What is not typical for adenoids. Adenoids. Symptoms, causes of inflammation, treatment and removal of adenoids. Medical treatment of adenoids

Adenoids are a special tissue located in the nasopharynx. The palatine tonsils, lingual tonsil, tubal ridges located in the nasopharynx and surrounding the mouths of the auditory tubes consist of similar tissue. Also, the lymph nodes of the neck are included in the system of lymphatic tissue of the upper respiratory tract.

In children, lymphoid tissue is gradually replaced by connective tissue with age. To a greater extent, adenoids are subject to this process, therefore, by adolescence, they “resolve” in most children. The presence of hypertrophied adenoids in adults is considered a pathology and in most cases requires removal.

Can adenoids be treated?

It is important to separate hypertrophy (enlargement) of the adenoids and adenoiditis (inflammation of the adenoids). Unfortunately, there are no drugs that can effectively "resolve" hypertrophied adenoids. Most of the drugs prescribed for children with hypertrophied adenoids are for the treatment of adenoiditis.

Local hormonal preparations are often prescribed to help reduce swelling of the adenoids and improve nasal breathing. In case of severe bacterial inflammation in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, antibiotics (topically) may be prescribed in combination with hormonal therapy for the treatment of adenoiditis. These drugs should be used in short courses, as long-term use can damage the normal flora of the nasal cavity.

A positive effect is the use of saline solutions. These solutions cleanse the nasal cavity of mucus, improve the condition of the nasal mucosa and nasopharynx, help remove allergens and microbes from the nasal cavity. It is not recommended to use active lavages, in which fluid enters the nasal cavity under high pressure, they can affect the development of complications of adenoiditis - primarily acute otitis media.

When should adenoids be removed?

By itself, adenoid hypertrophy is not an indication for.

The reasons for the increase in adenoids may be their individual characteristics, past viral infections, allergic reactions. main symptom enlarged adenoids is the deterioration of nasal breathing. As a result of a long-term violation of nasal breathing in childhood, the formation of the facial skeleton may be disrupted and an abnormal bite may form. In some cases, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome develops, as a result of which the quality of night sleep is disturbed. In patients with this syndrome, the duration of the deep sleep phase is sharply reduced, as a result, the child does not get enough sleep. Such children often suffer from attention deficit and are observed by psychologists.

A separate group of complications of adenoid hypertrophy is infectious complications. Recurrent acute otitis media and sinusitis (sinusitis, ethmoiditis) in most cases are the result of chronic adenoiditis, when the adenoids are a kind of "reservoir" of infection, from where it can spread to the paranasal sinuses and middle ear.

Another common complication of adenoid hypertrophy is exudative otitis media. This is a special form of otitis media, in which there are no pain sensations and general signs of inflammation (for example, fever). With exudative otitis in the cavities of the middle ear, fluid forms behind the eardrum. Often, children suffering from exudative otitis do not feel any symptoms, meanwhile, the examination shows hearing loss (hearing loss of 1-2 degrees). It is important to remember that if exudative otitis media is not treated for more than a few months, persistent hearing loss may develop, which may persist after the symptoms of inflammation in the middle ear stop.

In the case of the development of one or more of the listed complications, surgical treatment is indicated. Conservative treatment in such cases is not justified, as it can lead to worsening of symptoms and the development of irreversible changes in the middle ear and paranasal sinuses.

Opponents of adenotomy believe that adenoids cannot be removed, since there is nothing superfluous in the body. One cannot but agree with this statement. However, adenoids are not the only accumulation of lymphoid tissue in the upper respiratory tract. Removal of the adenoids leads to the loss of a small part of the lymphoid tissue, which does not adversely affect the functioning of the entire system and does not cause a "weakening" of local immunity.

Diagnostics in EMC

Adenoids are located in the nasopharynx - an area difficult to access for inspection. Therefore, X-ray methods of examination and endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity are used to diagnose adenoid hypertrophy. The EMC Children's Clinic (Moscow) uses both methods. For endoscopic examination of the nasopharynx, special children's flexible endoscopes are used, the thickness of which is slightly more than 2 mm. Such equipment allows you to painlessly and quickly examine even the smallest patients.

The second stage of diagnosis is radiological methods. Depending on the presence of concomitant pathology (otitis or inflammation in the paranasal sinuses), an x-ray or computed tomography of the sinuses can be performed. These studies allow us to assess not only the size of the adenoids, but also the state of the surrounding structures. All studies are carried out on modern equipment and are absolutely harmless.

The use of both methods allows you to get the maximum amount of information and choose the right treatment tactics - surgical or conservative.

How is the operation in EMC?

There are many different techniques for removing adenoid tissue (adenotomy). In our clinic, adenotomy is performed using both a traditional adenotomy and a microdebridor, depending on the location, extent of the adenoid tissue, and structural features of the nasopharynx. The operation is performed on the child in a state of safe medical sleep through the mouth, with careful visual control. Various types of endoscopes, surgical microscope or mirror optics are used for visualization. With this method, maximum control over the completeness of the removal of adenoids is achieved. Then coagulation is carried out, which provides reliable prevention of postoperative bleeding.

How is the postoperative period?

In our clinic, the child sees his parents immediately after waking up from drug sleep. Thus, psychological trauma from surgical intervention is minimized.

After adenotomy, the child is observed in a comfortable hospital for 6-7 hours, and, in the absence of complications, is discharged home. In the coming days after the operation, it is recommended to limit physical activity and exclude thermal procedures (hot baths, baths). In some cases, a short course of antibiotics is prescribed after surgery to prevent infectious complications.

Benefits of treating adenoids in EMC

The EMC Children's Clinic has accumulated extensive experience in the treatment of children with adenoid hypertrophy and adenoiditis. We achieve high results thanks to an individual approach to each patient and thorough diagnostics using modern technologies. In their work, the doctors of the Children's Clinic follow international standards and prescribe only those drugs whose effectiveness and safety have been proven.

If surgical treatment is necessary, its safety is achieved through a thorough preoperative examination, surgery under general anesthesia and with constant endoscopic control, and dynamic postoperative monitoring.

The high professionalism of doctors, modern equipment, individual approach and compliance with international therapy protocols are the key to high efficiency and safety of treatment of adenoid diseases in our clinic.

Adenoids(glands) are defective changes in the pharyngeal tonsil. They usually occur after past infections (measles, scarlet fever, influenza, diphtheria) or are hereditary defects. More common in children 3-10 years old.

Your baby does not get out of the snot and constantly sits on sick leave? It is possible that the basis of health problems is the growth of the nasopharyngeal tonsil, in other words, adenoid vegetations. We will talk about one of the most popular medical problems among those faced by most parents of kindergarten children: to remove or not to remove adenoids.

Symptoms of adenoids

The disease proceeds slowly, unobtrusively, one gets the impression: is it a disease at all? Most often, adenoids are manifested by the fact that the child often catches a cold, and parents often have to "sit on sick leave", which eventually causes trouble at work. In most cases, it is this circumstance that makes you see a doctor. And in general, the reasons for contacting an otorhinolaryngologist about adenoids are worthy of talking about them separately. They are very unusual.

For example, the second most common reason for visiting a doctor is the spontaneous dissatisfaction of the grandmother, who came from the village, with the child's breath. Well, I don't like it. Then comes the accidental detection of something incomprehensible in the nasopharynx during a medical examination in kindergarten. And only in fourth place are complaints of a medical nature brought to the doctor. By the way, it is this contingent, which is only in fourth place in terms of seeking medical attention, that deserves real attention.

Adenoids are not visible to the "naked" eye - only an ENT doctor can examine the nasopharyngeal tonsil using a special mirror.

For some, they cause a lot of problems. Although originally intended to protect. The nasopharyngeal tonsils, or adenoids, hold the first line of defense against microbes that seek to enter the body with the air inhaled through the nose. On their way, there is a kind of filter in the form of adenoids. Special cells (lymphocytes) are produced there, which neutralize microorganisms.

This restless organ reacts to any inflammation. During the disease, the adenoids increase. When the inflammatory process passes, they return to normal. If the interval between diseases is too short (a week or less), the adenoids do not have time to decrease, they are constantly inflamed. Such a mechanism (“they don’t have time all the time”) leads to the fact that the adenoids grow even more. Sometimes they "swell" to such an extent that they almost completely block the nasopharynx. The consequences are obvious - difficulty in nasal breathing and hearing loss. If they are not stopped in time, adenoids can cause changes in the shape of the face, bite, blood composition, curvature of the spine, speech disorders, kidney function, and urinary incontinence.

Troubles adenoids deliver, as a rule, to children. In adolescence (13–14 years), the adenoid tissue decreases on its own to a small size and does not complicate life in any way. But this is if from the very beginning the problem that arose was treated professionally. Usually errors start from the moment of diagnosis.

Adenoids, or more correctly - adenoid vegetations (adenoid growths) - a widespread disease among children from 1 year to 14-15 years. It most often occurs between the ages of 3 and 7 years. Currently, there is a tendency to identify adenoids in children of an earlier age.

Signs of adenoids

The child breathes through his mouth, which is often open, especially at night.

There is no runny nose, and nasal breathing is difficult.

Prolonged runny nose, which is difficult to treat.

What are adenoids fraught with?

Hearing impairment. Normally, the difference between the external atmospheric pressure and the internal pressure in the middle ear cavity is regulated by the auditory (Eustachian) tube. An enlarged nasopharyngeal tonsil blocks the mouth of the auditory tube, making it difficult for air to pass freely into the middle ear. As a result, the eardrum loses its mobility, which affects the auditory sensations.

Quite often in children, due to overgrown adenoids, hearing is impaired. You should not be afraid of such violations, since they disappear completely, as soon as the cause is eliminated. Hearing loss can be of varying degrees. With adenoids - hearing loss to moderate severity.

You can also check if a child has a hearing impairment at home using the so-called whispered speech. Normally, a person hears a whisper across the room (six or more meters). When your child is busy playing, try calling out in a whisper from a distance of at least six meters. If the child heard you and turned around, his hearing is within the normal range. If you didn’t respond, call again - maybe the baby is too passionate about the game, and the problem at the moment is not at all a hearing impairment. But if he does not hear you, come a little closer - and so on until the child definitely hears you. You will know the distance from which the child hears whispered speech. If this distance is less than six meters and you are sure that the child did not respond to your voice, not because he was too carried away, but precisely because of hearing loss, you should urgently seek medical advice. The urgency is explained by the fact that hearing impairment occurs due to various reasons (not only through the fault of the adenoids). One of the reasons is neuritis. If the neuritis has just begun, the matter can still be corrected, but if you delay, the child may remain deaf for life.

As a rule, there are simultaneously enlarged adenoids and hypertrophied tonsils. Moreover, the tonsils in some children are so enlarged that they almost close with each other; it is understandable that a child with such tonsils has trouble swallowing food. But the main thing is that the child is not able to breathe freely either through the nose or through the mouth.

And it often happens that breathing difficulties cause the baby to wake up at night. He wakes up in fear that he will suffocate. Such a child is more likely than other children to be nervous and without mood. It is necessary to immediately consult with an otolaryngologist, who will decide when and where to remove the adenoids and cut the tonsils.

Overly enlarged adenoids and tonsils can also cause bedwetting in a child. One or two nightly "troubles" that happened to the child do not yet mean bedwetting. But if this phenomenon is observed constantly, you should consult a doctor.

Frequent colds. Persistent colds are due to the fact that the child cannot breathe freely through the nose. Normally, the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses produces mucus, which "cleanses" the nasal cavity from bacteria, viruses and other disease-causing factors. If a child has an obstacle to the flow of air in the form of adenoids, the outflow of mucus is difficult, and favorable conditions are created for the development of infection and the occurrence of inflammatory diseases.

Adenoiditis is a chronic inflammation of the nasopharyngeal tonsils. Adenoids, making nasal breathing difficult, not only contribute to the occurrence of inflammatory diseases, but in themselves are a good environment for the attack of bacteria and viruses. Therefore, the tissue of the nasopharyngeal tonsil, as a rule, is in a state of chronic inflammation. Microbes and viruses get a “permanent residence permit” in it. There is a so-called focus of chronic infection, from which microorganisms can spread throughout the body.

Decreased school performance. It has been proven that when nasal breathing is difficult, the human body does not receive up to 12-18% oxygen. Therefore, in a child suffering from difficulty in nasal breathing due to adenoids, there is a constant lack of oxygen, and, above all, the brain suffers.

Speech disorders. In the presence of adenoids in a child, the growth of the bones of the facial skeleton is disrupted. This, in turn, can adversely affect the formation of speech. The child does not pronounce individual letters, constantly speaks through the nose (nasal). Parents often do not notice these changes, as they "get used" to the pronunciation of the child.

Frequent otitis. Adenoid growths disrupt the normal functioning of the middle ear, as they block the mouth of the auditory tube. This creates favorable conditions for the penetration and development of infection in the middle ear.

Inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract - pharyngitis, laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis. With the growth of adenoid tissue, chronic inflammation develops in it. This leads to the constant production of mucus or pus that drains into the underlying parts of the respiratory system. Passing through the mucous membrane, they cause inflammatory processes - pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx), laryngitis (inflammation of the larynx), tracheitis (inflammation of the trachea) and bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchi).

These are only the most noticeable and frequent disorders that occur in the body of a child in the presence of adenoid vegetations. In fact, the range of pathological changes that cause adenoids is much wider. This should include changes in the composition of the blood, developmental disorders of the nervous system, impaired renal function, etc.

As a rule, one of these symptoms is enough to establish a diagnosis and carry out adequate therapeutic measures.

Diagnosis of adenoids

It is necessary to treat adenoids, since prolonged shallow and frequent breathing through the mouth causes abnormal development of the chest and leads to anemia. In addition, due to constant oral breathing in children, the growth of the bones of the face and teeth is disrupted and a special adenoid type of face is formed: the mouth is half open, the lower jaw becomes elongated and sagging, and the upper incisors protrude significantly.

If you find one of the above signs in your child, contact an ENT doctor without delay. In case of detection of grade I adenoids without severe respiratory disorders, conservative treatment of adenoids is carried out - instillation of a 2% solution of protargol into the nose, taking vitamins C and D, calcium preparations.

The operation - adenotomy - is not needed by all children, and should be carried out according to strict indications. As a rule, surgical intervention is recommended with a significant proliferation of lymphoid tissue (adenoids II-III degree) or in case of serious complications - hearing loss, nasal breathing disorders, speech disorders, frequent colds, etc.

False diagnostics

The reason for the incorrect diagnosis can be both the overconfidence of the ENT doctor (a child entered the office, his mouth is open: “Ah, everything is clear, these are adenoids. Operation!”), And a lack of knowledge. The fact that the child does not breathe through the nose is not always the fault of the adenoids. The cause may be allergic and vasomotor rhinitis, deviated septum, even a tumor. Of course, an experienced doctor can determine the degree of the disease by pronunciation, voice timbre, nasal speech. But you can't rely on it.

A reliable picture of the disease can only be obtained after examining the child. The oldest method of diagnosis, which, however, is most often used in children's clinics, is a digital examination. They climb into the nasopharynx with their fingers and feel the tonsil. The procedure is very painful and subjective. One finger is like this, and the other is like this. One climbed in: "Yes, adenoids." And the other did not feel anything: "Well, what are you, there are no adenoids there." The child sits all in tears, and then he will not open his mouth to another doctor - it hurts. The method of posterior rhinoscopy is also unpleasant - “sticking” a mirror deep into the oral cavity (children have an urge to vomit). Again, the diagnosis is made mostly on the basis of an X-ray of the nasopharynx, which only allows us to determine the degree of enlargement of the adenoids and does not give an idea of ​​the nature of their inflammation and the relationship with neighboring important structures in the nasopharynx, which in no case can be damaged during surgery. This could have been done 30-40 years ago. Modern methods are painless and allow you to accurately determine the size of the adenoids and whether they need surgical treatment. It can be computed tomography or endoscopy. A tube (endoscope) connected to a video camera is inserted into the nasal cavity. As the tube moves deeper into the monitor, all the "secret" areas of the nose and nasopharynx are displayed.

The adenoids themselves can also be misleading. Common situation. When does a mother with a child come to the doctor? Usually a week after the illness: “Doctor, we don’t get out of the “hospital”! Every month we have conjunctivitis, then otitis media, then tonsillitis, then sinusitis. In the clinic they take a picture: the adenoids are enlarged. (What is natural during the inflammatory process!) They write: operation. And 2-3 weeks after the disease, if the child does not pick up a new infection, the adenoids return to normal. Therefore, if the clinic told you that the child has adenoids and they must be removed, consider consulting another doctor. The diagnosis may not be confirmed.

Another common mistake: if the adenoids are removed, the child will no longer get sick. It is not true. Indeed, an inflamed tonsil is a serious focus of infection. Therefore, neighboring organs and tissues are also at risk - microbes can easily move there. But you can not cut off the infection with a knife. It will still “come out” in another place: in the paranasal sinuses, in the ear, in the nose. Infection can be detected, identified, tested, drug susceptibility determined, and only then treated with a greater likelihood that the disease will be defeated. Adenoids are removed not because the child is sick. And only when they impede nasal breathing, lead to complications in the form of sinusitis, sinusitis, otitis media.

Surgery is often contraindicated for children with severe allergic diseases, especially bronchial asthma. Removal of the nasopharyngeal tonsil can lead to deterioration and exacerbation of the disease. Therefore, they are treated conservatively.

To remove or not to remove adenoids

Special medical literature describes that the presence of adenoids in a child is fraught with serious complications. Prolonged obstruction of natural breathing through the nose can lead to a delay in psychomotor development, to the incorrect formation of the facial skeleton. A persistent violation of nasal breathing contributes to a deterioration in the ventilation of the paranasal sinuses with the possible development of sinusitis. Hearing may be impaired. The child often complains of pain in the ear, the risk of developing a chronic inflammatory process and persistent hearing loss is increased. To top it off, frequent colds, which seem endless to parents, incline the doctor to drastic measures. The traditional method of treating children with adenoids is extremely simple - their removal, or adenotomy. More specifically, we are talking about the partial removal of an excessively enlarged pharyngeal tonsil. It is this enlarged tonsil, which is located in the nasopharynx at the exit from the nasal cavity, that is considered the cause of the child's problems.

Adenotomy, it can be said without exaggeration, is today the most common surgical operation in pediatric otorhinolaryngological practice. However, few people know that it was proposed back in the time of Emperor Nicholas I and has not changed at all until now. But the effectiveness of the treatment of adenoids in this way has even worsened somewhat due to the too wide distribution of various allergies in modern children. So really, since that distant time, nothing new has appeared in medical science? Appeared. A lot has changed. But, unfortunately, the approach to treatment has remained purely mechanistic - an increase in the organ, like one and a half hundred years ago, encourages doctors to remove it.

Try asking your doctor why this ill-fated tonsil has grown, which interferes with nasal breathing so much, causes so many problems and requires surgical treatment, and even with little or no anesthesia. I'm interested in what they answer. Firstly, a sensible answer to this question requires a lot of time, which a doctor does not have, and secondly, and this is very sad, information about the latest scientific developments has become practically inaccessible due to the enormous high cost. It so happened, and perhaps it is partly correct, that doctors and their patients are located, as they say, "on opposite sides of the counter." There is information for doctors, there is information for patients, in the end it turns out that doctors have their own truth, and patients have their own.

Treatment of adenoids

When the question arises about the need for adenotomy, it must be emphasized that the most acceptable approach here is the principle of "step by step". Adenotomy is not an urgent operation, it can always be postponed for some time in order to use this delay for more gentle treatment methods. For adenotomy, it is necessary, as they say, to "ripen" both the child, and the parents, and the doctor. It is possible to talk about the need for surgical treatment only when all non-surgical measures have been used, but there is no effect. In any case, it is also impossible to correct violations of the finest mechanisms of immune regulation with a knife, just as it is impossible to eliminate a software failure in a computer with a saw and an ax. With a knife, you can only try to prevent complications, so before you take it, you need to make sure that there is a tendency for their development.

It should be noted that adenotomy is very dangerous to perform at an early age. All scientific journals write that before the age of five, any surgical intervention on the tonsils is generally undesirable. It must be borne in mind that with age, the tonsils themselves decrease in volume. In a person's life there is a certain time period when the body is actively getting acquainted with the surrounding microflora, and the tonsils work to their fullest, they may increase slightly.

In the treatment of such patients, the most ancient medical principle, which establishes a hierarchy of therapeutic effects, is the best suited: the word, the plant, the knife. In other words, of paramount importance is a comfortable psychological atmosphere surrounding the child, a reasonable passage through various colds without loss of immunity, non-surgical treatments, and only at the very last stage adenotomy. This principle should be used for all diseases without exception, however, modern medicine, armed to the teeth with powerful means of influence, mainly thinks about how to reduce the duration of treatment, while creating more and more iatrogenic (the cause of which is the treatment process itself) diseases.

Among the various non-drug methods that are useful for correcting the child's immunodeficiency, which results in adenoids, practice shows the effectiveness of spa therapy, herbal medicine and homeopathic medicine. I would like to emphasize that these methods are effective only if the basic principles of passing through colds, which we talked about above, are observed. Moreover, the treatment carried out exclusively by professionals should be long-term with the observation of the child for at least six months. Even the most expensive herbal teas and homeopathic preparations in bright packages are not suitable here, because only an individual approach is required. Only surgery is the same for everyone.

By the way, about the operation, if it so happened that it is not possible to refuse it. The protective mechanisms of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract after surgical treatment are restored no earlier than after three to four months. So, conservative (non-surgical) treatment is still indispensable.

It happens that adenoids recur after surgery, that is, they grow again. Perhaps, in some cases, this is the result of some errors in the surgical technique, but in the vast majority of such situations, the surgical technique is not to blame. The recurrence of adenoids is the surest sign that they should not have been removed, but the existing pronounced immunodeficiency should have been eliminated. The point of view of many otorhinolaryngologists on this matter is interesting. They prove that recurrent adenoids should be treated conservatively, that is, without surgery. Then it is not clear why to operate on ordinary non-recurrent adenoids, which are easier to treat than recurrent ones. This is just one of the existing contradictions in medicine, from the multitude of which one must understand the following: health is a precious gift that is given to a person once and then only squandered and reduced over time. This should always be remembered when deciding on certain medical interventions in the child's body.

Treatment of adenoid growths

How to treat a child if surgery is not required yet?

Try washing your nose and nasopharynx - just a few washes are sometimes enough to bring the nasopharynx in order. Of course, a lot here depends on your skill and perseverance, and on the child - how he will endure this procedure. But try to negotiate with the child, explain why washing is done. Some mothers wash the noses of their children up to a year old (by the way, washing is useful both for a runny nose and as a prevention of colds). Children get used to this procedure and, it happens, they themselves ask to rinse their nose if they have difficulty with nasal breathing.

Washing the nose and nasopharynx. It is most convenient to do the procedure in the bathroom. With a syringe (rubber spray), you collect warm water or a decoction of herbs and inject the child into one nostril. The child should stand, bending over the bathtub or sink, while the mouth is open (so that the child does not choke when the wash water passes through the nose, nasopharynx and when it merges through the tongue). First, press the syringe lightly so that the water (or solution) does not flow too strongly. When the child gets used to the procedure a little and is not afraid, you can increase the pressure. Washing with an elastic jet is much more effective. The child during washing should not raise his head, and then the washing water will safely flow down the tongue. Then flush your nose through the other nostril. Of course, at first the child will not like this procedure, but you will notice how the nose clears up, how clots of mucus come out of it, and how easy it will be for the baby to breathe later.

There are no special recommendations regarding the amount of water used (solution, infusion, decoction). You can - three or four spray cans on each side, you can - more. You will see for yourself when the baby's nose clears up. Practice shows that 100-200 ml for one wash is enough.

For washing the nose, preference should be given to collections of medicinal herbs:

1. St. John's wort, heather grass, coltsfoot leaves, horsetail grass, calendula flowers - equally. 15 g of the collection pour 25 ml of boiling water, boil for 10 minutes, insist in heat for 2 hours. Strain. Drop 15-20 drops into the nose every 3-4 hours or use as a nasal rinse.

2. Leaves of fireweed, chamomile flowers, carrot seeds, plantain leaves, horsetail grass, serpentine mountaineer rhizome - equally (to prepare and apply, see above).

3. White rose petals, yarrow grass, flax seeds, licorice rhizome, wild strawberry leaves, birch leaves - equally (to prepare and apply, see above).

4. Sequence grass, clover flowers, duckweed grass, calamus rhizome, St.

In the absence of allergies, it is possible to take infusions of medicinal plants inside:

1. Althea root, watch leaves, St. John's wort grass, rose hips, coltsfoot leaves, fireweed grass - equally. 6 g of collection pour 250 ml of boiling water: insist in a thermos for 4 hours. Take 1/4 cup 4-5 times a day warm.

2. Birch leaves, elecampane rhizome, blackberry leaves, calendula flowers, chamomile flowers, yarrow flowers, succession grass - equally. 6 g of the collection pour 250 ml of boiling water, insist in a thermos for 2 hours. Take 1/4 cup 4-5 times a day warm.

3. Thyme grass, meadowsweet herbs, oat straw, rose hips, viburnum flowers, clover flowers, raspberry leaves - equally. 6 g of the collection pour 250 ml of boiling water, insist in a thermos for 2 hours. Take 1/4 cup 4-5 times a day warm.

If the doctor has prescribed any medicinal drops or ointment for your child, they work most effectively after washing the nose - since the nasal mucosa is clean and the medicine acts on it directly. Indeed, it will not do you any good to drop even the best medicine into a nose full of discharge; the medicine will either leak out of the nose, or the child will swallow it, and there will be no effect. Always thoroughly clean your nose before using medicinal drops and ointments: either by rinsing, or, if the child knows how, by blowing your nose (but the first is better, of course).

Some very naughty children (especially small ones) never get to rinse their nose. And no exhortations, no explanations work on them. For such children, you can try to rinse the nose using a different method, although not as effective.

The child should be put on his back and the same chamomile decoction should be instilled into the nose with a pipette. The decoction enters through the nose into the nasopharynx, and the child then swallows it. After such washing, you can try to clear the nose with suction using a rubber can.

To wash the nose and nasopharynx, you can use plain warm (body temperature) tap water. From the nose, nasopharynx, from the surface of the adenoids, crusts, dust, mucus with microbes contained in them are purely mechanically removed.

You can use sea water for washing (dry sea salt is sold in pharmacies; stir 1.5-2 teaspoons of salt in a glass of warm water, filter). It is good because, like any saline solution, it quickly relieves swelling; in addition, iodine compounds are present in sea water, which kill the infection. If your pharmacy does not have dry sea salt and if you live far from the sea, you can prepare a solution approximate to sea water (stir a teaspoon of table salt, a teaspoon of baking soda in a glass of warm water and add 1-2 drops of iodine). Can be used for washing and decoctions of herbs - for example, chamomile. You can alternate: chamomile, sage, St. John's wort, calendula, eucalyptus leaf. In addition to mechanically removing the infection from the nose and nasopharynx, the listed herbal remedies also have an anti-inflammatory effect.

Some doctors prescribe for children with enlarged adenoids to instill a 2% solution of protargol into the nose. Practice shows that there is no significant improvement in the child's condition from this (although everything is again individual), however, it has been noticed that protargol dries somewhat and slightly reduces the tissue of the adenoids. Of course, the best effect occurs when you instill protargol into a previously washed nose - the solution acts directly on the adenoids, and does not slip into the oropharynx along the mucous discharge.

To drip the medicine, the child must be placed on his back and even tilt his head back (this is easier when the child lies on the edge of the couch). In this position, instill 6-7 drops of protargol into the nose, and let the child lie down without changing position for several minutes - then you can be sure that the protargol solution is "located" just on the adenoids.

This procedure should be repeated (without skipping) twice a day: in the morning and in the evening (before going to bed) for fourteen days. Then a month - a break. And the course is repeated.

It is very important to know that protargol is an unstable silver compound that quickly loses its activity and breaks down on the fifth or sixth day. Therefore, it is necessary to use a solution of protargol exclusively freshly prepared.

It also happens that, according to the testimony of a doctor, an adenotomy will be prescribed - an operation to cut off the adenoids. The technique of this operation is more than a hundred years old. It is done both on an outpatient and inpatient basis, but in view of the fact that after the operation there is still a chance of bleeding from the wound surface, it is preferable to remove the adenoids in the hospital, where the operated person is under the supervision of experienced doctors for two to three days.

The operation is performed under local anesthesia with a special instrument called an adenotome. Adenotome is a steel loop on a long thin handle, one edge of the loop is sharp. After the operation, bed rest is observed for several days, body temperature is controlled. Only liquid and semi-liquid dishes are allowed to be eaten; nothing annoying - sharp, cold, hot; dishes only in the form of heat. A few days after adenotomy, complaints of sore throat may be made, but the pain gradually decreases, and soon disappears altogether.

However, there are various contraindications to adenotomy. These include - anomalies in the development of the soft and hard palate, cleft palate, the child's age (up to 2 years), blood diseases, suspected oncological diseases, acute infectious diseases, acute inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, bacillus carriers, a period of up to 1 month after prophylactic vaccination.

Along with the obvious advantages (the ability to perform on an outpatient basis, the short duration and relative technical simplicity of the operation), traditional adenotomy has a number of significant drawbacks. One of them is the lack of visual control during the operation. With a wide variety of the anatomical structure of the nasopharynx, performing a “blind” intervention does not allow the surgeon to completely remove the adenoid tissue.

Improving the quality and efficiency of the operation is facilitated by the development and implementation of modern techniques in pediatric otorhinolaryngology, such as aspiration adenotomy, endoscopic adenotomy, adenotomy using shaver technologies under general anesthesia.

Aspiration adenotomy is performed with a special adenotomy designed and introduced into otorhinolaryngological practice by B.I. Kerchev. Aspiration adenoid is a hollow tube with a shoe-shaped receiver for adenoids extended at the end. The other end of the adenotom is connected to the suction. With aspiration adenotomy, the possibility of aspiration (inhalation) of pieces of lymphoid tissue and blood into the lower respiratory tract is excluded, as well as damage to anatomical structures nearby in the nasopharynx.

Endoscopic adenotomy. Intervention to remove adenoids is performed under general anesthesia (narcosis) with artificial lung ventilation. A rigid endoscope with 70-degree optics is inserted into the oral part of the pharynx to the level of the curtain of the soft palate. The nasopharynx and posterior parts of the nose are examined. The size of adenoid vegetations, their localization, and the severity of inflammatory phenomena are assessed. Then, through the oral cavity into the nasopharynx, an adenoid or an aspiration adenoid is introduced. Under visual control, the surgeon removes the lymphadenoid tissue. After the bleeding stops, the surgical field is re-examined.

The use of a microdebrider (shaver) significantly improves the quality of adenotomy. The microdebrider consists of an electromechanical console and a handle with a working tip and a pedal connected to it, with the help of which the surgeon can set in motion and stop the rotation of the cutter, as well as change the direction and modes of its rotation. The tip of the microdebrider consists of a hollow fixed part and a blade rotating inside it. A suction hose is connected to one of the channels of the handle, and due to negative pressure, the tissue to be removed is sucked into the hole at the end of the working part, crushed by a rotating blade and aspirated into the suction reservoir. To remove adenoid tissue, the working tip of the shaver is inserted through one half of the nose to the nasopharynx. Under the control of an endoscope inserted through the opposite half of the nose or through the oral cavity, the adenoid tonsil is removed.

In the postoperative period, the child should observe a home regimen during the day, in the next 10 days physical activity should be limited (outdoor games, physical education), overheating should be excluded, food should be sparing (warm non-irritating food). With an uncomplicated course of the postoperative period, the child can attend kindergarten or school on the 5th day after the removal of the adenoids.

After surgery, many children continue to breathe through their mouths, although the obstruction to normal breathing has been removed. These patients need to be prescribed special breathing exercises that help strengthen the respiratory muscles, restore the correct mechanism of external respiration and eliminate the habit of breathing through the mouth. Breathing exercises are carried out under the supervision of a specialist in physiotherapy exercises or at home after appropriate consultation.

Prevention of adenoiditis and adenoid vegetations.

The surest way to prevent infection is to avoid infection. And its main source among children is a kindergarten. The mechanism is simple. A child comes to kindergarten for the first time. Until now, he had never been sick and talked with two children in the nearest sandbox. And in the garden there is a large company of peers: we lick toys and pencils, spoons, plates, linen - everything is in common. And there will always be one or two children whose snot hangs to the waist, whom their parents “thrown” into the garden, not because the child must develop, contact with children, but because they need to work. In less than two weeks, the newcomer fell ill, sniffled, coughed, and became feverish (up to 39.). The doctor from the clinic looked at the throat, wrote "SARS (ARVI)", prescribed an antibiotic that he likes. The fact that it will act on this particular infection, this is what my grandmother said in two - the microbes are now resistant. And in a situation where a child has an acute respiratory disease, it is not at all necessary to immediately “sculpt” him with an antibiotic. It is possible that his immune system, having first encountered an infection, will cope with it on its own. Nevertheless, the child is given an antibiotic. Mom spent seven days with the child - and to the doctor: “No temperature? So healthy!" Mom - to work, child - to the garden. That's just not recovering children in a week! This will take at least 10-14 days. And the child returned to the team, brought with him an untreated infection and gave it to everyone he could. And he picked up a new one. Against the background of a weakened by an antibiotic and a disease of immunity, this happens very often. Chronic inflammation occurs.

So - the main prevention - adequate and unhurried treatment of all children's colds.

Traditional medicine recipes for the treatment of adenoids:

Pour 15 g of dry crushed anise herb with 100 ml of alcohol and infuse in a dark place for 10 days, shaking the contents occasionally, then strain. For polyps in the nose, dilute the prepared tincture with cold boiled water in a ratio of 1: 3 and instill 10-15 drops 3 times a day until the adenoids completely disappear.

For polyps in the nasopharynx, dissolve 1 g of mummy in 5 tablespoons of boiled water. The mixture should be instilled into the nose several times a day. Simultaneously with this treatment, dissolve 0.2 g of Shilajit in 1 glass of water and drink in small sips throughout the day.

Squeeze the juice from the beets and mix it with honey (for 2 parts of beet juice 1 part of honey). Bury this mixture 5-6 drops in each nostril 4-5 times a day for a runny nose in a child caused by adenoids in the nasopharynx.

Regular washing of the nose and throat with salt water slows down the development of adenoids.

Every 3-5 minutes, instill 1 drop of celandine juice into each nostril 1-2 times a day. Only 3-5 drops. The course of treatment is 1-2 weeks.

Mix St. John's wort and unsalted butter in a ratio of 1:4 in a boiling water bath. Add 5 drops of celandine herb juice to each teaspoon of the mixture, mix thoroughly. Place 2 drops of the mixture in each nostril 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment is 7-10 days. If necessary, repeat the treatment after 2 weeks.

home remedies for adenoids

Instill thuja oil into the nose, 6-8 drops in each nostril at night. The course of treatment for adenoids is 2 weeks. After a week break, repeat the course.

Stir in 1 cup of boiled water 0.25 teaspoon of baking soda and 15-20 drops of a 10% alcohol solution of propolis. Rinse the nose with a solution 3-4 times a day, pouring 0.5 cups of a freshly prepared solution into each nostril for adenoids.

Herbs and fees for the treatment of adenoids

Pour 1 tablespoon of budra ivy grass with 1 glass of water, boil for 10 minutes over low heat. Inhale the vapors of the herb for 5 minutes 3-4 times a day with adenoids.

Pour 1 tablespoon of chopped walnut pericarp with 1 glass of water, bring to a boil and insist. Bury in the nose 6-8 drops 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment for adenoids is 20 days.

Pour 2 tablespoons of horsetail with 1 glass of water, boil for 7-8 minutes, leave for 2 hours. Rinse the nasopharynx 1-2 times a day for 7 days with adenoids.

Take 1 part of oregano herb and coltsfoot herb, 2 parts of succession herb. Pour 1 tablespoon of the collection with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 6-8 hours in a thermos, strain, add 1 drop of fir oil, rinse the nose and nasopharynx 1-2 times a day. The course of treatment for adenoids - 4 days. Health portal www.site

Take 10 parts of a blackcurrant leaf, crushed rose hips, chamomile flowers, 5 parts of calendula flowers, 2 parts of viburnum flowers. Pour 1 tablespoon of the collection with 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 6-8 hours in a thermos, strain, add 1 drop of fir oil and rinse your nose 1-2 times a day. The course of treatment for adenoids - 3 days.

Take 2 parts of oak bark and 1 part of St. John's wort and mint leaf. Pour 1 tablespoon of the collection with 1 glass of cold water, bring to a boil, boil for 3-5 minutes, leave for 1 hour, strain, rinse the nasopharynx 1-2 times a day for adenoids.

For the prevention of adenoids and polyps, make an ointment from St. Bury 3-4 times a day, 2 drops in each nostril for adenoids.

Vanga's recipes for adenoids

Grind dried hellebore roots into powder. Prepare the dough from flour and water and stretch it into a long ribbon. The width of this tape should be such that it can be wrapped around the throat of the patient. Then it is good to sprinkle a ribbon of dough with crushed powder from medicinal herbs and wrap it around the neck of the patient so that the tonsils are certainly covered. Put a bandage or cotton cloth on top. For children, the duration of this compress should not exceed half an hour, and adults can leave it all night. Repeat if necessary. At the same time, for small children, the duration of the compress is from half an hour to an hour, for large children - 2-3 hours, and adults can leave the compress all night.

5 tablespoons of water, 1 g of mummy. Buried in the nose 3-4 times a day.

Make a compress from a soft dough, sprinkle it with chopped ragwort herb stalks, put it around your neck. Repeat the procedure 1-2 times for half an hour.

Adenoids, or adenoid vegetations, are proliferation of the tissue of the nasopharyngeal tonsil. It is located deep in the nasopharynx. Unlike palatine tonsils, it is not possible to see it without a special instrument of an ENT doctor. In humans, it is well developed in childhood. As the child's body grows older, the amygdala becomes smaller, so adenoids are extremely rare in adults.

Functions of the pharyngeal tonsil

The nasopharyngeal tonsil, like the rest of the tonsils, is part of the human immune system. Their main function is protective. It is the tonsils that are the first to stand in the way of bacteria and viruses that enter the body and destroy them. Adenoids are located directly at the respiratory tract in order to quickly respond to the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. During the penetration of the infection, the pharyngeal tonsil begins to intensively produce immune cells to fight the external enemy, increasing in size. For children, this is the norm. When the inflammatory process "fades to naught", the nasopharyngeal tonsil returns to its original size.

If the child is often sick, the adenoids are constantly inflamed. The tonsil does not have time to decrease, which leads to an even greater growth of adenoid vegetations. The situation comes to the point that they completely block the nasopharynx, full breathing through the nose becomes impossible.

Causes of adenoids

The following can lead to the expansion of adenoid vegetations:

• heredity;
• persistent colds;
• "Children's" diseases affecting the nasal cavity and pharynx: scarlet fever, measles, rubella;
• weak immunity;
• non-compliance with the norms of ventilation, humidity in the room, dust;
• allergic manifestations;
• unfavorable ecology (exhausts, emissions).

Constantly attacked by viruses, the baby's body, combined with undeveloped immunity, leads to hypertrophy of the nasopharyngeal tonsil, as a result of which there is a complex violation of the process of nasal breathing, mucus in the nose stagnates. Pathogenic microorganisms penetrating from outside “stick” to this mucus, and adenoid vegetations themselves turn into a focus of infection. From here, bacteria and viruses can spread to other organs.

Classification of adenoids

Adenoids I degree: the initial stage, characterized by a small size of the vegetation. At this stage, the upper part of the vomer (the posterior part of the nasal septum) is closed. The child is uncomfortable only at night, when breathing becomes difficult during sleep.

In children with adenoids of the II degree of vegetation, more than half of the vomer is closed. They are medium in size. Distinctive features of this stage: the child constantly snores at night, and breathes with an open mouth during the day.

At stage III, the growths reach their maximum size: they occupy most of the gap between the tongue and palate. Breathing through the nose becomes impossible. Children with grade III inflamed adenoids breathe exclusively through their mouths.

Symptoms and treatment of adenoids in children

• difficult or impossible breathing through the nose;
• the child breathes through the mouth;
• adenoids in young children (babies) cause problems with the sucking process (the baby does not eat enough, is naughty and gains weight poorly);
• anemia;
• problems with smelling and swallowing;
• sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the throat;
• the child speaks softly;
• nasality in the voice;
• snoring during sleep, sleep disorder;
• recurring otitis media, chronic runny nose;
• hearing problems;
• complaints of headaches in the morning;
• overweight, excessive activity, poor school performance.

A child with a chronic disease (in addition to the classic symptoms) is distinguished by slightly bulging eyes, a protruding jaw, malocclusion (the upper incisors protrude forward), a half-open mouth, and a deviated nasal septum. Pay more attention to how the child looks.

If you notice several of the above signs in a child, this is a reason to contact an otolaryngologist to diagnose the problem and choose an effective treatment method with an integrated approach to solving the problem.

Adenoiditis

Do not confuse adenoid vegetations with adenoiditis. Adenoids are an overgrowth of the nasopharyngeal tonsil that interferes with normal breathing. Adenoiditis is an inflammation in the tonsil itself, similar in appearance to the symptoms of a cold. These are two different problems, respectively, and approaches to therapy are also different. It is impossible to cure adenoids (tonsil hypertrophy), that is, to remove excess tissue in the nasopharynx, without surgical intervention. Adenoiditis, on the contrary, is treated with conservative methods: puffiness is removed, inflammation disappears, symptoms disappear.

Adenoiditis is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• increase in body temperature;
• the nose is constantly stuffy, the vasoconstrictor drops used are not effective;
• nasal voice;
• breathing through the mouth;
• sore throat;
• loss of appetite;
• cough.

Why are adenoids dangerous?

The expansion of adenoid vegetations can lead to hearing problems up to its loss. The human hearing aid has several sections. In the middle section there is an auditory tube, it is also the Eustachian, which is responsible for the regulation of external pressure (atmospheric) with pressure in the nasopharynx. The pharyngeal tonsil, increasing in size, blocks the mouth of the Eustachian tube, air cannot circulate freely between the nasal cavity and the ear. As a result, the eardrum becomes less mobile, and this negatively affects the ability to hear. In severe cases, these complications are not treatable.

Friends! Timely and proper treatment will ensure you a speedy recovery!

When normal air circulation is not possible, an infection develops in the ear and inflammation (otitis media) occurs.

Constant breathing through the mouth leads, as mentioned earlier, to deformation of the facial skeleton, as well as a decrease in oxygen saturation of the brain: the child quickly gets tired and cannot withstand the school load, and performance decreases sharply.

The constant concentration of infection in the nasopharyngeal tonsil leads to general intoxication of the body and the spread of viruses to other organs. The kid is exposed to frequent bronchitis, laryngitis and pharyngitis.

Unpleasant consequences also include problems with the gastrointestinal tract, urinary incontinence at night, coughing.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis is carried out in an ENT room under the guidance of an otorhinolaryngologist. The doctor conducts a general examination of the patient and interrogates the parents for complaints and the appearance of pronounced symptoms.

Additionally, the following types of examinations are used with the help of:

• pharyngoscopy - examination of the oropharynx;
• rhinoscopy - examination of the nasal cavity;
• x-ray;
• nasopharyngeal endoscopy is the most informative method that provides a complete picture (the results of the study can be recorded on a digital medium).

Effective methods of treatment of adenoids in children

There are two ways to treat children - surgical and conservative. Methods of treatment are prescribed only by an ENT doctor, based on the stage of growth of vegetation and the condition of the child.

To treat adenoids with a conservative method means to use drugs in combination with physiotherapy. An integrated approach is the key to the effectiveness of the treatment of adenoids. The doctor prescribes vasoconstrictor drops and antimicrobials.

It is recommended to wash the nose with a solution of furacilin, protargol, rhinosept and other drugs. It is not forbidden to treat adenoids in children with folk remedies: decoctions of chamomile, oak bark, St. John's wort, succession, horsetail, etc. are perfect for washing.)

In parallel, it is worth taking antihistamines and vitamin complexes. Children with overgrown adenoid vegetations are recommended to visit our Black Sea resorts.

Surgery

In special situations, an otorhinolaryngologist may prescribe an adenotomy - an operation to remove vegetations. There are a number of indications for adenotomy:

• when it is not possible to effectively treat a child with conservative methods;
• the inability to fully breathe through the nose leads to frequent diseases: tonsillitis, pharyngitis, etc.
• recurring inflammation in the ears;
• the child snores, breathing stops during sleep (apnea).

Intervention is contraindicated in blood diseases, during an exacerbation of infectious diseases and in children under two years of age.

Before adenotomy, inflammation must be removed by curing adenoid vegetations. The operation itself lasts only 15-20 minutes and takes place under local anesthesia. During the manipulation, the patient is located in a chair, with his head thrown back a little, and the ENT doctor, using a special tool - an adenotome, captures the vegetation tissue and cuts it off with a sharp movement of his hand. There may be some bleeding after the procedure. If the operation was successful and there were no complications, the patient is allowed to go home.

An alternative to standard surgery, a more modern intervention, is endoscopic adenotomy. It is done with an endoscope. This method significantly increases the percentage of operations performed without complications.

After the intervention, you need to observe bed rest for a day and limit yourself in physical activity and activity for a couple of weeks. You should reduce the time spent in the sun, hot baths are contraindicated. The otorhinolaryngologist will advise a course of breathing exercises, which will certainly help the patient recover and return to a normal lifestyle.

Prevention

Preventive methods to prevent the appearance of adenoids include:

• hardening;
• strengthening immunity;
• taking vitamins;
• proper nutrition;
• timely treatment of infectious and colds;
• nasal hygiene;
• timely visit to the doctor at the first symptoms of the disease.

What are adenoids? These are two tonsils, consisting of lymphoid tissue (as well as lymph nodes). Together with the palatine tonsils (tonsils), as well as the lingual and laryngeal tonsils, the adenoids form a lymphoepithelial ring, a closed line of defense against infection.

In 1.5-2-year-old children with adenoids, as a rule, there are no problems. They begin to grow and reach a maximum at 3 - 7 years, when the child goes to kindergarten or school, encounters a large number of new viruses and often gets sick. And during an illness, the lymphoid tissue that makes up the tonsils increases in order to more effectively play the role of a protective barrier against the spread of infection.

If a child, not having time to recover, picks up a new infection, the adenoids are constantly in an inflamed state, grow strongly and are themselves a chronic focus of infection. Growing and gradually descending, the adenoids block the posterior nasal openings, making it difficult to breathe.

Consequences of rapid growth

Doctors distinguish three degrees of growth.

• 1st degree- when the adenoids cover a third of the space of the nasopharynx. During the day, the child breathes freely, but during sleep, when the volume of the tonsils increases (due to the influx of venous blood in a horizontal position) and it becomes more difficult to breathe, the baby often sleeps with his mouth open. Do not neglect this symptom, be sure to show the child to an otolaryngologist.
• 2nd degree- when two thirds of the nasopharynx are closed.
• 3rd degree- when the nasopharynx is completely closed by adenoids.

With adenoids of the 2nd or 3rd degree, children often sniffle, snore, and even, as if choking, cough in their sleep. They have to breathe through their mouths around the clock.

What other symptoms indicate an enlarged tonsil?

This is a periodic or constant runny nose, frequent colds, such as rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis, tonsillitis, SARS and others. Otitis media and hearing loss.

Changes in the child's behavior: due to the constant lack of oxygen, the child does not sleep well, is naughty, develops worse, often complains of headaches.

Change in appearance: pale, puffy face, with little meaningful, apathetic expression; the eyes are slightly protruding, the mouth is open, the nasolabial folds are smoothed, the lips are dry, chapped. Over time, the growth of the bones of the facial skeleton may be disrupted: the alveolar process of the upper jaw suffers the most, it becomes narrow and elongated, the incisors stick out at random and protrude forward, like in a rabbit. The sky is getting high and narrow. All this has a bad effect on the formation of speech.

If they are inflamed

With inflammation of the adenoids, body temperature can rise to 39 ° C and above, unpleasant burning sensations appear in the nasopharynx, stuffy nose, and sometimes pain in the ears appears. The disease lasts 3-5 days and is often complicated by diseases of the ears. Very often, especially against the background of recurring SARS, acute adenoiditis becomes chronic. The child has signs of chronic intoxication: fatigue, headache, poor sleep, loss of appetite, a slightly elevated temperature persists for a long time (37.2-37.4 ° C), submandibular, cervical and occipital lymph nodes increase.

At night, such children cough heavily, as the mucopurulent discharge from the nasopharynx enters their respiratory tract.

Chronic inflammation is an excellent background for changes in the composition of the blood, the onset of allergies, kidney disease, inflammation and proliferation of tonsils, and even purulent conjunctivitis.

Let's get treated!

Phytotherapy: inflammation and swelling of the mucous membrane of the nasopharynx will decrease, and the air will become easier to pass through the nose, if 3-4 times a day for one to two weeks you breathe over the steam of the ivy-shaped broth. Pour 15 g of herb with a glass of cold water for 1-2 hours, then simmer for 30 minutes over low heat, stirring constantly. Prepare the decoction daily.

With recurrent adenoiditis for 1-2 weeks, 3 times a day, a baby of 5-6 years old can wash the nasopharynx with a special solution, provided that he does not swallow it, but spit it out - follow this! Dissolve in a glass of warm boiled water 0.25 teaspoon of baking soda and 20 drops of a 10% alcohol solution of propolis.

Fortifying agents: vitamins, homeopathy, ultraviolet irradiation (you can buy a quantum therapy device).

Washing. It must be carried out on special equipment. Independent attempts to wash the child's nose with the help of a yoga technique can result in acute otitis media!

But drops, rinses and other conservative treatment help in the beginning, when breathing is difficult only in sleep. In more complex cases, the doctor may suggest surgery - removal of the adenoids.

The longer the operation is delayed, the higher the risk of a child developing neurosis, seizures, asthma, obsessive coughing, a tendency to spasms of the glottis, and bedwetting.

True, in some children the adenoids undergo reverse development, but this only happens in adolescence (by the age of 12) - you can’t always wait that long!

Adenoids are found mainly in children from 3 to 12 years old and cause a lot of discomfort and trouble for both the kids themselves and their parents, and therefore require urgent treatment. Often the course of the disease is complicated, after which adenoiditis occurs - inflammation of the adenoids.

Adenoids in children can occur in early preschool age and persist for several years. In high school, they usually decrease in size and gradually atrophy.

In adults, adenoids do not occur: the symptoms of the disease are characteristic only for childhood. Even if you had this disease in childhood, it does not return in adulthood.

Reasons for the development of adenoids in children

What it is? Adenoids in the nose in children are nothing more than an overgrowth of the tissue of the pharyngeal tonsil. This is an anatomical formation that is normally part of the immune system. The nasopharyngeal tonsil holds the first line of defense against various microorganisms seeking to enter the body with inhaled air.

With illness, the amygdala enlarges, and when the inflammation passes, it returns to normal. In the event that the time between diseases is too short (say, a week or even less), the growths do not have time to decrease. Thus, being in a state of constant inflammation, they grow even more and sometimes "swell" to such an extent that they block the entire nasopharynx.

Pathology is most typical for children aged 3-7 years. Rarely diagnosed in children under one year old. The overgrown adenoid tissue often undergoes reverse development, therefore, adenoid vegetations practically do not occur in adolescence and adulthood. Despite this feature, the problem cannot be ignored, since an overgrown and inflamed tonsil is a constant source of infection.

The development of adenoids in children is facilitated by frequent acute and chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract:,. The starting factor for the growth of adenoids in children can be infections - influenza, etc. A syphilitic infection (congenital syphilis) can play a certain role in the growth of adenoids in children. Adenoids in children can occur as an isolated pathology of lymphoid tissue, but much more often they are combined with tonsillitis.

Among other reasons leading to the appearance of adenoids in children, there is an increased allergization of the child's body, hypovitaminosis, nutritional factors, fungal invasions, unfavorable social conditions, etc.

Symptoms of adenoids in the nose of a child

In the normal state, adenoids in children do not have symptoms that interfere with normal life - the child simply does not notice them. But as a result of frequent colds and viral diseases, the adenoids, as a rule, increase. This happens because, in order to fulfill its immediate function of holding and destroying microbes and viruses, the adenoids are strengthened through growth. Inflammation of the tonsils is the process of destroying pathogenic microbes, which is the reason for the increase in glands in size.

The main signs of adenoids the following can be named:

• frequent prolonged runny nose, which is difficult to treat;
• difficulty in nasal breathing even in the absence of a runny nose;
• persistent mucous discharge from the nose, which leads to irritation of the skin around the nose and on the upper lip;
• breaths with an open mouth, while the lower jaw sags, the nasolabial folds are smoothed out, the face acquires an indifferent expression;
• poor, restless sleep;
• snoring and sniffling in a dream, sometimes - holding the breath;
• lethargic, apathetic state, decrease in academic performance and working capacity, attention and memory;
• attacks of nocturnal suffocation, characteristic of adenoids of the second or third degree;
• persistent dry cough in the morning;
• involuntary movements: nervous tic and blinking;
• voice loses sonority, becomes dull, hoarse; lethargy, apathy;
• complaints of headache, which occurs due to a lack of oxygen supply to the brain;
• hearing loss - the child often asks again.

Modern otolaryngology divides adenoids into three degrees:

• 1 degree: adenoids in a child are small. At the same time, during the day the child breathes freely, difficulty in breathing is felt at night, in a horizontal position. The child often sleeps with his mouth open.
• Grade 2: adenoids in a child are significantly enlarged. The child is forced to breathe through the mouth all the time, and snores quite loudly at night.
• Grade 3: adenoids in a child completely or almost completely cover the nasopharynx. The child does not sleep well at night. Not being able to restore his strength during sleep, during the day he easily gets tired, attention is scattered. He has a headache. He is forced to constantly keep his mouth open, as a result of which facial features change. The nasal cavity ceases to be ventilated, a chronic runny nose develops. The voice becomes nasal, speech becomes slurred.

Unfortunately, parents often pay attention to deviations in the development of adenoids only at stages 2-3, when difficult or absent nasal breathing is pronounced.

Adenoids in children: photo

How adenoids look in children, we offer detailed photos for viewing.

Treatment of adenoids in children

In the case of adenoids in children, there are two types of treatment - surgical and conservative. Whenever possible, doctors tend to avoid surgery. But in some cases, you can't do without it.

Conservative treatment of adenoids in children without surgery is the most correct, priority direction in the treatment of pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy. Before agreeing to the operation, parents should use all available methods of treatment to avoid adenotomy.

If the ENT insists on surgical removal of the adenoids, take your time, this is not an urgent operation, when there is no time for reflection and additional observation and diagnosis. Wait, watch the child, listen to the opinion of other specialists, make a diagnosis after a few months and try all conservative methods.

Now, if drug treatment does not give the desired effect, and the child has a constant chronic inflammatory process in the nasopharynx, then for advice, you should contact the operating doctors, those who do the adenotomy themselves.

Adenoids of the 3rd degree in children - to remove or not?

When choosing - adenotomy or conservative treatment, one cannot rely solely on the degree of growth of the adenoids. With 1-2 degrees of adenoids, most believe that it is not necessary to remove them, and with 3 degrees, an operation is simply mandatory. This is not entirely true, it all depends on the quality of the diagnosis, there are often cases of false diagnosis, when the examination is performed against the background of an illness or after a recent cold, the child is diagnosed with grade 3 and the adenoids are advised to be removed promptly.

A month later, the adenoids noticeably decrease in size, as they were enlarged due to the inflammatory process, while the child breathes normally and does not get sick too often. And there are cases, on the contrary, with 1-2 degrees of adenoids, the child suffers from constant acute respiratory viral infections, recurrent otitis media, sleep apnea occurs - even 1-2 degrees can be an indication for the removal of adenoids.

Also, the famous pediatrician Komarovsky will tell about grade 3 adenoids:

Conservative therapy

Complex conservative therapy is used for moderate uncomplicated enlargement of the tonsils and includes drug treatment, physiotherapy, and breathing exercises.

The following drugs are usually prescribed:

1. Antiallergic (antihistamine)- tavegil, suprastin. Used to reduce the manifestations of allergies, they eliminate the swelling of the tissues of the nasopharynx, pain and the amount of discharge.
2. Antiseptics for local use- collargol, protargol. These preparations contain silver and destroy pathogenic microflora.
3. Homeopathy is the safest of the known methods, which goes well with traditional treatment (however, the effectiveness of the method is very individual - it helps someone well, someone weakly).
4. Washing. The procedure removes pus from the surface of the adenoids. It is performed only by a doctor using the “cuckoo” method (by introducing a solution into one nostril and sucking it out of the other with a vacuum) or by a nasopharyngeal shower. If you decide to do washing at home, drive the pus even deeper.
5. Physiotherapy. Quartzization of the nose and throat, as well as laser therapy with a light guide into the nasopharynx through the nose, are effective.
6. Climatotherapy - treatment in specialized sanatoriums not only inhibits the growth of lymphoid tissue, but also has a positive effect on the child's body as a whole.
7. Multivitamins to strengthen the immune system.

From physiotherapy, heating, ultrasound, ultraviolet are used.

Removal of adenoids in children

Adenotomy is the removal of the pharyngeal tonsils by surgery. The attending physician will best tell you how adenoids are removed in children. In a nutshell, the pharyngeal tonsil is grasped and cut off with a special instrument. This is done in one motion and the whole operation takes no more than 15 minutes.

An undesirable way to treat the disease for two reasons:

• Firstly, adenoids grow rapidly and, if there is a predisposition to this disease, they will become inflamed again and again, and any operation, even as simple as adenotomy, is stressful for children and parents.
• Secondly, the pharyngeal tonsils perform a barrier-protective function, which, as a result of the removal of adenoids, is lost for the body.

In addition, in order to carry out an adenotomy (that is, the removal of adenoids), it is necessary to have indications. These include:

• frequent recurrence of the disease (more than four times a year);
• recognized ineffectiveness of ongoing conservative treatment;
• the appearance of respiratory arrest during sleep;
• the appearance of various complications (, glomerulonephritis,);
• nasal breathing disorders;
• very frequent recurring;
• very frequent recurring SARS.

It should be understood that the operation is a kind of undermining the immune system of a small patient. Therefore, for a long time after the intervention, it must be protected from inflammatory diseases. The postoperative period is necessarily accompanied by drug therapy - otherwise there is a risk of tissue re-growth.

Contraindications to adenotomy are some blood diseases, as well as skin and infectious diseases in the acute period.