bacterium corresponding to the name that enters the vaginal mucosa. A small amount of these microorganisms can also be contained in the body of a healthy woman, but the manifestation of the symptoms characteristic of the disease is accompanied by an excess of the concentration level in the vagina of gardnerella.

Bacteria are usually transmitted sexually. As for other factors predisposing to the onset of the disease, these include pregnancy, hormonal disorders, and a number of other types of endocrine diseases. The duration of the incubation period of gardnerellosis, as a rule, is about 3-10 days.

When considering male morbidity, it can be noted that in this case, gardnerellosis occurs no less often, however, the features of the course of the disease, characterized by the virtual absence of symptoms at an early stage, do not allow for its timely diagnosis.

Symptoms of gardnerellosis in women

The most favorable environment for the reproduction of gardnerella is the vagina. The features of the disease in women are in the mass reproduction that this microorganism begins to carry out, as well as in the gradual displacement of bacteria that form a normal environment for the vagina. Due to such a violation of the vaginal microbiocenosis, characteristic gynecological inflammations begin to appear.

In addition, abundant discharge of a grayish-green color of a uniform consistency and sticking to the vaginal walls also begins to appear. Also, their peculiarity lies in the presence of a specific fishy smell. Among the manifestations there is severe itching and burning in the genital area.

In particular, an increase in symptoms is noted after sexual contact due to the alkaline environment of sperm. In general, it should be noted that the interaction of secretions during gardenerellesis with any type of alkali provokes an even greater increase in the unpleasant odor. Accordingly, even the use of soap for hygienic purposes enhances this manifestation.

Launched cases of the course of the disease often develop into or into. In the case of the relevance of the disease in pregnant women, uterine bleeding is possible. In addition, they may also have a rupture of the membranes, and premature birth may begin. Subsequently, as a result of the disease in question, the newborn is underweight, the woman in labor experiences symptoms characteristic of postpartum endometritis.

Gardnerellosis: symptoms in men

Gardnerellosis is an actual disease among men, however, they mostly have no symptoms. This is explained by the fact that gardnerella are bacteria that specifically affect the squamous epithelium, and it, in turn, is located in the vagina. In men, only the first 5 centimeters of the urethra are lined with squamous epithelium, which, accordingly, affects only the navicular fossa. Thus, the male urethra is not the environment that would provide normal conditions conducive to the development of gardnerella.

In some cases, in which gardnerellosis is accompanied by another sexually transmitted disease, it becomes possible to diagnose it, which in other cases practically does not occur due to the characteristics of the disease. The course of gardnerellosis in men can occur in the form of balanoposthitis. In this case, pronounced symptoms, again, are absent, however, the appearance of a characteristic unpleasant odor in the region of the foreskin and the surface of the head becomes the determining factor for the disease.

In general, for men it can be noted that the disease is not dangerous. The emergence of serious problems related to reproductive health is noted only in cases of reduced immunity or with a sufficiently high degree of concentration of gardnerella.

Also, medical practice indicates cases in which gardenerellosis in men led to and, as well as to inflammation of the seminal appendages (epididymitis). In any case, the listed serious complications that this disease can provoke are rather an exception to the rule. The male body copes with the causative agent of the disease within two to three days. In some cases, men are noted to be carriers of the virus, which, however, excludes the relevance of the appearance of symptoms characteristic of the disease.

Diagnosis of gardnerellosis

Diagnosis of the disease in women provides for the need to conduct appropriate laboratory studies of desquamated cells of the vaginal mucosa, as well as secretions. The presence of gardnerellosis is indicated by an increased level of acidity noted in the vaginal environment, a positive result of the amine test and, of course, the presence of directly microorganisms that cause this disease.

It should be noted that a pathogenic bacterium in itself is not yet evidence of the relevance of gardnerellosis, because a small number of pathogenic microorganisms of this type, as we have already noted, is acceptable in a normal and healthy state of the body.

The most informative option for determining gardnerellosis in women is PCR (that is, polymerase chain reaction technology). It is also applicable in diagnosing a disease in men in the analysis of semen, urine and scrapings. It is noteworthy that the sensitivity of this method is almost 100%.

Treatment of gardnerellosis

The treatment provided for gardnerellosis in women is complex in itself. This, in turn, provides for a therapy focused on reducing the total number of microorganisms, as well as the settlement of valuable lactobacilli in the vaginal area with a general increase in immunity inherent in the body. Pathogenic bacteria are destroyed mainly with the use of antibiotic therapy at the local level. Immunomodulators are used to strengthen the immune system.

The most difficult, as, in fact, the longest stage of treatment for women is to colonize the vaginal area with beneficial bacteria. In this case, eubiotics saturated with live bacteria are applicable. To determine the effectiveness of treatment, special control tests are used, carried out at intervals of several weeks.

As for the treatment of men, it is carried out at the local level, while there is no need for antibiotic therapy.

To avoid re-infection, therapy should be carried out for both partners. During the period of treatment, it is strongly recommended to avoid unprotected sexual intercourse, using barrier methods of contraception.

To diagnose the disease and prescribe appropriate therapy, you need to contact several specialists: a gynecologist, a urologist and a microbiologist.