How to determine the case of a noun genitive or accusative. The difference between the genitive and the accusative

In Russian everything six independent cases, and decline (change in cases) nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. But schoolchildren often have difficulties in determining the case. Students are not always able to correctly put the question to the word, and this leads to errors. Particular difficulties arise when the word in different cases has the same form.

There are several tricks that will help you accurately determine the case of a word.

1. Statement of the question.

Let us note that the question should be case, not semantic. For questions where? where? when? why? it is not possible to determine the fall.

Both applicants(who? – R. p.).

What happened in 1812?(in what? – P. p.).

After the concert five(I. p.) spectators(whom? – R. p.) stayed in the hall(in what? – P. p.).

In ten minutes(through what? – V. p.) he (I. p.) returned.

She is happy with the new car(how? – T. p.).

2. Exist auxiliary words, which can help in determining the case:

To distinguish between homonymous case forms, the following techniques are used.

3. Replacing the singular with the plural.

To go on the road(ending -e both in D. p., and in P. p.).

Walk the roads(why? – D. p., in P. p. – about roads).

4. Replacing the masculine gender with the feminine.

met a friend(ending -a both in R. p., and in V. p.).

Met a girlfriend(whom? – V. p., in R. p. – girlfriends).

5. Magic word mom.

Particular difficulties arise when distinguishing between the forms of accusative and genitive, accusative and nominative cases. Help, as always, will come "mother". It is this word that can be substituted in a sentence. Framed, look at the end: mom BUT – nominative, mom S – Genitive; mom At – accusative.

Die yourself, and comrade(ending -a both in R. p., and in V. p.) help out.

Die yourself, but mom(V. p.) help out.

6. Knowing the characteristic prepositions also helps to determine the case.

As you can see, there are prepositions that are characteristic of only one case: without– for the genitive (no hitch); by, to – for the dative case (through the forest, towards the house), oh, oh, at – for prepositional case (about three heads, with you).

Recall that the case of an adjective is determined by the case of the word being defined. In order to determine the case of an adjective, it is necessary to find in the sentence the noun to which it refers, because the adjective is always in the same case as the word being defined.

I'm happy with my new coat. Adjective new refers to a noun coat in T. p., therefore, new – T. p.

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How to distinguish the accusative case from the genitive and nominative?

Perhaps the most interesting of all the cases of the Russian language is the accusative. Because all the rest answer themselves calmly to their questions and do not cause difficulties. With the accusative case, everything is different. It can be very easily confused with nominative or genitive. After all The accusative case answers the questions “Whom? What?" The accusative case denotes the object of the action. A noun, being in the accusative case, experiences the action of another noun, which in this sentence is a predicate. Everything becomes clear on the example: "I love my brother." The noun "brother" will be in the accusative case. And he will experience a feeling of love from the pronoun “I”. What you should pay attention to when determining the case, so as not to confuse it with the nominative, is the endings. Below is a table:

To distinguish the accusative from the genitive, we will use auxiliary words and questions. For the genitive - there is no (whom, what), for the accusative - I see (whom, what). As you can see, there are different questions for animate and inanimate objects. Let's play on this.

Consider an example:

"Grandma is not at home." Let's substitute an inanimate object - "there are no keys to the house." No one, what? Grandma, keys. Genitive.

"I don't see a plate on the table." Let's substitute an animated object - "I don't see my brother on the table." I don’t see anyone - my brother, I don’t see what - a plate. Whom, what - accusative case.

Features of the accusative case.

The accusative case is used with such prepositions as "In, for, about, on, through." Difficulties can still arise with the accusative case when temporary concepts are indicated in sentences. Let's give an example "All night to rewrite the abstract." The nouns "night" and "abstract" are in this sentence in the accusative case. With such proposals, you need to be extremely careful. Along with the confusion of accusative and nominative, it can also be confused with the genitive. Let's give an example: "Wait for mother" and "Wait for a message." In the first case, the case will be genitive, and in the second - accusative. There is a difference due to the declination of animate and inanimate objects, as we have already written above.

Instruction

In order to determine case names, it is necessary, first of all, to raise a question to . Nominative words case y, to the questions WHO? WHAT? If you asked WHO? or WHAT ?, then before you is a noun used in the form of an accusative case a.

Determine what the noun is. If the word is the subject, i.e. the main member of the sentence, then it is used in the form of a nominative case a. Accusative case om denotes a word that is a secondary member in a sentence, a direct object. For example, invite the children to identify case in this offer.
The girl writes. Ask them to put questions, determine which member of the sentence they are. They should come up with the following result. The word "girl" answers the question WHO ?, is the subject, which means it is used in the nominative case e. And the word "letter" is a minor member of the sentence, a direct object. It answers the question WHAT? and hence is used in the accusative case e.

Draw the attention of schoolchildren to the circumstance whether a noun is used with or without it. Words in the nominative case are used without prepositions. In the accusative - they have the prepositions ON, FOR, THROUGH, IN, etc.

It is also worth while defining case and compare endings in . So, in the names of nouns of the first declension there will be endings A, Z, if they are in the nominative form case a. Accordingly, in the accusative case e - U, Yu. For example, in the noun of the first declension "wall" the ending is A. It is used in the nominative case e. The word "wall" U. So he has an accusative case.

The case indicates the role of the word in the sentence. You can use the helper phrase WHO DOES WHAT to distinguish between nominative and accusative case her.

“Ivan gave birth to a girl and ordered to drag a diaper” - the first letters of this literary absurdity orderly announce the list of cases. There are six types of cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. Each of them speaks of the temporary state of a particular noun, which can change in case form. It is not difficult to determine the type of case of a noun, you just need to figure out which question each of the cases answers.

Instruction

case nominative- the initial, real sound of the word. Answers the questions "who?" or "what?". If it is inanimate, for example: a window, a house, a book, a bus, then it answers the question “what?”, And if it is animate, for example, a girl, an elephant, mom, Rita, then, accordingly, it answers the question “who?”. This distribution according to the liveliness of the subject will concern everyone, which is why each case has two questions. Example 1. A person (who?) is an animate noun in the case, a car (what?) is an inanimate noun in the nominative case.

Genitive case, from the word "give birth to whom?" or "what?". As funny as it may sound, this is how the question should be asked. A number of questions coincide, therefore, some words will sound the same, the main thing is to put the correct case question. Example 2. A person (whom?) Is an animate noun in the genitive case, a car (what?) Is an inanimate noun in the genitive case.

Accusative case, answers the question: “blame whom?” or "what?". In this example, an inanimate noun matches, so the case is determined logically, by meaning. Example 4. A person (whom?) Is an animate noun in the accusative case, a car (what?) Is an inanimate noun in the accusative case. But if, according to the meaning: I bought a car (genitive case), and crashed the car (accusative case).

The instrumental case sounds like: “to create by whom?” or "what?". Example 5. A person (by whom?) is an animate noun in the instrumental case, a machine (what?) is an inanimate noun in the instrumental case.

Prepositional case - posing a question that is not consonant with its name: “talk about whom?” or "about what?". It is easy to define a word in this case, since a noun in this case always has . Example 6. About a person (about whom?) - an animate noun in the prepositional case, about a car (about what?) - an inanimate noun in the prepositional case.

Related videos

Useful advice

Even if a case question does not match the meaning of a given sentence, it should still be asked to determine the case of a noun.

Related article

Sources:

• School experience
• cases example words

Tip 3: How to distinguish the genitive case of a noun from an accusative

Cases Russian language is a category of a word that shows its syntactic role in a sentence. Schoolchildren memorize the names of cases and their signs, that is, questions, but sometimes difficulties arise. For example, when you need to distinguish the genitive from the accusative.

You will need

• Knowledge of the Russian language according to the school curriculum, nouns in the accusative and genitive cases,

Instruction

Six are distinguished: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. Auxiliary words and questions are used to determine the case. The spelling of the end of the word depends on this. Very often they confuse genitive (no: whom? what?) and accusative (blame: whom? what?), since the same questions are asked for animated objects: "whom?".

Ask a question. When in doubt, ask a qualifying question to the noun: "no what?" (for the genitive) and "see what?" (for accusative). If the word takes the form of the nominative case, then in this case it is accusative. For example: a small fish (accusative: I see what? a fish, you can’t say: there’s nothing? a fish).

If you need to determine the case in order to arrange endings, substitute the word "cat" or any other word for the noun, but be sure to use the first one. Determine the case depending on the ending. For example: pride in a teacher is an accusative case, because, substituting the word "cat" for a noun, we get: pride in a cat. The ending "y" indicates the accusative case. The ending "and" is genitive.

Analyze the relationship of words in . Genitive, as a rule, the ratio of part and whole (a glass of milk), belonging to something (sister's jacket), it is used in comparison (more beautiful than the queen). The accusative is used to convey spatio-temporal relations (work a week), the transition from action to an object (drive a car).

Use the same methods for indeclinables. For example: put on a coat (put on a cat - accusative case), do without coffee (do without a cat - genitive).

note

The accusative case denotes the complete coverage of the object by the action, a certain amount (drink milk), and the genitive case denotes the extension of the action to a part of the object (drink milk).

Useful advice

An inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change, unlike the same noun in the genitive case: I saw a house (accusative), there were no houses in the area (genitive)

Sources:

• Page dedicated to the grammatical characteristics of the noun

Unlike the Finnish and Hungarian languages, in which there are one and a half to two dozen cases, in Russian grammar there are only six of them. The endings of words in different cases can be the same, so to determine the case, you must ask the correct question to the word being checked.

Instruction

To determine the case of a noun, carefully read the phrase in which it is included. Find the word to which the noun you are checking belongs - it is from this the words you will ask a question. For example, you are given the phrase "I love dogs", and you need to determine the case of the noun "dogs". The word "dogs" in this sentence is subordinate to the word "love". Therefore, you will ask a case question as follows: “I love whom?”

Each of the six cases has its own special question. So, in the nominative case, they answer the question "who?" or "what?". The auxiliary word "is" can be substituted for this case. For example, there is (who?) . The question of the genitive case is “whom?” or "what?". The auxiliary word "no" can be substituted for the noun in this case. Dative to the question "to whom? / what?" and is combined with the auxiliary word "give". The question of the accusative case - "whom?" or “what?”, and its auxiliary word is “blame”. Nouns in the instrumental case answer the question "by whom?" and are combined with the words "created" and "satisfied." Finally, the following questions: “about whom? / about what?”, “in whom? / in what?”. One of the auxiliary words of this case is the word "I think".

To determine the case, first you need to find the noun or pronoun to which it refers. Having determined the case of this main word, you will also recognize the case of the adjective, since they always agree in gender, number and case with those nouns () on which they depend. For example, “Kolya ate a big pear” The noun “pear” is used in the accusative case, so the case of the adjective “big” related to it is also accusative.

A noun is a part of speech that refers to a person or thing and answers the questions “who?” and what?". Nouns change according to cases, of which there are six in Russian. To prevent cases from being confused with each other, there is a strict system of rules and differences between them. In order to be able to correctly and quickly determine the accusative case, you need to know its questions, and what it is used for.

Instruction

In order to never make a mistake with the case of a noun, remember that each of them has unique questions defined for it, asking which you will get the corresponding one. Questions of the accusative case are the question “I see whom?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns.

In addition, learn the definitions of the accusative case of the Russian language, or rather, the cases when it is used. So, the accusative case denotes the transfer of temporal and spatial relationships (a week, a kilometer walk); the transition of the action completely to the subject (driving a car, leafing through a book). Very rarely accusative as a dependence on (offensive for a friend).

However, even by rules or endings, it is sometimes very difficult to determine the case, so always use special questions. In terms of questions, the accusative case partially coincides with the genitive and nominative. In order not to confuse them, do the following: if in front of you, and it answers the question “who?”, Which is the same as, substitute instead

How to distinguish the accusative from the genitive.

Genitive.

According to the definitions, the genitive case means:

Belonging to someone or something, for example, "a fox skin", "teacher's journal";

If there is a relationship between the whole and its part, for example, “magazine page (R.p.)”;

Displaying an attribute of an object in relation to another object, for example, “survey results (R.p.)”;

The object of influence in the presence of a verb with a negative particle “not”, for example, “does not eat meat (R.p.)”;

The object of influence in the presence of a verb denoting desire, intention or removal, for example,

“to wish happiness (R.p.)”, “to avoid responsibility (R.p.)”;

If there is a comparison of objects, for example, “stronger than oak (R.p.)”;

If the noun is the object of measurement, counting, or genitive date, such as "spoon

sour cream" or "Day of the Paris Commune".

Accusative.

The accusative case means:

Transition of the action to the subject in full, for example, “flip through a magazine”, “drive a car”;

Transfer of spatial and temporal relations "walk a mile", "rest a month";

AT rare cases is formed as a dependence on the adverb, for example, "it's a shame for a friend."

In order to never confuse the cases of a noun, it is important to remember that each case in Russian

corresponds to a universal question, asking which to this noun, as a result we get

corresponding case.

The genitive case corresponds to the question “no one?” for the animate and “there is nothing?” for

inanimate

nouns.

The accusative case corresponds to the question “I see whom?” for the animate and “I see what?” for

inanimate nouns.

It is extremely difficult to determine the cases of nouns by their definitions or endings.

Let's say

remembering all the definitions of the genitive and accusative cases is quite difficult. And the endings

nouns quite often coincide.

Here is an example using an animate plural noun:

Nearby I noticed people. (I see who? - V.p.)

There were no people around. (there was no one? - R.p.)

As you can see, in both cases the word declines the same way.

But, in order to finally make sure that the definition of the case is correct, substitute mentally

instead of an animate noun, an inanimate one.

For example:

Nearby I noticed a pole. (I see who? - V.p.)

There were no poles around. (there was no one? - R.p.)

The example shows that an inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change, unlike

the same noun that has the genitive case.

From this we can draw the following conclusions:

1. To distinguish the genitive from the accusative, ask the noun a qualifying question.

2. If it is difficult for you to determine the case of an animate noun, because the question "who?" refers to

both cases, then substitute an inanimate noun for this noun and ask it

defining question. For the genitive, it will be “there is nothing?”, And for the accusative, “I see what?”. If a

the word will look like in the nominative case, then the case of your noun is accusative.

Useful advice.

In Russian, there are indeclinable nouns, for example, “coat”, “coffee”, when in any

case the word looks the same. In this case, the case can only be determined by the key question.

The genitive case can also be determined using the test word "cat". Substituting in place

any noun the specified word, pay attention to the ending. Example: instead of a word

"teacher" in the phrase "pride for the teacher" substituting the test word, we get

the phrase "pride for the cat." The ending "and" indicates the genitive case, the ending "y" indicates

accusative.

Remember that the genitive case always indicates the ratio of the whole and the part (a glass of water),

comparison with something or someone (more beautiful than Vasilisa) and belonging (brother's motorcycle).

The accusative describes and denotes a temporal-spatial relationship (wait a minute), and

also indicates a transition from an action to an object (petting a cat).

Source

E. I. Litnevskaya. Russian language: a short theoretical course for schoolchildren.

Interesting article!!!

13 cases of the Russian language.

A noun is a part of speech denoting any objectivity, i.e. The noun answers the question "who" or "what". The noun changes in cases. In order not to confuse cases with each other, there is a strictly defined system of differences between them. This article will help in the future to easily distinguish the genitive from the accusative.

You will need

• Nouns in the genitive and accusative cases.
• Ability to identify cases.
• Knowledge of questions that determine cases.

Instruction

1. There are six cases of nouns in Russian: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental and prepositional. Such names are given to them not without reason. Let's look at each of them two cases: genitive and accusative.

2. Genitive caseAccording to the definitions in Russian, the genitive case means: Belonging to someone or something, say "a fox skin", "a teacher's journal"; If there is a relationship between the whole and its part, let's say "magazine page (R.p.)"; Displaying the sign of the subject in relation to another subject, say "results of the survey (R.p.)"; The object of influence in the presence of a verb with a negative particle “not”, say, “does not eat meat (R.p.)”; The object of influence in the presence of a verb denoting desire, intention or removal, say, “to want happiness (R.p.)”, “to avoid responsibility (R.p.)”; If there is a comparison of objects, say, "stronger than oak (R.p.)"; If the noun is the object of measurement, counting, or a genitive date, say "a spoonful of sour cream" or "Day of the Paris Commune."

3. Accusative caseAccording to definitions in the Russian language, the accusative case means: The transition of the action to the subject entirely, let's say "flip through a magazine", "drive a car"; Transfer of spatial and temporal relations "walk a mile", "rest a month"; In rare cases, it is formed as a connection from an adverb, say, "insulting for a friend."

4. In order to never confuse the cases of a noun, it is significant to remember that all cases in the Russian language correspond to a multifunctional question, asking the one that is given to a given noun, as a result we get the corresponding case. The genitive case corresponds to the question “no one?” for the animate and “there is nothing?” for inanimate nouns. The accusative case corresponds to the question “I see whom?” for the animate and “I see what?” for inanimate nouns. It is very difficult to determine the cases of nouns by their definitions or endings. It is possible that remembering all the definitions of the genitive and accusative cases is quite difficult. And the endings of nouns quite often coincide. Let's give an example using an animate plural noun: Nearby I noticed people (I see who? - V.p.) There were no people around (there was no one? - R.p.) in both cases, the word is identical. But, in order to finally make sure that the definition of the case is correct, mentally substitute an inanimate noun instead of an animate noun. Let's say: Nearby I noticed a pillar (I see who? - V.p.) There were no pillars around (there was no one? - R.p.) The example shows: an inanimate noun in the accusative case does not change in contrast to the same noun, which has Genitive.

5. From here it is allowed to make the following conclusions: 1. In order to distinguish the genitive from the accusative, ask the noun a defining question.2. If you find it difficult to determine the case of an animate noun, because the question "who?" applies to both cases, then substitute an inanimate noun for this noun and ask it a qualifying question. For the genitive, it will be “there is nothing?”, And for the accusative, “I see what?”. If the word looks like it's in the nominative case, then your noun's case is accusative.

In most cases, distinguishing between the genitive and accusative forms is not difficult: you just need to pay attention to the case endings. If the endings of both forms coincide, it is necessary to do according to the further algorithm.

Instruction

1. If you have an inanimate noun in front of you, then you should ask a question for this word. Nouns in the genitive case answer the question "what?" and harmonize with the word "no". Nouns in the accusative case answer the question "what?" and harmonize with the word "see". Let's say: I put on (what?) A coat - the accusative case, I go without (what?) A coat - the genitive case.

2. If you have an animated masculine noun of the II declension, then you should substitute any word of the I declension in its place and look at its ending. Let's say: shot a boar = shot a fox (ending -y - accusative case), scared of a boar = scared of a fox (ending -ы - genitive case).

3. If you have an animate noun in the plural, then it should be replaced with an inanimate noun in the same form. Let's say: I love people, I love (what?) Letters - the accusative case. I love the sincerity of people, I love the sincerity (what?) of letters - the genitive case.

Useful advice
In Russian, there are indeclinable nouns, say, “coat”, “coffee”, when in any case the word looks identical. In this case, the case can be determined only on the key issue.