Blood compatibility for Rh factor determination. Can it be that partners do not fit together: blood types and their compatibility when conceiving a child

Pregnancy planning is a conscious step of future parents. The desire to have a child is inextricably linked with the responsibility for the health and future of the baby. Therefore, many couples do a number of medical examinations before conception in order to exclude risk factors for both the expectant mother and the child, including taking tests to find out about the compatibility of blood for conception. This examination is extremely important for the positive course of pregnancy throughout the entire period, the health and well-being of the child.
The essence of the analysis for the compatibility of blood groups before conception is that the couple is taking blood to determine the Rh factor. The results of the analysis are evaluated by a doctor, and the best answer for a couple is that the Rh factors of their blood are the same, in which case the chances of safely enduring and giving birth to a healthy child are significantly increased.

Which Rh factors are most suitable for each other

What can happen in case of unfavorable development of events

Is it possible to avoid negative consequences

What happens in the female body with a conflict of rhesus? Antibodies in the mother's body tend to destroy the child's red blood cells, in turn, the developing body of the fetus tries to synthesize red blood cells again in an enhanced mode. It is not necessary to delay the treatment of this problem, since the mother's body, after a while, can break the fragile vitality of the fetus, and cause the development of complex and dangerous diseases of the baby (first of all, the brain, speech organs, and hearing suffer).
A woman who applied to a antenatal clinic at the initial stages of pregnancy is observed by medical specialists throughout the entire period, which significantly increases the chances of giving birth to a baby on time without pathologies. When a developing Rh conflict occurs, as a rule, the doctor advises the woman. However, the final decision and responsibility for the adverse outcome of the pregnancy will be borne by the parents.

The above tips and tricks will be very useful for young couples who want to have a baby. It is very important to have an idea about the influence of blood type on conception and compatibility of future parents. Even if there is a possibility of developing a rhesus conflict, then you should not worry, great love, faith and the desire to give birth to a baby can do a miracle!

A table by which you can find out the blood type of the unborn child

Video about how conception occurs

pregnancy calculators

Here you can calculate the blood type of the child by the blood types of the parents, find out how the blood type is transmitted from parents to children, see the table of blood types of children and parents.

The division of people into 4 blood groups, which is widespread throughout the world, is based on the AB0 system. A and B are erythrocyte antigens (agglutinogens). If a person does not have them, then his blood belongs to the first group (0). If there is only A - to the second, only B - to the third, and if both A and B - to the fourth (see). An accurate determination of blood belonging to a particular group is possible only in laboratory conditions using special sera.

According to the Rh factor, the entire population of the globe is divided into its owners (Rh-positive) and those who do not have this factor (Rh-negative). The absence of Rh does not affect health in any way. However, a woman has a child with her, especially during repeated pregnancies, if this factor is absent in her blood, but it is in the baby's blood.

Blood type inheritance in theory

The inheritance of blood groups and the Rh factor occurs according to the well-studied laws of genetics. To understand this process a little, you will need to recall the school curriculum in biology and consider specific examples.

From parents to a child, genes are transmitted that carry information about the presence or absence of agglutinogens (A, B or 0), as well as the presence or absence of the Rh factor. Simplified, the genotypes of people of different blood groups are written as follows:

• The first blood type is 00. This person received one 0 (“zero”) from his mother, the other from his father. Accordingly, a person with the first group can pass only 0 to his offspring.
• The second blood type is AA or A0. A child from such a parent can be given A or 0.
• The third blood type is BB or B0. Either B or 0 is inherited.
• The fourth blood group is AB. Either A or B is inherited.

As for the Rh factor, it is inherited as a dominant trait. This means that if it is transmitted to a person from at least one of the parents, then it will definitely manifest itself.

If both parents are Rh negative, then all children in their family will also not have it. If one parent has an Rh factor and the other does not, the child may or may not have Rh. If both parents are Rh-positive, then in at least 75% of cases the child will also be positive. However, the appearance in such a family of a baby with a negative Rh is not nonsense. This is quite likely if the parents are heterozygous - i.e. have genes responsible for both the presence of the Rh factor, and for its absence. In practice, this can be assumed simply - to ask blood relatives. It is likely that among them there will be an Rh-negative person.

Specific examples of inheritance:

The simplest option, but also quite rare: both parents have the first negative blood group. A child in 100% of cases will inherit their group.

Another example: mom's blood type is the first positive, dad's is the fourth negative. A child can get 0 from mom, and A or B from dad. So, the possible options will be A0 (group II), B0 (group III). Those. the blood type of the baby in such a family will never coincide with the parent. The Rh factor can be either positive or negative.

In a family where one of the parents has a second negative blood group, and the second has a third positive blood type, it is possible to have a baby with any of the four blood groups and any Rh value. For example, a child can receive A or 0 from the mother, and B or 0 from the father. Accordingly, the following combinations are possible: AB (IV), A0 (II), B0 (III), 00 (I).

Table of probabilities of having a child with a certain blood type with the corresponding data on the blood types of the parents:

It is worth remembering that a blood type calculated using charts, tables or calculators cannot be considered final. You can accurately find out the blood type of your baby only by the results of laboratory tests.

Questions for the article

Blood is a biological fluid that makes up 7% of the mass of the whole body (approximately 5-6 liters). Today, four groups are known that were discovered by K. Landsteiner:

• O(I) - the first;
• A(II) - the second;
• B(III) - third;
• AB (IV) - the fourth.

The first is the most common in the world, as the most ancient, the fourth is less common than others. The third is also an infrequent option, but not as rare as the fourth.

General characteristics of the third group

Approximately 11% of the world's population are owners of the third blood group, in terms of the number of its carriers, it is significantly inferior to the first and second. If we take into account the negative Rh, then there are even fewer such people.

And, since a person with such blood is not a universal recipient (not suitable for everyone), it is important to take into account a number of compatibility features when transfusing:

• If a person has a 3 positive blood type, compatibility is maximized when the same group is transfused with the same Rh. That is, when transfusing the third positive into the third positive, the probability of rejection can be minimized.
• 3 positive blood group and 3 negative cannot enter into compatibility: rejection occurs, which is deadly;

• 1 blood group and 3 blood group have compatibility. The carrier of the first may well become a donor for a person with the third, but not vice versa.
• 2 blood group and 3 human blood group do not carry compatibility. Their mixing is deadly and is prohibited in medical practice, since the probability of death is almost one hundred percent.
• 4 is also incompatible with 3.

If it is not possible to perform a blood transfusion with the same parameters or use a donor with the same characteristics that may suit the patient, not blood is used, but plasma or a blood substitute. The transfusion of these substances is not always fully suitable, but it makes it possible to support the patient's vital functions.

Before a transfusion, it is important to remember that the third blood type and the second blood type are incompatible, and the fourth will not work either. The first is suitable for the third, but in this case it will be necessary to check the individual compatibility of the Rh factors, their difference during transfusion is unacceptable.

The value of the Rh factor

This concept was first discovered in 1940 by scientists K. Landsteiner and A. Wiener, and now it is difficult to overestimate its importance.

It refers to proteins that are found in red blood cells, is inherited and does not change during life.

Today, 85% of the world's population is Rh positive and only 15% is Rh negative.

Its meaning is as follows:

• When transfusing blood with different Rhesus, there is a high probability of death. For example, 3 negative blood type will only be compatible with 3 negative or 1 negative;
• The difference in Rh can lead to the death of a child in the womb if he is Rh-positive, and the mother is Rh-negative.

The latter is due to the fact that a woman's body perceives a child with a different Rh factor from her as a foreign body or infection. As a result, the woman's body is actively struggling with the object that disturbs it, which leads to a miscarriage or placental abruption. Especially often this happens in cases where a woman has a high level of immunity defense.

However, it is important to take into account that, for example, the third positive blood group and the second positive on the compatibility of the fetus and mother during pregnancy do not have a big effect if it proceeds normally and the blood of the mother and child does not mix.

The influence of blood type on the course of pregnancy

As already mentioned, the Rh factor plays an important role in carrying a child. But the blood type is also important. Before deciding to conceive a child, it is recommended to determine the level of compatibility of indicators of partners, otherwise it may occur about rejection. This occurs when the characteristics of the blood of the mother and child do not match. The course of this conflict is most difficult if the mother is the bearer of the second or first group, and the child is the third.

It is important to remember that during the normal course of pregnancy, conflict does not arise, since the blood of the mother and fetus does not mix. The risk of conflict increases only with a problematic pregnancy.

To better understand the possibility of problems, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the data in the table. So, if the mother has the third group, the owner of the first and third will become a suitable father, while with the second and fourth there is a possibility of rejection.

Tablecompatibility of mother and father groups

Rhesus conflict, which occurs when the Rhesus of the mother and fetus do not match, can cause:

• Spontaneous abortions;
• stillbirth;
• Stops the development of the fetus;
• The appearance in the fetus of pathologies incompatible with life.

Therefore, if Rh and blood types do not match, parents are advised to undergo special therapy courses in order to increase the likelihood of having a healthy child.

An open manifestation of the Rh conflict is observed in the last months of pregnancy. Prior to this, the difference in the blood of the mother and child may be reflected in the problems of the formation of the internal organs of the fetus (possible mutational changes).

It is important to remember that the first child in a conflict is usually born without any special problems, while the second is in immediate danger. Be that as it may, it is recommended to carefully check all indicators for compatibility before conceiving a child. And even if the first pregnancy went well, do not neglect the precautions for the second.

But even if the parents have blood group 3 positive and 3 positive, which is the most suitable combination in all respects, you need to carefully plan the pregnancy process.

Women are advised to accurately select the day for conception, which is possible thanks to special tests to determine the time when ovulation occurs. Testing is recommended to be carried out every day at the same time to achieve the fastest result.

The probability of inheritance by a child of the third group

Calculating this is quite simple. Since one of the antigens of the third group is B, one parent must be its carrier. An accurate transmission of all blood characteristics to a child is possible only if both parents are owners of the third, fourth, or even mixed groups. It is important to understand that a child with the third group cannot appear if the man is the carrier of the first, and the woman is the second.

Peculiarities

According to scientists, the combination of antigens affects not only the physical well-being and condition of a person, but also psychological. Thus, on the basis of this, a peculiar psychological characteristic of a person can be compiled.

For owners of B (III) the following features are characteristic:

• High creative potential;
• Wisdom, cunning and a certain amount of selfishness;
• Emotional speech. People with B (III) easily persuade others to their side, become skillful diplomats. Easily lead people behind them;
• Nervousness, frequent and rapid mood swings;
• Excessive emotionality, which nevertheless does not become an obstacle in building a career. Often, carriers of the third blood group become surgeons, accountants, lawyers and succeed in these professions.

Characteristic diseases

A characteristic feature for these people is a high level of immunity, however, and with this advantage, they can also suffer from diseases. The most common diseases are:

• Pneumonia;
• Depressive states;
• Osteochondrosis;
• Sclerosis;
• joint disease;
• Postpartum complications in women;
• Autoimmune diseases.

The manifestation of any of these diseases is not mandatory, but people who belong to this group are most susceptible to them. To minimize the likelihood of diseases, it is recommended to lead a healthy lifestyle and carefully monitor nutrition.

Check for belonging to a group and Rh factor

Determination of the group and Rh factor is necessary:

• During examinations that precede transplants of donor organs and tissues;
• Before transfusion;
• Before conceiving a child;
• When examining inpatients.

You can take the test at any clinic in the city. For this, blood is taken from a vein, sometimes from a finger. Recommendations:

• Do not eat within four hours before the procedure;
• Donate blood at least two weeks after the end of treatment. This is due to the fact that even a drug like Furocef can linger in the body for up to two days;
• If a break in medication is contraindicated by a doctor, indicate which medications you are taking. Suppression of these facts can negatively affect the results;
• It is undesirable to eat fried and fatty foods the day before the procedure;
• Do not be nervous;
• Eliminate the use of alcohol before donating blood;
• Minimize physical activity.

B(III) is a relatively rare group compared to the first and second, but this is not a minus or a problem. The third negative is much less common than the positive, plus - there is a possibility of an Rh conflict if a woman who is the owner of the third negative carries a child with a positive Rh factor, but this is not a reason to panic.

Determining the Rh factor and belonging to a group is simple, the next step, if this problem concerns the birth of a child, will be complex therapy that will help minimize the likelihood of an Rh conflict with a subsequent negative impact on the development of the child.

The percentage of people with type 3 blood is 11%. It is believed that it appeared during the migration of primitive people from Africa to the Eurasian continent. The third blood type is the most common among Jews. This fact served as the basis for the assumption about the formation of this group in Egypt, while the Jewish tribes were there.

In children

The first bearing of an Rh-negative mother has a chance to end successfully. Antibodies are formed slowly and can be aggressive at the end of pregnancy, causing hemolytic anemia in newborns, which doctors know how to deal with.

In the next pregnancy, a woman enters with a high titer of antibodies, so the risk of miscarriage increases. Rh-negative women who decide to have an abortion should be reminded. They run the risk of remaining childless because antibodies accumulate regardless of the outcome of the pregnancy. The problem has a solution. If, after an abortion or childbirth, anti-Rhesus globulin is administered, which inactivates antibodies. In this case, the chance of having the next healthy child increases.

Character and blood type

• Meat-beef, turkey;
• Offal-liver;
• Fish-carp, herring;
• Seafood-squid;
• Cow butter, hard cheese;
• Green pea. Bread is black;
• Black tea, coffee;
• Green onions, potatoes, cucumbers;
• Melon, pumpkin, garlic;
• Pears, cherries, figs, raisins, apples.

Contraindicated:

• Meat-poultry, pork, heart;
• Perch, shellfish, crayfish, smoked salmon;
• Processed cheese, ice cream, tomato ketchup, sunflower seeds;
• Peanut;
• Lentils, buckwheat, pearl barley, muffin;
• Radishes, tomatoes, persimmons;
• Strong alcohol, mineral water.

Traditional medicine

What is useful:

• Raspberries, sage grass, rose hips;
• Parsley, ginger, aerial part of mint;

Moderately harmful include:

• Hawthorn fruits, dried St. John's wort, burdock rhizome;
• Valerian herb, chamomile flowers, yarrow herb;
• Echinacea, oak bark, birch buds

Harmful consider aloe, mother and stepmother foliage, linden, clover flowers, blackhead, hop cones.

The list of preferences and restrictions is useful for forming a menu for those who want to lose weight. Physical exercises are useful: cycling, running, swimming.

Knowing the preferences of your group helps people make their lives better. A well-known fact: about forty percent of American moneybags have the third blood type.

When planning a pregnancy, a married couple needs to undergo certain examinations. At the same time, it is important to find out the compatibility of blood types for conceiving a child, because this will avoid many complications during gestation and ensure the healthy development of the crumbs.

You can take a special analysis to determine the blood type of parents and the Rh factor at any clinic. The results will help the gynecologist make the right appointments during the gestation period in order to minimize the possible influence of different Rh factors of parents on the baby.

The blood typing system is based on specific sets of A and B proteins. Geneticists define them as alpha and beta agglutinogens.

Group 1 - alpha and beta agglutinogens are absent

Group 2 - alpha agglutinogens are present

Group 3 - beta agglutinogens are present

Group 4 - alpha and beta agglutinogens are present

You also need to know the value of the Rh factor, since it is he who affects the compatibility of blood for conception. Allocate Rh factor negative and positive. In the event that human erythrocytes contain specific proteins and antigens, a positive Rh is diagnosed. If they are absent, it is negative.

There is an opinion that women with the first group do not experience problems with bearing and they have healthy babies. Such people are the best donors, because this blood type has excellent compatibility with all others (in case of a Rh match). It is believed that these people prefer to eat meat products. It is believed that people with the second blood type are more fond of vegetable and fruit dishes. And on the third - they prefer flour.

Myths about compatibility

On the Internet, a compatibility table for the blood type for conceiving a child roams.

Allegedly, women with the first blood group are incompatible with men of the second, third and fourth. Women with the second - with men who have the third or fourth group, etc. There is another opinion: if the spouses have the same blood type, then conception is unlikely, or in this case, weak children are born.

Obstetrician-gynecologists say: all this is complete nonsense. Such tables have nothing to do with medicine, they are completely invented by unscrupulous "healers" or illiterate authors of articles. The blood of the parents does not affect the conception of the child!

To remove the last doubts, conduct a small survey of your own parents, relatives or friends who have children. You will see that babies are born to couples with a wide variety of combinations of blood types: 1 and 2, 2 and 4, 1 and 4, and so on.

In some rare cases, a woman cannot become pregnant due to a so-called immunological incompatibility. A man's seminal fluid contains certain components that are rejected by a woman's immune system. The partner develops a kind of "allergy" to the man's sperm. In some articles, this phenomenon is associated precisely with the blood group. But blood has nothing to do with it, this phenomenon is of a completely different order. By the way, such incompatibility is successfully treated.

Rhesus conflict

When parents have the same Rh factor, it is safe to say that they will have excellent compatibility. Determination of compatibility by Rh factor is an important component in planning pregnancy. Having the right information and, accordingly, receiving the right medical treatment, such couples can significantly reduce the risk of spontaneous abortions and avoid problems with the health of the unborn baby.

If the mother has a Rh plus sign, and the father has a minus sign, then this will not affect conception in any way. Moreover, geneticists say that in most cases, the baby is also born “positive”. In this case, we can say that the parents are compatible for conceiving a child.

If the situation is the opposite (mother - minus, father - plus), then this can lead to certain problems. If the child inherits a negative Rh from the mother, then everything will be fine. If the fetus has +, and the pregnancy is not the first, then a conflict is possible.

See table.

The conflict will not affect conception, but it may interfere with the natural development of the fetus or the pregnancy may end in spontaneous abortion.

The female body perceives the baby as something alien, from which you need to get rid of. Active confrontation between mother particles and protein in the cells of the baby leads to a conflict that significantly affects the condition of the fetus. And pregnancy is accompanied by such unpleasant complications as severe toxicosis, general weakness and severe fatigue.

pregnancy and rhesus

Even if a woman has a negative Rh and a man has a positive one, conflict usually does not occur at the first conception, since the mother's body has not yet developed antibodies to foreign proteins. Therefore, it is especially dangerous for Rh-negative women to have an abortion if she is pregnant for the first time.

But subsequent pregnancy due to exposure to antibodies, as a rule, causes certain difficulties. The following diseases of the mother provoke an increase in the number of antigens:

• preeclampsia;
• Diabetes;
• Increased tone of the uterus.

The result of such a conflict can be anemia, jaundice, dropsy in a baby. However, this does not mean that such couples do not have a chance to give birth. If all the recommendations of the attending physician are followed, a healthy child will be born.

• Find out the Rh factor of the baby with a chorion biopsy;
• Periodically destroy antibodies by administering immunoglobulin;
• If necessary, puncture the umbilical cord of the fetus;
• Appointment of anti-allergic drugs and vitamin complexes;
• If a danger to the life of the mother or child is predicted, induce labor.

The best way out in this situation would be to register with a gynecologist long before pregnancy planning, if you want a second child. In this case, the woman will be prescribed the introduction of anti-Rhesus immunoglobulin, which will significantly reduce the risk of possible complications.

What group will the child have

Parents are also interested in what group and Rhesus their baby will have. Will they inherit the characteristics of the blood of mom or dad, or will their indicators be different? Geneticists say that children inherit blood counts in the same way as other signs.

If mom and dad are owners of the first blood group, then their crumbs will also not have an antigen in the blood;

Parents with the first and second group will pass on their groups to the offspring;

If the spouses are owners of the fourth group, then their child can be born with any indicator other than the first;

The presence of parents of groups 2 and 3 makes it possible for the baby to be born with any of the four possible groups.

As for the Rh factor, everything is much simpler here. The presence of negative indicators in parents indicates that the child will be born with the same sign. If mom and dad have different rhesus, then the baby can have both positive and negative rhesus.

Competently: obstetrician-gynecologist answers questions

Our consultant is an obstetrician-gynecologist Elena Artemyeva.

- I have 1 positive blood type, and my husband has 1 negative. Is this bad for our unborn child?

- Not. Such a difference will have no effect on either conception or pregnancy.

- Both my husband and I have the third group, Rh positive. I heard it's bad for conception.

- Blood type does not affect conception in any way.

- I can't get pregnant. Could this be due to the fact that my husband and I have the same blood type (2) and the same Rh factor (+).

- No, he can not. Look for the cause in the state of reproductive health, you need to be examined.

- If I have 1 negative and my husband has the same, is it bad for the unborn child?

- No, in your case there will be no Rh conflict, since the child will have a negative Rh factor.

I am Rh negative and my husband is Rh positive. The first child was born healthy. During the second pregnancy, the doctors did not detect the conflict in time, and the child died. What now to do so that the third pregnancy goes well?

- You need to prepare for such a pregnancy in advance. One option is to "purify" the blood of already existing antibodies (for example, using plasmapheresis), so that the risk is minimal. During pregnancy, antibodies to the Rh factor should be monitored monthly. As soon as signs of sensitization appear, do plasmapheresis.

Another option is to do eco. In this case, Rh-negative embryos are identified and planted.

I have negative blood, my husband has positive blood. Pregnancy the first, passes normally. Is it necessary to put immunoglobulin after childbirth so that there is no conflict during the next pregnancy?

- Yes, this must be done within the first 72 hours after delivery.