Who is Elizabeth Petrovna Peter 1. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna - biography, personal life of the Empress: a cheerful princess

The merry queen was Elizabeth:
Sings and has fun but there is no order! ¶
write about Elizabeth Petrovna a hundred years later, the poet A.K. Tolstoy. Write the real truth.
And yet this truth was much more complicated than it was reflected in satirical verses.

Illegitimate daughter of victory

Elizaveta Petrovna was born on December 18, 1709, the year of Peter's glorious victories over the Swedes. When Peter the Great learned that his second daughter had been born, he even postponed for three days the festivities on the occasion of the triumphs of Russian weapons. The news of the birth of Elizabeth seemed to him more important.
Peter already had a daughter from Catherine Annushka. But it was to "Lizanka", still an unintelligent baby, that the tsar kindled with especially passionate paternal feelings. And then he gave her a name that was rare in Russia then - Elizabeth. (Then it was often written "Elisabeth"). And he predicted a special fate for her. He dreamed that the frisky beauty daughter would become the wife of the King of France himself.
Therefore, Elizabeth was brought up quite carefully. By the age of 16, she already knew French as her mother tongue, and also spoke German and Italian. She knew how to tirelessly dance, sing, play music. But although all diplomats unanimously awarded her the title of the most beautiful princess in Europe, Versailles refused to make her the wife of "the most Christian king, Louis XV." After all, Elizabeth, like her sister Anna, appeared before the marriage of Peter and Catherine. And besides, the girls' mother was a simple Livonian laundress. So from the point of view of the nobility, Elizabeth Petrovna had no rights not only to the French, but also to the Russian throne.
However, then, in her early youth, she was not very upset about this.

At the back of the yard

Peter and Catherine spoiled their favorite, her nephew Peter II had a short affair with her. Elizabeth did not get into politics at that time and did not pretend to much. She had her own small palace near the Field of Mars and a country residence called Sarskoe (future Tsarskoe) village. There was no luxury in Sarsky at that time. Yes, and it would be dangerous to start: robbers roamed around in the dense forests. The letters of Princess Elizabeth to her steward in St. Petersburg have been preserved, where she demands to send bullets and buckshot, then that the robbers enter the park and threaten her house
In the village, she also waited out the troubled time of the beginning of 1730, when the nobles decided the fate of the Russian crown after the death of Peter II. She was one of the first to swear allegiance to Anna Ioannovna, chosen by them.
I swore. But in her heart she hardly knew that her life would now be oh, how not sweet!
"Long-nosed" Anna Ioannovna did not love and despised Elizabeth. She did not love, of course, for her beauty, for her natural grace, for her ability to be carefree and seemingly happy despite the circumstances. Well, and despised, of course, for "artificiality."
And most importantly, the empress did not know what to do with this dokuka. Whether to give in marriage, or But the hand did not wave at all. But Anna, rather, didn’t respect suitors, but braved Elizaveta Petrovna. And what suitors! Princes of Spain, Portugal, England, Moritz of Saxony himself, the first handsome man in Europe. She was afraid that if “Elisabeth” were abroad and free, and as a future queen, she would begin to take revenge on her, the Empress of All Russia.
Yes, and just like a woman: she did not want happiness for the beauty.
And so Elizaveta Petrovna officially remained a girl

Mother of cruel romance

Few people know an interesting fact: most likely, it was Elizaveta Petrovna who became the ancestor of the genre of cruel romance and KSP! She played excellent music and composed verses, extremely imperfect, but sincere and, of course, about love. And more often the cheerful "Elisabeth" composed sad songs.
There was a reason for that.
In the early 1730s. she began a stormy romance with the chamber-pager Shubin. But Anna Ioannovna suspected that Shubin would enter into an alliance with the guards officers, and then a coup d'état might occur, because "Petrov's daughter", unlike Anna herself, was very popular with the officers and soldiers of the guards. She even baptized their children, she was a "godfather" for many.
Played a role and eternal jealousy of someone else's happiness.
In short, overnight Shubin was exiled to Siberia, where he spent almost ten years.
Elizabeth was very homesick for the young handsome man. Once she went out onto the porch of her little palace and sang a song about broken love, about the evil fate of the separation. The soldier standing on the clock told his friend that the Empress-Tsesarevna deigned to sing. "What did you sing about?" Soldier outlined. "Fool woman, foolish woman and sings!" answered a friend.
This was probably the first review of one of the first Russian romances
Having become queen, Elizabeth ordered to find Shubin and generously rewarded him. But this has nothing to do with the history of music.

- (1709 1761/1762), Russian empress since 1741, daughter of Peter I. She was enthroned by the guards as a result of a palace coup, during which the young emperor Ivan VI Antonovich was deposed and imprisoned in the fortress. In the reign of Elizabeth ... Russian history

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ELIZAVETA PETROVNA- Imp. Elizabeth Petrovna. 1754 Artist. GG Prenner (TG) Imp. Elizabeth Petrovna. 1754 Artist. G. G. Prenner (TG) (December 18, 1709, the village of Kolomenskoye, Moscow Province. December 25, 1761, St. Petersburg), imp. All-Russian (since November 25, 1741), daughter of imp. Petra… … Orthodox Encyclopedia

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Elizaveta Petrovna- (1709 1761/1762), Russian empress since 1741, daughter of Peter I. She was enthroned by the guards as a result of a palace coup, during which the young emperor Ivan VI Antonovich was deposed and imprisoned in the fortress. During the reign of Elizabeth... encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

• Elizaveta Petrovna, Shishov A. Historical monograph dedicated to one of the most prominent women on the Russian throne, the daughter of the great Peter the Great, Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. The fate of women who had the supreme ... Buy for 582 rubles
• Elizaveta Petrovna, K. A. Pisarenko. Elizaveta Petrovna remained in the shadow of her great father for a long time. In addition, the daughter of Peter I is constantly compared with his nephew's wife, Catherine II, who also earned a "title" from her descendants ...

All rulers of Russia Vostryshev Mikhail Ivanovich

EMPRESS ELIZABETH PETROVNA (1709-1761)

EMPRESS ELIZABETH PETROVNA

Daughter of Emperor Peter the Great and Empress Catherine I Born December 18, 1709 in Moscow.

From the day of her mother's death on May 6, 1727, Grand Duchess Elizaveta Petrovna went through a difficult school. Her position was especially dangerous during the reign of Anna Ivanovna and the regency of Anna Leopoldovna, who were frightened by the commitment of the guards to the daughter of Peter I.

At 2 am on November 25, 1741, Elizabeth appeared at the barracks of the Preobrazhensky Regiment and, recalling whose daughter she was, ordered the guards to follow her to the palace. On November 25, a brief manifesto was issued on the accession of Elizabeth Petrovna to the Russian throne. Her coronation took place on April 25, 1742 in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

Having exiled, and then imprisoned in the fortress the overthrown young emperor Ivan VI, Elizaveta Petrovna looked for more and more invented and real conspiracies against her and severely punished both innocent and real conspirators.

Having secured power for herself, the empress hastened to reward people who contributed to her accession to the throne or were generally devoted to her. Sergeants became colonels, corporals became captains. Her favorite Alexei Razumovsky, the son of a simple Cossack, in 1744 was already a count of the Roman Empire and had a million dollar fortune.

Elizaveta Petrovna proclaimed a return to her father's reforms as the main principle of state activity. She liquidated the Cabinet of Ministers, restored the role of the Senate, the Chief Magistrate.

Portrait of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. Unknown artist. 1740–1750

Chancellor Count A.P. enjoyed strong influence under her. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. In foreign policy, he knew how to put Russia in such a position that all the powers sought her alliance. Only during the Seven Years' War did the chancellor's enemies finally manage to break him. A court was ordered over the chancellor, he was deprived of his ranks and exiled.

Despite the insufficient preparation for the Seven Years' War (began on December 31, 1756), military operations for Russia were successful in it.

In Little Russia, the administration of the region left much to be desired. Elizaveta Petrovna, visiting Kyiv in 1744, allowed to elect a hetman in the person of her favorite brother, Kirill Razumovsky.

In 1744, as a result of serious unrest of the Bashkirs, the Orenburg province was established, to which the Ufa province and the Stavropol district were subordinate. The Orenburg governor Neplyuev raised the Kirghiz and other local peoples against the Bashkirs, and the rebellion was pacified.

In 1754, at the suggestion of Peter Ivanovich Shuvalov, internal customs and outposts were abolished. This act completed the unification of eastern Russia, destroying the traces of appanage division.

Razumovsky, the nobles closest to Elizabeth Petrovna, did not interfere in state affairs. Their influence was great only in the field of church administration. Both Razumovskys were imbued with boundless respect for the memory of Stefan Yavorsky and enmity for the memory of Feofan Prokopovich. Therefore, people who hated the educational aspirations of Feofan Prokopovich, for the most part people from Little Russia, began to be elevated to the highest levels of the hierarchy.

Worthy of the deepest respect is the memory of Ivan Ivanovich Shuvalov and Mikhailo Vasilyevich Lomonosov, who associated their names with the most useful work of education during the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna. According to their project, Moscow University was founded in 1755, gymnasiums arose in Moscow and Kazan, and the Academy of Arts was founded in St. Petersburg.

By personal nature, Elizaveta Petrovna was alien to political ambition. It is very likely that if she, being a Grand Duchess, had not been persecuted, she would not have thought to take the place of the Russian Empress. In her youth, she was only interested in dancing, and in her old age - the pleasures of the table.

Of the events of the era of the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna, the following are also noteworthy.

Decree of the Empress of December 1741 on the return from exile of the princes Dolgoruky and other persons exiled during the reign of Anna Ivanovna.

Manifesto of the Empress November 7, 1742 on the appointment of Tsarevich Peter Fedorovich as his heir.

In Moscow, on December 22, 1742, an agreement was concluded with Great Britain on the mutual provision of military or financial assistance in the event of an attack on one of the parties.

Decree of the Empress on January 25, 1744 on the regulation of traffic on the streets: keep to the right side and do not drive "too fast".

Accession of Russia on December 28, 1744 to the Warsaw Pact between Austria, Saxony, Great Britain and Holland directed against France.

On August 21, 1745, the marriage of the heir to the Russian throne, Tsarevich Pyotr Fedorovich, with Princess Sophia-Frederika-Augusta, Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst, was baptized Ekaterina Alekseevna.

In St. Petersburg on May 22, 1746, the Russian-Austrian defensive alliance was signed for a period of 25 years. The treaty provided for military assistance from the parties and forbade the signing of a separate peace.

The opening took place on June 29, 1750 in Yaroslavl by the actor and director F.G. Volkov of the first Russian professional theater.

Opening in St. Petersburg on December 15, 1752 of the Naval gentry corps (since 1762 - Naval cadet corps).

Decree of the Empress on December 17, 1761 to the Senate on the release of prisoners from prisons. Up to 17 thousand convicts were released.

Empress Elizaveta Petrovna died in St. Petersburg on December 25, 1761 and was buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral.

4. Did Empress Elizabeth Petrovna rule in the eighth century AD? And now let's move on to the map made under the Russian Empress Elizabeth. See. Recall that Elizabeth Petrovna ruled from 1741 to 1762, that is, in the eighteenth century AD. And yet on the map