How to treat a wound with improvised means. Flame retardant Neomid for processing wooden roofing elements

In the form of a cut or wound. Most often, people injure their hands and feet. Small children in the process of active play can fall or get scratched. Adults cut with knives and scissors. Most often, no one is afraid of a minor injury, but not everyone knows how to properly treat a wound and what complications can arise.

Why are cuts dangerous?

Primary wound care

In the absence of medical preparations, they can be replaced with an aqueous 2% soda solution, a concentrated solution of table salt, chamomile infusion, vodka. If a cut or wound is not made with a sterile scalpel, then there will always be germs in it. Even postoperative wounds become infected, not to mention household ones. After treatment, the wound must be closed from possible re-contamination by applying a bandage or bandage. If we are talking about very small and shallow cuts, you can stop there.

deep wound care

Stages of wound healing

Wound inflammation is caused by microbes. It is accompanied by swelling of the edges of the wound, an increase in the temperature of the surrounding tissues, and pain. In the process of inflammation, cells are released from the blood that kill microorganisms inside the wound. This is a defensive response of the body. If the cut is covered with a crust of blood, it should never be torn off, even if pus or serous fluid oozes from under it. This crust protects the wound from new microbes and allows the stages of healing to proceed sequentially. After a week, the inflammation subsides, and the wound begins to be lined with granulation (intermediate) tissue. In the normal course of healing, after another 7-10 days, the granulations turn into a scar.

Sometimes wounds heal for a very long time or are reinfected. In such cases, surgery, revision of the wound, antibiotic therapy is necessary. This can happen if the wound is not treated properly or not. There is also a risk of infection of the wound with dangerous microbes and the development of diseases such as gangrene or tetanus.

Any, even the smallest cut, must be processed. This is the first necessary condition for the prevention of possible complications. Do not ignore medical help, and if possible, it is better to consult a specialist.

Tell us in the comments about your most terrible wounds. How did you get it, how did it heal?

Burns are the most common household injuries that every person encounters repeatedly. But it is impossible to treat them as something not worthy of attention. Even a seemingly minor burn can turn into serious consequences if left untreated.

Degrees and types of burns

Before treating a burn with any other means, you need to find out its degree and take into account the type.

All burns are divided into thermal (obtained from exposure to a hot substance - water, steam, oil, sunlight, etc.), chemical (tissues are damaged by caustic chemicals - alkali, acid, etc.) and electrical (formed under the influence of electric current).

When receiving chemical and electrical burns, it is undesirable to self-medicate, except to provide first aid. But you can independently eliminate the consequences of thermal burns. But here it all depends on the degree. They are distinguished by four:

• The first is manifested by reddening of the skin, a burning or tingling sensation and slight swelling.
• The second degree is manifested by severe reddening of the skin and blisters.
• The third degree burn is accompanied by wild pain, from which the victim can get shock and even lose consciousness. Burns to large areas of the body are fraught with death.
• The fourth degree is manifested by charring of the skin. Muscles and even bones are destroyed. Often the victim does not feel pain due to damage to the nerve endings.

If there is a third or fourth degree burn, even on a small area of ​​skin, the first thing to do is to immediately take the victim to the hospital. But with the first and second degree, it is quite possible to do without the participation of physicians.

First aid for first and second degree burns

Cool the affected area before treating the burn. This will lessen the pain. It is good to substitute the wound under running water for 10-20 minutes.

Further, at the first degree, you can treat the wound with some kind of antibacterial agent or healing cream. If the skin at the site of the burn is contaminated, it must be wiped with an alcohol solution (40%) before treatment.

In the second degree burn, the damage is treated with antiseptic agents based on furacilin, rivanol, etc. Anti-inflammatory and film-forming aerosols are used. You can also apply a bandage soaked in novocaine solution, or take painkillers inside.

What Not to Do

With burns of the first and second degree, there are taboos, the violation of which is fraught with complications. So, what should you never do?

• Apply ice to the burned area.
• Smear the wound with oil or greasy creams. Although they relieve pain in the first minutes, they retain heat and slow down the healing process.
• Lubricate the wound with sour cream, kefir and other dairy products (if we are not talking about a sunburn).
• Use cauterizing agents such as brilliant green or iodine.
• Bandage the wound.
• For second-degree burns, it is forbidden to rip off the blisters.

How to treat a burn? List of medicines

As a primary treatment for burns, furatsilin ointment has proven itself (especially for children). Plastubol and Yodvinizol have film-forming properties. Aerosols "Olazol" and "Lioxazid" are distinguished by high medicinal properties. Ointments "Bepanten", "Rescuer", "Levomekol" are also suitable.

The best answer to the question of how to treat a burn with boiling water is Panthenol aerosol. In this case, it is simply irreplaceable. If you don’t have any of the listed remedies at hand, you can use folk methods for treating burns, which will be discussed below.

Folk remedies for thermal burns

The centuries-old "burn practice" for mankind has not passed without a trace. The people came up with a lot of options for how to treat a burn at home without resorting to traditional medicine.

Here are the most popular and available:

• Toothpaste (preferably with propolis or mint). Applying it to the burned area relieves pain and prevents blistering.
• Potatoes or carrots - grated raw, they are applied to the wound and fixed with gauze.
• Cabbage. The cabbage leaf is cooled and applied to the affected area before heating. Then another chilled sheet is taken.
• Soda. One tablespoon per glass of water. The gauze is moistened with the solution and applied to the burn site.
• Green or black tea. Cooled fresh tea leaves are poured over the wound.
• Egg white. You can simply apply it to the wound, or you can mix it with sauerkraut (finely chopped) and apply.
• Onion. A finely chopped vegetable is fried in a large amount of sunflower oil until brown. Then the mass is cooled and filtered. Burnt places are lubricated with onion oil.
• Dill. The juice squeezed out of it is diluted with water in a ratio of one to two and applied to the burn in the form of lotions.
• Calendula. The tincture of this flower is mixed with vaseline in a ratio of one to two. The resulting ointment heals burns well.

Many are interested in the question of whether it is possible to treat a burn with urine. There is no single answer to it. Someone says that urine in this case is a panacea, and someone categorically denies it, arguing that urine contains toxins that can cause inflammation of the affected area.

Treatment of burns with hydrogen peroxide

Another topical question: "Is it possible to treat a burn with peroxide?". This tool, unlike special ointments, is in almost every first aid kit. It is used to stop bleeding and treat wounds. A solution of hydrogen peroxide (three percent) does not cause skin burning and other pain, but acts quickly. And it's inexpensive. But what about burns?

If the damage is of the first or second degree and does not occupy a large area, then it is quite possible to treat the burn with peroxide.

To do this, soak a napkin or bandage with the agent and apply a compress to the wound. Hold for a few minutes. Repeat the procedure 2-3 times a day for three days. The tool quickly relieves swelling and pain.

But peroxide cannot replace other drugs. After treating the wound with a solution, it is recommended to apply Levomekol-type ointments to the burn.

Thermal oil burns

Separate attention deserves injuries caused by hot oil, which housewives often encounter. The treatment of such thermal burns is somewhat different from those caused by steam, hot water, metal, etc.

If hot oil gets on the skin, the first thing to do is to substitute the injured area under cold water for about ten minutes. Remove the oil from the skin with cotton wool and look at the burn. If everything worked out with redness or small bubbles, you can try to deal with the problem yourself.

What else can be done to treat a burn?

• In this case, dark soap for household purposes has proven itself perfectly.
• It is good to apply soda, chalk or starch to the sore spot. They relieve puffiness.
• Honey compresses anesthetize and heal wounds.
• If pustules appear (which often happens with oil burns), antimicrobial ointments can be used. For example, Fusimet.

The specifics of the treatment of sunburn

The sooner first aid is provided for a sunburn, the “less blood” this situation will cost the victim. And it consists in eliminating the influence of sunlight and moisturizing the affected areas of the skin. True, a cold shower is not recommended - it is better to cover the burnt places with a wet cloth of natural origin.

This must be done before treating the sunburn with any nutrient. For example, a solution of aloe and vitamin E. By the way, this vitamin can also be taken orally - it helps to restore tissues.

Of the folk remedies, the most popular in the treatment of sunburn are traditional curdled milk with sour cream, which are applied to the burnt areas, potato juice, chamomile and oak decoctions, as well as ordinary black tea.

Chemical burns

As noted above, when receiving chemical burns, it is impossible to self-medicate. After all, they are characterized not only by skin injuries, but also by the ingress of harmful substances into the body. Therefore, medical supervision is necessary.

But if the degree of burn is not higher than the second, then first aid measures can and should be taken. The action algorithm is as follows:

• Rinse the wound with running water for 20 minutes.
• Treat the burn with a neutralizing solution. If the injury was caused by acid, then a soapy solution will help; if alkali is boric, citric or acetic acid (two percent solution).
• Treat the areas around the wound well with ammonia (0.5% solution).
• After removing the dead pieces of the epithelium, apply a compress with Vishnevsky ointment or synthomycin emulsion.

And be sure to see a doctor, whose help, by the way, will be needed for any degree and for any type of burns, if the wound does not heal for a long time, rots, hurts, body temperature is elevated, etc. It is important to always remember that such a seemingly trifling injury, as a burn, can cause serious complications, even death.

Antimicrobials and local anesthetics are used to relieve symptoms and reduce pain. They destroy pathogens and anesthetize. These include solutions, sprays, lozenges, throat lubricants. The otolaryngologist will advise the better to treat the throat with angina.

Rinsing

Regular performance of the procedure leads to the death of bacteria and their removal from the tonsils along with the liquid. For rinsing, use pharmacy preparations or home-made preparations. From ready-made funds can be distinguished:

• Chlorophyllipt;
• Furacilin;
• Lugol;
• Iodinol;
• Miramistin.

They should be diluted with boiled water at room temperature in the proportions indicated in the instructions for use.

To normalize the microflora in the mouth and suppress the growth of pathogens, it is recommended to rinse with probiotics: Normoflorin, Trilakt, Narine.

They have antiseptic, bactericidal, bacteriostatic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, immunostimulating action. Some contain essential oils of eucalyptus, mint, citrus, menthol, they activate cold receptors and distract from pain.

If you have any doubts about how to treat a sore throat with tablets or sprays, then it is better to opt for the former. Recent studies by scientists have shown that when the tablets are resorbed, the active substance enters in high concentrations and lasts longer in the oral cavity. Therefore, they are more effective in fighting the disease.

How can you smear the throat with angina?

With a sore throat, the pharynx is usually treated with oily agents that are highly hydrophobic (lack of the ability to dissolve in water or be wetted by it). This property allows them to linger on the mucosa and act longer on the focus of inflammation. They create a protective film that prevents the penetration of pathogens.

To lubricate the throat, apply:

Chlorophyllipt

Hydrogen peroxide.

How to treat a throat with a sore throat for a child

Not all methods that treat the throat of an adult are suitable for a child. For example, rinsing is shown to children who know that the solution cannot be swallowed and know how to properly carry out the procedure. Most sprays and solid dosage forms have contraindications for use in children under 3 years of age.

For this reason, inhalations and throat lubrication are most commonly used. But they also need to be done with caution. Often, parents force their children to breathe over a pot of hot potatoes. Such inhalations are not only ineffective, but also dangerous with laryngeal edema or severe bronchospasm. The safest method of treatment is inhalation with a nebulizer. Sterile medicinal solutions are poured into it and sprayed in the form of small droplets. The procedure can be carried out even for children up to a year.

Lubrication of the throat with a medicinal solution should be carried out so as not to injure the mucous membrane:

1. Sit the child in front of you.
2. Wrap the index finger of the right hand or spatula with a piece of bandage.
3. In the other hand, take a teaspoon and press the root of the tongue.
4. With quick movements, treat the tonsils, palatine uvula, and mucous membranes.
5. Limit food intake for 20-30 minutes.

If the child has an increased gag reflex, it is better to replace this procedure with rinsing.

Children of the first year of life can be given a dummy lubricated with chlorophyllipt or lugol.

How to treat the throat with purulent sore throat?

With purulent tonsillitis, the tissues of the tonsils are filled with purulent contents, which look like dots or stripes of a yellowish color. They are easily removed with a spatula. But one removal of pus is not enough. The process affects deep tissues, and plaque is only an external manifestation of bacterial activity. The main treatment is antibiotics. To relieve symptoms, you can dissolve the tablets, irrigate the pharynx with sprays or rinse. Lubrication with aggressive substances (iodine, hydrogen peroxide) is impractical and very painful.

How to treat the throat with peroxide for angina

Hydrogen peroxide (peroxide) has an antiseptic and mild antibacterial effect. It enters into an oxidation reaction with festering tissue of the tonsils, forming molecular oxygen. As a result, proteins of the protoplasm of microorganisms are oxidized, and they die. In this case, foam is formed, which washes away the waste products of bacteria.

How to treat the throat with angina, what concentration solution to use for rinsing, the frequency and duration of the procedures is determined by the doctor. Most often, 3% hydrogen peroxide is used, 1 tbsp. diluted in 200 ml of warm water and gargle every 3 hours. A high concentration can cause a burn, and a smaller one will not lead to the desired effect.

How to treat the throat with lugol for angina

Lugol is an iodine-based drug. To mitigate its irritating effect, glycerin is added to the composition of the product. It has an antimicrobial, antiseptic effect. Kills even staphylococcus, which is resistant to antibiotics.

To treat the throat with Lugol, you need tweezers and a cotton swab, which is used to lubricate the tonsils 3 to 6 times a day. Lugol appeared on sale in the form of a spray, which greatly facilitated the treatment.

Despite the effectiveness, low price and economical consumption, the solution has a number of contraindications:

• hypersensitivity to iodine;
• kidney disease;
• adenomas;
• haemorrhoids;
• age up to 5 years;
• pregnancy and lactation.

Lugol has a specific taste and can cause vomiting, and in children - laryngospasm. Therefore, before using it, you need to consult a doctor.

Lozenges and sprays

Modern pharmacies offer dozens of tablets and sprays. But to determine how to treat the throat with angina, the otolaryngologist should. You cannot self-medicate.

The most popular drugs and their prices are presented in the table.

Features of cleaning the tonsils

The tonsils are part of the human immune system. They trap microorganisms, preventing them from descending below the oral cavity. Frequent bacterial and viral infections cause proliferation and loosening of lymphoid tissue. Tonsillitis becomes chronic. The tonsils are constantly filled with pus and covered with a white coating.

Sanitation of the tonsils is carried out to prevent relapses. It can be done by yourself or by an otolaryngologist. There are the following methods of self-cleaning:

• using an irrigator - a device with a curved nozzle through which an antiseptic solution is supplied under pressure and cleans the tonsils;
• mechanical squeezing of pus from the lacunae with the help of gauze wound on a finger in the upward direction;
• squeezing out plugs - press on the tonsil with a teaspoon, while massaging the neck in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bits location;
• self-cleansing - put two fingers into your mouth and, without removing them, induce vomiting, the pharyngeal ring will narrow, and pus will remain on the fingers.

After all the procedures, be sure to rinse your throat with an antiseptic or dissolve a streptocide tablet. During the hour, only water is allowed.

Iodine is a natural antiseptic, but in its pure form it can cause mucosal burns. Therefore, it is better to use iodine-containing preparations in which it is in a safe concentration (solutions Betadine, Iodinol, Yoks spray, Lugol).

• hyperthyroidism;
• mouth ulcers;
• individual intolerance to the components;
• pulmonary tuberculosis;
• jade;
• pustular skin lesions, boils.

You can not prescribe these funds to pregnant women and children under 5 years of age.

Other drugs

The treatment of tonsillitis must be approached comprehensively. In addition to antibacterial and symptomatic drugs, the doctor should prescribe: multivitamins(Alphabet, Complivit, Vitrum), biologically active additives (BAA) based on ginseng, eleutherococcus, echinacea to maintain weakened immunity, probiotics for the prevention of dysbacteriosis(Linex, Acipol, Bifidumbacterin).

Folk remedies

Folk recipes have been tested on themselves by more than one generation, but angina is terrible for its complications. Therefore, self-medication is unacceptable. You can use these recipes as an adjuvant therapy to achieve a quick effect.

The most popular in folk medicine are rinses and compresses. Here are some recipes:

1. For 200 ml of warm water, take 1 tsp. salt and baking soda, add 3-4 drops of iodine. Carry out the procedure every 2-3 hours.
2. Pour 2 tablespoons into a glass of boiling water. sage herbs, let it brew until cool, rinse 3-4 times a day.
3. Mix an equal amount of chamomile and calendula flowers, 2 tbsp. raw materials brew 200 ml of boiling water, wait until it cools down, strain and rinse 4-5 times a day.
4. 2 tsp dilute apple cider vinegar in a glass of water and add 1-2 drops of iodine, repeat the procedure 3 times a day.

To prepare a compress, honey is used, which is applied in a thin layer on gauze, applied to the throat, cellophane is placed on top and wrapped with a woolen scarf. Leave the compress for 4-6 hours. You can make a warm compress based on alcohol or vodka. But it is not suitable for children. Such treatment is carried out only when the first symptoms of angina appear and at normal body temperature. In the acute stage, it is impossible to warm the tonsils so as not to provoke swelling of the tissues, the spread of the pathological process into the respiratory tract and the development of complications.

rinses

• to prepare the solution, take warm water;
• the prepared medicine quickly loses its medicinal properties, so it cannot be stored for a long time;
• to provide access to the tonsils, you need to inhale, tilt your head back and, as you exhale, pronounce the sounds "A" and "Y" alternately;
• the duration of one call should be at least 20 seconds so that the throat is well irrigated;
• you need to control your breathing so as not to accidentally choke;
• avoid swallowing the solution;
• after the procedure, do not eat or drink for half an hour;
• repeat rinsing as often as possible.

If everything is done correctly, relief comes after 2-3 rinses.

lollipops

They are a common anesthetic. Antibiotic lozenges are produced (for example, Koldakt Lorpils, Neoangin, Astracept), essential oils (Carmolis and Travisil), sage (Doctor Tice). They help relieve inflammation, relieve perspiration, reduce discomfort when swallowing, and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Children can be given lozenges from the age of 5-6, as they may accidentally swallow them and choke.

Inhalations

Allow to reduce the drug load on the body, especially in children. But it is impossible to carry out inhalations without the consent of the doctor. Contraindicated at body temperature above 37.5 ° and purulent tonsillitis. It is best to use a nebulizer, with which the drug is sprayed in the form of small droplets and delivered to the tonsils. Chlorophyllipt, Miramistin, Dioxidin, Tonsilgon N are most often used. Before the procedure, they are diluted with saline in the required proportion.

Antiseptics for the treatment of wounds are in every home first aid kit. But do people always choose the right way to treat a wound? After all, it is not without reason that there are several different solutions, each of which should be used to treat certain wounds and sores. Today we will find out why we need an antiseptic? Consider the 9 most popular and inexpensive tools and understand their differences.

What is an antiseptic?

Let us immediately turn to the Greek translation of the term: anti - against, septikos - putrid. And an antiseptic is really called any remedy that is able to fight bacteria caused by decomposition processes, and also serves as a prevention of their reproduction.

Antiseptics have been known since ancient times. The embalming of corpses was carried out with means that prevented the processes of decay, otherwise some of the finds would not have survived to their contemporaries. But antiseptics began to be popularized only from the middle of the 19th century, when the first trials of surgical operations using carbolic acid began.

By the way! Antiseptics are not used for wound healing, but for their disinfection, i.e. to kill infection and prevent inflammation.

Antiseptics are now used not only in medicine, but also in other areas. For example, in the woodworking industry for impregnation of wood in order to avoid the development of putrefactive processes. Logs for a bath, which will constantly be in a humid environment, will definitely need pre-treatment with antiseptic impregnations. So, what are antiseptics?

9 best antiseptics

Carbolic acid, which was first used as a body antiseptic, is not used today because of its danger. In fact, it is a harmful phenol, which in large quantities can cause poisoning. But over 150 years, many different antiseptics have been invented that meet all the necessary requirements, namely:

All these requirements are met to varying degrees by at least 9 antiseptics, which are considered the most effective and affordable.

The antiseptic effect of ethyl alcohol does not last long. As soon as the alcohol evaporates (30-40 seconds), the action stops. But usually it is enough to destroy the most active microbes. Ethanol is primarily treated for small, fresh wounds and cuts, but should not be used continuously. Alcohol dries out the skin and, if used frequently, can cause microtrauma. The cost of one bottle of ethanol (100 ml) is small: about 30 rubles.

Aqueous solution of Furacilin

Furacilin is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent. It is used more often in the form of an aqueous solution, although it is possible to prepare it with alcohol. An aqueous solution of Furacilin is good to use for the treatment of wounds and sores on the mucous membrane: in the oral cavity, nose, vagina. But it also works great as a skin antiseptic (ulcers, burns).

Furacilin is sold in the form of ready-made solutions (60-70 rubles per 100 ml), tablets that need to be ground into powder before dissolving (80-90 rubles for 10 pcs.), As well as effervescent self-dissolving tablets (110-120 rubles for 10 pcs. ).

It is a so-called antiseptic-antioxidant, which, upon contact with the skin, releases oxygen. This is indicated by the bubbles that appear when peroxide is applied to the wound. The more bubbles, the more pollution. Treatment of the wound with hydrogen peroxide is very effective on postoperative sutures, as the resulting foam automatically washes away dirt without requiring wiping the wound.

Despite the apparent aggressiveness of hydrogen peroxide, it is a fairly mild antiseptic that can also be used for mucous membranes. For example, they can moisten a cotton swab and insert it into the nostril to stop bleeding and treat the damaged vessel. At the same time, it is an excellent drying agent. The cost of a bottle of peroxide (10 ml) is approximately 40 rubles.

Potassium permanganate solution

It has an antimicrobial and disinfectant effect due to the oxidizing ability of manganese. Potassium permanganate is used to treat wounds, sores, burns. But it is important to prepare a weak solution, because a highly concentrated one can cause a chemical burn to the skin.

At home, it is not recommended to use potassium permanganate precisely because of ignorance of the exact concentration for certain wounds and non-compliance with the technique of its preparation. But pink water is suitable, for example, for wetting a dried bandage. In a pharmacy, potassium permanganate is sold in the form of burgundy crystals and is called Potassium permanganate. The cost of a five-gram vial is 60-70 rubles.

Good old antiseptic, which is in almost every home. For the treatment of wounds, a 5% solution is used, although in some cases it is necessary to dilute it to a less concentrated one. Iodine is good for treating fresh cuts and shallow wounds.

It is not recommended to use iodine solution for the treatment of wounds received more than 5 days ago, as well as acne, bedsores and thermal burns. Also, iodine should be used with caution in people suffering from endocrine diseases. 10 ml of iodine costs only 10-15 rubles.

Or simply brilliant green, which is so disliked in the USA, believing that it is toxic. But in Russia, this antiseptic is the most popular. Perhaps there is no person who would never come across a brilliant green. It has an excellent antimicrobial effect, but it does not damage tissues and does not cause burns, such as iodine. The content of ethyl alcohol in brilliant green makes the antiseptic even more effective in use for both fresh and old wounds.

A solution of brilliant green is able to fight not only gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but also dangerous Staphylococcus aureus and diphtheria bacillus. Another plus of brilliant green: the ability to stimulate tissue regeneration. And this is the cheapest antiseptic: the cost of a bottle (10 ml) is 10 rubles. Against the background of all the pluses, only one minus is distinguished: a rich green color that is washed off for a very long time. And in order not to stain yourself and everything around with brilliant green, you can use not a standard bottle, but a special pencil. It costs 50-60 rubles.

Otherwise, it is called "red brilliant green", although its properties are somewhat different from those of a solution of brilliant green. Fukortsin also contains ethyl alcohol, as well as boric acid and phenol. Therefore, it must be used with caution.

Fukortsin is used to disinfect wounds, prevent their suppuration and stop the process that has already begun. Suitable for the treatment of purulent and fungal skin diseases. It is used for abrasions, erosive wounds, acne on the face. The cost of a bottle of Fukortsin (25 ml) is approximately 40 rubles.

Chlorhexidine bigluconate

An antiseptic that is rarely found in a home first aid kit because it is not universal. Chlorhexidine bigluconate (or as it is called more simply - Chlorhexidine) is prescribed by a doctor, and in a certain concentration.

For example, 0.05% is used to rinse the throat and wash the nose, and a more concentrated solution is needed to treat wounds on the skin: from 0.1 to 0.5%. Chlorhexidine is good for festering wounds and burns. It is suitable for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (genital organs can be treated with a 0.1% solution).

Important! For open wounds and mucous membranes, an aqueous solution of Chlorhexidine is used. Alcohol is also used by surgeons for rubbing hands before operations, processing tools and instruments.

Depending on the concentration of Chlorhexidine, it is able to fight certain types of bacteria and infections. The cost of a bottle of an aqueous solution of 0.05% costs less than 10 rubles per 100 ml. Alcohol will cost 10-15 rubles more.

A universal antiseptic that appeared relatively recently and immediately became popular. Its basis is a complex monohydrate. Those who have tried Miramistin once rarely return to other means. It has a very wide spectrum of action, it perfectly fights infections of the throat, nose, and genital tract, and is suitable for suture treatment. Another plus is that it is absolutely tasteless and does not sting, even if you treat severe and deep wounds.

The minus of Miramistin is its price. This is the most expensive antiseptic presented earlier. A bottle of 150 ml costs 340-350 rubles. But it is economically used, thanks to the spray nozzle.

There are also antiseptic ointments that also work effectively (Ichthyol ointment, Vishnevsky ointment, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Levomekol, etc.) and antibacterial powders for wounds (Gentaxan, Baneocin, Streptocid, Xeroform, Galagran).

How to properly treat an open wound

Antiseptic treatment requires any, even a minor wound. The cat scratched, the burr came off, they were damaged during shaving - it is necessary to treat the wound in order to avoid its infection and the development of gangrene. There are cases when a negligent attitude towards oneself led to serious consequences, and, for example, an infection got into the body due to a squeezed and untreated pimple.

Having received a wound (any damage to the skin that provoked bleeding), you must immediately exclude any contact with it. Then take an antiseptic and apply it to the wound with a piece of cotton wool or a bandage, or simply by spraying it. Then, if the damage is serious, you should consult a doctor. If it’s not serious, you can stick a patch on top or bandage it.

It is difficult to insure yourself against cuts. They can be obtained by doing ordinary housework, apartment or car, in the country or at work. An accidental and not treated timely cut is dangerous with suppuration and complications. In the article we will tell you how to handle cuts, and how to do it correctly. We will also describe how to act so that there are no unpleasant consequences, and the wound heals quickly.

Types of cuts

Anyone who wants to know how to treat a cut needs to find out what caused the wound and how deep the damage is.

Let's look at the most common types of cuts:

• Cut with a blunt object. It could be a wound from a fall on the pavement. As a result, not only damage to the skin occurs, but also severe bruising of the muscles. This complicates the treatment process.
• Cut with a sharp object. There are two types of wounds here: lacerated or even. A lacerated wound - from uneven glass, a specially serrated knife, from any sharp object with irregularities. Smooth wound - from a household knife, a piece of glass with smooth edges, a sharp object without notches. Usually these are deep cuts, with damage not only to the muscles, but also to the ligaments.
• A cut with a sharp and thin object. Otherwise, it is called a puncture. It could be a wound from an ordinary needle. The whole danger of such an injury is that it is not only a deep, but a narrow cut. As a result, bleeding is difficult to stop. A specific bruise quickly appears, and swelling.
• Not just a cut, but a practically cut off part of the body, e.g. finger. In this case, it is important to protect the open part of the wound from microbes.

There are also combined species. For any type of injury, it is important to know basic first aid and how to treat cuts.

First aid

1. Visual inspection of the wound.
2. Washing the cut with water.
3. Avoid contact with the wound itself to avoid infection. But when the cut was caused by a dirty object, contact cannot be avoided. It is required to thoroughly wash the wound with a cleansing and disinfecting agent. If this was not at hand, then baby soap will do.
4. Severe bleeding, it should be stopped. Either by pressing a finger on a blood vessel, or, when possible, apply a tourniquet. If the cut is on an arm or leg, it will reduce bleeding by placing the limb above body level. You just need to lay the victim down and raise his arm / leg.
5. Before applying the tourniquet, it is necessary to determine which vessel is damaged: a vein or an artery. Arterial blood is bright red, scarlet. Venous is darker, almost burgundy. A tourniquet is applied to the artery above the wound. On a vein - below the cut. The duration of use of the tourniquet depends on the condition of the patient, on average - from 40 minutes to one and a half hours. Otherwise, tissue necrosis may begin.
6. Re-disinfection of the wound after bleeding has stopped. The best option is hydrogen peroxide. If the wound is deep, then you need to make sure that the peroxide does not contribute to the formation of an air lock in the blood vessel. For minor cuts, alcohol, brilliant green, and iodine can be used for disinfection.
7. final procedure. Apply a wet bandage (sterile) or a rag to the wound. When dry, they can stick to the wound.

While the essential procedures are being done or immediately after they are completed, an ambulance should be called. If the injury does not pose a particular danger, you can go to the nearest hospital yourself. Below we will tell you in detail how to handle cuts. We will also consider the procedure for carrying out procedures, depending on the depth of damage.

The first stage of treatment - examination and washing of the wound

How to properly treat a cut on the finger? If the finger is damaged, the treatment procedure is divided into 4 stages. The first is inspection and washing. Inspection of the cut is done in order to detect foreign objects in the wound. It may be the remnants of what caused the damage; dirt particles; pieces of glass. It is better to remove a foreign body with tweezers. Then it is recommended to wash the cut. To do this, pour hydrogen peroxide on the wound. As a result of a chemical reaction, the drug will begin to foam. In this way, the remains of uncleaned dirt will be washed out of the cut. Additionally, hydrogen peroxide will disinfect the wound. Furacilin solution, soapy water are also suitable for washing the cut. If the choice was made in favor of a soapy solution, then after the wound you need to rinse with additional clean water. This step is no less important than the next three. From the correctness of its implementation will depend on how quickly the wound heals and what kind of scar remains.

Stage of stopping the blood

When the wound is shallow, the bleeding stops on its own. If the blood does not stop flowing after 15 minutes, then you should raise your hand with an injured finger, after applying a bandage. If the blood comes through the bandage and does not stop for more than half an hour, then there are problems with clotting. You can't stop the bleeding on your own. You need to contact the hospital department, as hemostatic drugs are needed. And then only the doctor will determine how to treat the cut on the arm.

In this case, it is forbidden to remove the applied bandage, as it sticks to the wound. And removing it will only increase the bleeding. Also, heavily and improperly applied bandages can cause irreparable harm.

Stage three - wound treatment procedure

After stopping the bleeding, it is necessary to treat the wound. If a bandage has been applied, then it must be removed correctly. To facilitate removal without causing pain or to avoid re-bleeding, the bandage is moistened with a solution of furacilin. So the adherent tissue will calmly move away from the wound. After removing the bandage, the cut is additionally wiped with the same solution until the bandage threads are completely removed. After the wound must be dried with clean material. How to treat the cut on the finger further, with iodine or brilliant green, does not play a big role. The main thing is to make sure that the disinfectant does not get on the wound itself, as it can burn living tissue and add pain. Only the edges of the cut need to be processed. A small amount of healing ointment should be applied to the wound itself. Otherwise, it will only soak the cut and delay healing. At the end, if necessary, a re-bandage is applied. The wound treatment procedure can be one-time and repetitive. You need to watch how the edges of the cut are tightened. How to treat a wound from a cut during repeated dressings? This will be advised by the doctor.

Stage four - proper dressing

To facilitate the removal of the bandage, it is recommended to wrap the finger with a small piece of paper. Pre-wet it with hydrogen peroxide. The paper will protect from pain during the period of changing the bandage. Important: Not all paper is suitable. Only clean (without printing ink), durable (napkins are not suitable), not very rough are selected. Before applying a bandage over the paper, you need to try to connect the edges of the wound. This is important for deep cuts. The bandage should be tight enough, but not prevent bleeding. Faster with proper blood flow. Determining whether the bandage is tight is simple: you need to watch your finger. If it begins to turn blue or becomes cold, the bandage should be loosened. With a small cut, a corn patch is also suitable. The bandage needs to be changed once a day.

Why not make mistakes in wound care?

If a mistake was made during the treatment of a cut or dressing, the wound will take longer to heal or may fester. Therefore, it is worth paying due attention to the treatment of the wound on the finger. The situation is more complicated with severe cuts. How to treat a deep cut on the arm? In this case, even knowing all the features, you can not do without the help of a doctor.

How to treat a deep cut of the finger? The sequence of manipulations

Deep cuts require more complex handling and proper attention. Since not only the skin and muscles are damaged here, the wound can harm the tendons and nerve endings. There are cases with damage and bones. When deep, it loses sensitivity, and also does not bend or unbend. Only doctors can provide basic medical care. Sometimes it is required to connect the tendons and muscles in an operative way.

What to do and how to treat a deep cut before the ambulance arrives or before going to the hospital? First of all, it is necessary to determine which vessel is damaged: a capillary, an artery or a vein. If the blood flows spasmodically, pulsatingly, it means that an important vessel is damaged. Such bleeding requires an urgent stop with the help of a tourniquet. To prevent tissue death, the bandage is periodically (after 30 minutes) loosened.

When the blood is not flowing too much, you can let a small amount flow out. This is done so that the blood itself washed away foreign objects and dirt.

The cut must be cleaned, otherwise the germs will quickly spread through the blood. Here again hydrogen peroxide is recommended. It will wash away the remaining dirt, help in stopping the blood and disinfect the wound. Many are interested in learning how to treat cuts for quick healing. It is hydrogen peroxide that doctors recommend.

Do not rinse deep cuts with running water. It contains substances that will harm the wound. After these procedures, you need to apply a not very tight bandage. You can use a bandage or cloth.

How to revive the victim?

Until emergency help arrives, you need to keep your hand above your head. If the victim is in a difficult situation, you need to help him in this matter. Often people are afraid of one kind of blood and lose consciousness. In this case, the victim must be brought to his senses:

• it is necessary to have access to fresh air;
• massage the earlobes;
• light blows on the cheeks;
• give a sniff of ammonia.

When should you go to the hospital?

You need to go to the hospital in the following situations:

1. For large and deep cuts.
2. If the bleeding doesn't stop.
3. You cannot remove the foreign body yourself.
4. When the cut is caused by a contaminated object.
5. Suppuration, swelling and discoloration of the skin around the wound began.
6. Fever and general weakness.
7. The cut does not heal for a long time.

When contacting a doctor, you need to tell how the cut occurred and what measures were taken.

Conclusion

The most important thing when you see a wound is not to panic. Knowing the sequence of manipulations and how to handle cuts, you need to pay all attention to the correct processing. This is the only way to help yourself quickly. It is a little more difficult to treat a cut to a child. Before starting the procedure, you need to calm the baby. Then try to immobilize the damaged part of the body, and then start processing. Remember that proper wound care is the key to rapid healing.