The message about south korea is brief. Let's go back to the past. Medical centers in South Korea

Brief information about the country

Foundation date

Official language

Korean

Form of government

Presidential republic

Territory

99,720 km² (109th in the world)

Population

48 955 203 people (25th in the world)

South Korean won (KRW)

Timezone

Largest cities

Seoul, Incheon, Gwangju, Busan, Daegu

$1.457 trillion (12th in the world)

Internet domain

Telephone code

South Korea- this is usually called a beautiful, prosperous and original country, located on the eastern outskirts of Asia, in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. The official name of the state is the Republic of Korea.

Video: Korea

Basic moments

Korea boasts an outstanding history, rich culture and amazing nature. Its shores are washed by the waters of the three seas that are part of the Pacific Ocean - the Yellow, Japan and South, as the Koreans themselves call the Korea Strait. Along the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan stretch the East Korean Mountains, whose numerous spurs cover the entire eastern half of the peninsula, creating intricate labyrinths. Closer to the southern shores, mountain landscapes become so amazing that they have earned the fame of the most picturesque places on the planet.

In the mountainous regions of the country, surrounded by dense forests, mountain rivers and lakes, there are ancient monasteries and pagodas, original villages. The natural wonders of South Korea are protected by the state and are part of the national parks and reserves, without visiting which no trip around the country is complete.

The coastline of South Korea is literally dotted with numerous bays and bays, it is incredibly picturesque, which gives the local beaches a special charm. There are 3,000 islands scattered off the coast of the peninsula. Many of them are uninhabited, some have nature reserves or secluded beaches, and the largest island, Jeju, is the country's main resort.

The peculiar landscape and climate of South Korea have made it one of the most popular ski centers in the Asian region. Modern ski resorts are built here, most of which turn into sports and recreation centers in the summer.

Many attractions located in the historical cities of Korea are on the UNESCO World Heritage List, and modern metropolitan cities amaze with their modern architecture and luxurious parks. It is pleasant to spend time here in entertainment centers, restaurants with national cuisine, go shopping, wander around numerous museums.

History of Korea

The history of the Republic of Korea begins in 1945. Then, after the fall of Nazi Germany, a conference was held in Potsdam with the participation of the leaders of the three largest powers of the anti-Hitler coalition - the USSR, the USA and Great Britain. Here it was decided to divide the territory of the Korean Peninsula into two zones - its northern part temporarily came under the control of the USSR, and the southern part was under the influence of the United States. In 1948, the division of the once united country was formalized legally, as a result of which two states were formed on the peninsula: the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea).

These countries, today hostile to each other, nevertheless have a common history. Archaeological finds found on the territory of both states indicate that even in the Stone Age, the Korean Peninsula was inhabited by kindred tribes. The first major political formation of these ancient peoples was the state of Joseon (VII-II centuries BC), which in historical literature is usually called Ancient Joseon (Kuchoson). Its territory extended to the northern lands of the Korean Peninsula and the south of Manchuria.

The poetic names of Korea - "Land of Morning Calm", "Land of Morning Cool", "Land of Morning Calm" - are a translation of the hieroglyphic spelling of the word "Joseon".

In 108, Joseon was captured by the Chinese Yan Dynasty. However, the struggle of the local population against the invaders did not stop here for several centuries. Three hundred years later, several feudal states formed in the south of the peninsula. The most powerful of them, Silla, conquered neighboring territories in the 7th century, and a state was formed on the Korean Peninsula with its capital in the city of Gyeongju. In the 9th century, as a result of civil strife, Silla broke up into several feudal estates, but by the 10th century state unity was restored. The new Korean state was named Korea.

In 1232, the peaceful development of the country was interrupted by the invasion of the Mongols. In the 14th century, after the liberation from the Mongol yoke, the military leader Lee Song came to power, under which Korea again became known as Joseon. Beginning in the 16th century, the peninsula was repeatedly invaded by Japanese and Manchu troops, which led to the decline of the state. In 1910, the Korean Empire - the name the state received in 1897 - was annexed by Japan. Colonization continued until 1945

The last hostilities on the Korean Peninsula broke out in 1950. This time they were fought between North and South Korea. Three years later, both countries concluded a ceasefire agreement, and since then they have been separated by a demarcation zone, which is 4 km wide and 250 km long.

In the post-war era, South Korea experienced periods of military dictatorship, authoritarian and democratic rule. The modern period, called the Sixth Republic, began in 1987, when direct presidential elections were held in the country and restrictions on the activities of a number of parties were lifted. Despite the political crises, the country's economy has been growing rapidly since the 60s of the last century, and today South Korea, along with neighboring Singapore, Taiwan and Hong Kong, is called the "economic tiger" that has made an incredible leap in development.

Religion and culture

The main religions in South Korea are traditional Buddhism and Christianity, which came here in the 18th century. Most Christians are Catholics and Protestants. One of the oldest religious movements on the Korean Peninsula - shamanism - today is represented mainly by ritual rites. Tourists can see such mystical performances during folklore festivals and folk holidays. However, the ancient cult is not forgotten by Koreans of all faiths: many of them turn to shamans for advice and help during the hours of life's trials.

More than half of the country's inhabitants are not adherents of any religion. However, the worldview of the Koreans, regardless of whether they are religious or not, is based on the traditions of Confucianism, widespread in East Asia, an ethical and philosophical doctrine developed in the 5th century BC. e. Chinese thinker Confucius. In the Republic of Korea, Confucian ethics is mainly manifested in the relationship between people. The norms of behavior in modern Korean society are based on the Five Rules of Relationships: between ruler and subject, father and son, husband and wife, old and young, and between friends.

At first glance, you may think that Koreans are somewhat distant and arrogant, but in fact they often simply do not notice people who are outside of this system. But as soon as you are introduced to a Korean, the rules of relationships with friends will apply to you, and his indifference will be replaced by sincere goodwill.

The culture of South Korea also preserves ancient traditions. Korean music, although very similar to Japanese and Chinese, has its own structure, melody, rhythm and harmony. Traditional Korean music is based on two traditional genres: jeonggak and minseogak. Chonggak is the so-called "intellectual music", which is characterized by a very slow tempo, the sound of one note lasts 3 seconds. Minsogak - music is fast, cheerful, full of drama. Improvisation in it, as in jazz, is quite a familiar technique.

The most famous Korean dances are mugo (an expressive pair dance in which participants accompany themselves on drums that hang around their necks), seungmu (monks' dance) and salpuri (spiritual cleansing dances). A separate genre of classical art is theatrical performances, during which masked artists dressed in bright costumes perform dances and play performances, their plots are based on folklore.

Music festivals and colorful performances take place in different regions of Korea throughout the year. Especially often they are held from May to September. This period successfully combines traditional Korean holidays associated with the agricultural calendar with the peak tourist season.

Fine arts are vividly represented in the culture of South Korea. Traditional painting is dominated by Chinese motifs and elements of calligraphy; the best sculptural works of Korean masters are those depicting the Buddha, and the influence of shamanism is manifested in fine examples of woodcarving.

Korean pop culture has been taking over the world in recent years. There are countless TV shows and movies filmed in Korea that are very popular not only in Southeast Asia, but also in other countries where people from this region live.

tourism seasons

At any time of the year, the nature of South Korea is infinitely beautiful. Already in April, forsythia, azaleas, cherries bloom here in lush color, the weather is clear and warm, around +17 ° C in the daytime. This month is one of the best for excursions around the country. In May, educational trips can already be combined with a beach holiday: the sea temperature on the south coast at this time reaches +19 °С, and the air warms up to +22 °С.

Summer in Korea is warm, but capricious. The first half of June is usually sunny and dry, but then the rainy season begins, which lasts almost until the end of July. But in August, the heat sets in. At this time, the beaches and resorts of the country are especially crowded, because the Koreans themselves go on vacation this month. In summer, daytime air temperature ranges from +27 to +30 °C, sea water temperature from +24 to + 27 °C.

In September, summer does not give up its positions yet. It is usually clear this month, but the south coast of Korea is occasionally hit by typhoons. In October, the air temperature drops to +20 ° C, and the mountains gradually dress up in decoration of crimson and gold foliage. It is at this time that it is pleasant to go on a trip to national parks and mountainous regions.

In November, it gets significantly colder, and at the end of the month, the resorts of South Korea begin to receive winter sports enthusiasts. In the mountainous regions of the country in winter, the daily air temperature fluctuates around 0 °С, at night it is usually -10 ... -8 °С. It often snows here, and in 1-2 days the snow cover sometimes reaches 50-60 cm. In the north-west of Korea, in the flat terrain, it is several degrees warmer. In the south, winters are even milder. During the day it is +8...+10 °С, at night it is about 0 °С.

Cities and sights of South Korea

It is best to start acquaintance with the historical and architectural sights of Korea from the capital of the country, its main economic and cultural center - Seoul. The city is located on the banks of the Hangang River, in the area where in the 14th century there was a small settlement of Hanyang, which eventually became the capital city of the ancient state of Joseon. The Korean capital has been bearing its modern name since 1945.

The old district of the city is located on the right bank of the river, and it is here that most of historical monuments. First of all, it is worth visiting the five famous palaces of the era of the Joseon state: Gyeongbokgung Palace - the first of those built here (today the National Folk Museum and the Museum of Royal Relics are located here), Changdeokgung Palace, reputed to be the most beautiful palace in Seoul, as well as the equally beautiful Deoksukung Palaces, Gyeonghikun and Changyangkun.

Worthy of attention is the original city gate of Dongdaemun, an example of the architectural style of the late Joseon era and a recognizable symbol of the capital of the Republic of Korea.

On the right bank of the river there are also the royal temple-tomb of Chonmyo, the main Catholic temple of the country Myeongdong, the Korean house, which hosts traditional performances and dinners with tasting of national Korean dishes, the Namsan folklore village, the largest Buddhist temple in Seoul Chogyesa.

In the capital, it is worth looking into the Nyanjin market, wandering around the Amsadon archaeological park, located on the site where archaeologists discovered the site of primitive people. This area of ​​Seoul houses the Grand Park Seoul entertainment center, which houses one of the world's largest zoos, the Seoul Land amusement park, and shopping and entertainment complexes. A popular evening entertainment among tourists is a sightseeing ferry cruise on the Hangang River.

From Seoul, you can make an interesting journey to the demilitarized zone that separates South Korea from North. The tour includes a visit to the city of Panmunjom, where negotiations were held between representatives of the two warring states during the Korean War, and a ceasefire agreement was signed.

Geographically, Seoul is located in the center of Gyeonggi province, but administratively it is not included in it. The provincial capital is Suwon. From the main city of South Korea, you can get here very simply - by subway. The historical center of Suwon is under the protection of UNESCO. Here are the Hwaseong Fortress, built at the end of the 18th century by King Chenjo, and the royal garden. The dominant of the ancient stronghold is the Hwaseong Hengkun Palace. Since 1789, it served as a place where the reigning persons came to rest. Of the original buildings of the palace complex, only the Uhwagan pavilion has survived. Today, a colorful spectacle takes place near its walls - the changing of the guard, intended for tourists. In the fortress itself, tourists have the opportunity to feel like ancient warriors: they are given the opportunity to shoot from a bow, light one of the 5 signal pipes installed on the stone fortress wall. In September, a magnificent historical festival is held here with a theatrical staging of the royal procession.

Not far from Suwon, there is a folklore village, a kind of open-air museum where local craftsmen present their products. Shows with national dances are periodically arranged here, national rituals are demonstrated. In the village, tourists can taste Korean cuisine, shop at a local souvenir shop.

Very close to Suwon is Everland amusement park. Here visitors can enjoy many attractions, a safari park, a water park, a racing track, and an art museum. You can spend more than one day in Everland, and those who decide to stay here can stay in guest houses specially equipped for tourists.

West of Seoul, on the coast of the Yellow Sea, is one of the largest port cities in Korea - Incheon. It is famous for its history. In 1904, in the neutral seaport of Chemulpo, as the city was called in those days, among the ships from different states, the Russian cruiser Varyag was on the road. In January, he was attacked by a dozen ships of the Japanese navy. Russian sailors, not wanting to surrender to the enemy, decided to flood the ship. This episode served as one of the casus belli for the start of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905. And in the middle of the last century, during the Korean War, an American landing was carried out in Inchon, which subsequently broke through the defenses of the North Korean army, which allowed the UN coalition forces to capture Seoul. This event was a turning point in the course of the war. You can get acquainted with the history of the city by visiting the City Museum and the Incheon Memorial Hall.

Incheon has Korea's largest airport, and the city's sea harbor is called the "Seoul Gate". In 2003, a free economic zone was created here.

Incheon is a metropolitan city that includes several islands. Among them is Ganghwa Island, rich in sights. On the island you can see ancient stone dolmens - Bronze Age burials, crowned with marvelous structures made of grandiose boulders.

In the Middle Ages, when civil strife, unrest and military conflicts shook the country, Incheon became a refuge for the royal family and its retinue, becoming for a while the second capital of the state. Over the centuries, many defensive structures, monasteries, palaces were built here. One of the most famous monasteries is Chongdeunsa, founded in 327. From the 13th to the 14th century, within the walls of this temple, located on the slopes of Mount Jeongzhok, the monks kept the sacred Korean scripture Tripitaka Koreana, the oldest and most voluminous set of Buddhist canons. The sacred texts engraved on almost meter-long tablets were the second "edition" of the Tripitaka Korean, as the originals were lost during the invasion of the Mongols. Among the oldest sights of the monastery is a huge pavilion built in the 17th century, where you can see the original sculpture of a naked woman carved from wood, created by one of the masters who took part in the construction of the temple. The ancient Chinese bell of the 11th century also attracts attention.

In the southeast of Gyeonggi province is the city of Icheon. He was glorified by the masters of pottery, which has ancient traditions here. In the city you can visit the exhibition pavilion, which presents the original pottery and the craft village, where local craftsmen exhibit their creations and demonstrate the stages of production.

In the northeast of the Republic of Korea, along the coast of the East Sea, the province of Gangwon-do is known for its magnificent mountain landscapes, beautiful national parks, winter resorts and a picturesque coastline with magnificent beaches.

Traveling in this region, visit the city of Sokcho. By the way, it is well known to Russian tourists arriving at its port by ferry from the Far Eastern city of Zarubino. Sokcho is an attractive modern city with beaches, shopping centers, fish markets, hotels, restaurants. Its main avenue stretches along the coastal strip from the Donmen Marine Passenger Terminal to the south. Near the port there is a noisy fish market, the original gazebo Yengkim-jong, where romantics like to meet the dawn, an old lighthouse with an observation deck and the picturesque lake Yongnan. A park is spread along the banks of the reservoir - a favorite vacation spot for citizens and tourists. At the southern end of the avenue there is another beautiful lake - Choncho. Seorak Sunrise Park is located in this area, and fish restaurants are located nearby.

From Sokcho, you can go to the Geumgangsan Mountains (Diamond Mountains). This area is located on the territory of North Korea, but, according to an agreement between the two countries, a special tourist zone has been set up here, which has the status of a special province. You can't go to Geumgangsan on your own, so if you want to enjoy the beauty of the area, join an organized tour group.

The peak of the mountain range is located at an altitude of 1638 m. The slopes of the Diamond Mountains, almost sheer to the sea, are cut by canyons, in which streams of water rushing along the rocky bottom form numerous cascades and waterfalls. The originality and charm of the Kumgangsan Mountains are emphasized by luxurious mixed forests of cedar pine, oak, hornbeam, maple, covering most of the mountains. In their central part there are ancient Buddhist temples, blue lakes, mineral springs.

To the south of Gangwon Province is the province of Gyeongsangbuk-do. In its northern part is the ancient city of Andong. During the existence of the state of Silla, it was called Chinhan and was known as a stronghold of Buddhism in the country. Many ancient monuments and Buddhist shrines have been preserved here. In Andong, it is worth visiting the Bongjeon Monastery, built at the end of the 7th century, the Soju Museum - an ancient national alcoholic drink made from sweet potatoes, rice and wheat, the Hahoe folk village and the Dosansowon Confucian Academy.

In the southeast of the province is the city of Gyeongju, which was the capital of the state of Sila from the 4th to the 10th century. The city is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Among the many historical sights located here is the Cheomseongdae Observatory, built in 647. It is the oldest surviving observatory on the planet. Not far from the building is Tumuli Park, where the royal tombs are located, the oldest of which date back to the 3rd century AD. e.

There are seven sacred mountains in Gyeongju, the most famous of which is Namsan. Here the beauty of nature is harmoniously combined with man-made masterpieces. Inquisitive travelers will need more than one day to see Buddhist temples, pagodas, Buddha images carved in stone.

In the north of Gyeongju, near Lake Pomun, there is a resort area with hotels, golf courses, shopping centers, restaurants. In the vicinity of the city, there is the Bulguksa Monastery and the cave temple of Seokguram, built in the 8th century.

The city of Busan is located at the southeastern tip of Korea. It is the second largest city in the country. Busan has long been known as the shopping center of Korea. Today, its seaport is the main one in the country and ranks 4th in the world in terms of cargo turnover. One of the symbols of Busan is the grandiose Gwangan Suspension Bridge, which connects the two main districts of the city, stretching along both banks of the Suenman Bay. Its total length is almost seven and a half kilometers.

Busan is famous for its Jagalchi fish market. It is an endless galleries of stalls where you can buy fish splashing a couple of hours ago in sea waters. There are also many cozy restaurants where you can taste the most delicious seafood dishes in Korea.

Not far from Busan there are two sacred places for Buddhists: Haeinsa and Thondosa monasteries. Founded in 802, Haeinsa Monastery houses more than 80,000 wooden tablets containing the sacred texts of the Tripitaka Korean, brought here from Jeongdeunsa Monastery. Every year the temple hosts the Tripitaka Koreana festival. Only on these days is it possible to examine the sacred scriptures in close proximity. The monastery of Thondosa, founded in 646, is known for the fact that the teachings of the Buddha have been passed on to the monks here for a long time. In the monastery, even today, Buddhists who are preparing to take the dignity are undergoing certification.

The main Buddhist temple of Korea - Songwangsa - is located in the province of South Jeolla, near the city of Suncheon. Founded in 1190, the monastery houses Buddhist relics: a huge wooden bowl for rice porridge, two giant junipers and a fine handmade temple bowl. There are many legends associated with these artifacts.

Summer rest

The sandy beaches of the Republic of Korea are known as some of the best in Southeast Asia. The disadvantage of the beach season is that it is not too long: most beaches open in late June - early July, at the time when the rainy season ends, and close in late August - early September. However, no one will forbid you to sunbathe and swim, just after the closing of the holiday season, rescue services, showers, toilets no longer work on the beaches, and there is no way to rent umbrellas and sun loungers.

The coastline and seascapes of the western, eastern and southern coasts of Korea are different, but each of the coasts is beautiful in its own way and has its own fans. Popular resort areas are also located on several islands located near the mainland coast.

It is worth noting that in South Korea there is no concept of "the hotel's own beach." All beach areas here are municipal. In addition, due to the continuous hilliness, only a few dozen hotels are located directly on the coast. Entrance to all beaches is free, and each has the same rates for renting beach equipment. Renting a table with an umbrella, sun lounger and four chairs will cost you about $40. You can rent just one umbrella for $ 15, but if you don’t need all this, you can safely sit directly on the sand.

One of the most famous resort cities in the Republic of Korea is Gangneung. It is located in the east of the country, on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan. There are two popular beaches here - Chumunjin and Chengdongjin. Chumunjin is a fairly quiet place, mostly couples with children rest here: the entrance to the water is gentle, and the sand is fine and very soft. On Chengdongjin Beach, the crowd is more motley and noisy. Directly in the beach area is one of the local railway stations, which got into the Guinness Book of Records due to its location. There are several beautiful parks near the beach.

In the city of Gangneung there is another wonderful well-maintained beach. It is located on the shores of Lake Kenpo, where, by the way, there is excellent fishing.

Beautiful beaches are located on the south coast of Korea - in Busan and its environs. The most popular of them are Haeundae and Gwanally.

In the west of Korea, on the coast of the Yellow Sea, not only tourists like to relax, but also capital residents, because it is very easy to get here from Seoul. The most popular beaches on the west coast are Eurvanni and Daechon. Muchangpo Beach, famous all over the country, is located 8 km from Taecheon Beach. It stretches for almost one and a half kilometers along the sea coast, bordered by pine forests, and is known for its "Moses Road". Once a month, at low tide, a sandy bottom is exposed in the coastal waters, forming a kind of path to the uninhabited island of Seoktaedo located off the coast.

Despite all the attractiveness of the resort areas of the mainland of Korea, they are inferior in their popularity to Jeju Island, located in the Korea Strait, in the south of the country. The island, which is a popular center of tourism, is famous for its volcanic landscapes, luxurious nature, incredibly beautiful broken coastline, luxurious hotels and restaurants. Local beaches with snow-white, like flour, or, on the contrary, asphalt-black volcanic sand, are perfectly equipped and ready to receive tourists from July to the end of September.

Jeju Island is also known for its peculiar tradition of catching marine life. Here, this has long been done by women who can dive to a depth of 10 meters! For another half century, the “army” of divers-hunters numbered about 30,000 of the fair sex. To date, only a few thousand sea hunters are engaged in this trade. Their average age is 60 years old, some have already exceeded 80. In Korea, they are called "hene", that is, "women of the sea." Such an amazing custom has been included in UNESCO's list of intangible cultural heritage.

In Jeju, the main city of the island, where the airport is located, tourists usually do not stay long, and head to the coast. The most popular among the guests of the island is its southern part. The center of this region is the city of Seogwipo, located in a picturesque area surrounded by tangerine plantations. In its southeastern part there is Chonbang - the only waterfall in Asia that drops its waters directly into the depths of the sea.

Seogwipo is home to the main diving centers of the island. From here, organized groups of divers go to small islands located off the southern coast of Jeju. The maximum diving depth in the local water area is 40 meters.

You can go fishing from Seogwipo Port on a rented boat. The main prey here is tuna and sea bass.

To the west of Seogwipo lies the largest resort in South Korea - Chungmun. Not far from its snow-white beaches there are places of interest for the guests of the island: Pacific Land Park, Yemizhi Nursery, where about 4,000 species of trees and flowers are grown, Chongzheyen waterfall. In the western part of the Chungmun resort, you can admire a fantastic landscape - here rocks of volcanic origin rise up from the coastal sea waters, creating a kind of natural fortress, as if protecting the island coast. It is pleasant to meet and see off the sun in this romantic corner.

The most famous beach in the eastern part of Jeju is Pioseon. This place, which is a shallow lagoon, is a great place to relax with children. To the north extends another popular beach among tourists - Kimnen. Not far from it is one of the main natural attractions of the Republic of Korea - Manchzhangul Cave, formed by lava flows. Its tunnels stretch for thirteen and a half kilometers, and it is the largest lava cave on the planet.

Winter holidays

In South Korea, skiing and snowboarding have long been national sports. Korean ski resorts are well equipped, and most of them are not inferior in their level to European ones. In the mountainous regions of the country there are trails of various levels of difficulty, many of which are illuminated around the clock. The resorts have chair lifts and snow cannons. Everywhere there are centers where experienced instructors give lessons to beginners. By the way, the infrastructure of most resorts is designed to receive guests at any time of the year: golf courses, amusement parks, bowling alleys, indoor and outdoor pools are equipped on their territories.

Most of the ski centers in Korea are located in the province of Gangwon-do. Here is also the most famous resort of Korea - Enpyeong. At the service of athletes - 31 ski slopes with different levels of difficulty, 15 lifts. For snowboarders, there is a half-pipe. The Alps resort is also popular among skiers, where the snow cover lasts until mid-April.

Those who have just started to master winter sports should pay attention to the Taemyun Vivaldi Park resort. There are no risky sections on the ski slopes laid here.

The most respectable resort in Korea, Phoenix Park, is also located in the province of Gangwon-do. Here the ski slopes are designed for both experienced athletes and beginners. On the territory of the resort complex there are hotels, villas, small motels, as well as a skating rink, a swimming pool, a sauna, bowling and billiards halls, restaurants, a nightclub.

Thermal spas

On the territory of the Republic of Korea there are about 70 thermal springs with healing mineral water. Resorts and spa centers have been created on their basis. Several famous resorts are located in the mountainous province of Gangwon-do, between the city of Sokcho and Seoraksan National Park. Among the most popular health resorts in these places is Khanva Sorak. There are hotels, open-air pools, baths, baths, a water entertainment center with attractions. Local mineral waters, having a sodium-calcium-magnesium composition, are effective in the treatment of arthritis, neuralgic and skin diseases.

Nearby is another popular thermal resort, Cheoksan, where treatment is carried out on the basis of mineral waters of a similar composition.

In the province of Gyeonggi, springs are concentrated in the vicinity of the city of Icheon. Around them are thermal complexes with baths, saunas, swimming pools and water parks with attractions. Healing water is also connected to many local hotels that offer their guests spa and wellness services.

Thermal spas are also found in the province of South Jeolla and on the slopes of the mountains near Busan.

National parks and reserves

The most outstanding natural attractions of South Korea are united in specially protected areas. Almost every national park or reserve in the country has its own "highlights" - ancient monasteries, which even more attracts tourists to such places.

One of the most famous national parks in Korea - Seoraksan and Odaesan, located on the densely forested mountain ranges of Gangwon Province. Seoraksan Park has hotels and campsites, so you can stay here for a few days. At the entrance to the park, the cable car begins, which leads to the Kwong Geum mountain peak (700 m). Climbing to it is an indispensable ritual for all travelers who want to admire magnificent panoramas from a bird's eye view. There are hiking trails throughout the park. Traveling along them, you can get to the famous Biren and Towanson waterfalls, the ancient Sinheungsa monastery, the temples of Anyang, Newon. Visit Gejo Shrine - this temple is located in a cave.

Odaesan Park is located northwest of the resort town of Gangneung and is a mountain forest with lakes and waterfalls. It is interesting to visit the botanical garden in the park, which is divided into several thematic zones. Here you can see indoor pavilions with indoor plants, an extensive ecological garden where wild plants grow, a herb garden with mountain flowers and herbs. There are 9 Buddhist temples built in the era of the Silla state in the park.

In the vicinity of the city of Busan, at the mouth of the Nakdong River, there is an extensive migratory bird sanctuary. There are sand dunes in its coastal part, and small picturesque islands in the river delta. In spring and autumn, you can watch migratory waterfowl - snipes, ducks, swans. About 150 species of birds come here. Tourists travel through the park on special boats.

South Korea is home to the largest mountain park in the mainland, Jirisan. A dozen mountain peaks rise above its territory, creating landscapes of incredible beauty.

Another famous national park, Hallasan, is located in the center of Jeju Island. It was created in 1970 to protect the ecosystem of the slopes of the extinct Hallasan volcano. Its crater is the highest point in the Republic of Korea (1950 m). The last volcanic eruption occurred in the 11th century. A reminder of its activity is a lot of tunnels, pillars and other bizarre formations formed by solidified basalt lava. The natural attractions of the park are included in the UNESCO World Natural Heritage List.

About 2,000 species of plants grow on the territory of the reserve and many species of animals live. Hiking trails of various types of difficulty are laid here, but there are no places for overnight stays in the park.

Korean cuisine

The modern cuisine of South Korea is a kind of symbiosis of the gastronomic traditions of Korea itself, Japan, China and Europe. Japanese restaurants are considered the most prestigious and, accordingly, expensive here. In simpler establishments with Chinese cuisine "yeri", gourmet food is a little cheaper, but the portions are significantly larger. In Chinese restaurants "siksa", where everyday food is on the menu, prices are quite economical. The most democratic restaurants are those that serve Korean food. But restaurants with European cuisine in Korea are considered exotic.

A three-course meal at a mid-range restaurant typically costs $20-$25 for two.

The main dish of the Korean meal is rice. It is served with a variety of accompaniments, depending on the region and season. Other traditional dishes include kimchi (spicy sauerkraut or radish); khwee (a dish based on raw fish: miniature fish pieces are dipped in vinegar, peppered, salted, garlic, chopped carrots or radishes are added, and after 20 minutes they are treated to guests); kuksu (homemade noodles made from unleavened dough, served with meat or chicken broth). A popular Korean dish is bulgogi, which are slices of beef cooked in a special brazier, which is located right on the table. Pieces of meat are pre-marinated in a mixture of soy sauce, sesame oil, sesame seeds, garlic, young onions and other seasonings, among which there is certainly hot red pepper.

A Korean meal is not complete without first courses, which are usually generously seasoned with spices and spices. Separate cups for soup and rice are placed on the table in front of each guest, and all other dishes (fish, meat, seafood) are placed in the middle of the table, from where everyone takes the desired portion of food for himself. During the meal, Koreans use spoons and special chopsticks. For dessert, it is customary to serve apples, pears, peaches, persimmons, and dates.

Where to stay

In South Korea, hotels are classified into five categories. Deluxe and super deluxe are prestigious hotels with luxurious rooms equipped with state-of-the-art technology. Their infrastructure includes cafes, restaurants, conference rooms, fitness centers, spas, shops. This is followed by first-class hotels (in terms of service they correspond to European 3 * plus hotels), second and third class - 3 * and 2 * plus, respectively.

The highest prices for accommodation are in Seoul. A room in a hotel of the highest category will cost an average of $ 200-250, in a first-class hotel (3 * plus) - $ 90-100 per day.

Those who wish to get acquainted with the culture of the country can stay in traditional guest houses, which are called "hanok" here. The interiors of these dwellings are made in the style of old Korean houses. This type of accommodation is popular in historical cities. In South Korea, there are also traditional boarding houses - minbak. This is a kind of family hotels, where it is convenient to stay with children.

There are many roadside and suburban motels in the country. As a rule, they are well equipped, many have cable TV, high-speed Wi-Fi, jacuzzi or sauna.

Tourists who want to save money should pay attention to the so-called "egvans" - city hotels with small, but cozy and clean rooms with air conditioning, TV, telephone, shower and toilet. There may not be a bed in the room, as in this type of hotel, as a rule, local residents stay, many of whom adhere to the tradition of sleeping on the floor. Daily accommodation here costs $22-27.

In South Korea, tourists get a rare chance to live in a Buddhist monastery, although not every temple provides such an opportunity.

shopping

The best places for shopping in Korea are the capital of the country and large cities, where a huge number of shopping centers, supermarkets, boutiques, and markets are located. In Seoul and Busan, it is convenient to make purchases in duty-free shops - you will recognize them by the “tax free shopping” signs. Keep your receipt and 10% VAT will be refunded to you at the airport.

Tourists often buy electronics in local stores, but do not buy mobile phones - they are not compatible with Russian standards.

As souvenirs from South Korea, travelers traditionally bring trinkets inlaid with mother-of-pearl, porcelain, and ceramics. Here you can also buy good leather goods. And, of course, do not forget to purchase healing ginseng products. In the country that is the leader in the cultivation of this magical plant, you can buy ginseng tinctures, tea, and many cosmetics based on it.

In Korea, there is no clear distinction between store opening hours. Most of them open at 9:00 and close after 19:00, but many shops in popular tourist areas can stay open until midnight. Some cafes and markets are open around the clock.

Transport

South Korea is a small country, you can cross it in just 4-5 hours. However, the transport infrastructure is at a high level here. Railway transport is developed here, and there are several types of trains: express trains, bullet trains and simple trains, and even a leisurely tourist train-hotel with a cozy restaurant, comfortable rooms and an observation deck.

The provinces are also connected by regular bus service. Even ordinary buses are equipped with an air conditioning system, and in de-luxe transport, each seat is equipped with a telephone and a TV screen.

Passenger ships and ferries run between coastal cities.

Seoul, Daegu, Busan and Incheon all have subways. All taxis in Korea are equipped with electronic navigators, terminals for paying with bank cards and digital simultaneous translators - there will be no problems with communication.

You can rent a car in Korea if you are over 21 years old and have at least a year of driving experience. Please note that in Seoul and other major cities, traffic jams are quite common, and parking is quite difficult to find.

Practical information

Russian citizens can stay in South Korea for 60 days without a visa in their passport.

The official currency of the country is won. International name - KRW.

It is more convenient to change money in banks and specialized exchange points. In hotels in Korea, the exchange is not profitable. US dollars are readily accepted in most small shops and markets, foreign currency can also be paid in Tax free shopping stores. Major malls and museums only accept won.

Korean banks serve customers on weekdays from 9:30 to 16:30, on Saturday - until 13:30. On Sunday they are closed. You can use the ATM from 9:30 to 22:00.

How to get there

Most often, tourists from Russia arrive by plane in Seoul, and from there they go to resorts or other cities in Korea. There are direct regular flights from Moscow and Vladivostok, seasonal ones from St. Petersburg, Irkutsk.

From the Primorsky Territory of Russia to South Korea can be reached by ferry. For example, a ferry departs from Vladivostok once a week. Travel time - 20 hours. The cost of a one-way ticket is from $180.

Airfare low price calendar

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Today, the country is officially called the Republic of Korea, and the name "South" is used in journalism, in the media. The now presidential republic was formed in 1945 after the division of the formerly united Korea into two states following the results of the Great Patriotic War: the northern one - the DPRK (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) under the jurisdiction of the USSR, and the southern one - the Republic of Korea (South Korea) under the jurisdiction of the United States. Relations between neighboring countries remain tense.

Geographic characteristics

The modern state occupies the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula. The total area is a little over 100 thousand sq. km. At the same time, about 3.5 thousand islands belong to South Korea, stretching along the coast, but for the most part small in size and uninhabited. Only 200 km separate the country from Japan through the Korea Strait. On land, there is a border only with the DPRK. There are maritime borders with neighboring China.

Only 25% of the territory is plains, and the rest is mountainous. There are several extinct volcanoes, for example, Jeju with a height of 1950 m. This left its mark on the economy and lifestyle of the population. The state is divided into 9 large provinces and 6 metropolitan cities, as well as 1 city of special status - the capital Seoul. The indigenous people are Koreans. According to the latest census, the total number is about 50 million people, among which up to 5% are foreigners living on long-term visas.

Nature

From the headwaters of the Amnokkan River to the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula, numerous spurs of mountain ranges stretch, which are usually divided into North Korean, East Korean and West Korean. In total, there are about 1000 peaks, each of which is higher than 1000 m above sea level.

Even near the plains, the average mark is 200 m above sea level. Many of the mountainous areas have been declared national parks, such as Seoraksan, Jirisan, Odaesan. The highest point is the potentially active Paektusan volcano with a height of 2744 m. The country is considered moderately seismically active, earthquakes are not uncommon here, although they do not differ in any noticeable destruction ...

There are no natural lakes on the Korean Peninsula, but there are reservoirs and other artificial reservoirs formed by dams on the largest rivers. For example, the most famous Lake Cheonzhi (Sky Lake), formed by a crater, but located on the border with the DPRK. Many myths and legends are associated with it.

The main rivers flow from east to west and flow into the Yellow Sea: Nakdong - the longest, Hangang - crosses Seoul (its two parts are connected by 27 bridges), Kumgang - 401 km in length, Imjingang - it is inhabited by a rare fish Hemibarbus mylodon, which in Korean culture is a symbol of parenthood...

On three sides, the country is washed by the waters of the Yellow and Japan Seas, as well as the Korea Strait. The Koreans themselves prefer to call the entire water area simply the South Sea. Given the relief of the country, it is not surprising that it was the sea that from time immemorial has played a dominant role in the life of the population. It supplied fish and seafood, which are the basis of the national cuisine. And today, beach tourism and shipbuilding are the most important components of the Korean economy.

The northern tip of the peninsula is washed by the cold Schrenk current, so the local waters are warm only 2 months a year. However, the beauty of the mountainous coast has made it a real mecca for eco-tourism. The coast of the Yellow Sea is very shallow, at low tide it leaves the coastline for 15 km. Most of the islands are concentrated here. The famous beach resort of the Korea Strait - Bussan...

The flora and fauna belong to the pre-subtropical monsoon forests. At one time, the ecology of the region suffered greatly due to massive deforestation. But since the 60s. of the last century, the country's leadership is actively restoring the ecosystem and has achieved great success in this. Today, on the mountain slopes above 1100 m, there are extensive coniferous forests. Korea is a world supplier of Korean pine, bamboo, ginseng, laurel.

Tourists can admire the nature of the peninsula in national parks, nature reserves, as well as numerous zoos. In the wild forests and today there are tigers, lynxes, leopards, Ussuri and brown bears...

Depending on the proximity to the coast, the climate is divided into temperate and subtropical monsoon. Winters are usually sunny and with low rainfall. Summers are hot, especially near the sea. The direction of the wind changes twice a year from north to south. The average January temperature rarely drops below -4 0 C. In summer, the average temperature in August is about +24 0 C. At the same time, the sea waters warm up to air temperature ...

Resources

Today, the economy of the Republic of Korea occupies the 12th place in the world ranking. Agriculture produces rice for domestic consumption and for export (80% of the cultivated area is occupied for it), fruits and vegetables, livestock products (pork, beef, poultry). There are about 96 thousand vessels in the fishing fleet, and fishing is carried out not only by catching, but also by growing fish in nurseries (mackerel, sardines, flounder, anchovies, mollusks).

Leading industries: electrical engineering, shipbuilding, automotive, construction. The textile industry is focused on the production of goods for export - more than 60% of products are produced for sale outside the garde...

culture

It is customary to say about Koreans that this is a nation of highlanders and fishermen. In addition to ethnic Koreans, there are Chinese, people from the DPRK, as well as representatives of other nationalities, but in very small numbers.

Painting and dancing are important components of the national culture. The artistic tradition has deep roots. Dance is both a reflection of customs and historical sketches. In many universities of the country, dance is one of the academic subjects. The policy of the state is aimed at preserving national traditions revered in every family...

The Republic of Korea (South Korea) lies in the northeastern part of Asia, in the south of the Korean Peninsula. In the west, the country is washed by the waters of the Yellow Sea, and in the east - by the East. In the northwest, the Korean Peninsula is adjacent to China, and in the southeast, South Korea is separated from Japan by the Gulf of Korea. At one time, this geopolitical situation brought a lot of troubles to the country: Japanese colonial rule, the tragic division into North and South Korea, and the devastating Korean War. Moreover, at the moment, the Democratic Republic of Korea and the DPRK (North Korea) have many political contradictions and are separated by a demilitarized zone. And yet, despite all the past hardships, to date, South Korea has achieved significant economic and political development, which is reflected in the standard of living of its people.

South Korea attracts tourists with an abundance of Buddhist temples and monasteries, as well as many delightful palaces and statues that can tell about the interesting history of this country. The local natural landscapes are also noteworthy, thanks to which Korea is called the “land of morning freshness”. By the way, here you can not only spend time on the cleanest beaches and hot springs, but also do any winter sports at one of the high-class ski resorts.

Climate and weather

South Korea lies in the zone moderate monsoon climate, so all seasons are clearly traced here. Autumn and spring here are quite warm and short, with most of the sunny days occurring in the spring months. The summer season is characterized by high humidity and hot weather. The air temperature during this period is +21...+25 °C, but sometimes rises to +35°C. From late June to mid-July, the monsoon season lasts, which is called here " chanma". August is the wettest and hottest month. The end of September is characterized by clear and dry weather, which makes this period the most pleasant time of the year. The winter season is quite cold (up to -10°C) and dry.

The most comfortable and pleasant time to visit this country is the period from April to mid-October, and the ski season here lasts from November to April.

Nature

The landscape of the country is quite diverse, 70% of its territory is occupied by low mountains and hills. The main mountain range, which is called East Korean mountains, lies parallel to the east coast. Around the peninsula there are many small islands, the largest of them is Jeju.

The main rivers of South Korea are considered Nekhtongan and Hangang on which Seoul stands. Among other significant rivers of the country, it is also worth mentioning Geumgang, Imjingan, Bukhangan and somjingan. The local flora is represented by mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests, as well as subtropical forests in the south and bamboo thickets on the coast.

Attractions

South Korea is an amazing and multifaceted country where ancient architectural monuments, modern skyscrapers and amazing nature are harmoniously combined, so the excursion program here is very rich.

Most of the attractions are concentrated in Seoul. First of all, this four royal palaces of the Joseon Dynasty and Gyeongbokgung era royal palace. Also worth highlighting:

• catholic Cathedral Mendon,
• theater "Nantes"
• posingak bell tower,
• Sungkyunkwan Institute,
• concert hall of the Munhwa Ilbo newspaper,
• a great many museums.

Other cities of the country are no less interesting. For example, Incheon is the center of pottery production. In addition, it is known for its thermal springs, magnificent parks and Munkaksanseong Fortress.

Suwon is famous for its ancient Hwaseong Fortress, Everland Amusement Park, Syllux Temple and Sejong the Great Tomb.

Also noteworthy is the city of Gyeongju, which is the capital of the ancient kingdom of Silla. It houses the oldest Buddhist Bulguksa Temple, Oneung ("Five Tombs"), Cheomseongdae Ancient Observatory and Seokguram Cave Temple.

No less interesting is the city of Andong, which is recognized as the cradle of Confucianism. A great number of Confucian temples and schools, as well as traditional dwellings of ancient noble families, have been preserved here.

It is worth noting cities such as Busan and Daegu, where you can visit many ancient temples, tombs and monasteries.

Another notable place in the country is Ganghwa island, where there are a great many dolmens, as well as tangun altar, Chongdynsa Monastery, ancient fortress walls and forts.

Also, having been in South Korea, one cannot fail to see demilitarized zone and Seoraksan mountains which are considered one of the most beautiful places in the world.

Food

The traditional cuisine of South Korea is characterized by an abundance of spicy dishes, which are based on rice, fish and fresh vegetables. The most typical local treats are unleavened rice porridge " dad", pilaf " bibimbap", rice cakes" chhaltok and sandwiches of rice, vegetables and scrambled eggs. Well, for more variety, all kinds of snacks are served with them: pickled vegetables, a spicy dish of radish or sauerkraut " kimchi", bean curd" tube", acorn jelly " tothorimuk" and etc.

Soups play a very important role in South Korean cuisine. For example, spicy seafood soup " hamul than» or soy soup with clams and egg yolk « sundubu chige". Also, the local cuisine cannot be imagined without fish and seafood. Among the treats made from these ingredients, it is worth noting fried fish " sanson gui", finely chopped raw fish " hwe", abalone porridge" jeonbokchuk"and seafood hodgepodge" hamul jeongol". Well, from meat dishes, pork and beef are preferred here. Most often they are used for barbecues. bulgogi", fried ribs " kalbi"and dumplings" mandu».

The role of desserts in local cooking is played by fresh and candied fruits, as well as walnut-shaped biscuits called " hodkwaja". Tea in South Korea is practically not drunk, instead of it they use various decoctions and herbal tinctures (“ cha”), as well as rice and barley broth. Well, the choice of alcoholic drinks - both local and imported varieties - is quite large here. The most popular traditional drinks are rice liquor. soju and rice wine mccory". Local beer is also most often made from rice and has a rather peculiar taste, but high-quality imported beer is always on sale.

Speaking directly about restaurants, here they are most often Korean, Chinese, Japanese and European. Moreover, Japanese restaurants are considered the most expensive and prestigious, while European establishments are suitable for middle-class travelers.

Accommodation

South Korea has a highly developed tourism infrastructure. Today there is a great variety of hotels and hotels. It should be said right away that the local hotel classification is significantly different from the European one. All Korean hotels are divided into five categories: super deluxe and deluxe, as well as first, second and third class hotels. Hotels of the first two categories offer luxury rooms, restaurants, bars, conference rooms, fitness centers, swimming pools, tennis courts, spas and shops, first class correspond to European 3 * + hotels, and hotels of the second and third classes - 3 * and 2*+.

For those who prefer an economical vacation, we recommend staying at one of the small city hotels called " egvans". The rooms in such establishments are small, but they always have a TV, air conditioning, telephone, shower and toilet. Also in Korea, a network of youth hostels is developed, which are analogues of European hostels.

Well, those who want to get acquainted with the Korean way of life and culture of the country should check into a traditional guest house " hanok or even to a Buddhist monastery.

Entertainment and recreation

South Korea will appeal to both fans of active entertainment and lovers of a relaxing pastime. In winter, the country is attractive for its ski resorts. Phoenix Park, Muju and Yongpyeong, as well as themed festivals such as the Snow and Ice Sculpture Festival. Well, in summer, resorts with thermal springs and wide beaches are in great demand here ( Jeju-do, Busan and Namsam). By the way, Jeju Island is popular with both family vacation lovers and fans of diving and fishing.

We recommend that family vacationers visit grand amusement parks (for example, Lotte World or Seoul Grand Park), and lovers of cognitive rest should come here from mid-March to June, when the magnificent time for flowering trees comes.

Fans of nightlife will also like it in South Korea, as its large cities have entire areas with a sea of ​​lights, huge nightclubs, noisy bars, karaoke and other entertainment venues. And for fans of various types of art in Korea, there are interesting museums, modern cinemas, concert halls, art galleries and theaters.

South Korea is also famous for its many interesting holidays and festivals. Salt (Lunar New Year), Liquor and Rice Cake Festival, Buddha's Birthday, Chunghyangje (Korean Romeo and Juliet) Festival, Wild Green Tea Festival, Tang-O Shaman Festival, Ginseng Festival, Traditional Chuseok Festival are worth mentioning among them. (harvest festival) and the International Biennial of Contemporary Art.

Purchases

With a wide variety of malls, department stores, markets, duty-free shops and specialty shopping areas, South Korea is considered a shopper's paradise. Moreover, the choice of goods here is simply colossal, and the prices for them are moderate.

Of course, the largest department stores and shops are located in Seoul, or rather in the shopping area. myeongdong, where a whole network of underground shopping galleries is located. In addition, the capital has a great variety of small antique and art shops, as well as specialty markets, such as the Yeongsan consumer electronics market.

Among tourists, the most popular products are cosmetics, household appliances, jewelry, furs, outerwear, silk and leather goods. Traditional souvenirs here include porcelain, ceramics, bijouterie, masks, shell items, fans, dolls in traditional costumes and mother-of-pearl lacquerware. Also, don't forget about ginseng products, including teas, extracts, tinctures, ginseng chocolate, and more. We recommend paying attention to Korean antiques, which are valued all over the world. However, it should be noted that the export of items older than 50 years is prohibited here.

Transport

Incheon's main international airport is located 52 kilometers from Seoul and is connected to it by a high-speed highway. Inside the country, it is most convenient to travel by rail, which connects all the main settlements. There are four types of trains: high-speed Mugunghwa, super-high-speed KTX, passenger Tong-il, and Saemaeul express trains. Also in South Korea, there are many intercity buses, both standard and deluxe.

Public transport in the country is developed very well and is notable for its low cost. It is represented by buses and taxis, and in Incheon, Seoul, Daegu and Busan, by extensive subway line systems. Tickets for any type of urban transport are sold at vending machines, special kiosks and subway ticket offices.

Taxis in Korea are divided into 2 types: regular and deluxe. Taxi "deluxe" are equipped with special devices for simultaneous translation.

Car rental companies are most often located in hotels and airports. To use their services, you will need to present your driver's license and passport. Moreover, the age of the driver must be at least 21 years old, and driving experience - 1 year.

Connection

South Korea boasts a modern and high-quality communication system. Payphones here are found on every corner and are divided into three types: working with magnetic cards, working with international credit cards and "coin". Calls abroad can be made from any "card" payphone or from a hotel.

Mobile communication works in the standard CDMA-1800. You can rent a phone that supports this range at the international airport.

Internet access is provided in most hotels, as well as in gaming halls and Internet cafes.

Safety

South Korea is recognized as one of the safest countries in the world: drug addiction is practically absent here, cases of robbery and pickpocketing are very rare, and car theft is considered a real sensation. Moreover, the traditional morality of society in this country is so strong that cases of rudeness or open rudeness are excluded here. The attitude towards tourists in Korea is very friendly, although there may be problems with understanding, since there are still very few English-speaking people here.

This idyll also has its own “fly in the ointment”. The thing is that in terms of the number of victims of car accidents, Korea ranks first in the world. Therefore, the streets here should be crossed very carefully.

No special vaccinations are required for a visit to Korea, but international health insurance is required.

Business climate

In economic terms, South Korea is a highly developed state with favorable conditions for doing business and a high level of income per capita. The main economic sectors of the country are the judiciary, the automotive industry, mechanical engineering, high-tech production and oil refining. And now it is dominated by large industrial conglomerates (“ chaebols”), which are engaged in production, trade and provision of services. The largest and most influential chaebols are Samsung, Hyundai, Daewoo and LG.

Opening your own company in South Korea is quite simple, and the most promising areas for private business here are the service sector, trade, tourism and finance.

Real estate

A stable financial and political environment, as well as a high standard of living, make South Korean real estate a very attractive investment. The consequence of this is a high demand for both housing and commercial space. Today, non-residents of the country can buy local real estate in a simple way. To do this, the buyer will need to obtain permission from the municipal authorities. And in the case of the purchase of a commercial facility, proof of the legality of the origin of the invested funds may also be required.

When entering the country, you will need to present a written customs declaration to the customs officer. All arriving passengers pass through the customs area along the red, white or green corridor. Those who do not have items that are subject to mandatory declaration use the green corridor. Those who carry items that are not exempt from duty pass along the white corridor. Well, those who are suspected of carrying any prohibited items or allegedly presented an unreliable declaration are sent to the red corridor. Detailed information about goods that are subject to declaration, as well as about all prohibited items, can be obtained from the Embassy of the Republic of Korea or the Customs Information Bureau of Incheon Airport.

Visa Information

Citizens of the Russian Federation need a visa to travel to the Republic of Korea. A visa-free stay of up to 30 days is allowed only for those who have previously visited the country at least 4 times in the past 2 years, or 10 times in total. Also, citizens of the Russian Federation are allowed a visa-free stay on Jeju Island, but entry to other areas of the country is prohibited.

There are several types of Korean visas: short-term (C), long-term (D, E, H) and special visas for foreign compatriots (F-4).

Moscow Embassy of the Republic of Korea located at st. Plyushchikha, 56.

Consulates of the Republic of Korea in are located in St. Petersburg(Nekrasova st., 32A), Irkutsk(Gagarin Boulevard, 44) and Vladivostok(St. Pologaya, 19).

South Korea is one of the most popular countries for tourism in all of Asia. This is not surprising given that South Korea has a large number of historical monuments, Buddhist monasteries, temples and pagodas. Tourists in this country are waiting for ski resorts, beautiful mountains, waterfalls on rivers, as well as long sandy beaches.

South Korea is located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. South Korea borders North Korea to the north, Japan to the east (via the Sea of ​​Japan), and China to the west (via the Yellow Sea). The total area of ​​the country is 99,392 sq. km, including the islands, and the total length of the state border is 238 km.

Most of the territory of South Korea is occupied by mountains and hills. The highest peak is Mount Hallasan, whose height reaches 1,950 m. Plains and lowlands make up only about 30% of the country's territory, they are located in the west and southeast of South Korea.

South Korea owns about 3 thousand islands, most of them are very small and uninhabited. The largest island of this country is Jeju, located 100 km from the south coast.

The capital of South Korea is Seoul, which is now home to more than 10.5 million people. Historians claim that Seoul already existed in the 4th century BC.

The official language in South Korea is Korean, which belongs to the Altaic languages.

More than 46% of the South Korean population consider themselves atheists. Another 29.2% of South Koreans are Christians (18.3% are Protestants, 10.9% are Catholics), more than 22% are Buddhists.

Under the current constitution, South Korea is a parliamentary republic. Its head is the President, elected for 5 years.

The unicameral parliament in South Korea is called the National Assembly, it consists of 299 deputies elected for a 4-year term.

The main political parties are the conservative Senuri Party, the United Democratic Party, and the Liberal Progressive Party.

The climate in South Korea is very diverse - continental and humid monsoon, with cold winters and hot summers. The average air temperature is +11.5C. The highest average air temperature is in August (+31C), and the lowest is in January (-10C). The average annual rainfall is 1,258 mm.

In the east, South Korea is washed by the warm waters of the Sea of ​​Japan, and in the west - by the Yellow Sea. The total coastline is 2,413 km. In August, the water off the coast of South Korea warms up to + 26-27C.

Most of South Korea's rivers are in the eastern part of the country. Many rivers flow into the Yellow Sea. The largest river in South Korea is the Nakdong River. Some rivers have amazingly beautiful waterfalls (for example, in the Cheongjeonpokpo Nature Park).

As such, the history of South Korea begins in 1948, when previously united Korea was divided into two states - the Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the DPRK. According to mythology, the Korean state was formed in 2333 BC.

In 1950-53, there was a war between South Korea and the DPRK, in which the United States, China, the USSR and even the UN took an active part. A peace treaty between these countries has not yet been signed, and their border is separated by the Demilitarized Zone.

South Korea was admitted to the UN only in 1991.

The culture of South Korea is based on the centuries-old cultural traditions of the Korean people. The traditions and customs of the inhabitants of South Korea are unique, unless, of course, North Korea is taken into account (and this, of course, is impossible).

The most important holiday in South Korea is the Sol holiday, which is considered a reflection of the Chinese New Year.

In winter, South Koreans celebrate the Hwacheon Mountain Trout Festival and the Inje Icefish Festival.

At the end of March, Gyeongju hosts the annual liquor and rice cake festival, and in April (or May) South Koreans celebrate Buddha's Birthday. At the end of May, Koreans celebrate the Chungju Martial Arts Festival.

In September-October of every year, South Koreans celebrate the Chuseok harvest festival. These days, Koreans take a short vacation from work to visit the graves of their ancestors.

The cuisine of South Korea is based on ancient Korean culinary traditions. The main food products are rice, seafood, fish, vegetables, meat.

In South Korea, we recommend trying rice porridge, rice with vegetables, kimchi (sauerkraut or pickled cabbage), potato cakes, seafood soup, various fish soups, squid and octopus dishes, bulgogi (Korean kebabs), fried pork ribs , hodukvazha cookies.

Traditional soft drinks in South Korea are rice and barley decoctions, as well as decoctions and infusions of herbs and spices.

As for alcoholic beverages, local rice wine and soju rice liquor are popular in South Korea.

Remember "boshingtang" is dog soup. The South Korean government is trying to ban the preparation of this dish, but so far unsuccessfully. The dish "boshingtang" is usually consumed by South Koreans in the summer. South Korean men claim that this dish promotes stamina.

In South Korea, there are now several thousand historical, architectural and archaeological monuments. In terms of the number of attractions, South Korea occupies one of the first places in all of Asia. Some South Korean attractions are included in the UNESCO World Heritage List (for example, the Buddhist temple of Seokguram). The top ten attractions in South Korea, in our opinion, may include the following:

1. Gyeongbokgung Royal Palace in Seoul
2. Hwaseong Fortress
3. Bulguksa Buddhist Monastery
4. Bulguksa Buddhist Temple
5. Cave Buddhist Temple Seokguram
6. Deoksugung Palace in Seoul
7. Li dynasty tombs in Gwangneung
8. Changdeokgung Royal Palace in Seoul
9. Posingak Bell Tower in Senul
10. Heongchunsa Shrine near Asan

The largest cities in South Korea are Busan, Incheon, Daegu, Gwangju, Daejeon and, of course, Seoul.

The best beach resorts in South Korea are located on the shores of the Sea of ​​Japan. The most popular beaches on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan are Gyeongpodae near the city of Gangneung and Naksan near the town of Chongjin. Most of the beaches are surrounded by beautiful pine forests. The beach season in South Korea is very short - from July to August.

Another popular beach holiday destination in South Korea is Jeju Island, located 100 km from the Korean Peninsula. We also recommend that tourists pay attention to the beaches of Ganghwa Island in the Yellow Sea.

South Korea has many ski resorts that are popular among Asians. These ski resorts have a well-developed skiing infrastructure, and, in addition, the prices there are much lower than, for example, in Europe. The most popular ski resorts in South Korea are Muju, Yangji, Yongpyeong, Bears Town and Chisan Forest.

The skiing season is from the end of November to the middle of March. Some ski resorts use artificial snow, so they ski there all year round.

There are many thermal and hot springs in South Korea. Tourists are advised to visit the Yongpyeong resort in the east of the country, where there are excellent hot springs, the water temperature in which is + 49C. By the way, in this ski resort, tourists will also find good ski slopes.

Tourists from South Korea usually bring handicrafts, lamps, bookends, traditional Korean folk masks, dolls in traditional Korean clothes, Korean tea cups, necklaces, hairpins, bracelets, blankets, scarves, Korean sweets, Korean tea, Korean white wine

Banks:
Mon-Fri: 09:00-16:00

Supermarkets are open daily from 10:30 to 20:00 (close later on weekends).

General information

Official name - The Republic of Korea. The state is located in East Asia on the Korean Peninsula. The area is 99,392 km2. Population - 50 004 441 people. (for 2012). The official language is Korean. The capital is Seoul. The monetary unit is the South Korean won.

The state occupies the south of the Korean Peninsula in East Asia and some nearby islands. It is washed by the Yellow, East China and Japan Seas of the Pacific Ocean. It borders on land only with North Korea (DPRK); to the east, the narrow Western Passage (or Busan Strait), part of the Korea Strait, separates South Korea from the Tsushima Islands that belong to it.

The northern part of South Korea is dominated by a temperate monsoonal climate type, while the southern part is subtropical monsoonal. In the mountainous regions in the east of the Republic of Korea, more severe weather conditions are observed. Here, at altitudes of about 1000 m, in summer during the daytime, the air warms up to +25..+27°C, and at night it cools down to +13..+15°C. In winter, during the day, the air temperature fluctuates around 0°C, and at night it is -10..-8°C. In the flat areas in the northwestern part of South Korea, August daytime temperatures reach +30°C, and nighttime temperatures reach +22°C. In January daytime air temperatures are +2..+4°C, nighttime temperatures are -4..-6°C. The climate of the southern part of the country is milder. Here, in the plains, the daytime air temperatures in August are +28..+30°C, and the nighttime temperatures are +23..+25°C. In winter, during the daytime, the air warms up to +8..+10°C, at night it cools down to -1..+1°C. There are almost no frosts on Jeju Island.

Story

The Korean peninsula has attracted people since the Stone Age, about 70,000 years ago. In Korea, the starting point of the first state of Joseon is considered 2333 BC. e. Although, most likely, this happened in the IV-III centuries. Neighborhood with China led to the fact that in 108 BC. e. it was subjugated by the Han Empire.

The next stop on the way to Korea is the state of Goguryeo, whose name comes from the tribe of the same name that became its basis. In 37 BC. e. it achieved independence from . And until 668 AD. e., when China again subjugated its neighbors, it managed to leave its notes in the history of the peninsula and in the souls of people.

The state of Kore (935-1392) became the successor of Goguryeo in name and genetics. It created the world's first printed metal matrix, ahead of Gutenberg's experiments, and it also became the "matrix" from which the name "Korea" comes.

In 1231-1259, six Mongol invasions took place on Kora. Their result was dependence and tribute for the next 80 years. This story ended with the overthrow of the last king of Koryo U and the formation of a new Joseon dynasty, whose king Kongmin ousted the Mongols from Korea in 1350. At this time, Hanson (modern Seoul) became the capital of the state, and Confucianism became the official religion from 1394. The figurative name of Korea, as the "Country of the Morning Calm", is associated with the name of the kingdom of Joseon (cho - "morning", sleep - "bright").

But the country wrapped itself in its archaic traditions like a caterpillar in a cocoon. And this circumstance was tried to use by stronger neighbors. In the war of 1894-1895 it was China and Japan.

The victory and power over Korea went to Japan. King Kojong of Korea even fled the palace and lived in the Russian embassy for about a year. Then he returned, becoming emperor, without actually having any power. Moreover, from 1910 to 1945, the colonial dependence of Korea was formalized legally.

The defeat of Japan in World War II led to the expulsion of all Japanese from the country. But almost without intermission, the Cold War began. The north of the Korean Peninsula was occupied by the troops of the USSR, and the south. The difference in political poles created by this circumstance was so radical that in 1948 Korea was divided into two states: the pro-American (at that time) Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the pro-Soviet DPRK. The Korean War (1950-1953) cemented this status quo.

However, it was not until 1992, when the country's first civilian president was elected, that the Republic of Korea became a truly democratic state. With this last stage in the life of the country, its greatest successes and the growth of prestige in the world are associated. History has conducted an amazing experiment, showing how the same culture can dynamically develop if there is freedom, and end up in decline if it is squeezed, as in the DPRK, into the framework of a totalitarian state. Polls being conducted in South Korea show that many people believe that it is highly likely that in the future the two Koreas will become a single country. In the East they know how to wait.

Sights of South Korea

South Korea is an amazing and multifaceted country that makes a truly indelible impression on everyone who is lucky enough to visit it. Its charm lies in the harmonious synthesis of ancient culture and ultra-modern cosmopolitanism, ancient palaces and skyscrapers equipped with the most advanced technologies, megacities full of life and amazing beauty of nature, which the Koreans managed to preserve almost in its original form.

The capital of country - Seoul. Finding yourself on the right side of the Han-gan River, on which the city stands, you will be transported hundreds of centuries ago, to the time when powerful royal dynasties ruled Seoul. Here is the oldest and largest palace complex of the city of Gyeongbokgung, dated back to the 14th century. At the moment, several museums operate on its territory at once, the expositions of which tell about the history of Korea, as well as about the life of its rulers.

Until recently, famous people remained in Seoul Great South Gate(Namdaemun). They say they never completely burned down. The gates were built at the end of the 14th century, when fortifications were being built around the city. They were the oldest wooden structure in Seoul and were considered the main national symbol. But, alas, on the night of February 10-11, 2008, they were also burned to the ground by a 70-year-old Korean old man who wanted to express his protest against the actions of the authorities in such a barbaric way (the authorities took away a piece of land from him, but did not pay enough, in his opinion , compensation). Only the lower stone part remained. There is no doubt that the gates will be restored in the near future, especially since after their last restoration in 2005, a lot of drawings were made. But, nevertheless, it will no longer be the original.

In the southeast of the province of Gyeongsangbuk-do, 370 kilometers from Seoul along the No. 1 road (Gyeongbu highway), connecting Seoul with Busan, is the ancient capital of Korea - Gyeongju. Gyeongju is located on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan very close to Ulsan, one of the largest million-plus cities in the Republic of Korea. The Hyeonsangang River flows through the city, in the old days there were often large floods. Located near the city, the Taebaek Range forms a hilly urban landscape and a beautiful landscape.

The first mention of the city dates back to 57 BC. At different times it was called differently: Sorabol, Kerim, Kymson, Keishu. Gyeongju was the capital during the Silla era. It flourished especially after the creation in the 7th century of a single Korean state with the same name. It was here that the residence of the kings (vans) of Silla and all the court nobility was located. According to indirect data, about a million people lived in the city during the heyday.

In the 10th century, after the collapse of the state of Silla, Gyeongju lost its status as the capital, gradually its importance began to fall until complete decline. It acquired the status of a city again only in 1955. Now its population is about 280 thousand people, but this, along with Seoul, is the most visited place in South Korea by tourists, it is rightly called "a museum without walls."

Since the sixth century AD, Buddhism has become the official religion of the state of Silla (in Russian-language literature, there is also a variant of the name Silla). Active construction of temples, monasteries, pagodas begins. This period also includes the construction Temple of Bulguksa in Gyeongju. This word can be translated from Korean as "Buddha Land Temple" or "Land of Happiness". Since then, the temple has been destroyed, burned, and then rebuilt so many times that only stone fragments could remain from the first buildings. It is known, for example, that the temple was completely destroyed during the Imjin War with Japan in 1593. What can be seen now is the result of the last restoration of the monastery in the early seventies of the twentieth century Goths, carried out on the personal instructions of the then President of Korea, Park Chung-hee. Only the main buildings were restored, the ancient temple complex was much larger, including about 80 buildings. But even what is reconstructed leaves an unforgettable impression.

Many beautiful legends are told about the temple. One of them is about its first builder, Kim Dae Sung (or, in another transcription, Kim Tae Sung). According to legend, the construction is connected not with one, but with two of his lives at once, in accordance with the Buddhist concept of a series of rebirths. Legend has it that farmer Kim Tae-song worked long and hard to support himself and his widow mother. As a result of hard work, he finally managed to save up for a small piece of land. But when a monk came to the village for donations, Kim Dae Son gave his land to the monastery. After some time, he died, and on the day of his death, the Prime Minister of Silla heard a voice from heaven, announcing that his son Tae Song would soon be born. The son was really born, and with a birthmark in the form of the hieroglyph Tae Son. As they grow older, many wonderful stories happen to the child. One of them is with a bear, which he killed, and then, when the spirit of the bear decided to take revenge on him, he promised to build a temple in honor of this bear. He built and thus gained experience in building temples even before he became a Buddhist. And when he accepted a new faith, he used his experience to build two temples at once - in honor of his parents from a previous life (in which he was a peasant) - Seokguram Cave Temple, and in honor of his parents from the life he then lived - Bulguksa Temple . Thus, both of these temple complexes located not far from each other symbolize gratitude and love to sons. Interestingly, they are also included in the UNESCO world heritage list together, as one item on the list, as masterpieces of human creative genius.

Jeju- volcanic island. This is a very famous place not only in South Korea but all over the world. The island of volcanic origin, regular elliptical shape, is located in the extreme south of the country. In the center of the island is the extinct volcano Halla - the highest point in South Korea, the height of the volcano is 1950 meters. Jeju is the largest of the islands belonging to the Republic of Korea. The last time volcanoes on the island erupted a little over a thousand years ago, so now all of them, apparently, can be considered inactive. Jeju Island is surrounded by a ring road with a length of about 200 kilometers. You can rent a car in almost any hotel.

One of the symbols of Jeju Island - tolharuban. Statue of a good-natured old man made of black lava. Tourists are told that if you rub his nose, then something good will happen there ... It seems that a child will be born, and a boy or a girl depends on which side to go to this grandfather. As a result, their noses are all erased. Once Tolkharubans were amulets for local residents. Some guides say that the statues were specially placed around the island by women so that the pirates thought that there were men on the island at the moment (although they, of course, were all fishing in the sea). But it is hard to imagine that even in the fog you can confuse the Tolkharubans with living men. They say that there are only a few ancient Tolkharubans left on the island. Almost everything is a remake, there are modern masters who make lava grandfathers.

South Korean cuisine

The main dish of the Korean table is rice, which is served with a variety of other dishes from vegetables, fish, seafood, soybeans, herbs and root crops, flour products.

A special place in the diet of Koreans is occupied by soups, often from pork chicken, fish and cabbage with a huge amount of seasonings (Koreans prefer spicy food, so red pepper is always present in their dishes). Almost no meal is complete without soup.

National Korean cuisine has its own special dishes, for example, kimchi- a spicy dish of sauerkraut or radish. Koreans are sure that kimchi is an excellent cold remedy. In addition, there is an opinion that kimchi is an effective remedy for a hangover. hwe- a dish of raw fish with pepper, garlic, finely chopped carrots. Kuksu- homemade noodles made from unleavened dough, it is served with meat or chicken broth. Another national dish - pulgoji- fiery beef. The meat, cut into strips, is marinated in soy sauce, oil, garlic and cooked in a hot frying pan or right on the table.

The most popular street food is pancakes, specifically payon (green onion pancakes) and pindaeddok (pancakes with bean sprouts and pork).

Other examples of local culinary traditions are sanjok(steak slices with onions and mushrooms), kalbichim (steamed beef ribs), fresh abalone and shrimp from Jeju Island served with mustard, soy sauce and chili sauce and Korean seaweed (common throughout the Far East).

In Korea, you should definitely try the famous and popular herbal teas. If you want something stronger, pay attention to Suljip (wine bar), there are also pubs, " mccolejeep"- the Korean version of the beer.

As for desserts, no one can compare with Korean craftsmen in the preparation of confectionery from fruits: apples, pears, peaches, persimmons, chestnuts, dates.

South Korea on the map